New Patterns of Civilizations: (400 AD to 1500)

Islamic World, Africa, Asia, Americas, and Europe

Chapter 1, Lesson 2

WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTED TO

THE EMERGENCE OF CIVILIZATIONS

BEFORE MODERN TIMES?

Essential Question:

The Arab Empire •  Muhammad founded the religion of Islam.

• Empire spread throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain.

• The Arab Empire was ruled from Damascus (Syria) by the Umayyad dynasty.

• Then from Baghdad (Iraq) by the Abbasid dynasty.

• Abbasid Dynasty was weakened by the Seljuk Turks, then it was conquered by the Mongols in 1258.

Arab Empire

Islamic symbol

The Star & Crescent The Star & Crescent MoonMoon

Star and Crescent Moon Star and Crescent Moon on many Islamic on many Islamic nation’s flags.nation’s flags.

The Religion of Islam

The religion is called The religion is called IslamIslam..

People who practice Islam are People who practice Islam are called called MuslimsMuslims. .

Muhammad: Prophet of Islam

Prophet Prophet = messenger of God.= messenger of God.

Muhammad –born in 570 AD. Muhammad –born in 570 AD.

Liked to go off by himself and pray in Liked to go off by himself and pray in the desert.the desert.

He heard the voice of the angel Gabriel He heard the voice of the angel Gabriel telling him to proclaim the one true God.telling him to proclaim the one true God.

Prior to Muhammad this area of the world was divided and worshiped many gods.

AllahAllahAllah: name of : name of God to Muslims.God to Muslims.

You will never see You will never see an image of Allah. an image of Allah. Muslims believe Muslims believe that He does not that He does not resemble any resemble any other form in other form in creation in any creation in any way.”way.”

The Qur’an

Holy Book of IslamHoly Book of Islam

Written in ArabicWritten in Arabic

Muslims believe that Muslims believe that Allah revealed the Allah revealed the Qur’an to Muhammad.Qur’an to Muhammad.

The Qur’an has the The Qur’an has the rules Muslims live by.rules Muslims live by.

The Five Pillars of Islam

1. Faith: There is only one God, and 1. Faith: There is only one God, and Muhammad is the ProphetMuhammad is the Prophet

2. Prayer: Five times a day2. Prayer: Five times a day

3. Sharing: All Muslims pay a tax to help the 3. Sharing: All Muslims pay a tax to help the poorpoor

4. Fasting: Not eating or drinking during daylight 4. Fasting: Not eating or drinking during daylight during the month of during the month of RamadanRamadan

5. Pilgrimage (Hajj): All Muslims want to make a 5. Pilgrimage (Hajj): All Muslims want to make a pilgrimage to the Holy City of Mecca once in pilgrimage to the Holy City of Mecca once in their lifetimes.their lifetimes.

Practices of IslamMuslims pray 5 Muslims pray 5 times a daytimes a day

A Mosque

A A mosquemosque is the is the place of worship place of worship for Muslims.for Muslims.

The Hajj: The pilgrimage to Mecca

Kabba—a cube looking building, Islam’s most sacred mosque. Located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Activity • After copying notes, read pages 47-49.

• Using the information you have read and the notes you took in class to create an informative brochure about the religion of Islam.

• Include basic information, 5 categories (Islam definition, Five Pillars, Quran, Hajj, etc. ).

• Also, include illustrations that can easily explain the religion and the Muslims' beliefs.

Islamic Trade Routes

• Empire prosperity came from an extensive trade network with China, India, and Byzantine Empire. ( Islamic “golden web”)

• The Arab empire absorbed the cultures of conquered peoples.• They brought laws and written language to some of the

conquered societies.

Islamic Contributions • They made advances in mathematics,

medicine, and astronomy.

• Created great works of literature, art, and architecture.

• Muslim scholars preserved the work of ancient Indian and Greek thinkers and added to this knowledge before passing it on to the Europeans in later centuries.

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