new trends in nursing

7/17/2019 new trends in nursing

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Learning Outcomes• Defne the concepts o spirituality and religion as they

relate to nursing and health care• Identiy the characteristics o spiritual health

• Identiy actors associated with spiritual distress andmaniestations o it

• Describe the spiritual development o the individual acrossthe liespan

• Reect upon ones own understanding o the terms

spirituality and spiritual care

• Discuss the role o health care proessionals in the provisiono spiritual care

• Identiy any barriers that may prevent health careproessionals rom engaging with spiritual issues

• Explore the skills required by health care proessionals oreective spiritual care



!istorical "verview

• Nursing evolved out of arich spiritual heritage

• Central to the notion of

nursing were theconcepts of ‘vocation’ and‘self-giving’ in the serviceof God.

• Spirituality was not aseparate entity butintegrated permeating allaspects of care.



!istorical "verview• Spirituality was hidden yet displayed in the ualities! manners! attitudes

and approach of the nurses who cared"

• ‘#he spiritual dimension in nursing’s tradition cannot be separated from

the history of nursing itself.

• #oday it is argued that spirituality has been eroded through the

secularism and scientific positivism.

• $t has been argued that spirituality is potentially the answer to many of

the problems that plague nursing



#"$%E$% #"&'($

Historical

Overview• !ealth care)Religion andspirituality wereintegrated

• %he notion ovocation)

devotion and sel*sacrifce wereessential traits+



,piritual care) the past)present and uture

• -ast./lorence $ightengale) and religious groups who

cared or the body 0 soul 1Egyptian priests 0

priestesses) monks) nuns) etc2

• -resent.$urses and ,piritual Experts are researching

and publishing the impact o spiritual care on medical

conditions

• /uture. An increase in spiritual based treatments

and interventions interwoven with medical care

for illnesses and diseases.



,pirituality and nursing care

• #aring actions are directed toward the welareo the patient and amily while ocusing onhealth promotion) disease prevention) healthrestoration and management o chronic

disease+ %his ocus addresses the wholepatient, bio-psychosocial and spirituality,and facilitates the movement toward ahigh level of wellness. 3 caring attitude is

the respectul deerence to others) positiveconnectedness) proessional knowledge andskill and the attentiveness to another4sexperience+



,pirituality and $ursingcare

• In modern nursing and midwiery practice thereis an ever growing awareness o the need andbeneft o what has been termed holistic care

• %reating the whole person includes both the

physical ailments and the spiritual distress andpain which can be generated in that personbecause o the physical illness+

• "ne must recogni5e that human beings are not

6ust physical entities but consist o body) mindand spirit) three separate components ) yet allcontributing to the 7wholeness8 o a humanbeing



,pirituality and nursing care

%,piritual care is one o the moreoverlooked aspects o nursing careprobably because it is so oten ill*

defned and misunderstood % %here is however increasing recognition

that patients who have received 9good

spiritual care4 within their nursing carehave perceived their care to be o amuch better quality+



Spirituality and nursingcare

% %he ailure o many nurses:midwivesto address the spiritual needs o theirpatients is largely due to the lack oinormation and guidelines or thepractice o spiritual care+

% In practice however many

nurses:midwives requently deal withmatters o spirituality withoutrecognising or naming them as such



;hat is spirituality<

• ,pirituality is the essence o a beingthat permeates all o lie+

• It is the lie orce that gives meaning to

a how a person understands) views) andlives lie+

• It is characteri5ed by love) caring)compassion) orgiveness) and theinterconnectedness with sel) others)nature and =od:!igher -ower:'niversal&ie /orce



Defnition o spirituality

• Spirituality is hard to define

• Definition 1: attitudes, beliefs and practices whichanimate people’s lives and provide a dimension of

human experience having to do with identity, purposeand meaning.

• Definition 2: a belief in and experience of a being or

state…that transcends physical reality and providesdirection, meaning and/or affirmation in one’s life”

• People develop their own spirituality over the course ofa lifetime.



,pirituality and Religion

• t is important to note the differences between religion

and spirituality.

• !eligion is more of the "institutionali#ation” of li$e

values, beliefs, and lifestyles amongst a shared group of people.

• !eligion usually includes wee$ly %or more& attendance at

some type of group gathering centered on common

beliefs.



,pirituality and Religion

• 'n the other hand, a person can be non(religiousand very extremely spiritual

• )espite the importance of spirituality in the

lifestyles of many, it is often neglected when itcomes to healthcare.

• *hile everyone has a spiritual dimension, inmany parts of the world, only a minority of people practice a formal religion, hence, although people commonly say " am not !eligious”, theydo not say " am not spiritual”.



;hat is religion<

!eligion+

he "institutionali#ation” of li$e values, beliefs, and

lifestyles amongst a shared group of people



Dierence betweenReligion 0 ,pirituality

• Religion**a system o belies and practicesthat a person can use to express theirspirituality+ $ot required or spirituality % Examples

• #hristians.cross) >ible

• Islam.?ur4an) prayer

• @ewish.%orah) estivals

• >uddhism.kharma) >uddha

• Remember.not all members o a religionpractice) express their spirituality the same+



;hat is religion<

• In developed societies spirituality is typicallyexpressed through ormali5ed religion o onesort or another

• It is however important to reali5e that theconcept o spirituality is much broader thanreligion and that religion is only one orm ospiritual expression+

• 'nortunately) many nurses believe thatmeeting a patient4s spiritual needs meansfnding out i they have a religious aAliationand then arranging or the appropriate

chaplain or minister o religion to visit them



Bey -oint

• Don4t 3ssumeC

% Inquire<



;hat are religious needs<

• (any people express their spirituality in termso religious belie and membership o aparticular aith or religious movement be it#hristian) @ewish) (uslim) !indu or any other othe many world aiths and religions+

• ;e are living in a multi*cultural society sonurses must be prepared to meet patients rommany dierent religious backgrounds+

• (any patients will have strong religious belies

and will have certain needs that come with theirreligious aith+

• "thers will hold a nominal religious aAliationand defnite religious needs will not be high on

their list o priorities+



#ulture:,pirituality

• ,pirituality can be

%determined by culture

%determined by lie experiencesunrelated to culture

%Inuenced by both culture andpersonal experiences that areopposite to the cultural norm+



,ecularisation and !ealthcare

A scheme in which new hospital patientshave their "religious and spiritual care

needs" assessed has been condemned by theational Secular Society.

,outhampton 'niversity !ospitals $!, %rust saidpeople would be asked whether they had anyaith needs that can be supported during theirstay+ >ut the $ational ,ecular ,ociety) whichdeends the rights o non*believers) said the move

misused $!, resources+

“How on earth have we reached the stagethat you can!t even go to hospital fortreatment without having religion foistedon you lie this#$

%erry ,anderson$ational ,ecular ,ociety -resident



;hy the interest in spirituality<

• nternational -ouncil of urses((Promotes environment

in which human rights, values, customs, and spiritual

beliefs of the individual, family and community arerespected

• Spirituality is also implicit or explicit in codes of ethics

and practice competencies for different professional

groups.



;hy the interest in spirituality<

• #here are a number of other drivers that have

raised awareness of spirituality.

% Consideration must be given to the dramatic

changes within the structure and composition ofsociety % it is culturally! ethnically and is

religiously diverse. #herefore! nursing and

health care needs to listen to the wide range of

perceptions and views.



3nalogy and,ymbolism



3nalogy and symbolism• $ursing aculty and students

recogni5e that people are holisticbeings physical) mental) spiritual)emotional

• 7#onsidering a light bulb analogousto a human) think o the glass)aluminum) and other tangiblematerials that compromise it asrepresenting the physical dimensionFthink o the light and warmth the

bulb elicits as the psychologicalF andthe electrical current that energi5esand ultimately provides the meaningand unction or the bulb as thespiritual dimension+8



/ootball Explained

• /ootball ;hole -erson

• -atches Dierent Dimension o our being

• >lack -hysical) -sychosocial

• ;hite less tangible) values) creeds) cultural aspects

• %hread uniying orce o spirituality

• 3ir lie orce

• 3dapted rom (c,herry 0 Draper 1GHH2



,pirituality isaboutJ

• !ope and strength• %rust

• (eaning and purpose

• /orgiveness

• >elie and aith in sel) others and or some thisincludes a belie in a deity:higher power

• -eoples values

• &ove and relationships

• (orality• #reativity and sel expression




• %aking the #hristian patient as an example)there are a variety o religious needs thatneed to be met and the #hristian patientcould require some or all o the ollowing J*

% -rayer) !oly #ommunion) 3nointing)#onession) 3bsolution) >aptism) to be able toattend a religious service on a ,unday) toreceive a blessing and at the time o death) tobe commended into =ods care+

• It is also important to remember that withinthe umbrella o the term 7#hristian8 thereare many dierent denominations withmany dierent belies and needs




• (ost o the ma6or world aiths have certainrituals surrounding death and the nurse orcarer must be aware o these and be able

to give the appropriate care or be able tocall an appropriate person to carry outthese rituals



,piritual $eeds

• @ust as everybody has a spiritual dimension) allclients have needs that reect their spirituality

• %hese needs are oten shown when an individualis sick or during other health crises+

• Every individual person is dierent and has hisor her own spiritual dimension developed over alietime

• >ecause o this it is diAcult to say what are theexact spiritual needs o any particular individual+

• See next slide for spiritual needs



Spiritual eeds• %he need or meaning and purpose

• %he need or love and harmonious relationships

• %he need or orgiveness

• %he need or a source o hope and strength

• %he need or trust

• %he need or expression o personal

belies:values

• %he need or spiritual practices) expressions o

concept o =od or deity and creativity



!ow are spiritual issuesraised<

• Kery oten we will need to be on the alert

to the hal spoken questions) the 7i only8

or 7what i8 queries or the 7it makes you

think8 type o statements+

• %hese statements may well be the tip o

the iceberg and i handled sensitively maylead to the patient revealing to you their

inner world o turmoil and spiritual pain



!ow are spiritual issuesraised<

• %he patient may oten raise questions directly to anurse or which has nothing to do with the physical

ailment but all to do with the onset o spiritual pain+

• %hese sort o questions are those like 7why<8 7whyme<8 7what have I done to deserve this<8 7what is

happening to me<8 7is there a =od<8

• "ther expressions oten voiced are 7I4ve donenothing worthwhile with my lie8) 7;ho will

remember me when I4ve gone<8 or 7;hy should

anyone care about me<



,piritual distress

• ,piritual distress reers to achallenge to the spiritual well*beingor to the belie system that provides

strength) hope and meaning to lie+

• ,ome actors that may contribute toa person4s spiritual distress include

physiologic problems) andsituational concerns



,igns o spiritualdistress:dilemma

• 'nairness.Why me?

• 'nworthiness—I don’t want to be a burden

• !opelessness.What’s the point?

• =uilt and punishment.I’m being punished but Iled a good life

• Isolation and anger.No one understands me

• Kulnerability.I am afraid

• #onusion.Why is this happening to me?• 3bandonment.God (or family) doesn’t care



;hat is spiritual care<

• ,piritual #are ,piritual care is responding to theuniqueness o the individual J accepting their range odoubts) belies) and values 6ust as they are+

• It means responding to the spoken or unspokenstatements rom the very core o that person as valid

expressions o where they are and who they are+

• It is to be a acilitator in their search or identity on the 6ourney o lie and in the particular situation in whichthey fnd themselves+

• It is to respond without being prescriptive) 6udgemental or dogmatic and without preconditionsFacknowledging that each will be at a dierent stage onthat personal spiritual 6ourney+



!ow is spiritual care given<

• 3 useul starting point is to begin bylistening and receiving the questions anddoubts as they are voiced by the patient)and allowing the patient to be 7who they

are and as they are8+

• %he $urse should be non*6udgemental)and non*authoritarian+

p r tua ar ng



p r tua ar ng %he $ursing -rocessJ

3ssessment• 3ssessment

/I#3 (odel 1-uchalski) GHHL2

%aith 1believe) tradition) etc<2&mportant 1!ow important to you<2

'ommunity 1church) support)involvement<2

Apply:3ddress 1belies apply to health<how can we address those needs<2



$ursing -rocessJ $ursingDiagnose

Ris for !piritual "istress.at risk or an altered senseo harmonious connectedness with all o lie and theuniverse in which dimensions that transcend andempower the sel may be disrupted+

!piritual "istress.disruption in the lie principle thatpervades a persons4 entire being and thatintegrates and transcends one4s biological andpsychosocial nature+

Readiness for #nhanced !piritual Well$%eing.processo developing:unolding o mystery throughharmonious interconnectedness that springs orthrom inner strengths+

i



$ursing -rocessJInterventions

;hat can I 1the nurse2 do<< ALO()

3ctive listening>ibliotherapy 1readingspiritually uplitingmaterials) including sacredwritings2#aring touchDream analysisExpressive art 1music)sculpture) painting)

knitting) dance) etc2/acilitate religiouspractices 0 social support

!umor

@ournal writing:scrapbookmaking(editation

$ature

-raying with or or clientsor assisting clients to pray-resencing,tory listening)reminiscence) or lie review#ollaborate w: spiritualleaders

cited %aylor) E+/+ 1MNNM2



$ursing -rocessJ Evaluation

-atient:client will be

*less anxious

*verbali5e eelings) concerns) ears) etc

*report eeling peace

*open to discuss spiritual concerns)issues) etc

,piritual health is a -R"#E,,/ocus on the client outcome

$"% the nurse4s desired outcome+



,piritual #risisJ3 crisis o illness) suering)

and:or death

(any events in lie cancreate a ,piritual #risis+

!ealth careJ

#hronic Illness) &ie %hreatening %raumaand:or Disease) andothers

&ossJ

o a loved one)perceived sel) health)support) and others



,pirituality + + + curriculum 0reality

>eyond the curriculum and what ourstudents are learning) we are embracingspirituality on campus+

#elebration #eremony in remembrance o a ellow$ursing ,tudent

(usic) Release o Doves) Encouraging ;ords

>lessing o our !ands

$urse4s Day MNNO



;hat about the nurse<

• %o care or the spiritual needs o patients can be verydemanding on the one who is meeting these needs+• %o eectively carry out spiritual care the nurse take

care to examine their own spirituality+• (any nurses have not considered their own spiritual

dimensions or value systems+• !aving a clear knowledge o their own ramework o

belies may make it easier or them to avoid a 6udgemental attitude toward patients who happen tohave belies that conict with their own ideas aboutthe meaning to lie+

• =iving spiritual care can involve a caregiver inconronting their own demons and devils and it canbe very demanding work not least because o thedemands that this care giving can put on a carersalready overcrowded work schedule+



;hat about the nurse<

• /or those engaged in spiritual care it isimportant to look ater their own needs+$urse should get together requently toshare experiences and support one another+

• Debriefng sessions oten oered by thechaplaincy department should become animportant part o their work rota+

• !ot baths) aromatherapy) yoga) all thesethings can help a carer relax and wind downand prevent the pain o a suering patienttaking over their own lives+



&anguage o spirituality

• ,eeks to be universal

• 3ll inclusive

• 3cknowledges individuality

• ,uggest spirituality comes into ocus at time o need<

• Dismisses or seeks to divorce the religious andtheistic

• ,ub6ective



,piritual care is notJ

• @ust about religious belies and practices

• 3bout imposing your own belies andvalues on another

• 'sing your position to convert

• 3 specialist activity

• %he sole responsibility o the #haplain

*ole of Health 'are



*ole of Health 'are+rofessionals

• ,ystematic approach * 3ssess) plan) implement andevaluate+

• Individualised) person*centred care)

• ,ymptom control

• &istening and attending

• ,upport

• /acilitation * other agencies



%reatment

,cientifc

-rofcient

%echnical #ompetence

Detached

Robotic

#old



#are

;arm

%ime

-resence

Kalued

3ccepted

Recognise the person



,cientifc and 3rtistic

3pproaches to



3pproaches tospiritual assessment

• /ormal 1active2

• Inormal1passive2



arriers

• +hysical * sense) loss o ability to communicate+

• nvironmental * lack o privacy) quiet rooms+

• +sychological * ears taboos) our own insecurities)dementia

• conomic * not enough sta) time) money orresources

• ducational - lack o training insight into theconcept

Sills *euired



Sills *euired

• Self Awareness * introspection * we need to reect upon ourselves

identiying our own personal and unique spirituality+

• 'ounselling and interpersonal sills - we need to be able torelate confdently to individuals+

• (rust building - establish a rapport and therapeutic relationshipwith patients+

• on /udgmental 0if this is possible1 be accepting and tolerantacknowledging we are a unique+

• ducation - we need to develop our knowledge and understandingo the concepts o spirituality+

'onclusion



'onclusion

• ,piritual health care is a complex and sub6ective) however

it is central to the notion o holistic practice+

• %here is no authoritative defnition o the term spirituality+

• ,pirituality requires awareness on the health care

proessionals part+

• ,pirituality is not only to be associated with institutionalreligion since it consists o many components+

• (any health care proessionals already possess many othe skills required to take the initiative in dealing withspiritual issues+ ;hat they lack is confdence andeducation+



#omplementary and3lternative !ealing

(odalities



#omplementary and

3lternative %herapies

#omplementary and



#omplementary and3lternative %herapies

• &any people in Ghana are using

complementary and alternative therapies

'C(#) to promote health and assist with

healing from illness



• Nurses should be *nowledgeable about

C(# primarily for three reasons.

• +irst! patients! families! physicians! and

institutions are increasingly e,pecting

practicing nurses to be *nowledgeable

about C(#.



• Second! many nurses are e,panding their

clinical practice by incorporating C(#

• +inally! although C(# may seem totally safe!there are some potentially harmful situations.

+or e,ample! certain herbs may interact with

each other or with pharmaceutical agents!

causing potentially negative effects

Introduction to Complementary



Introduction to Complementary

and Alternative Therapies

• Allopathic Medicine

%'or biomedicine) has been

dominant for about years

% (llopathic medical care is

particularly effective when

aggressive treatment is neededin emergency or acute situations.

ntro uct on to



ntro uct on toComplementary and

Alternative Therapies

• (llopathic medical care has not been

very effective in dealing with chronicillness

• $ncreasingly! C(# are being used as an

/answer0 to the problem of chronicillness.



• &any C(# are based on a theory and

philosophy of holism upon which holistic

nursing also is based.

• &any practitioners and consumers of

healthcare choose to combine allopathic

modalities and C(# using an integrative

approach.



Holism

• is a theory and philosophy that focuses

on connections and interactions between

parts of the whole.



Holism

• 1sing a holistic perspective! all living

organisms! including humans! are

continuously connecting and interactingwith their environment.

• #his continual interaction and change

means that the body is not the sum ofits parts 'as in reductionism)! but that it

is a unified! dynamic whole.



Holism

• ( holistic philosophy underlies many C(#

• ( change in any part of the organism willbe reflected in other parts

• 2olistic nursing is nursing practice built ona holistic philosophy

• 2olistic nurses freuently add C(#s to

their practice



Integrative Care

• 1ses some combination of allopathic

medicine and C(#



CAT and Nursing

• C(# consists of a large variety of

therapies that are based on a set of

beliefs different from those of allopathic

medicine



• Some of these modalities have developed

fairly recently '! guided imagery)!

• 3hile others have been used for

thousands of years as components ofancient healing systems ' (yurveda or

traditional Chinese medicine).



• Some therapies can be used effectively

without assistance 'eg! nutritional

approaches)! while others 'eg!

naturopathy) are more effective whenused with guidance from practitioners who

have particular *nowledge and e,pertise.



• Nurses need to have *nowledge of this

area for at least two reasons.

• &any patients use these types of

therapies as outpatients and want tocontinue their use as much as possible

when they become inpatients



• Second! it is not uncommon for individuals

to retain ethnic healthcare practices

although they reside in the 1nited States



• &any people also use C(# for stress

management

• Stress reduction#echniues such asrela,ation with focused breathing!

meditation! imagery! biofeedbac*! and

massage are used in all stages ofhealth and illness to promote healing

and4or manage symptoms.



• 5ecause stress can contribute to illness!

C(# can sometimes be effective in

reducing symptoms and enhancing uality

of life! and nurses can assist clients withthese therapies



Prevalence of CAT

• #he 66 survey found that 789 of adults

used some type of C(# in the 6 months

before the survey.

• 3hen megavitamin therapy and prayerspecifically for health reasons were

included in the definition of C(#! that

number rose to 869.



Prevalence of CAT

• 3omen than men

• :eople with higher educational levels

• :eople who have been hospitali;ed in the

past year

• +ormer smo*ers! compared with current

smo*ers or those who have never smo*ed



CAT Categories

• 3hole medical systems!

• &ind%body therapies!

• <nergy medicine!

• 5iologically based practices!

• &anipulative and body-based practices.



Whole Medical ystems

• ( whole medical system 'or alternative medicalsystem) consists of a philosophy and theory

about health and illness along with specific types

of treatment.

• #hese systems have developed independently

from allopathic medicine and are generally

culturally based. systems.

<,amples of whole medical



<,amples of whole medical

systems• (yurveda!

• #raditional Chinese medicine!

• Shamanism 'which includes native

traditions)

• 2omeopathy

• Naturopathy• Chiropractic medicine .



Ayurveda

• $t is a science of life that delineates the

diet! medicines! and behaviors that are

beneficial or harmful for life.

• (yurveda considers that balance amongpeople! the environment! and the larger

cosmos is integral to human health0

A d



Ayurveda

• Central to (yurvedic medicine is

understanding the patient=s basic

constitution! or >?S2(

• &any treatment modalities are specific foreach dosha and may include nutrition!

e,ercise! herbs! breathing! meditation!

massage! aromatherapy! and purification.

!



!oga

• @oga /has been practiced for thousands of

years in $ndia!

• 3here it is a way of life that includes

ethical models for behavior and mentaland physical e,ercises aimed at producing

spiritual enlightenment0

N i C id ti



Nursing Considerations

• Some may have special dietary 'eg! vegetarian)needs! some may need time set aside for self-

care such as meditation! and some may desire

to continue ta*ing an herbal4supplement.

• All precautions related to herbal and

pharmaceutical interactions should be

follo"ed "ith Ayurvedic herbal preparations.

T diti l Chi M di i



Traditional Chinese Medicine

• #C& as a healing system is thousands of yearsold.

• ( principle of #C& is that the interaction of

people with their environment is most significantin creating health

• #he concept most central to #C& is or chi'pronounced )! which is translated as energy.

• Ai represents an invisible flow of energy thatcirculates through plants! animals! and peopleas well as the earth and s*y.

• .

PI$ d P3$=



PI$ and P3$=

• Ai is further viewed as either yin or yang energy.

• ?pposites and complementary!

• 2ealth is present when they are in balance in a

person and his or her total environment.• (n imbalance of yin and yang is considered to

be the cause of illness '#able 6B-).

A t



Acupuncture

• Ai is believed to flow vertically in the bodythrough an intricate structure of D6 energy

circuits that nourish and support all cells and

organs of the body

• (cupuncture consists of placing very thin! short!

sterile needles at particular acupoints! believed

to be centers

of nerve and vascular tissue! along a meridian

A t



Acupuncture

• (cupuncture is used for a variety of reasons!including reducing pain! promoting adherence to

substance abuse programs! and minimi;ing

nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy and

pregnancy.

• Eicensed acupuncturists have graduated from

an accredited acupuncture school after

significant college-level coursewor* and passeda licensure e,amination.

h i



hamanism

• $n shamanism! illness and other forms ofdistress are thought to originate in the

spirit world. #he shaman or medicine man4

woman possesses the ability to access thespirit world! which is done on behalf of

individuals or the community! and return to

/ordinary reality0 with information on theproper treatment.

S N ti ( i b li f



Some Native (merican beliefs

• 2ealing ta*es time! and time contributes to

healing.

•#he distractions of modern life interfere withpotential healing agents.

• &odern culture encourages us to maintain a

low level of emotional awareness.

• Ceremony is important to receive guidanceand assistance from the spiritual dimension

H th



Homeopathy

• 2omeopathy is based on the belief ofsupporting the body while the symptoms

are allowed to /run their course.0

• 2omeopaths believe that this processstimulates and strengthens the immune

system and promotes healing

H th



Homeopathy

• 2omeopathic practice is based on twofundamental laws.

• The #a" of imilars states that a natural

substance that produces a given symptom in ahealthy person will cure it in a sic* person.

• The #a" of Infinitesimals states that the

smallest dose possible will have the desired

effect.

N t th



Naturopathy

• is not only a system of medicine but also a wayof life

• <mphasis on client responsibility! client

education! health maintenance! and diseaseprevention.

• $t may be the model health system of the future

with the movement toward healthy lifestyles!

healthy diets! and preventive health care0

Nat ropath



Naturopathy

• Naturopaths believe that health is a dynamicstate of being that provides abundant energy forpeople to deal with life in our comple, society.

• &uch of illness can be attributed! at least in part!to ignoring /natural laws!0 such as engaging in asedentary lifestyle without adeuate time fore,erciseF e,posing oneself to environmentalto,insF eating processed! overcoo*ed foodsF

engaging in negativity or harboring negativethoughtsF and not getting adeuate rest orrela,ation.

Naturopathy



Naturopathy

• #herapies strive to support the self-healingmechanism of the body.

• Naturopaths employ an eclectic group of

modalities! including acupuncture! clinicalnutrition! herbal medicine! hydrotherapy

'therapeutic use of water)! osteopathy

'massage and manipulation)! and #C&.

Chiropractic Medicine




• $nvestigates the relationship between thestructure 'the spine) and function 'mainly

the nervous system) of the human body to

restore and preserve health.





• #he underlying principle is that the functions ofthe body are controlled by the nervous system!mainly 7 pairs of spinal nerves that feed allorgans of the body after branching off the spinal

column.• #he nervous system problem is sometimes

caused by a sublu,ation!. 5y adusting the spinethe oint is brought into proper alignment and the

pressure on the nerve is released.

Mind %ody Modalities



Mind$%ody Modalities

• &ela'ation

• #he ultimate goal is to increase the

parasympathetic system influence in the mind%

body and thus reduce the effect of stress andstress-related illness on the body. several

rela,ation techniues! including autogenic

training! biofeedbac*! body scanning! hypnosis!

meditation! and progressive muscle rela,ation

Hela,ation techniues



Hela,ation techniues

• (utogenic training!

• 5iofeedbac*!

• 5ody scanning!

• 2ypnosis!

• &editation!

• :rogressive &uscle Hela,ation

(uided Imagery



(uided Imagery

• $magery involves using all five senses toimagine an event or body process unfoldingaccording to a plan.

• 3hen all senses are involved in the e,perience!the imaginary situation is more fully encoded inthe body and more li*ely to ta*e place.

• ( rela,ation techniue is freuently used toprepare the mind and body before beginning animagery session.





• . Nurses can wor* with patients using /outcomeimagery!0 which might consist of using a pictureor photograph to visuali;e the desired outcomein a body part or in a situation.

• >uring a painful or stressful event! such as anintravenous line being started! the patient can/go to a favorite place0 and imagine being therewith all the pleasant e,periences related to that

space.

Humor Therapy



Humor Therapy

• (fter watching minutes of &ar, 5rothers'comedians) tapes and /belly-laughing!0

• Sedimentation rates 'a measure of inflammation

in the body) decreased by at least five pointspermanently

• &ore recent research) found that improved

immune response was correlated with

e,periences of /mirthful laughter.0

Aromatherapy



Aromatherapy

• 1se of essential oils of plants to treatsymptoms

• Commonly used essential oils in a

healthcare setting are ginger orpeppermint for nausea and lavender or

chamomile for insomnia

)nergy Medicine Modalities




• (ll organisms are dependent on a subtle vitalforce that creates order in the system

• #his life force feeds and nourishes the organismand is carried via two energetic structures that

interact with each otherI cha*ras and the etheric

body.





• Cha*ras are concentrated areas ofenergy aligned vertically in the body that

relate to each other as well as to specific

areas of the body! mind! and spirit• The etheric body ') consists of at least

seven layers of energy that surround the

body and relate to the cha*ras





• <nergy therapies used for healing arebased on the belief that they can affect

this primary life force and thus contribute

to physiologic healing.

<nergy #herapies



<nergy #herapies

• Therapeutic Touch

• Healing Touch

• ound Healing

%iologically %ased Practices




• 5otanical agents 'herbs) and nutritionalsupplements are chemical compounds

that are ingested with the hope of

achieving a therapeutic goal.• #hey are becoming increasingly popular

with consumers! who can buy many of

these preparations over the counter orfrom company distributors.





• Some consumers and practitioners areattracted to herbs because they are

/natural0 plant products! which are

perceived as more compatible with thebody than manufactured pharmaceutical

agents





• )chinacea and goldenseal 'separately orin combination) are freuently used for

respiratory infections

• (in*go biloba is freuently used to dilatecerebral blood vessels and reduce

symptoms of memory loss and mental

confusion.





• ome herbs and+or supplements mayinteract "ith prescribed medications

patients are ta*ing.

• Gin*go biloba! the most widely sold herbin <urope and used by many to improve

memory! affects platelet function and thus

should not be used concurrently withwarfarin

Manipulative and %ody,%ased



Practices

• #his group of therapies includes therapeuticmassage as well as a variety of techniues such

as Holfing! shiatsu! +elden*rais! (le,ander!

myofascial release! and others.

• #he goal is to brea* up tension held in body

structures! promote communication between

mind%body structures! promote deto,ification!

and generally improve body functioning

&earning outcomes



&earning outcomes

• Describe concepts basic toalternative practices

• =ive examples o healing

environments

new trends in nursing

Documents