new partnering to improve early detection of marine pest threats · 2019. 6. 5. · perna viridis...
TRANSCRIPT
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Partnering to improve early detection of marine pest threats
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Marine pests
• Significant environmental, economic and social impacts
• Can travel long distances as biofouling or in ballast water
• Can travel long distances on floating debris
= an un-manageable pathway
• Once established are extremely difficult to eradicate
Prevention and early detection and intervention provide the best chance for control or eradication
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Marine pest prevention and preparedness
project
• Move from responsive management to proactive protection
• Improve marine biosecurity capability and capacity in Queensland
• Key deliverables:
‒ Education and awareness
‒ Marine pest emergency response exercise
‒ Port-based marine pest surveillance pilot program
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Queensland ports marine pest surveillance
pilot program
• Started out as a concept for development at one port
• Queensland port authorities all wanted to be involved
• Now implementing the program at:
‒ Brisbane – Port of Brisbane
‒ Gladstone – Gladstone Ports Corporation
‒ Mackay – North Queensland Bulk Ports
‒ Townsville – Port of Townsville
‒ Cairns – Ports North
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Pilot program development
• WA State-wide Array Surveillance Program (SWASP)
• Traditional methods v modern molecular approach
Molecular techniques‒ No need for visual taxonomic identification‒ Robust, easier, faster, cheaper, safer‒ More accurate - able to detect cryptic species, small life-stages and species in low abundance‒ Ability to detect species earlier
• Worked closely with WA colleagues and Qld port authorities
• Ports expectations for the program
‒ Simple‒ Effective‒ Scalable/Adaptable – not overly prescriptive‒ Achievable‒ Affordable
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Target speciesSpecies Habitat
Colonising substrate
SpawnPlanktoniclarval stage
Asian green musselPerna viridis
Mid-intertidal to subtidal
Any artificialsurfaces
Annually 14-21 d (2-3 w)
Asian bag mussel Arcuatula senhousia
Intertidal to 20 m
Softsediments, hard substrates
Autumn 45-55 d (6-7 w)
Black-striped mussel Mytilopsis sallei
Shallow & intertidal
Vertical surfaces
Autumn/ winter
Few days only
Brown mussel Perna perna
Subtidal & lowshoreline
Hard rocky substrates
Winter 10-12 d (1-2 w)
Chinese mitten crabEriocheir sinensis
River banks & shallowcoast
Muddysediments
Autumn/ winter. Eggs hatch in summer
Zoea 2-8 weeks
Harris’ mud crab Rhithropanopeusharrisii
Subtidalestuaries
Shelteredstructures, sandy/muddy
Summer 16 d (2 w)
Japanese seaweed Undaria pinnatifidia
Tidal zone to 15 m
Any hard surface
Spring/ Summer
11-43 d (2-6 w)
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Target speciesSpecies Habitat
Colonising substrate
SpawnPlanktoniclarval stage
Asian green musselPerna viridis
Mid-intertidal to subtidal
Any artificialsurfaces
Annually 14-21 d (2-3 w)
Asian bag mussel Arcuatula senhousia
Intertidal to 20 m
Softsediments, hard substrates
Autumn 45-55 d (6-7 w)
Black-striped mussel Mytilopsis sallei
Shallow & intertidal
Vertical surfaces
Autumn/ winter
Few days only
Brown mussel Perna perna
Subtidal & lowshoreline
Hard rocky substrates
Winter 10-12 d (1-2 w)
Chinese mitten crabEriocheir sinensis
River banks & shallowcoast
Muddysediments
Autumn/ winter. Eggs hatch in summer
Zoea 2-8 weeks
Harris’ mud crab Rhithropanopeusharrisii
Subtidalestuaries
Shelteredstructures, sandy/muddy
Summer 16 d (2 w)
Japanese seaweed Undaria pinnatifidia
Tidal zone to 15 m
Any hard surface
Spring/ Summer
11-43 d (2-6 w)
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Target speciesSpecies Habitat
Colonising substrate
SpawnPlanktoniclarval stage
Asian green musselPerna viridis
Mid-intertidal to subtidal
Any artificialsurfaces
Annually 14-21 d (2-3 w)
Asian bag mussel Arcuatula senhousia
Intertidal to 20 m
Softsediments, hard substrates
Autumn 45-55 d (6-7 w)
Black-striped mussel Mytilopsis sallei
Shallow & intertidal
Vertical surfaces
Autumn/ winter
Few days only
Brown mussel Perna perna
Subtidal & lowshoreline
Hard rocky substrates
Winter 10-12 d (1-2 w)
Chinese mitten crabEriocheir sinensis
River banks & shallowcoast
Muddysediments
Autumn/ winter. Eggs hatch in summer
Zoea 2-8 weeks
Harris’ mud crab Rhithropanopeusharrisii
Subtidalestuaries
Shelteredstructures, sandy/muddy
Summer 16 d (2 w)
Japanese seaweed Undaria pinnatifidia
Tidal zone to 15 m
Any hard surface
Spring/ Summer
11-43 d (2-6 w)
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Surveillance methodologiesSettlement arrays
‒ Targets settling species‒ 2 - 4 arrays per port‒ 8 plates per array and spat ropes‒ 2 month soak time
Plankton tows‒ Captures early life stages and non-settling species‒ Captures living biota and fragments of organisms DNA‒ Concentrates samples from large volumes of water
Shoreline searches‒ Focused on known deposition sites
Two seasonal surveillance events
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Port specific considerations
• Surveillance site selection‒ Proximity to high risk vectors‒ Access/Security‒ Ease of deployment and retrieval‒ Safety
• Environmental conditions‒ Currents‒ Tides‒ Shelter from physical disturbance
• Resources‒ People and time‒ Financial
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Molecular detection
• DNA‒ Biofouling on plates or plankton‒ Detect cryptic species and species at low abundance‒ Detect specimens too small to identify visually‒ DNA is relatively stable
• Environmental DNA (eDNA)‒ Plankton tows‒ Detect cryptic species and species at low abundance‒ Detect any life stage of a species (that may not
be detected using other traditional methods)‒ Samples more sensitive to degradation
(preservation and handling important) DNA barcoding
Laboratory
DNA eDNA
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Molecular diagnostic techniques
qPCR
‒ Rapid and cost effective‒ Identifies targeted species only‒ Highly specific and sensitive
detection‒ Cheaper than metabarcoding‒ Limited suppliers with validated
marine pest assays
Metabarcoding
‒ Uses next generation sequencing (NGS)‒ Provides DNA sequences for all organisms in
the sample‒ Enables screening for more species – not
just target species‒ Requires reference library of sequences‒ Provides rapid biodiversity assessment‒ Can’t always get resolution to species level
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Molecular diagnostics - considerations• Sample integrity – quantity of DNA in sample, collection and preservation methods
• Limited research on detection rates and optimal sampling methods for marine pest surveillance
• Commercial laboratories with capability are scarce
• Application of techniques to new geographical locations involves some risk
• Closely related species may interfere – requires validated genetic sequence libraries
Approach in the event of a positive detection
• A positive detection does not signify incursion but indicates risk
• A stepwise, triage approach will be adopted for interpretation of results
• Follow-up investigations may be required
• “No-panic” response
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Marine Biosecurity – Get on board
Looking beyond the pilot project
• The program will be reviewed, refined and improved
• A consistent and coordinated approach to marine pest monitoring for Queensland ports
• Port operators have the capability to continue marine pest surveillance activities
• Marine biosecurity becomes part of business as usual for port operators
• Marine pest biosecurity will be jointly delivered and managed to achieve best outcomes
• Reduced risk of potentially devastating impacts from invasive marine pests
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Acknowledgements
• Carolyn Trewin – Biosecurity Queensland• Paul Doyle – North Queensland Bulk Ports/Queensland Ports Association • Dr Justin McDonald – WA DPIRD• Dan Pedersen – Pilbara Ports• Craig Wilson and Nadene Perry – Port of Brisbane• Megan Ellis – Gladstone Ports Corporation• Melinda Louden and Alana Obrien – Port of Townsville• Nicola Stokes and Kevin Kane – North Queensland Bulk Ports• Adam Fletcher – Ports North
Thank you