NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENT NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

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What ,Why, Who & Where to Develop What ,Why, Who & Where to Develop

New TownsNew Towns

Ian Butter FRICS MRTPIIan Butter FRICS MRTPI

WelcomeWelcome

• Ian Butter• Our Aims• Our Objectives• Intended Outcomes

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Future PopulationFuture Population

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The New Town IdeaThe New Town Idea

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What Are New Towns?What Are New Towns?

• Need to establish at the outset Who and What a New Town is for

• Dormitories• Economic Drivers• Specialist Habitats• All things to all people but master of none?

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When & Why Were They Developed?When & Why Were They Developed?

• Evolution in the UK• Decentralisation to reduce overcrowding• Development of Industry outside of London• A response to post war housing need• The New Towns Act 1946

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HHow Have New Towns Evolved?ow Have New Towns Evolved?

Model Village

Garden Cities

New Towns

Growth Areas

Sustainable Communities- Including Eco Towns

- Market Town Expansion

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Model Villages

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Garden Cities MovementGarden Cities Movement

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What is a Garden CityWhat is a Garden City

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Garden Suburbs tooGarden Suburbs too

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New Towns in the UK

Growth PointsGrowth Points

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Short-Listed Eco TownsShort-Listed Eco Towns

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An Urban & Rural ContextAn Urban & Rural Context

• Industrial Revolution - Rural to Urban• Social Revolution - Urban to Rural• Economic Revolution - Rural to Urban again• Technological Revolution - ?

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It’s Not all about the Cities thoughIt’s Not all about the Cities though

• Rural hinterland is vital• An economic driver of its own• Agriculture • Water• Nature• Business• Sustaining a diverse society/economy

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What and Where is Rural?What and Where is Rural?

RURAL

URBAN

What do we mean by Rural/Countryside?What do we mean by Rural/Countryside?

• Anywhere that is not Urban?• The UK position• Farmland, Natural Environment or

Playground?• The Social/Cultural divides

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DefinitionsDefinitions

• ONS Definition introduced in 2004:

- Settlements over 10,000 people are urban

- Settlements under 10,000 are ‘town and fringe’, ‘villages’ or ‘hamlets and isolated

dwellings’

- settlements are further split between ‘sparse’ or ‘less sparse’

- Defining Rural England (Commission for Rural Communities – 2007)

Urban or Rural?Urban or Rural?

Marlborough, Wiltshire: Population 2013 – 18,060

Pressures on the CityPressures on the City

• Inward migration from the countryside• Overloaded Infrastructure• Us and Them culture• Development positively encouraged

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Pressures on the CountrysidePressures on the Countryside

• Rural De-population • Outward Migration from Cities• Imposition on Traditional Agricultural Society• Us and Them culture• Limited Infrastructure/Housing to cope• Countryside Positively Protected from New

Development• New Towns tried to take the strain

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A Living, Working CountrysideA Living, Working Countryside• Lord Taylor Review (2008)• The planning system has a crucial role to play to promote and

deliver sustainable communities – ensuring development occurs in the right place at the right time and makes a positive contribution people’s lives, - providing homes, jobs, opportunity and enhancing people’s quality of life.

• It must simultaneously protect and enhance the natural and historic environment and conserve the countryside and open spaces that are important to everyone.

• Without change we simply repeat the mistakes of recent decades, creating unattractive developments encircling rural towns and villages whist failing to stem the dormitory settlement trend. This is not a sustainable future.

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Partnership for Sustainable Communities - Guiding Livability Principles

• Provide more transportation choices• Promote equitable, affordable housing• Enhance economic competitiveness• Support existing communities• Coordinate and leverage Public policies and

investment• Value communities and neighborhoods

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Jacob Zuma - President of the Republic of South Africa State of the Nation Report 2009

As part of social infrastructure development we will provide suitably located and affordable housing and decent human settlements.

We will proceed from the understanding that human settlement is not just about building houses.

It is about transforming our cities and towns and building cohesive, sustainable and caring communities with closer access to work and social amenities, including sports and recreation facilities.

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TIME FOR A BREAK

Next session Commences

11:00

New Towns Worldwide New Towns Worldwide

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A map of new towns built since 1990, using data collected from the International New Town Institute

Celebration, USACelebration, USA

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Poundbury - UKPoundbury - UK

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St Charles, Missouri -2005St Charles, Missouri -2005

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St Charles, Missouri -2007St Charles, Missouri -2007

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St Charles, MissouriSt Charles, Missouri

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NairobiNairobi

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Songdo – South KoreaSongdo – South Korea

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Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia

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Lavasa - IndiaLavasa - India

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Luodian New Town - China

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Sweden Town in Luodian

Bay City – Metro ManilaBay City – Metro Manila

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Solar City – Metro ManilaSolar City – Metro Manila

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The Philippines ContextThe Philippines Context

• Socio-Economic Drivers• Migration Trends• The National Land Use Act• Comprehensive Land Use Plans• Environmental Imperatives

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Socio-Economic DriversSocio-Economic Drivers

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Philippines 2013 - 98,734,798 millionManila City - 1,660,714mQuezon City - 2,679,450mMetropolitan Manila - 11,553,427m

Source: World Population Review

Migration TrendsMigration Trends

• > 60% of Philippines population live in cities• This figure expected to rise to 70% by 2020• 25 million (25% of the entire Philippines population) live in

the Greater Manila area at densities on average of 700 people per sq km

• Manila reportedly highest population density in the world• 10 Philippine Cities are in the top 50 most densely populated• -1.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)

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Pressures on the CitiesPressures on the Cities

• Paracitism• Slum Growth• Exceeding carrying capacity of Infrastructure

and services• Subsequent Pollution• Policy Vacuum• Polarity of Self-interest groups

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Urban Planning in the PhilippinesUrban Planning in the Philippines

• Decentralised Approach• Comprehensive Development Strategy (CDS)• Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUP)• City Development Plans• Plans Focussed on:

• Economic Development• Environmental Sustainability• Metropolitan Integration

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Pasig River RehabilitationPasig River Rehabilitation

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National Land Use Act National Land Use Act

• First Filed in 1992• Aim – to introduce a National Land Use Policy• To implement mechanisms to rationalise the management

and development of land resources• Ensure optimum use consistent with Sustainable

Development• Creation of Land Use Policy Council – Tasked with formulation

of ‘National Land Use Guidelines and Zoning Standards (NLUGZS)

• To set the framework for planning and land management at the national & sub-regional levels

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The 4 Land UsesThe 4 Land Uses

• Protection Land Use• Production Land Use• Settlements Development• Infrastructure Development

• Concerns over lack of flexibility

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Environmental ImperativesEnvironmental Imperatives

• Protection of Agricultural Land• Protection of Fresh Water Resources• Protection of scarce natural habitats/environments• Residential Locations away from Flood Risk Zones• Adequate foul drainage provision and treatment• Reduction in carbon generation of energy

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Key Themes 1 – Evolving the strategyKey Themes 1 – Evolving the strategy

• Delivery of New Towns – Who is responsible• How is land Ownership Established/Resolved• Financing New Towns• New Town Governance - Who is in Charge?• Economic Achievement & Competitiveness

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Delivery of New Towns – Delivery of New Towns – Who is responsible?Who is responsible?

• Central Government• Regional/Local Government• Development Corporations• Companies/Developers

• Which would be best?

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How can land Ownership issues be How can land Ownership issues be Established/Resolved?Established/Resolved?

• Central Dictate / Land Expropriation• Compulsory Purchase• Market Acquisition and Sale

• Land Rights• Cultural/Historic Claims

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Financing New TownsFinancing New Towns

• Central Government• Regional / Local Government• Corporate/Private Investment• Investment Capital Assessment• SLIC’s• CIL• De-risking

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Public Private PartnershipsPublic Private Partnerships

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New Town Governance - Who Should be in New Town Governance - Who Should be in Charge?Charge?

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• From the Outset?

• During Development?

• For the Future?

Economic Achievement, Competitiveness Economic Achievement, Competitiveness and Other Beneficial Outcomesand Other Beneficial Outcomes

• How Does This Happen• Revenue Returns• Health, Happiness, Security

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Time to Break for Lunch

Workshop resumes at 14:00

Key Themes 2 – Implementing the Strategy

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• Creating Communities• Physical Environment and Design• End User Requirements• Long Term Sustainability

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Creating CommunitiesCreating Communities

• What do we mean by Community?• The Need for Masterplanning• Community planning or competitive

competition?• Range and Mix of Uses• Facilities for all• Where will people work?• Accessibility

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Physical Environment and DesignPhysical Environment and Design

• Everyone wants high quality design?• A strong identity• Attractive and useful open spaces with

excellent landscaping• Elegant and efficient buildings• Establishing criteria for scheme assessment

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Should the Car be King?Should the Car be King?

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Do we need Green Spaces?Do we need Green Spaces?

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Build High or Stay Low?Build High or Stay Low?

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Tin Shui Wai New Town - Japan

Low Rise – High Density

NeighbourhoodsNeighbourhoods

• Should there be a consistent design theme throughout?

• Should you allow for cultural differences?• Socially Mix or Clearly Defined • Where do People Work?

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TIME FOR A BREAK

Next session Commences

15:45

Changing Population DynamicsChanging Population Dynamics

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Changing Population DynamicsChanging Population Dynamics

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Resiliant CitiesResiliant Cities

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Long Term SustainabilityLong Term Sustainability

• Adaptable / Flexible to Growth• Responsive to Climate Change• Developing Resiliance

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Strategic Aims and Objectives - Strategic Aims and Objectives - for the Philippinesfor the Philippines

• Who Should Initiate the New Town Programme

• Where Should New Towns be Built• Key Development Criteria• Living/Working/Playing• Opportunities & Constraints• Marginalisation and Exclusion• Identifying & Resolving Conflicts

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Introducing the Smarter CityIntroducing the Smarter City

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The Honey Pot EffectThe Honey Pot Effect

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ChicagoChicago

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Barriers to ProgressBarriers to Progress

• Constrained demand from cities for smart initiatives• Business models for rolling out smart technologies

are still underdeveloped• Cities lack technology-related skills and capacity• Cities find it difficult to work across departments and

boundaries• Cities have limited influence over some basic services• Concerns about data privacy, security and value• Increasing citizen take up and participation is difficult

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Thank You and See you Tomorrow at 09:00

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