WEATHERer»ll> f,,r to-(,a-v and t°-r»orr<*»r.

. .rmer to-day. colder bv to-morrow

night. Strong «seat wind«

llill Ke|K>rl on l''»«e S Vaaast^ First to LtsUribttiu CIRCULATION

Over 100,000 DailyNet Paid, Non-Returnabl«

First to Last.the Truth: News . Editorials . Advertisements

Vor IAWÍ No. 25,648 'ion« rieht 1917.The Tribune A««'n.' SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1917.SIX PARTS.SIXTY PACKS * * * PRICE FIVE TEXTS

STATE GUARDCALLED AFTERHAYOR'S PLEAWhitman Orders OutLand Forces andNaval Militia

CITY PROTECTEDFROM TERRORISTS

Mitchel Confers with

O'Ryan.11,000 Policeon Defence Duty

Governor Whitman ordered the

mobilization of the National Guardlast night.This step.to guard against pos¬

sible arts of violence^.was takenafter a conference with MayorMitchel, Major General John P.Olîyan, Adjutant General Stotes-

bury and Commissioner Robert P.

Forshew, of the Naval Militia, at

the Hotel St Regis.The Guard will be used to tnip-

press any disorder that may occur

and to protect the watershed«, ar¬

mories, arsenals, aqueducts andbridges «if the state against possi¬ble damage.

Fear of TerrorismHow much this is feared may be

judged from the fact that although11,000 police.all trained soldiers.ire on guard in New York City,Mayor Mitchel was one of the mostiniistent in urging the additional¦rotection of the Guard.During the conference he dictated

i formal appeal to the Governor, inttich he laid stress on the possibil¬ity of terrori.-m en»uing, which theGuard alor.e could quell. He point¬ed out, as an indication of what

might follow, the acts of violencecommitted \n the past under the di¬rection of von Papen and Boy-Ed.

"There exist*, "in" lue"' opinion ofthe undersigned," his appeal said, inpurt, "imminent danger of the com¬

mission of similar acts of violenceand breaches of the peace againstproperty and public utilities of theCity of New York."

Guard on Duty Here

Later in the evening, in an ad¬dress at the dinner of the Real Es¬tate Board of New York, at the Wal¬dorf, the Mayor again warned«gair..-t "possible acts of violence byfanatics," but qualified thiB by add¬ing that he did not anticipate anyserious disturbance.The mobilization order means that

the next few days will see New YorkCity guarded by ö,50n militiamen, as

well as by police. The rest of thostate's vita] points will be protectedby 7,000 more. There are 5.500 NewYork Guardsmen still on the border.Of thei-e, 3,"/j0 are from this city.

«faj-or Mitchel'« letter was formallyaaodtd te Governor Whitman. It read«:

New York City. Feb. 3, 1917.To Hia Excellent*? the Governor:Wht.-eas diplomatic relation« be¬

tween the- Ü lited State« and the im-

Ptriai German government have beenbroker, elf, and trier« have been dur¬ing trie lint year or nore various«et» of violence directed againstproperty within th© <ity of NewYork, or In the imnie«i.ate vicinity,.hieb art« constituted breach*» of'h» peace, and were committed forthe apparent purpose of embarras-.10*; one or more of the belligerent»«ngaged in the war in Lurope;And, «sherea» there exist», in the

.pinion of the undersigned, immi¬

nent dar.gtr of the commission ofslinilar ecu of violence and breaches.f the peace against property andPublic attl '..es of the City of New

And, whereas the effect of «uch.ft» if corntr.\\\*d may be of dia-SBaWai proportion» arid consequence*. te« Urce ar.d welfare of the reai-dttt« of tr.e City of New York;And, wr.araaa the civil authorities

*t tb« City of New York have notw tha prese/, t «uff.cient and ade¬quate fore*» at their disposa.] to prop-*rly Had adequately guard again»ts», snasaatleataa of »uch «et»;

I do, tr.«-r<-ior«, pursuant to |fJS>t'«r. m of th« Military Law of themts of Now york. n%umt that

Jwr }., .,,,.. 01it guçh de.S*wtati of tae National Guard and2»al Mllttia for ta« purpo«« efaio.r.a; ...... ,.<vil fctithoritia. in therr.k a,r,nc* "' Uw "r"1 '"4*r, aatlltZl} \ ." "u«h »uthoritl»« mayIf "", »deqoaUly against »uch art«

jtj****** »r"l br«a««a«« of the

t«Waii|jJOHN Pl-'KROV MITCHSaa,

Mayor of Near Starkat«?f^â,.r.¦ ,uu""'"- -hat tha po-.lïoo .

"' ,fc* t,lyi. "rioting at**mL**' af** '"'t ¦«««¦"t U, guard-*-'.« »uch act«" whan called to ht«

C««HlatM4 . p... , Baaaaaasj S

^J* »Uamaam, n r tmm ut rvu, 7**.

HEAR WILSON ASKEDALL NEUTRALS' AID

Washington. Feb. 3..Itwas reported to-nighl in dip¬lomatic quarters, but uncon¬

firmed in any American of¬ficial source, that PresidentWilson in advising neutralsof his action in severingdiplomatic relations withGermany had invited otherneutrals to follow his course.

AWERICANSHIPU-BOAT VICTIM_

Destruction of Housa-tonic May Be Basisof War Declaration

'From Th« Trlbur.t Puratu)

Washington, Feb. 3..The gravestconcern was felt by State Departmentofficials to-night when they receivednew« from London of the pinking by a

submarine of the American steamshipHoushtoni.». It was realized that this

might be the necessary overt act whichwould cause war.

It was said, however, that the Housa-tonic case would not be considered bythis government until the evidence was

all in. If the ship was sunk withoutwarning it presents a casus belli, other¬wise not.

According to the dispatches fromLondon, the ship was sunk by a Germansubmarine about noon to-day. when shewas off the Scilly Islands. It is re¬

ported in London that no warning was

given, but this has not been verified.All the officers and crew wee saved bya British armed steamer.

Wilson's WarningThe first effect of the incident In offl-

cial quarters was to direct attentionanew to the President's declaration inhis address to Congress to-day, that ifAmerican ships and lives were sacri¬ficed, "in heedless contravention of the

just and reasonable understandings ofinternational law," he would again gobefore Congress for authority to "use

any means that may be necessary forthe protection of our seamen and our

people."The news, coming almost befor«

President Wilson's words In Congres«had died away, created a tremendoussensation. Admittedly, if the Housa-tonic was sunk without warning, or

with loss of American life, it willBinount to little less than an act ofwar, and be followed by all the conse-

quences which the President so clearlypointed out in his address.The Housatonic, with 144.000 bush¬

els of wheat, sailed from Galveston on

January 6 and from Newport Newp or

January 18 for London. There were

fifteen American? in her crew andtwenty-four of other nationalities.

Formerly German ShipThe Housatonic formerly was the

Hamburg-American line steamer Geor¬gia, and American registry was grantedto her in April, 1915. Prior to thattime she had been laid up at New Or¬leans since the beginning of the war.

It was then announced that the ves¬

sel had been bought on March 29 for$85.000 by the Housatonic SteamshipCompany, of which Pdward F. Geer, ofof New York, is president- The Housa¬tonic was 8,14S tors gross and was

built in Glasgow in 1«90. She was 238feet long, 4Û feet wide and 20 feetdeep.The ship was under charter to Brown,

Jenkinson &. Co., of London, it was

asserted last night by Ldward F. Geer,president of the Housatonic SteamshipCompany. On her last trip to Kurope,which was in August, she carried a

cargo of «upplies to Rotterdam for theBeig.an Relief CaauaJMiaa.

COL. ROOSEVELTPLANS TO RAISEARMY DIVISION

Writes War Department forAuthority to Enlist Many

Applicants

OyMer Bay, Feb. 8. -If war tomes

Colonel Theodore Roosevelt is goingto enlist. His four sons will followhis lead, and, if the War Departmentwill permit, a volunteer army divisionwill march after hlin to the front.

'I he break with liermanv has re¬

vived the "Roosevelt division" whichaus plaaned when war with Mexicothreat«- led and disappeared from view

vim that cn«is passed. From allover ike country to-day telegramsfrom men who want to fight under theColonel's leadership have been pouringlata Oji itet Buy."Of -ours«, I shall support the

Preele>at la all that he >io«-n to up-hold ths honor of the l.'nited States."Colonel Roosevelt said to-night. "Ihave written to th« War Department,a«l.ing for permission to raise a divi-oion, if war ia declared and there is

I a ca I for volunteers. My four sons

will go with me if the call comes.'If 'he division ever comen i rito be¬

ing, BMM of all age« and poition* willbeg for the opportunity of marchingin its rank«. All yest'irday afternoonHenry L. Stimson, former Secretaryof War, wa» In conference at Saga-

! rnore Hill. He i« to be commissarygeneral of the organization if it iaformed.Othera who have asked for the priv¬

ilège of acting an eolonel or lleuten-»nt colonel under hi» command ar«

Captain John C. Groóme, of the Pann-

«ylvania Slate «"omUbulary; Johni.rerr.way, of Blsbee, Am ; Setb Bul-lork ef Deadwood. Rock Chanrnng.of íienver, and David Goodnch, ofNew York.

I OMrAKTMICVr flAlta TO KXMVnTA.>. !**.!' ''"».< Utt. » it AM Wed * Bat

» >.« .>«¦: Pullman« Dallr. Offl<«. 111! B'way..At «n.

STANDING BACK OF HIM

I cannot bring myself to believe that they will indeed pay no regard to the ancient

friendship between their people «ind our own or to the solemn obligations which have been

exchanged between them and destroy American ships and take the lives of American citi¬

zens in the wilful prosecution of the ruthless naval programme they have announced their in¬

tention to adopt. Only actual overt acts on their part can make me believe it even now.

If this inveterate confidence on my part m the sobriety and prudent foresight of their

purpose should unhappily prove unfounded; if American ships and American lives shouldin fact be sacrificed by their naval commanders in heedless contravention of the just and

reasonable understandings of international law and the obvious dictates of humanity, I shall

take the liberty of coming again before the Congress, to ask that authority be given me to

use any means that may be necessary for the protection of our seamen and our people in the

prosecution of their peaceful and legitimate errands on the high seas. I can do nothing less.

1 take it for granted that all neutral governments will take the same course..From President

Wilson's address Io Congress yesterday.

NAVYTO CONVOYAMERICAN SHIPSIN U-BOAT ZONE

Protection Will Be GivenWhether Contraband Is

Carried or Not

¡Frmn The Tribune Bureau',

Washington, Feb. 3..The navy will

furnish convoy« for all Americanverséis «ailing for the war zone. Until

arrangements for «uch convoys have

been completed the government will

discourage American shipmasters from

sailing for European port«.It wa« decided to-day that the gor-

err.ment ought not to take the re-

»ponsiblllty of encouraging departures,'in view of the «peclfic warning of the

German note, unless adéquat* protec-tion was furnished by the naval forces.

Although convoying a merchantman

may be regarded by Germany as a

warlike act, and thus furnish the Ger-

man government with an excuse for

jretending that the commencement of

the almost inevitable hostilities is

chargeable to the United States, offi¬

cials believe it is better to take this

risk than to tako tho far greater riskof having tho vessels sunk because un¬

protected.Convoying a merchantman, under in¬

ternational law, gives that ship the

status of a war vessel of the same na-

tionalitr Hs the convoy. An AmericanmiTchantman convoyed by an Ameri¬can destroyer, therefore, would have

the status of an American warship. Adormán suomanne attack on a vesselso convoyed would bo equivalent to an

attack on an American warship.To Proiert All Trader»

[f the convoyed vessel carried contra¬

band, therefore, it could be regardeda« a breach of neutrality. Hut a« theGerman government has made no dis¬tinction in Us war zone warning be¬tween contraband carriers and othertrader«, trio United StaU-a governmentftrels Justified in offering it» protectionto all classes of American commerce,whether contraband or not.

It was announced at th« Navy De¬

partment to-day that all navy yardshad been cloned except to employes.This step wa» taken frankly a» a pro¬tection against German »pie«, and theannouncement wa« mad» even beforethe President's break with Germanywas known.The department announced al»o that

it had a completa liât of all vesselsIn the United .SUte» which would be«vailat,1«, a» naval auxiliarle» in c««e

of war, or eren In time of peaca, If it

ahould be nece»»ary to requisition

CataUlaaad am cajj}*» «, eelaaus 1

BRITISH WAR FLEETOFF NEW YORK HARBOR

On Ouard Since Thursday.Ready for Emergency,

Says AttacheA fleet of British warships is stand-

lng guard off New York Harbor. Theyhave been there since Thursday.

Captain Guy (¿aunt, naval attach« ofthe British Embassy, admitted Jast '

night that the «hips were cruising inwhat in naval circles is known as theNew York area.

"Just where they are now it wouldbe impossible to say," said Captain(¡aunt, "as the New York area, inwhich the ships are cruising, covers a

stretch of water extending from the!three-mile limit to 600 miles out to>¦'. H."Captain Gaunt said he did not know

the number or types of ships in thelest, but ho added that It could betaken for granted they were in suffi¬cient fore« to be ready for any emer¬

gency._

CAPITAL FROWNSON INAUGURATION]POMP IN CRISIS

President May Take Oath Pri-vately in White House on

Sunday, March 4_

Washington. Feb. 8. -While no de¬cision has been reached officially, thereis a strong sentiment in high quartersfavoring the abandonment of the pub-he inauguration ceremonies on March,"i. The plan is simply to have thePresident take the oath of office in theWhite House on Sunday, March 4. TheArmy ard Navy reception at the WhiteHouse probably will be abandoned.

It is felt that the President, facing a

great international crisis, should notbe called upon to participate in anypublic function.

U. S. SEIZESGERMAN SHIPS;ONE IS CRIPPLED

Federal Officers Find theKronprinzessin CecilieDisabled at Boston

Boston, Feb. 8..The North GermanLloyd liner Kronprinzessin Cecilie i*a»

seined by United States Marshal Mitch¬ell on a civil process to-night. Thi«ship was found to be crippled beyondpossibility of early usefulness, accord¬ing to an officia] who assisted in thoseizure.The liner's boilers were said to have

been cleared of all water, the fires wem

burning at top capacity and countle««valves In the «njrine room tiad beenmutilated, transferred or removed en¬

tirely, this official stated.United .States Marshal Mitchell to¬

night took possession of tho linerKronprinzessin Cecilie, which had been

nominally In his custody since the liti¬

gation brought against the owners bythe National City Bank of New York.

German Crew Put Ashore

CapUin Charles A. Polack and theskeleton crew of 112 men who had

msde the ship their home for more

than two years were put «.shore andhoused for th«; time being at tho Im¬

migration Bureau. The German en¬

gineers, firemen and others whose ser¬

vices have betn required to keep theship in condition were replaced byAmerican citizens, and fifty men of

the city police force wer« put on board

Continued »a pa«« 9. rolnmn 3

The Suburban KitchenPerhaps your cook is discontented. Perhaps you

have no cook at all.Whether you live in the city or out in the country,

whether you do most of the housework yourself or have

plenty of capable maids, you will find The TribuneInstitute's weekly ideas valuable in the efficient man

ajçemcnt of your household. That is because they are

so practical. Read its pages every Sunday; turn to PartIV now.pages 6, 7 and 8.

| .he limitas 2Tribun*Foot to Umt.Aho Truth t

Newe.EMtortolt.Aéoortieomonte'¦<.¦:' r nf «h« Au'tll Hurra,] or Circulation«

**¦ ¦ '.' ' ""' '" ".,¦.-..--¦=.

Wilson BreaksWith Germany;War Imminent

Bernstorff Dismissed, Gerard Recalled"Overt Act," Sacrificing American

Lives or Ships, Means Fight,Is President's Warning

HOSTILITIES MAY BE FORCED ONTHIS NATION IN NEXT 48 HOURS

Officials Close to Executive Believe Armed Clash Is Inevitable.Ap¬propriation for Conflict May Be Introduced To-morrow.Pres¬

ident Declares Hell Use "Any Means Necessary" to Pro¬

tect Seamen and Citizens on the High Seas

By STEVENSON H. EVANS

Washington, Feb. 3..War is now as near as one second is to another. Only a miracle can

prevent the taking of the next step, which means the beginning of actual hostilities againstthe Germans.

No one high in official life here now believes that it is still possible for the United Stateu

to keep out. The men in authority close to the President, although they are glad that responsi¬bility for the fateful next step has been placed squarely on the shoulders of the German govern¬

ment, view the immediate future with the utmost gravity.Events at sea may require the Congress of the United States to make formal declaration

of \yar against Germany as soon as the Senate and the House of Representatives reconvene on

¡Monday. A huge appropriation and sweeping authority conferred upon the President to use

the land and naval forces of the United States as seemed best to him would follow as a mattef

| of course. Then there would be nothing more for Congress to do. All that is necessary prob-.;ably will be done at this session.

The tenseness which has filled Washington during the two days since Germany precipitatedI a new crisis by announcing the withdrawal of her pledges and the beginning of ruthless sub-

marine warfare was sharply broken just after 10 o'clock this morning, when it was announced

that the President would address a joint session of Congress on foreign relations at 2 this

i afternoon.Immediately afterward it became known that it had been decided in the session of the

Cabinet yesterday, and the conferences between the President and Senators which followed it,

that relations with Germany must be broken off and that Ambassador Gerard at Berlin had

been instructed to ask for his passports, while passports were being prepared for Ambassador

von Bernstorff.The President spent the morning completing his message to Congress, seeing no one but

Secretary Lansing, and him only for a few minutes. After completing the message he went

to the golf links. No official would discuss the situation in any form.

Shortly before 2 o'clock the President left the White House, at about the same time that a

messenger left the State Department to take to the German Embassy passports for the am-

bassador, his wife and staff, a total of nearly a hundred persons.

At the Capitol a committee from both houses met the President and escorted him to the

Speaker's rostrum in the hall of the House of Representatives. The assembled lawmakers rose

as he entered the hall and burst into cheering and hand-clapping. The President, his face set,

and without the suggestion of a smile, bowed and began very slowly to read his address. It

follows:Gentlemen of the Congress.The Imperial German govemm

on January 81 announced to this g

ernment and to the governmentsthe other neutral nations that on i

after February 1, the present mon

it would adopt a policy with reg*

to the use of submarines againstshipping seeking to pass through c

tain delignatad areas of the hi

seas, to which it is clearly ray dt

to call your attention.Let mo remind the Congress th

on April 8 last, in view of the sir

ing on March 24 of the 'cross-Chsml passenger steamer Sussex byGerman submarine without summo

or warning, and the consequent lo

of the lives of several ci'izens of ti

United States, who were passengeaboard her, this government ai

dres.-cii a note to the Imperial Ge

man government, in which it mac

the following declaration:If it is still the purpo'e of the In

parlai «ierman government to prosecutrcler.tli'ás and indiscriminate warfarni,"s::is". ve«*pls of commerce by the us

of submarines without regard to whsthe government of the United Statemust consider the sacre«! and in»i:aputable rules of international law an«

the universally recognize«! dictates o

humanity, the government of thiUnited States IS at last forced to the

conclusion that there is but one cour?«

it can pursu". I"nle«s the Irr,per;agovernment should now immediate!",declare and effect an abandonment olits present methods of submarine war¬

fare Sgais passenger and freight car¬

rying «.«.«<.-.«. the government of theUnited State« can have no choice but

ta sever diplomatic relations with theGerman Empire altogether.German Answer(iave Pledges

In reply to this declaration the Im-

[."riul Qannaa *****i arami at fiat this

government the ÍOiUowiag assurance:

The German government is preparedto do its utmost to confine the opera¬tions of war for the re«t of it« dura¬tion to the fighting forces of the bel-

g. rents, thereby also insuring theloai of the seas, a principle upon

which the <j Jinan government believe«'

> ..

itself now, as before, to be in «frrefment with the government of thUnited States.The German government, guided b

this iflea, notifies the government o

the United States that the Germanr.vnl forera have received the followir..; order«: In accordarce with thuneral principles of visit and searchand destruction of merchant vesselrecognlied by international law, suelvessels, both within and without tharea declared a naval war rone, ehalnot be sunk without warning: and without saving human lives, unless thes'ships attempt to escape or ofTer resistanco.But neutral« cannot exprct that Ger

many, forcod to fight tor her existence«r.ali. for the sake of neutral interestsr. «*.r;ct the use of an effective weaporif her enemy is perm tt<?i to continu«to apply at will meti.ods of warfar«v.oli.tnir the rules of international lawi^uch a demand would bo ir.compatibl«with the character of neutrality, and th«German i:ovfrnnio:.'. is convinced thaithe government of the United Statesdoes not think of making such a de¬mand, knowing that the government olthe United .States has repeatedly de¬clared that it i.«. determined to restorethe principle of the freedom of th«WtaXS, from whatever quarter it has been1 ¡oiated.United States RejectedQualifying ClauseTo this the government of the

United Statei replied on May 8, ac¬

cepting:, of course, the assurances

given, but adding:The government of the United States

feels it necessary t> state that it takesit for granted that the Imperial tier-man government «¡oes not intend to im¬ply that the maintenance of its newlyannounced policy is in any way con¬

tingent upon the course or result ofdiplomatic negotiations between thegovernment of the United States andany other belligerent government, not¬withstanding the fact that certain pas¬sages in the Imperial government's note

of the fourth instant might appear tob<* suscepub!e at that construction. In«'rJer. however, to avoid any nuaumler-

line th« »: ''-eminent of the United¡tales no'-.lie» the Imperial governmentthat it cannot for a moment entertain,much less discutí, a suggestion thatrespect by German naval authoritiestor the right« of citixens of the United]Stale« upon the high saas should in anyway or in the slightest degree be madecontingent upon the conduct of any jother government, affecting the rights j

of neutral« and non-combatants Re¬sponsibility in such matters ia ungl«,not joint, absolute, not relativ«.(Jets Warnin*:to «Sink at aSightTo this note of the eighth of May,

the Importai German governmentp.ade no reply.On the thirty-first of January, the

Wednesday of the present week, thaGerman Ambassador handed to thaSecretery of State, along with a for¬mal note, a memorandum which **on«-Uined the following statement:

The imperial government, there¬fore, does not doubt that th« govern¬ment of th«« United State« will under¬stand the situation thu« forced uponGermany by the Entente Allies' brutalmethods of war and by their determina¬tion to destroy the Central Power«, andthat the government of the UnitedState« will further realize that th« nowopenly disclosed intention of the En¬tente Allies gives back to Germany th«freedom of action which she resenredin her note addressed to th« govern¬ment of the United States on May 4,1916.Under these circumstance« Germany

will meet the illegal measure« of herenemies by forcibly preventing, «ft«rFebruary 1, 1917, in a lone aroundGreat Britain, France, Italy and in th«eastern Mediterranean, all navigation,that of neutrals included, from and toEngland and from ar.d to France, etcetc. All ships met within the tone willbe sunk.

U. S. Must NowSever Relations

I think that you will agree with

me that, in view of this declaration,v hich suddenly and without prior in¬

timation of any kind, deliberatelyv.-ithdraws the solemn assurance

given in the Imperial governmentsnota, of the 4th of May. 1916. this

government has no alternative con^sistent with the dignity and honor of

tne United States but to take tha

course, which, in its note of the 18th

jf April, 1916. it announced that it

.Aould ta'ke in the event that the Ger-

man government did not declare and