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Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report
Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program L384-AW-REP-10207
Prepared for INPEX
November 2015
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report
Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program L384-AW-REP-10207
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno ii
Document Information
Prepared for INPEX
Project Name Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
File Reference L384-AW-REP-10207_0_Subtidal Benthos Post Dredging Report.docm
Job Reference L384-AW-REP-10207
Date November 2015
Contact Information
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Document Control
Version Date Author Author Initials
Reviewer Reviewer Initials
A 16/10/2015 Kate Reeds KR Christopher Holloway CGH
B 3/11/2015 Kate Reeds KR Christopher Holloway CGH
0 5/11/2015 Kate Reeds KR Christopher Holloway CGH
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Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
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Executive Summary
A Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Program (SBMP) has been developed to detect potential changes in infaunal
and epibenthic assemblages living in subtidal, soft sediment habitats and infer whether any changes
observed are a result of dredging and spoil disposal activities associated with the Ichthys LNG Project (the
Project) in Darwin Harbour. The SBMP investigates potential effects of the Project on soft sediment infauna
and epifauna in Darwin Harbour Inner and Darwin Outer.
This report outlines the findings of the SBMP Post Dredging (P1) survey (24 July 2015 to 28 July 2015) for
Darwin Outer and aims to address the potential impacts of spoil disposal on soft sediment assemblages
following completion of the Project.
Dredging and associated spoil disposal in East Arm (EA) and along the Gas Export Pipeline (GEP) was
completed on 11 June 2014 and 12 July 2014 respectively. The total volume of material approved to be
dredged and placed within the Spoil Disposal Area (SDA) was approximately 16.7 Mm3.
The SBMP involved sampling of infaunal and epibenthic assemblages over four Phases; Baseline (B1; May
2012 to July 2012), Dredging (D1; May 2013 to July 2013), End of Dredging (EoD; July 2014 to August
2014) and Post Dredging (P1; July 2015). At Darwin Outer, surveys were conducted during B1, D1 and P1
only.
Spoil disposal activities at Darwin Outer were expected to have direct impacts on subtidal infauna and
epifauna via direct placement of sediment and consequent smothering and burial within the SDA. Through
suspension and deposition of finer sediment particles mobilised during spoil disposal, there was also
potential for indirect affects to assemblages beyond the SDA within the Zone of Influence Near (ZoIN) and
Zone of Influence Far (ZoIF) delineated on the basis of modelled turbidity plumes.
The specific aim of this Post Dredging (P1) survey (July 2015) was also to assess the extent of recovery in
relation to spoil disposal at the SDA by comparing the abundance and taxonomic richness of infauna and
epifauna assemblages with that measured in the previous Baseline (B1) and during Dredging (D1) surveys.
Overall, results have shown that the distribution of epibenthic fauna and flora at locations throughout Darwin
Outer was relatively sparse and patchy during all phases of the SBMP, although a variety of taxa (including
sponges, hydroids, bryozoans, ascidians, macroalgae, gorgonians and corals) were recorded within the
SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF. Approximately 13 months following completion of spoil disposal, there did not appear
to have been any net effects on the percent cover of epifauna at any of the locations surveyed within Darwin
Outer.
In terms of benthic infauna, the overall temporal and spatial patterns of abundance, taxon richness and
assemblage composition observed indicated that as expected, spoil disposal within the SDA did have a
significant impact on the infaunal assemblage as measured during D1. Within the SDA, the changes in
median grain size and percent composition of fines also support the hypothesis of smothering and burial via
spoil placement being the main cause and effect pathway impacting benthic infauna. However, following
completion of spoil disposal, there has also been significant recovery in both the abundance and taxon
richness of these indicators back to baseline levels. Based on the locations monitored, these results also
indicated that the impacts observed were limited to within the boundaries of the SDA and did not have any
indirect net effects on benthic assemblages within the ZoIN and ZoIF.
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Glossary
Term or Acronym Definition
B1 Baseline Phase survey (May 2012 to July 2012)
Benthic Living on or in the seabed
Benthos The collection of organisms attached to or resting on
the bottom sediments (i.e. epifauna) and those which
burrow into the sediments (i.e. infauna)
BHD Backhoe Dredger
Bioturbation The stirring or mixing of sediment or soil by organisms,
especially by burrowing or boring
Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices Matrices of dissimilarity between samples in the types
and relative abundance of species/substrata type
C1 Control Location 1
C2 Control Location 2
CoC Chain of Custody
CPCe Coral Point Count with Excel extensions
CSD Cutter Suction Dredger
D1 Dredging survey 1 (May 2013 to July 2013)
DSDMP Dredging and Spoil Disposal Management Plan
EA East Arm
EoD End of Dredging Survey (06 July 2014 to 07 August
2014)
EPA Environment Protection Approval
Epifauna Animals that live on the surface of the seabed
GEP Gas Export Pipeline
GPS Global Positioning System
Infauna Aquatic animals living within the sediment
IBMP Intertidal Benthos Monitoring Program
Intertidal The portion of shoreline between low and high tide
marks, that is intermittently submerged
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Term or Acronym Definition
LAT Lowest Astronomical Tide
Macrofauna Organisms associated with sediment and retained in a
sieve of 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm
Macrotidal Applied to coastal areas where the tidal range is in
excess of 4 m. Tidal currents dominate the processes
active in macrotidal areas
MOF Module Offloading Facility
NATA National Association of Testing Authorities Australia
NEMP Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Plan
ORP (mV) Oxidation Reduction Potential; a measure of a water
systems capacity to release or gain electrons in
chemical reactions
P1 Post Dredging survey 1 (July 2015)
PCoA, PCA Principle Coordinates Analysis; Principal Components
Analysis
PERMDISP Test for homogeneity of dispersions
PERMANOVA+ Permutational Analysis of Variance
pH pH gives an indication of the acidity or alkalinity of a
solution by its ability to gain or lose hydrogen ions
PSD Particle Size Distribution
SBMP Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Program
SDA Spoil Disposal Area
SE Standard Error
SIMPER Similarity Percentage Analysis
SP Separable Portion
Subtidal Waters below the low-tide mark
Taxon (plural taxa) The named taxonomic unit to which individuals, or sets
of species, are assigned (e.g. genus, species, family
etc.)
TSHD Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger
TSS Total Suspended Solids
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Term or Acronym Definition
Turbidity Turbidity gives an indication of water clarity
WDL Waste Discharge Licence
WQSSMP Water Quality and Subtidal Sedimentation Monitoring
Program
ZoHI Zone of High Impact
ZoI Zone of Influence
ZoMI Zone of Moderate Impact
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Table of Contents
Executive Summary iii
Glossary iv
1 Introduction 1
Background 1
Requirement to Monitor Subtidal Benthos 1
Results of Baseline Phase Survey (B1) 2
Results of Dredging Phase Survey (D1) 3
Results of End of Dredging Phase Survey (EoD) 3
Aims and Objectives 4
2 Methodology 5
Sampling Locations 5
Survey Schedule 5
Sampling Design 7
Field Methodology 8
2.4.1 Epibenthic Habitats 8
2.4.2 Benthic Infauna 8
2.4.3 Particle Size Distribution (PSD) 8
2.4.4 pH 8
2.4.5 Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) 8
Laboratory Methodology 10
2.5.1 Epibenthic Habitats 10
2.5.2 Benthic Infauna 12
2.5.3 Particle Size Distribution 12
Statistical and Analytical Methodology 12
2.6.1 General Findings 12
2.6.2 Multivariate Analyses 12
2.6.3 Univariate Analyses 13
2.6.4 Relating Physical and Biological Variables 13
Quality Control Procedures 13
2.7.1 Field 13
2.7.2 Laboratory 13
2.7.3 Data Processing 14
3 Dredging Operations 15
4 Results 17
Epibenthic Habitats and Assemblages 17
4.1.1 General Findings 17
4.1.2 Analyses of Habitat Characteristics 20
4.1.3 Analyses of Epibenthic Assemblages 22
Infauna 24
4.2.1 General Findings 24
4.2.2 Analyses of Abundance 29
4.2.3 Analyses of Taxon Richness 33
4.2.4 Analyses of Assemblages 37
4.2.5 Analyses of Populations 40
Particle Size Distribution 43
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4.3.1 Mean Percentage Contribution 43
4.3.2 Median Particle Size 48
4.3.3 Percentage Contribution of Fines 51
pH 54
ORP 57
Relationship of Physical and Biological Variables 60
5 Discussion 61
Epibenthic Habitats 61
Infauna 61
Physical Indicators 62
6 Conclusion 64
7 Acknowledgements 65
8 References 66
Tables
Table 2-1 Dates of subtidal benthos monitoring surveys for B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013), EoD (July 2014 to August 2014) and P1 (July 2015) 5
Table 2-2 Sampling design for the P1 survey for Darwin Outer 7
Table 2-3 List of the categories and codes for epibenthic habitat analysis 11
Table 3-1 EA dredge footprint summary 15
Table 4-1 Mean percentage cover of subtidal epifauna and habitats recorded at locations in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) 18
Table 4-2 PERMANOVA results of epibenthic habitat characteristics for the B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) surveys. Significant results in bold, RED = Redundant term 21
Table 4-3 PERMANOVA results for epibenthic assemblages for the B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) surveys. Significant results in bold, RED = Redundant term 22
Table 4-4 Abundance and taxon richness of subtidal infauna assemblages collected during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) 25
Table 4-5 PERMANOVA results for infaunal abundance for the B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) surveys. Significant results in bold, RED = Redundant term. 29
Table 4-6 Mean infaunal abundance (± SE) at sites in the SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=5) 30
Table 4-7 PERMANOVA results for infauna taxon richness for the B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015). Significant results in bold, RED = Redundant term. 33
Table 4-8 Mean infaunal abundance (± SE) at sites in the SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=5) 34
Table 4-9 PERMANOVA results for infaunal assemblages for the B1 (May 2012 to July 2013), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015). Significant results in bold, RED = Redundant term. 39
Table 4-10 Mean percentage contribution and median grain size collected during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=2) 45
Table 4-11 Mean pH (± SE) for locations sampled during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=7) 54
Table 4-12 Mean ORP (± SE) for locations sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=7) 57
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Figures
Figure 2-1 Darwin Outer sampling Locations, including: Spoil Disposal Area (SDA), Zone of Influence Near (ZoIN), Zone of Influence Far (ZoIF) and Control locations (C1 and C2) 6
Figure 2-2 Images of: a) remote drop camera frame and housing; b) Ponar benthic grab sampler; and; c) pH and ORP measurement probes 9
Figure 2-3 Screenshot of the CPCe photoquadrat analyses frame with a virtual 64 point random stratified grid overlayed 10
Figure 3-1 EA and GEP dredging footprint 16
Figure 4-1 Photographs of representative epibenthic flora, fauna and habitats identified from Darwin Outer during P1 (July 2015) 19
Figure 4-2 Principle Coordinates Analyses (PCoA) of epibenthic habitat characteristics sampled during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015). 21
Figure 4-3 Principle Coordinates Analyses (PCoA) of epibenthic habitat characteristics sampled during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) 23
Figure 4-4 Percentage contribution of subtidal infauna abundance and taxa richness for major taxonomic groups collected at all sites in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) 26
Figure 4-5 Photomicrographs of numerically abundant subtidal infauna taxa identified during P1 (July 2015) Crustaceans: a) Aoridae group, b) Apseudidae and c) Ampeliscidae; Polychaetes d) Spionidae; e) Ampharetidae f) Syllidae; g) Glyceridae; h) Nematode 27
Figure 4-6 Photomicrographs of other representative subtidal infauna taxa identified during P1 (July 2015) Crustaceans: a) Callianassidae and Leucosiidae b); Polychaetes: c) Sabellidae and d) Eunicidae; Molluscs: e) Nuculidae and Olividae f); Echinoderm: g) Class Crinoidea; Cnidarian: h) Order Actiniaria 28
Figure 4-7 Mean abundance (± SE) for infauna samples collected at locations from Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=6) 31
Figure 4-8 Mean abundance (± SE) for infauna samples collected at sites from Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=5) 32
Figure 4-9 Mean taxon richness (± SE) for infauna samples collected at locations from Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=6). 35
Figure 4-10 Mean taxon richness (± SE) for infauna samples collected at sites from Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=5) 36
Figure 4-11 Principal Coordinates Analyses (PCoA) of infaunal assemblages sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) 39
Figure 4-12 Mean abundance (± SE) of infaunal families sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) contributing to 5% or more to dissimilarities between and within Phases at the scale of Location (n=6). 41
Figure 4-13 Mean abundance (± SE) of infaunal families sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) contributing to 5% or more to dissimilarities between and within Phases at the scale of Site (n=5) 42
Figure 4-14 Mean PSD of sediment samples collected at sites in Darwin Outer during the P1 survey (July 2015) (n=2) 44
Figure 4-15 Mean median sediment particle size (mm) (± SE) for samples collected at locations in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) 49
Figure 4-16 Mean median sediment particle size (mm) (± SE) for samples collected at sites in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=2). 50
Figure 4-17 Mean percentage contribution of fines (silt and clay <0.06 mm) ± SE sampled at locations in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=6) 52
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Figure 4-18 Mean percentage contribution of fines (silt and clay <0.06 mm) (± SE) for samples at sites in Darwin Outer collected during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=2) 53
Figure 4-19 Mean pH (± SE) for locations sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=6). 55
Figure 4-20 Mean pH (± SE) for sites sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=7). No data at Site 3 (SDA) 56
Figure 4-21 Mean ORP (± SE) for sites sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=7) 58
Figure 4-22 Mean ORP (± SE) for sites sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=7) 59
Figure 4-23 Distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) ordination of infauna assemblage data compared with median grain size, percent fines and ORP for B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015). 60
Appendices
Appendix A Field Data
Appendix B CPCe Habitat Descriptions
Appendix C CPCe Summary Data
Appendix D CPCe Summary Graphs
Appendix E PERMANOVA Results
Appendix F Pairwise Test Results
Appendix G SIMPER Results
Appendix H PERMDISP Results
Appendix I Infauna Raw Data
Appendix J PSD Raw Data
Appendix K DIST LM Results
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1 Introduction
Background
INPEX is the operator of the Ichthys LNG Project (the Project). The Project comprises the development of
offshore production facilities at the Ichthys Field in the Browse Basin, some 820 km west-south-west of
Darwin, an 889 km long subsea gas export pipeline (GEP) and an onshore processing facility and product
loading jetty at Bladin Point on Middle Arm Peninsula in Darwin Harbour. To support the nearshore
infrastructure at Bladin Point, dredging works were carried out to extend safe shipping access from near East
Arm Wharf to the new product loading facilities at Bladin Point, which will be supported by piles driven into
the sediment. A trench has also been dredged to seat and protect the GEP for the Darwin Harbour portion of
its total length. A detailed description of the dredging and spoil disposal methodology used is provided in
Section 2 of the East Arm (EA) Dredging and Spoil Disposal Management Plan (DSDMP Rev 4) (INPEX
2013) and GEP DSDMP Rev 6 (INPEX 2014).
Requirement to Monitor Subtidal Benthos
The EA dredging works comprised the approved removal of 16.1 Mm3 of material. The dredged material
was disposed of at an offshore spoil disposal area (SDA) located approximately 12 km north-west of Lee
Point. In Darwin Harbour Inner, dredging activities were expected to have direct impacts on subtidal infauna
and epifauna via direct removal within the dredge footprint (Zone of High Impact (ZoHI)). Through re-
suspension and deposition of finer sediment particles mobilised during dredging operations, there is also
potential for impacts to infaunal and epifaunal assemblages beyond the dredge footprint in the Zone of
Moderate Impact (ZoMI) and Zone of Influence (ZoI), delineated on the basis of predicted sediment
deposition and turbidity plumes. The methodology provided in the EA DSDMP Rev 4 (INPEX 2013) along
with the model predictions for the ZoMI and ZoI (Section 6.5.1 of the EA DSDMP) guided the development of
the Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Program (SBMP).
The SBMP investigates benthic assemblages of infauna (aquatic animals that live within the soft sediments
of the seabed) and epifauna (animals that live on the surface of the seabed), within the subtidal benthic
habitats in Darwin Harbour and the nearshore coastal environment at the SDA. The infaunal component
focused on macrofauna, which are classified as animals that are retained on a 0.5 mm mesh sieve. This
group comprises the vast majority of biomass found in benthic soft sediments (Schwinghamer 1981). In
tropical macrotidal estuaries, such as Darwin Harbour, infaunal assemblages generally contain burrowing
organisms, such as polychaete worms, amphipod crustaceans, bivalve and gastropod molluscs and other
worm-like phyla such as nemerteans and nematodes (which are often abundant). These animals are
generally found within the upper 30 cm of the sediment. As well as being a source of food for organisms
higher up the food chain, such as fish and large invertebrates, they also drive nutrient cycling through
reworking of the sediments (bioturbation), altering physical and chemical processes, excreting nutrient-rich
wastes and feeding on phytoplankton (Pennifold and Davis 2001). The activity of benthic assemblages in
nearshore sediments is linked to pelagic processes and thus affects exchange processes between coastal
and offshore systems (Eyre and Ferguson 2005; Connell and Gillanders 2007).
There are a range of bio-physical factors potentially driving the patterns in distribution and diversity of
macrofaunal assemblages. These include sediment composition and grain size (Coleman et al. 1978, Brown
and McLachlan 2006, Post et al. 2006), hydrographic processes, seabed exposure/sediment mobility (Post
et al. 2006), salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and water depth (Semeniuk and Wurm 2000, Currie et al.
2009). Biotic factors such as invertebrate burrowing behaviours and density dependant interactions (such as
competition and predation), may also influence distribution and diversity (Connell and Gillanders 2007).
Epifauna can generally be classed as either sessile (i.e. attached to the seabed) or mobile. Sessile
organisms are often attached to hard structure such as reef or gravel, although some sponges, hydroids,
ascidians, burrowing anemones and tube-building polychaetes can also establish within soft sediments,
although these epifauna are comparatively sparse compared with that of hard bottom or coral reef substrata.
Mobile epifauna associated with subtidal soft sediments often include echinoderms (e.g. seastars, echinoids
and holothurians), gastropod molluscs, nemerteans and sipunculid worms, among others.
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Infaunal and epifaunal assemblages within Darwin Harbour Inner and Darwin Outer have the potential to be
affected by dredging activities via three main mechanisms:
> Direct removal from within the dredge footprint;
> Direct smothering via placement of dredged material within the offshore SDA; and
> Indirect changes to their habitat from the physical changes of the sediment (e.g. through re-suspension
and deposition of finer sediment particles released during dredging and spoil disposal activities).
Dredging will remove infaunal and epifaunal invertebrates occurring on and within the sediments in the
dredge footprint itself, although these impacts may be localised and relatively short-term, persisting until re-
colonisation occurs (Newell et al. 1998). Dispersion of the sediment plume may also have effects beyond
the direct vicinity of the dredge footprint by sedimentation and/or causing clogging of respiratory and feeding
appendages (Newell et al. 1998; Miller et al. 2002; Tillin et al. 2011).
Re-colonisation of dredged and/or spoil disposal areas by benthos is likely to occur relatively quickly,
occurring within a few months of the cessation of dredging/spoil disposal, due to the colonisation of
opportunistic species (Sarda et al. 2000; van Dalfsen et al. 2000; Newell et al. 2004). However, recovery of
benthic assemblages to comparable pre-dredging/spoil disposal conditions may take much longer and the
rate of recovery will depend on the frequency of maintenance dredging, local hydrodynamic conditions, the
degree of changes in sediment composition caused by dredging (van Dalfsen et al. 2000) and the successful
recruitment of larvae and immigration of mobile species. Recovery may result in assemblages that are quite
different in structure and composition from those originally present due to changes in sediment composition
and changed water depth. As the material to be mobilised by dredging is not contaminated or vastly different
in composition from that at the SDA (INPEX 2011), it is not expected to inhibit the subsequent re-colonisation
of disturbed areas (URS 2009).
Results of Baseline Phase Survey (B1)
The overall percentage cover of epifauna in both Darwin Harbour Inner and Darwin Outer Baseline Phase
surveys (B1; May 2012 to July 2012) was sparse, with ascidians, sponges, hydroids, anemones, bryozoans,
macroalgae and filamentous algae collectively accounting for less than 1% of the total mean cover of all
photoquadrats sampled (Cardno 2013). The vast majority of the seabed was otherwise classified as sand.
Results also suggested that areas likely to be directly affected by dredging activities within the Darwin
Harbour and SDA do not provide any unique or significant habitat for subtidal soft sediment epifauna.
The Darwin Harbour Inner and Darwin Outer infaunal assemblages sampled were diverse, including several
types of crustaceans (amphipods, isopods, tanaids, cumaceans, penaeids, copepods, ostracods, shrimp,
hermit crabs, ghost shrimp and brachyuran crabs), polychaete worms (from a variety of families), molluscs
(gastropods, bivalves and opisthobranchs), echinoderms (ophiuroids, echinoids, holothurians and seastars)
and other worm taxa such as nematodes, nemerteans, oligochaetes, phoronids, platyhelminthes and
sipunculids. Other taxa recorded but identified to broader groups included anemones, bryozoans,
hydrozoans, sponges, and pycnogonids (sea spiders). A total of 15,487 individual animals comprised of 155
taxa were recorded from the Darwin Harbour Inner survey and 10,295 individual animals comprised of 150
taxa were recorded from the Darwin Outer survey. Darwin Harbour Inner infaunal assemblages did not vary
significantly among Control and Impact locations but did vary among sites. Darwin Outer assemblages
varied between Control and Impact locations and among sites within locations.
Darwin Harbour Inner sediments generally had higher proportions of clay and silt with varying proportions of
sand and gravel. Darwin Outer sediments consisted predominantly of sand and gravel with the exception of
Control location 2, which contained high percentages of clay and silt. Sediment pH was relatively consistent,
varying between 7.3 to 8.0 for Darwin Harbour Inner sites and 6.9 to 8.1 for Darwin Outer sites. Mean
Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) ranged between -200 mV to 322 mV for Darwin Harbour Inner sites and
between -108 mV to 185 mV for Darwin Outer sites, with strongly reducing conditions typically associated
with clay and silty sediment types.
No clear relationships between any physical parameters investigated and the infaunal assemblages
observed were evident, suggesting that other hydrographic, physico-chemical or biotic factors were
influencing site and location level distribution patterns.
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Results of Dredging Phase Survey (D1)
Dredging Phase Survey 1 (D1; May 2013 to July 2013) was undertaken 12 months after B1 (May 2012 to
July 2012) and after the completion of EA dredging Season One (27 August 2012 to 30 April 2013), during
which approximately 43% of the approved total volume for the dredging program was dredged.
Results of sampling at sites within Darwin Harbour Inner did not indicate that dredging within East Arm had a
significant impact on epibenthic assemblages (Cardno 2014a). However, significant changes in relative
abundance, taxon richness and assemblage structure of benthic infauna at sites sampled within the ZoMI
and at some sites within the ZoI, but not at Control sites, indicated a potential dredging-related impact.
Despite the significant changes observed in infaunal assemblages, no significant differences in median
sediment grain size, pH or ORP were detected that were likely due to dredging activity or that could be
correlated with infaunal assemblages. Therefore, it is possible that other hydrographic, physico-chemical or
biotic factors may have influenced the changes in infaunal assemblages described. For example, strong
currents and seasonal rainfall within the channel of East Arm may lead to scouring/sedimentation and loss of
infauna to a greater extent at East Arm (ZoMI and ZoI) than at Control locations (West Arm area).
As expected, results of sampling at Darwin Outer suggested that spoil disposal activity had significant
impacts on subtidal epibenthic assemblages and infaunal abundance, taxon richness and assemblage
structure within the SDA and potentially at the Zone of Influence Near (ZoIN) and Zone of Influence Far
(ZoIF). However, in the absence of Control data, the extent of these changes in comparison with natural
variability could not be substantiated. Median sediment grain size also changed significantly at the SDA in
comparison with the ZoIN and ZoIF, indicating that spoil placement had resulted in substantial but localised
changes in sediment composition within the SDA. Results also suggest that spoil disposal may have
influenced small changes in sediment pH and more pronounced changes in ORP although there was no
obvious correlation of physical parameters measured with patterns observed in infaunal assemblages in
either B1 or D1.
Results of End of Dredging Phase Survey (EoD)
The End of Dredging (EoD) survey (6 July 2014 to 7 August 2014) commenced approximately one month
following the completion of EA dredging on 11 June 2014. It is noted that sampling was undertaken in
Darwin Harbour Inner only and not at Darwin Outer during this Phase.
Epibenthic fauna and flora were of a very low cover and showed some variability among Locations and
Phases, however, no significant changes indicative of a dredging related effect were detected.
Infauna on the other hand, were numerous and diverse and in accordance with the sampling approach
outlined in the NEMP, the changes observed between B1 and D1 and overall significant decreases in
abundance and taxon richness between B1 and EoD within the ZoMI, inferred a potential dredging-related
impact. The mechanisms potentially driving these changes, however, were unclear and there was no
conclusive cause and effect pathway to relate the key physical parameters measured as part of the SBMP to
dredging activity.
Site 3, located in the dredge footprint (ZoHI) showed a significant decrease in the abundance and taxon
richness of infauna from B1 to D1 which persisted during the EoD survey. No changes to sediment
characteristics were measured at this site between B1 and D1, although the percentage of fines did increase
significantly between D1 and the EoD survey. This would be expected given that EA dredging activities
removed up to 10 m of sediment at this site. The composition of the infaunal assemblage at Site 3 (within
the ZoHI) is unlikely to return to that observed during B1 as the physical characteristics of this site (in terms
of depth, sediment composition and hydrographic processes) have been permanently modified through
Project dredging.
In the absence of a clear impact pathway, it was concluded that a combination of mechanisms
(hydrographic, physico-chemical or biotic), both natural and potentially dredging-related, may have resulted
in the measured changes in infauna at some sites within the ZoMI (Cardno 2015a).
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Aims and Objectives
The objectives of the SBMP are to:
> Investigate the potential effects of dredging and dredge spoil disposal on the abundance and diversity of
soft-bottom infauna and epifaunal communities;
> Determine whether there are significant changes in sediment characteristics (sediment grain size, ORP
and pH) before dredging/spoil disposal compared to during and after and how this affects abundance and
diversity of soft bottom communities; and
> Follow the subsequent recovery of any infauna and epifauna that may be impacted and relate this to
depth of sedimentation, nature of sediment and ORP.
The specific objectives for the P1 Phase are to:
> > Investigate the relationship between the physico-chemical characteristics of the sediment (particle size
distribution, REDOX and pH) and the composition of infaunal and epibenthic assemblages;
> > Assess recovery by comparing the abundance and diversity of infauna and epifauna assemblages with
that measured in previous phases;
> > Collect seabed sediment samples to determine changes in particle size characteristics after dredging;
and
> > Determine whether the REDOX potential and pH of the sediments has changed relative to previous
phases.
This report outlines the findings of the P1 survey undertaken during July 2015 as per the methodology
outlined in the Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Plan (NEMP Cardno 2014b). Where appropriate,
comparisons were made with surveys carried out during B1 and D1 phases.
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2 Methodology
Sampling Locations
Darwin Outer sampling locations were selected to investigate the impacts of the spoil disposal area (SDA)
located approximately 12 km northwest of Lee Point (Figure 2-1). Previous surveys have described the SDA
as flat seabed comprised of a relatively featureless seafloor with sand/silt and very sparse epibenthic fauna,
with depths ranging from 15 m in the south-west end to 20 m in the north-east end (URS 2009).
The sampling design included three Impact locations; the SDA and two locations to the east of the spoil
disposal area, one in each of the Zone of Influence Near (ZoIN) and Zone of Influence Far (ZoIF). Based on
model predictions presented in the DSDMP Rev 0 (INPEX 2012), these are located in the zone of sediment
suspension and deposition from the SDA. These survey locations were similar in size to the SDA (i.e. 5 km x
2.5 km). Sites within locations were also standardised to an area of ~200 m x 200 m.
For B1, sampling was undertaken at two Control locations (C1 and C2), situated approximately 20 km west
of the SDA and outside of the GEP route, north-west of Charles Point. However, due to permit and access
restrictions, C1 and C2 could not be sampled during subsequent surveys. As such, any observed variation
in biological/physico-chemical indicators measured between B1, D1 and P1 (i.e. potentially due to spoil
disposal activities) cannot be separated from natural temporal variability. These data do, however, provide
an indication of the extent and possible recovery of soft sediment assemblages within the SDA and
surrounding zone of influence.
Survey Schedule
The dates of all subtidal benthos monitoring surveys carried out are listed in Table 2-1. It should be noted
that the trip carried out on the 15 September 2013 was to re-sample at Darwin Outer sites where full grab
samples could not be collected in the D1 (July 2013) grab sampling survey. Nineteen infauna samples and
two PSD samples were collected on that trip. GEP laying operations during the EoD survey also precluded
sampling at some sites during the scheduled survey times; therefore these samples were collected in
subsequent scheduled survey dates. Sampling at Darwin Outer was undertaken during B1, D1 (Dredging
Season One only) and P1, but not directly following the completion of Season Two dredging i.e. at the End of
Dredging (EoD; July 2014 to August 2014).
Table 2-1 Dates of subtidal benthos monitoring surveys for B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013), EoD (July 2014 to August 2014) and P1 (July 2015)
Phase Survey Date
Baseline (B1) Darwin Harbour Inner − Drop Camera 30 May 2012 to 02 June 2012
Darwin Harbour Inner − Grab Sampling 13 June 2012 to 16 June 2012
Darwin Outer − Drop Camera 27 June 2012 to 01 July 2012
Darwin Outer − Grab Sampling 12 July 2012 to 17 July 2012
Dredging Survey 1 (D1) Darwin Harbour Inner − Drop Camera 19 May 2013 to 21 May 2013
Darwin Harbour Inner − Grab Sampling 3 June 2013 to 05 June 2013
Darwin Outer − Drop Camera/Grab Sampling 3 July 2013 to 07 July 2013
Darwin Outer − Grab Sampling 15 September 2013
End of Dredging (EoD) Darwin Harbour Inner − Grab Sampling 6 July 2014 to 10 July 2014
Darwin Harbour Inner − Grab Sampling (Site 9 only) 20 July 2014
Darwin Harbour Inner − Drop Camera 20 July 2014 to 22 July 2014
Darwin Harbour Inner − Drop Camera (Sites 16, 17 and 18) 7 August 2014
Post Dredging (P1) Darwin Outer – Grab Sampling 24 July 2015 to 26 July 2015
Darwin Outer – Drop Camera 27 July 2015 to 28 July 2015
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Figure 2-1 Darwin Outer sampling Locations, including: Spoil Disposal Area (SDA), Zone of Influence Near (ZoIN), Zone of Influence Far (ZoIF) and Control locations (C1 and C2)
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Sampling Design
The sampling design is intended to be consistent with the ‘BACI’ (Before, After, Control, Impact) sampling
approach, which makes use of multiple controls in space and time (Underwood 1991, 1992; Long et al.
1996). This allows changes at a potential Impact location to be evaluated against variation measured at
multiple Control locations. The design requires that sampling be carried out in at least two external Control
locations in addition to the potential Impact locations. Monitoring was undertaken at Darwin Outer sampling
locations in relation to the SDA. However, as noted in Section 2.1.2, the Control locations in Darwin Outer
could not be surveyed during D1 or P1 and hence were not included in the statistical design for this report.
Comparisons were therefore made between the Baseline (B1), Dredging (D1) and Post Dredging (P1)
Phases and among the SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF sampling locations. Note that Darwin Outer was not sampled
during the End of Dredging (EoD) Phase. Alignment of sampling timing (during the Darwin dry season) was
undertaken to allow for direct comparisons between the Baseline, Dredging and Post Dredging Phases.
The sampling design for each area in is outlined in Table 2-2.
Table 2-2 Sampling design for the P1 survey for Darwin Outer
Locations/Treatment Sites Transects Replicates Total Samples (per survey)
Epifauna
x 3
SDA
ZoIN
ZoIF
x 6 within each location = total of 18 sites
x 2 per site
(A and B)
x 15 photoquadrats per transect
540
Infauna
x 3
SDA
ZoIN
ZoIF
x 6 within each location = total of 18 sites
N/A x 5 infauna samples
90
PSD
x 3
SDA
ZoIN
ZoIF
x 6 within each location = total of 18 sites
N/A x 2 PSD samples per site
36
pH
x 3
SDA
ZoIN
ZoIF
x 6 within each location = total of 18 sites
N/A x 7 measurements per site
126
ORP
x 3
SDA
ZoIN
ZoIF
x 6 within each location = total of 18 sites
N/A x 7 measurements per site
126
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Field Methodology
2.4.1 Epibenthic Habitats
Epifauna was photographed using a high-definition underwater video drop camera and frame (Figure 2-2a).
The drop camera yields high-quality photographs in low light and low visibility conditions and produces
images suitable for photoquadrat analysis. The drop camera consisted of a Sony HDR-CX700 (1080i) digital
video camera, fitted with a 0.6 wide-angle conversion lens, pointing downwards, mounted within a waterproof
housing and frame and deployed from the survey vessel. The camera automatically adjusts focus and
exposure to suit conditions on the seafloor. The frame was built from solid aluminium and consisted of four
padded legs and a cradle to hold and secure the housed video camera. The unit was deployed with 1.35 kg
of lead weight attached to each leg as ballast to provide stability in surge or current. A length of silver rope
was attached to each corner of the frame for deployment and retrieval of the unit. The camera was lowered
to the seabed at the start of each transect and raised and lowered to approximately 50 cm above the
substratum, providing a quadrat size of ~40 cm x 65 cm, as the vessel drifted with the current (between 0.5
and 1 km/hr) until the end of the transect. Fifteen replicate quadrats were taken per transect. Darwin Outer
transects were approximately 100 m in length. Upon completion of each transect (A and B) at a site, the
video camera was retrieved and video footage was downloaded onto a laptop computer and external hard-
drive as a back-up.
GPS positions of each site were recorded so that the exact same positions could be revisited in future
surveys. Vessel movements throughout the course of the day were also tracked and downloaded.
2.4.2 Benthic Infauna
Sediment samples to be analysed for benthic infauna, PSD, pH and ORP were collected using a stainless
steel Ponar benthic grab sampler (Figure 2-2b) deployed by winch to the seabed at each site. The Ponar
grab can collect up to 4.5 L of sediment, with a bite depth of 90 mm and was fitted with stainless steel mesh
flaps to retain surface biota greater than 0.5 mm in size. The sample volume, water depth, time and GPS
position of each grab sample were recorded. Infauna samples were sieved on board the vessel through a
0.5 mm mesh sieve, with retained sediment and biota transferred to a labelled bag. The sieve was examined
after removal of retained sediment and any animals trapped in the mesh were added to the sample. The
sample was then preserved on board the vessel in a solution of 10% formalin and seawater with Rose
Bengal dye. Formalin stored on board the vessel was bunded within a plastic container to ensure no
leakage onto the deck. Sample bags were labelled internally and externally with Project details, time, date,
location, site and replicate number and placed in a sealed, labelled poly-drum.
2.4.3 Particle Size Distribution (PSD)
Sediment samples collected for PSD analysis were sealed into labelled bags and placed in a cooler to be
stored below 4°C until transfer to a freezer on land. They were later dispatched to a National Association of
Testing Authorities (NATA)-accredited laboratory (ALS Laboratories Darwin), accompanied by a Chain of
Custody (CoC) document for external laboratory analyses.
2.4.4 pH
Immediately after sample collection and prior to sieving, pH measurements were recorded using an Oakton
Instruments waterproof pH tester pen (Figure 2-2c). The probe was inserted 4 cm to 5 cm into the sediment
sample and left until the value on the instrument remained stable. Values were recorded on the field data
sheet. Tester pens were calibrated prior to each field trip and rinsed in a bucket of fresh water between
measurements.
2.4.5 Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP)
Immediately after sample collection and prior to sieving, ORP measurements were recorded using an Oakton
Instruments waterproof ORP tester pen (Figure 2-2c). The probe was inserted 4 cm to 5 cm into the
sediment sample and left until the value on the instrument remained stable or after 30 seconds (whichever
was sooner). Measurements were then recorded on the field data sheet. Tester pens were calibrated prior
to each field trip and rinsed in fresh water between measurements.
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Figure 2-2 Images of: a) remote drop camera frame and housing; b) Ponar benthic grab sampler; and; c) pH and ORP measurement probes
a)
b) c)
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Laboratory Methodology
2.5.1 Epibenthic Habitats
Still images of each camera drop were captured using VLC Media Player. Each captured still image was
colour corrected using Adobe Photoshop software to improve image quality and aid in the processing of
photoquadrats. Each video transect was reviewed and a general habitat description recorded.
Photoquadrats were processed using the Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe) program (Kohler
and Gill 2006). The analysis involved digitally overlaying a virtual photoquadrat (scaled to approximately
40 cm x 65 cm) with 64 points in a random stratified grid on each captured video frame (Figure 2-3). Each
point was then assigned a category as indicated in Table 2-3. This provided an estimate of the percentage
cover of each habitat category (including biotic and abiotic categories).
Figure 2-3 Screenshot of the CPCe photoquadrat analyses frame with a virtual 64 point random stratified grid overlayed
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Table 2-3 List of the categories and codes for epibenthic habitat analysis
Category Sub Category Code
ALGAE
Algal mat (ALG MAT)
Filamentous algae (ALG FIL)
Macroalgae (ALG MAC)
Wrack (ALG WRCK)
Seagrass (OTHER 1)
Leafy algae (OTHER 4)
CNIDARIA
Anemone (AMNE)
Hard coral (HD COR)
Hydroid (HYD)
Sea fan (SEA FN)
Sea whip (SEA WP)
Soft coral (OTHER 3)
Coral recruit (OTHER 5)
SUBSTRATUM
Burrow (BRW)
Gravel (GVL)
Organic debris (ORG)
Rubble (RUB)
Bare Sand/Silt (SND)
Shell grit (SHL GRT)
Bioturbated sand (SC3)
Algal mat on shell grit (SC4)
SPONGE
Sponge (SPNG)
ECHINODERM
Echinoid (ECND)
Ophiuroid (OPHI)
ANNELIDA
Worm-like phyla (OTHER 2)
CRUSTACEAN
Crustacean (OTHER)
MOLLUSC
Bivalve (BIV)
Gastropod (GAST)
BRYOZOAN
Bryozoan (BRYZ)
ASCIDIAN
Ascidian (ASCI)
QUALITY
Poor quality (PR QUAL)
INDETERMINATE
Indeterminate (IND)
FISH MOBILE
Fish mobile FSH MOB
TAPE, WAND, SHADOW
Shadow (SHAD)
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2.5.2 Benthic Infauna
Samples for analyses of infaunal assemblages were sent via road freight to Cardno’s in-house laboratory.
Excess formalin in samples was initially drained from each sample over a 0.5 mm mesh sieve and
appropriately disposed of. Samples were then rinsed under tap water and transferred to an alcohol solution
for preservation and further processing. Large sandy samples (greater than 0.5 L) were elutriated to
separate animals from the substrate and improve sorting efficiency. The coarse fraction settled out from the
elutriation was then sorted in a tray to remove any larger invertebrates (such as bivalves) that may not have
been extracted during the elutriation. Animals were then removed from the sediment and elutriate fractions
under a binocular microscope using forceps and stored according to their taxonomic group with the Project
details and sample information. Animals were identified to Family level with each taxon separated into an
individually labelled vial. For groups where further identification would require a large expenditure of time
(e.g. oligochaetes and nematodes) or where taxonomic status in Australia was insufficient to achieve a finer
level of identification (e.g. anemones), identification was to a lower resolution such as Class or Sub Order.
2.5.3 Particle Size Distribution
Sediment samples collected for PSD analysis were dispatched to ALS Laboratories, Darwin (NATA-
accredited laboratory), accompanied with CoC documentation. The distribution of particle sizes greater than
0.001 mm and median grain size were determined using the dry sieve (AS 1289.3.6.1) and hydrometer
(AS1289.3.6.3) methods.
Statistical and Analytical Methodology
2.6.1 General Findings
General findings for infaunal assemblages are presented as total numbers of individuals and total number of
taxa (taxon richness) occurring among sampling sites. General findings for physical parameters (PSD, pH
and ORP) are presented as averages and standard errors (SE) of the mean for all sampling sites.
2.6.2 Multivariate Analyses
Statistical analysis of infauna data was done using PERMANOVA+ (based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity
matrices) in PRIMER v6. This is a permutational approach to analysis of variance (ANOVA) that is superior
to traditional methods (Anderson et al. 2008) in that there is no assumption of normality in the data and
designs can be unbalanced (e.g. different numbers of replicate samples at different places or times) if
necessary. The approach yields exact tests for each level of an experimental design and is robust to
differences among variances. Post-hoc permutational t-tests or ‘pair-wise’ tests using PERMANOVA+ were
performed to examine significant interactions of main effects. Where the number of permutations was below
100, then Monte Carlo P-values were used to calculate the P-value. Prior to analyses, any CPCe samples
with greater than 50% poor quality/shadow or indeterminate categories were removed from the analysis.
Transformation of data to achieve normality was unnecessary for infauna data, although due to the
dominance of the bare sand group within the epibenthos habitat and assemblage analysis, these data were
4th root transformed to down-weight the contribution of the dominant groups. No transformation was used on
the epibenthos biota data as there was no one group that was numerically dominant.
In order to help discriminate between groups of interest (in this case locations and sites), multivariate data
were represented graphically using Principle Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), a generalised form of Principal
Components Analysis (PCA), which complements the permutational ANOVA procedure (Anderson et al.
2008). Samples were projected onto linear axes based on their dissimilarities in a way that best describes
the patterns among them using as few dimensions as possible (Clarke and Gorley 2006).
Similarity Percentage Analysis (SIMPER) was used to identify those taxa, or groups of taxa, contributing
most to dissimilarities between assemblages where appropriate. It should be noted that only higher level
interaction terms (i.e. at the scale of Phase and Location) are included in the relevant appendices.
Differences in the dispersion of data between surveys were examined using the PERMDISP routine in
PERMANOVA+. This routine was used to separate the effects of differences in dispersion of points within
clusters from differences in the relative positions of the clusters (Anderson et al. 2008).
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The design for the statistical analyses for each component of the P1 Phase was as follows:
1. Darwin Outer Drop Camera:
> Phase: 3 levels (B1, D1, P1), fixed;
> Location: 3 levels (SDA, ZoIN, ZoIF), fixed;
> Sites: 6 levels, random, nested in Location;
> Transects: 2 levels (A and B), random, nested in Site; and
> Replicates: x 15.
2. Darwin Outer Grab Sampling:
> Phase: 3 levels (B1, D1, P1), fixed;
> Location: 3 levels (SDA, ZoIN, ZoIF), fixed;
> Sites: 6 levels, random, nested in Location; and
> Replicates: x 5 (infauna), x 2 (PSD), x7 (pH and ORP).
2.6.3 Univariate Analyses
Where appropriate, univariate analyses were done to investigate differences in taxon richness, taxon
abundance and individual populations of taxa contributing the most to spatial and temporal variability.
PERMANOVA+ (based on Euclidian distance) was used to perform permutational analyses of variance as
this approach does not require that the data come from a normal distribution or that variances are
homogeneous, as is the case with traditional ANOVA. After calculating a Euclidean distance matrix of all
possible pairs of samples of the variable of interest, the underlying distribution of the data was determined by
repeated randomisation of the samples in the matrix, enabling exact tests for all levels of the experimental
design (Anderson et al. 2008).
2.6.4 Relating Physical and Biological Variables
To examine the relationship between the physical variables of PSD, pH and ORP with the biotic data, a sub-
program within the PRIMER package called Distance Based Linear Models (DIST-LM) was used. DIST-LM
models the relationship between a multivariate data cloud (as described by a resemblance matrix) and one
or more predictor variables that were measured from the same set of samples. P-values for testing the null
hypothesis of no relationship are obtained using permutation methods rather than traditional tables.
Quality Control Procedures
2.7.1 Field
As per the requirements of INPEX’s Waste Discharge Licence (WDL) and EPA 8 permit conditions on
reporting, for all replicate samples collected, a unique sample code, a record of the GPS position, time, date,
depth, name of the sampler, sediment type and weather conditions were recorded on waterproof field sheets.
All data were then transcribed into the master Project database linked to each unique sample code. GPS
positions of sampling locations were downloaded into Excel format then imported into the master database
and checked against previous sampling locations. A photographic record was also archived for each PSD
grab sample collected. Sediment samples were transferred into polyurethane bags and labelled internally
and on the outside of the bag. Hard copies of all original datasheets were scanned and stored electronically
within the master database.
CoC documentation accompanied all consignments of samples being transported from one party to another.
Field quality assurance included the collection and analysis of a duplicate sample at a randomly selected
site. External laboratory quality assurance included the use of blind replicate environmental samples.
2.7.2 Laboratory
All samples were logged upon receipt from the field on a laboratory management sheet. In the laboratory, a
sample sign-in/sign out system was used to track sample status and time required to process each sample.
For each sample, the sediment remaining after removal of all biota was checked by a second experienced
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person to recover any missed organisms. Verification of identifications and counts were completed by a
second experienced scientist on all samples. A voucher collection was retained for future comparison and
identification. External laboratory quality assurance included the use of blind replicate environmental
samples.
2.7.3 Data Processing
Personnel involved in sampling photographs using CPCe were required to demonstrate proficiency before
being authorised to begin sampling of photoquadrats. Proficiency was acquired through training by an
experienced scorer available to assist CPCe analysts full time throughout processing. All photos were
checked by an experienced staff member for consistency and accuracy. Once these checks were
completed, the Scope Leader or Data Manager approved the images for further analyses. Before exporting
data to Excel, the CPCe files were examined to ensure that all the points of each quadrat (i.e. 64 points)
were scored and to check that there was a CPCe file (‘.cpc’) for every photograph processed.
Prior to use in statistical analyses, data files were locked to avoid corruption or accidental over-write. The
video analysis and all field data were checked for errors before undertaking further analysis or presentation.
This involved one person entering the data and two scientists then checking the digital and hard copies
against each other.
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3 Dredging Operations
The EA dredging program has involved a number of dredge vessels including Backhoe Dredgers (BHD),
Cutter Suction Dredger (CSD) and Trailing Suction Hopper Dredgers (TSHD), operating in different areas
depending on water depths, bed material characteristics and the amount of material to be removed.
The EA dredging campaign was divided into five Separable Portions (SP1 to SP5) that refer to the location
and duration of specific dredging activities. The SPs are summarised in Table 3-1 and presented in Figure
3-1.
EA dredging was completed over two seasons; Season One from 27 August 2012 to 30 April 2013 and
Season Two from 1 November 2013 to 11 June 2014, following a six-month hiatus. Overall, 16.1 Mm3 of
material was approved to be removed from EA. The dredged material was deposited at the offshore spoil
disposal area located to the north of Darwin Harbour, within the Beagle Gulf, approximately 12 km north-west
of Lee-Point.
The dredge spoil disposal location was selected to avoid adverse impacts on commercial shipping and
recreational fishing activities. The available location has an area of 12.5 km2 (5 km by 2.5 km) and was filled
progressively so that the full volume of dredged material could be accommodated within the nominated area.
Placement of the material inside the disposal ground took into consideration environmental factors such as
the bathymetry at the spoil ground and the characteristics of the disposed material. Placement of the
material during the works was done such that, in time, material was eventually spread out evenly across the
dredge spoil disposal area as far as practicably possible. The speed of the vessel when dumping was within
3 knots in order to minimise turbidity and remobilisation of sediments. Disposal of dredge material was
managed as described in the environmental management framework (Section 7.4.1. of the DSDMP Rev 4
(INPEX 2013)).
Dredging for the GEP was undertaken in stages from 23 October 2013 to 12 July 2014. Overall, 0.466 Mm3
of material was approved to be removed along the GEP and included the use of TSHDs and BHDs.
Table 3-1 EA dredge footprint summary
ID Separable Portion
SP1 Separable Portion 1 – Module Offloading Facility (MOF)
SP2 Separable Portion 2 – Jetty Pocket
SP3 Separable Portion 3 – Berth Area
SP4 Separable Portion 4 – Approach Channel, Berth Approach and Turning Area
SP5 Separable Portion 5 – Walker Shoal
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Figure 3-1 EA and GEP dredging footprint
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4 Results
Sampling dates for the P1 survey (July 2015) are presented in Table 4-1. Field notes and representative
photoquadrats of the seabed (including dates, times and GPS positions of sampling points) are presented in
Appendix A. Habitat descriptions and representative photoquadrats of each site are presented in Appendix
B. Summary data including mean percent cover of each category by site and location are presented in
Appendix C and graphically presented for P1 in Appendix D.
Epibenthic Habitats and Assemblages
4.1.1 General Findings
In general, the area of seabed surveyed at offshore sites during the P1 survey (July 2015) consisted of
mostly flat, bare, sand with shell grit and sparse epifauna including filamentous algae, occasional bryozoans,
stalked ascidians, sponges, sea fans, sea whips, hydroids and hard corals1 (Table 4-1, Figure 4-1). The
substratum at sites within the Spoil Disposal Area consisted of very fine sand with little epifauna in
comparison to the ZoIN and ZoIF, apart from filamentous algae. The exception to this was at Site 2 (which
contained hard corals, bryozoans and ascidians) and at Site 5, where there was a relatively high percent
cover of hydroids (Appendix B). The substratum within the ZoIN and ZoIF was also sandy in composition
but appeared to be coarser with evidence of bioturbation caused by burrowing invertebrates (Appendix B).
The overall percent cover of epifauna recorded in photoquadrats within the ZoIN and ZoIF also appeared to
be greater than within the SDA (Appendix B, Appendix D).
Similar to B1 (May 2012 to July 2012) and D1 (May 2013 to July 2013), bare sand (including fine sand and
silt) was the most frequently recorded category, on average occurring in excess of 91% mean cover across
all locations during P1. Filamentous algae, hydroids, burrows and bioturbated sand accounted for 2.31%,
0.78%, 0.58% and 0.39% of mean cover respectively. The average percent cover of bare sand, burrows,
hydroids, bryozoans, ascidians, bioturbated sand and filamentous algae occurring across all locations has
generally increased from B1 through to P1 across all locations, whereas the percent cover of shell grit,
rubble, gravel, sponge, sea fan and soft coral has decreased (Table 4-1).
Epifauna and benthic flora, including sponges, hydroids, bryozoans, ascidians, macroalgae, hard and soft
coral and cnidarians (sea whips and sea fans) accounted for 1.47% of mean cover in photoquadrats taken
across all locations during P1, which was greater than in B1 (0.78%) and in D1 (1.17%). Overall the total
number of taxa recorded in P1 was the same as in B1 (19), but less than in D1.
1 Hard corals for the purpose of subtidal epifauna may refer to potentially dead or alive coral as well as coral fragments/rubble
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Table 4-1 Mean percentage cover of subtidal epifauna and habitats recorded at locations in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015)
Phase B1 D1 P1
Location SDA ZoIN ZoIF SDA ZoIN ZoIF SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE
Hard Coral 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.08 0.15 0.15 0.27 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.42 0.38 0.06 0.03
Hydroid 0.11 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.43 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.13 0.72 0.24 1.43 1.03 0.69 0.22 0.23 0.05
Sea Fan 0.10 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00
Sea Whip 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.08 0.23 0.14 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01
Algal Mat on Sand 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.11 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.64 0.29 0.39 0.14
Filamentous Algae 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.20 0.35 0.08 0.32 0.12 1.47 0.95 3.31 1.59 2.15 0.82
Macroalgae 0.06 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.21 0.10 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.04
Wrack 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01
Burrow 0.29 0.07 0.38 0.09 0.59 0.13 0.10 0.06 0.40 0.08 0.49 0.12 0.10 0.04 1.09 0.49 0.55 0.09
Gravel 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 1.19 0.44 0.42 0.16 0.06 0.04 0.23 0.07 0.14 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.02
Rubble 1.07 0.32 1.03 0.16 0.81 0.18 0.84 0.29 0.22 0.04 0.51 0.16 0.37 0.15 0.37 0.11 0.09 0.03
Sand 91.09 1.43 87.24 1.90 80.47 1.72 84.48 3.18 82.47 2.44 72.97 2.58 93.10 1.95 87.99 2.37 93.11 1.58
Shell Grit 2.50 0.64 5.58 1.35 11.60 1.68 0.10 0.06 0.47 0.09 3.75 0.96 0.11 0.06 0.56 0.09 0.26 0.08
Bioturbated Sand 2.42 0.47 3.76 0.80 3.13 0.74 2.64 0.80 3.62 0.77 10.55 1.99 0.10 0.04 1.00 0.54 0.08 0.06
Sponge 0.30 0.14 0.15 0.06 0.15 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.25 0.10 0.15 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.08 0.03 0.01
Bryozoan 0.10 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.18 0.09 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.04 0.10 0.03 0.09 0.07 0.40 0.11 0.12 0.06
Ascidian 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.12 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.19 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.20 0.05 0.03 0.02
Soft Coral 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Wormlike Phyla 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fish Mobile 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Organic Debris 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.10 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02
Algal mat on shell grit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Unid leafy algae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Coral Recruit2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.04 0.03 0.02
Total Number of Categories 15 18 14 16 18 19 16 19 18
2 Coral recruit is defined as hard coral smaller than 20 mm
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Figure 4-1 Photographs of representative epibenthic flora, fauna and habitats identified from Darwin Outer during P1 (July 2015)
Bryozoans: a) and b); hydroids: c) and d); seafan (Mopsella sp.): e); hard coral
(Acroporidae): f); cup sponge: g) and h) stalked ascidian (Sigillina sp.)
a) b)
c) d)
e) f)
g) h)
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4.1.2 Analyses of Habitat Characteristics
Epibenthic habitat characteristics (including physical and biotic categories) varied significantly between and
among Phases (i.e. B1, D1 and P1) at the scale of Location and Site (Table 4-2 and Appendix E).
4.1.2.1 Locational Changes between Phases
Pairwise comparisons showed that at the SDA, significant differences in epibenthic habitat characteristics
were only detected between B1 and P1 (Appendix F). SIMPER analyses showed that this was mainly due to
an increase in the mean percent cover of sand and hydroids and a decrease in mean percent cover of shell
grit and bioturbated sand and rubble. It was also noted that the change in mean percent cover of sand
between D1 and P1 was much larger than the net change between B1 and P1 (Appendix G). This is also
reflected in the results of the sediment particle size distribution (Section 4.3.1).
Similarly, within the ZoIN, B1 and P1 were significantly different (Appendix F) due to an increase in the
mean percent cover of sand, hydroids and filamentous algae and a decrease in mean percent cover of shell
grit and bioturbated sand (Appendix G). Between B1 and D1, however, there was a significant reduction in
the mean percent cover of sand and shell grit.
Within the ZoIF, epibenthic habitat characteristics at all locations were significantly different from one another
(Appendix F) due to differences in the mean percent cover of sand, shell grit and bioturbated sand
(Appendix G). The mean percent cover of sand decreased between B1 and D1, then increased from D1 to
P1 and increased overall between B1 and P1. The percentage cover of shell grit decreased from B1 to D1
and from D1 to P1. The mean percent cover of bioturbated sand increased from B1 to D1, decreased from
D1 to P1 and decreased overall between B1 and P1.
4.1.2.2 Locational Differences within Phases
Pairwise comparisons showed that during both B1 and D1 there were significant locational differences
between the SDA and ZoIF and between the ZoIN and ZoIF, but not between the SDA and ZoIN. However,
during P1, no significant differences were detected among any of the three locations (Appendix F).
SIMPER analyses indicated that during both B1 and D1, locational differences between the SDA and ZoIN
were related to a greater mean percent cover of sand and smaller percent cover of shell grit and bioturbated
sand at the SDA than at the ZoIF. Differences observed between the ZoIN and ZoIF were attributed to an
increase in sand and decrease in shell grit (Appendix G).
Locational differences between and within Phases are illustrated in the PCoA plot in Figure 4-2. The two
axes shown represent 75.8% of the total variation among photoquadrats (Figure 4-2) which provides a fair
representation of the epifaunal data in two dimensions. Variation in the dispersion of samples did not appear
to be a factor in driving differences between and among phases at the scale of location, as indicated in the
non-significant PERMDISP result (Appendix H).
4.1.2.3 Site-Level Changes between Phases
Pairwise comparisons did not show any significant differences among sites within the SDA during B1, D1 or
P1, however, significant variation among sites was detected at the ZoIN and ZoIF (Appendix F).
4.1.2.4 Site-Level Differences within Phases
Epibenthic habitat characteristics were similar throughout all sites within locations during B1. During D1 and
P1, however, variability was detected among Sites within the SDA and ZoIN, but not within the ZoIF.
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Table 4-2 PERMANOVA results of epibenthic habitat characteristics for the B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) surveys. Significant results in bold, RED = Redundant term
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 2844.6 1422.3 15.42 0.0001 RED
Location 2 1075.9 537.95 5.6454 0.0008 RED
Site(Location) 15 1429.4 95.291 2.702 0.0001 RED
Phase x Location 4 1162.1 290.53 3.1497 0.0037
Phase x Site(Location) 30 2767.2 92.24 2.6155 0.0001
Res 54 1904.4 35.267
Total 107 11184
Figure 4-2 Principle Coordinates Analyses (PCoA) of epibenthic habitat characteristics sampled during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015).
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4.1.3 Analyses of Epibenthic Assemblages
Further statistical analyses were carried out to investigate variability in biotic components of the epibenthos
only (excluding substratum categories) in relation to detecting potential effects of spoil disposal. Results
showed that epibenthic assemblages differed significantly among locations during all Phases. Significant
differences among phases were also detected at the scale of sites (Table 4-3 and Appendix E).
4.1.3.1 Locational Differences
Pairwise comparisons showed a significant difference in the epifaunal assemblages associated with SDA
and ZoIN and between the SDA and ZoIF (Appendix F and Figure 4-3). SIMPER analysis showed that this
was due to differences in the mean percentage cover of filamentous algae, hydroids, sponges, bryozoans,
algal mat, hard coral and sea whips. These differences were broadly attributed to a smaller mean percent
cover of these epifaunal groups at the SDA compared with at the ZoIN and ZoIF with the exception of
hydroids which were greater in mean percent cover within the SDA than at the ZoIN or ZoIF (Appendix G).
Locational differences between the SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF are illustrated in the PCoA plot in Figure 4-3. The
two axes shown represent 50.7% of the total variation among photoquadrats (Figure 4-3). This means that
approximately only half of the variability among samples is being captured in the two-dimensional
representation. Variation in the dispersion of samples did not appear to be a factor in driving differences
between locations, as indicated in the non-significant PERMDISP result (Appendix H).
4.1.3.2 Site-Level Changes between Phases
Significant temporal differences in epifaunal assemblages were detected at sites within the SDA, ZoIN and
ZoIF. Within the SDA, changes were detected between B1 and P1 at Site 1 only. Within the ZoIN, changes
were detected between B1 and P1 at Sites 2, 5 and 6 and between D1 and P1 at Site 6 only. Within the
ZoIF changes were also evident between B1 and P1 at Sites 2, 3, 4 and 6 and between D1 and P1 at Site 6
only (Appendix F).
4.1.3.3 Site-Level Differences within Phases
During B1, epifaunal assemblages varied among Sites 1, 2 and 5 within the SDA only. During D1, Sites 1
and 6 within the ZoIF also differed significantly, however, during P1 there was significant variability among
several sites within the SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF.
Table 4-3 PERMANOVA results for epibenthic assemblages for the B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) surveys. Significant results in bold, RED = Redundant term
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 18520 9260.1 5.4894 0.0001 RED
Location 2 7738 3869 2.2685 0.0162
Site(Location) 15 25583 1705.5 2.4746 0.0001 RED
Phase x Location 4 10661 2665.3 1.58 0.0635
Phase x Site(Location) 30 50607 1686.9 2.4476 0.0001
Res 54 37217 689.21
Total 107 1.5033E5
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Figure 4-3 Principle Coordinates Analyses (PCoA) of epibenthic habitat characteristics sampled during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015)
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Infauna
4.2.1 General Findings
A total of 12,118 individual animals comprising 168 taxa were recorded from 18 sites across Darwin Outer
during the P1 survey (July 2015).
Total abundance (across all locations) initially decreased by 31% between B1 (May 2012 to July 2012) and
D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) but increased by 164% between D1 and P1 with an overall increase of 82%
overall between B1 and P1.
The number of taxa identified across Darwin Outer also increased from 139 taxa in B1, to 148 in D1 and 168
in the P1 survey (Table 4-4).
As was the case for B1 and D1, the taxa recorded in P1 were diverse, including 70 families of crustaceans
(including amphipods, isopods, tanaids, cumaceans, penaeids, copepods, ostracods, shrimp, hermit crabs
and brachyuran crabs), 43 families of polychaete worms, 33 families of molluscs (including gastropods,
bivalves and opisthobranchs), four families of echinoderms (including ophiuroids, holothurians, echnoids and
crinoids) and seven families of other worm phyla (including nematodes, nemerteans, oligochaetes,
phoronids, platyhelminthes, sipunculids and chaetognaths). Other taxa recorded but identified to broader
taxonomic groups included anemones, ascidians, brachiostomes, bryozoans, hydrozoans, sponges,
pycnogonids (sea spiders) and juvenile fish (gobies). Several families that had not been recorded in
previous surveys were identified. These included polychaetes of the families Euphrosinidae and
Sphaerodoridae, fairy shrimp (Nebalidae), amphipods from the families Amaryllididae, Amphilochidae,
Atylidae, Calliopidae, Eusiridae, Platyischnopidae and Ochlesidae, isopods from the families Arcturididae
and Whitleggidae and crabs from the family Ocypocidae.
Various families of gastropod molluscs including the families Cylichnidae and Lottidae were also recorded as
well as echinoderms from the class Crinoidea (also known as feather stars) and holothuroidea (sea
cucumbers).
In terms of percentage contribution, polychaetes (46%) were the most numerically abundant of the major
taxonomic groups in the P1 survey, followed by crustaceans (38%), other worm phyla (10%), molluscs (4%),
echinoderms (1%) and other phyla (1%) (Table 4-4, Figure 4-4). This was a similar result to that of B1,
where polychaetes were also the most numerically abundant group, but different from D1 where crustaceans
were the most numerically abundant.
Taxonomic diversity in the P1 survey was very similar to that of B1 and D1, with Crustacea being the most
diverse group in terms of number of families, followed by Polychaeta and Mollusca, other phyla, other worm
phyla and the Echinodermata (Table 4-4, Figure 4-4).
Amphipod crustaceans from the Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae group were the most numerically abundant taxa
recorded during P1 contributing to 9% of total abundance. This was followed by polychaetes of the family
Syllidae (7.5%), Ampharetidae (6.8%) and Spionidae (5.4%), tanaid crustaceans of the family Apseudidae
(5%), amphipod crustaceans of the family Ampeliscidae (4.2%), nematode worms (3.5%), polychaetes of the
families Glyceridae (3.2%) and Capitellidae (2.9%) and Nemerteans (2.7%). With the exception of
nematodes, nemerteans and polychaete worms of the family Glyceridae, similar taxa were represented in the
ten most abundant taxa recorded in both B1 and D1. Example photomicrographs of numerically abundant
and representative taxa recorded during the P1 survey are presented in Figure 4-5 and Figure 4-6.
Raw sample data are presented in Appendix I.
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Table 4-4 Abundance and taxon richness of subtidal infauna assemblages collected during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015)
Phase B1 D1 P1
Abundance Taxon
Richness Abundance Taxon
Richness Abundance Taxon
Richness
Polychaeta 3286 40 1833 39 5607 43
Crustacea 2502 52 1907 56 4599 70
Mollusca 300 30 288 31 505 33
Echinodermata 144 2 75 2 103 4
Other Worm Phyla 348 7 299 9 1186 7
Other Phlya 88 8 184 11 118 11
Total 6668 139 4586 148 12118 168
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Figure 4-4 Percentage contribution of subtidal infauna abundance and taxa richness for major taxonomic groups collected at all sites in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015)
49%
38%
5%2% 5% 1%
B1
40%
42%
6%2%
6% 4%
D1
46%
38%
4%1%
10% 1%
P1
Total
Abundance
26%
38%
21%
1% 6%8%
D1
29%
37%
22%
1%5% 6%
B1
26%
42%
20%
2%4% 6%
P1
Total Taxa
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Figure 4-5 Photomicrographs of numerically abundant subtidal infauna taxa identified during P1 (July 2015) Crustaceans: a) Aoridae group, b) Apseudidae and c) Ampeliscidae; Polychaetes d) Spionidae; e) Ampharetidae f) Syllidae; g) Glyceridae; h) Nematode
a) b)
c) d)
e) f)
g) h)
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Figure 4-6 Photomicrographs of other representative subtidal infauna taxa identified during P1 (July
2015) Crustaceans: a) Callianassidae and Leucosiidae b); Polychaetes: c) Sabellidae and d) Eunicidae; Molluscs: e) Nuculidae and Olividae f); Echinoderm: g) Class Crinoidea; Cnidarian: h) Order Actiniaria
a) b)
c) d)
e) f)
g) h)
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4.2.2 Analyses of Abundance
Infaunal abundance varied significantly between and within Phases at the scale of Location and Site (Table
4-5 and Appendix E).
4.2.2.1 Locational Changes between Phases
Between B1 and D1 there was a significant decrease in the mean abundance of benthic infauna within the
SDA, but no significant changes between B1 and D1 at the ZoIN or ZoIF. Between D1 and P1, however,
there was a significant increase in mean abundance at all three locations. While there was an overall
decrease in abundance between B1 and P1 within the SDA, this was not statistically significant. Between B1
and P1 there has also been an overall significant increase in mean infaunal abundance within the ZoIN and
ZoIF (Table 4-6, Figure 4-7 and Appendix F).
4.2.2.2 Locational Differences within Phases
During B1, mean infaunal abundance was similar across all locations, however, during D1 abundance was
significantly lower within the SDA, compared to within the ZoIN or ZoIF. During P1, mean abundance within
the SDA remained significantly lower than within the ZoIN or ZoIF, while mean abundances within the ZoIN
and ZoIF remained similar to one another (Table 4-6, Figure 4-7 and Appendix F).
4.2.2.3 Site-Level Changes between Phases
At the site-level, pairwise tests showed decreases in mean abundance at five sites within the SDA between
B1 and D1 which was statistically significant for Sites 3, 5 and 6. Between B1 and D1, decreases in
abundance were also evident at Sites 2, 5 and 6 within the ZoIN and Sites 1, 2, 3 and 5 within the ZoIF,
although these decreases were only statistically significant at Sites 5 and 6 within the ZoIN. Increases in
mean abundance were also observed at Site 1 within the SDA, Sites 1 and 3 within the ZoIN and Sites 4 and
6 within the ZoIF during the same time period (Table 4-6, Figure 4-8, and Appendix F).
Between D1 and P1 there was a significant increase in mean abundance at all sites within the SDA, ZoIN
and ZoIF which was also statistically significant at Sites 2 and 5 within the SDA, at Sites 1,2,4,5 and 6 within
the ZoIN and at Sites 1,2,3,5 and 6 within the ZoIF (Table 4-6, Figure 4-8, and Appendix F).
Between B1 and P1 there was a net increase in mean abundance across all sites within the ZoIN and ZoIF
and at Sites 1 and 2 within the SDA, whereas there was a net decrease in mean abundance at Sites 3, 4, 5
and 6 within the SDA, which was significant lower at Site 6 (Table 4-6, Figure 4-8, and Appendix F).
4.2.2.4 Site-Level Differences within Phases
During B1, site level variability was evident between Sites 1 and 3 within the SDA and Sites 2, 3, 4 and 6
within the ZoIF only. During B1 and P1, however, variability among sites was evident across all locations
and at several sites within locations (Table 4-6, Figure 4-8, and Appendix F).
Table 4-5 PERMANOVA results for infaunal abundance for the B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) surveys. Significant results in bold, RED = Redundant term.
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 3.3618E5 1.6809E5 35.523 0.0001 RED
Location 2 1.2455E5 62276 11.378 0.0018 RED
Site(Location) 15 82103 5473.6 3.4962 0.0001 RED
Phase x Location 4 1.6007E5 40017 8.4571 0.0002
Phase x Site(Location) 30 1.4195E5 4731.8 3.0224 0.0001
Res 216 3.3817E5 1565.6
Total 269 1.183E6
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Table 4-6 Mean infaunal abundance (± SE) at sites in the SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=5)
B1 D1 P1
Location Site Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE
SDA
1 46.2 9.5 47.4 4.0 64.0 21.3
2 52.6 18.1 27.0 7.1 87.2 9.2
3 103.4 16.3 30.4 5.2 62.0 14.4
4 64.6 18.6 29.6 7.9 52.0 9.3
5 115.4 31.5 7.0 1.5 82.0 22.4
6 105.6 30.3 10.8 2.1 25.0 7.3
ZoIN
1 48.8 9.5 102.2 12.9 215.8 13.4
2 56.6 7.5 39.0 5.7 220.0 44.2
3 63.4 15.2 103.2 12.8 137.0 12.3
4 89.2 19.5 51.2 4.1 228.8 50.9
5 71.2 14.4 22.4 5.3 158.6 14.5
6 64.8 11.3 32.6 6.1 152.0 10.0
ZoIF
1 67.8 17.1 39.4 11.2 145.4 13.6
2 77.4 11.1 37.8 13.4 92.0 15.9
3 98.4 12.2 45.4 10.6 150.2 8.2
4 92.8 15.5 155.4 38.6 176.2 31.5
5 73.6 26.5 67.6 5.8 224.0 18.8
6 41.8 7.1 68.8 9.6 151.4 15.9
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Figure 4-7 Mean abundance (± SE) for infauna samples collected at locations from Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=6)
0
50
100
150
200
250
B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Mean Abundance B1, D1 and P1
Mean
Ab
un
dan
ce ±
S. E
. (n
=6)
Location
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Figure 4-8 Mean abundance (± SE) for infauna samples collected at sites from Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=5)
Site /Location)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Mean
Ab
un
dan
ce ±
S.E
. (n
=5)
Mean Abundance B1, D1 and P1
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4.2.3 Analyses of Taxon Richness
A similar pattern to that observed for infaunal abundance was evident for taxon richness with significant
differences between and within Phases at the level of Location and Site (Table 4-7 and Appendix E).
4.2.3.1 Locational Changes between Phases
Between B1 and D1 there was a significant decrease in the mean taxon richness of benthic infauna within
the SDA, but no significant changes between B1 and D1 at the ZoIN or ZoIF. Between D1 and P1, however,
there was an increase in mean taxon richness at all three locations and which was statistically significant
within the ZoIN and ZoIF. Overall, there has been a net decrease in mean taxon richness between B1 and
P1 within the SDA (not statistically significant), while there has been a significant overall increase between
B1 and P1 at the ZoIN and ZoIF (Table 4-8, Figure 4-9 and Appendix F).
4.2.3.2 Locational Differences within Phases
During B1, mean taxon richness was similar across all locations, however, during D1 taxon richness was
significantly lower within the SDA, compared to the ZoIN or ZoIF. During P1, mean taxon richness within the
SDA remained significantly lower than within the ZoIN or ZoIF, while mean taxon richness within the ZoIN
and ZoIF remained similar to one another (Table 4-8, Figure 4-9 and Appendix F).
4.2.3.3 Site-Level Changes between Phases
Between B1 and D1, there were significant decreases in taxon richness at Sites 3, 5 and 6 within the SDA,
while there were either increases or no significant differences at all sites within the ZoIN and ZoIF. The
exception to this was Site 5 within the ZoIN where there was a significant decrease in taxon richness.
Between D1 and P1 there was an overall trend of increasing taxon richness at all sites apart from at Sites 1
and 4 within the SDA. Between B1 and P1, there was also a net increase at all sites within the ZoIN and
ZoIF which was statistically significant at Sites 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 within the ZoIN and Sites 1, 3, 5 and 6 within
the ZoIF. Within the SDA, there were also significant increases in taxon richness between B1 and P1, but
also significant declines at Sites 3 and 4 (Table 4-8, Figure 4-10 and Appendix F).
4.2.3.4 Site-Level Changes within Phases
During B1, site level variability was evident between Sites 1 and 3 within the SDA, Sites 1 and 4 within the
ZoIN and Sites 3 and 6 within the ZoIF. During D1, however, variability among sites was evident across all
locations and at several sites within locations. During P1 significant variation was evident between several
sites within the SDA and between Sites 2 and 5 within the ZoIF, but between any sites within the ZoIN
(Table 4-8, Figure 4-10 and Appendix F).
Table 4-7 PERMANOVA results for infauna taxon richness for the B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015). Significant results in bold, RED = Redundant term.
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 8694.5 4347.2 19.171 0.0001 RED
Location 2 9425.5 4712.7 26.887 0.0003 RED
Site(Location) 15 2629.2 175.28 3.0938 0.0001 RED
Phase x Location 4 7277.6 1819.4 8.0236 0.0003
Phase x Site(Location) 30 6802.7 226.76 4.0024 0.0001
Res 216 12238 56.656
Total 269 47067
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Table 4-8 Mean infaunal abundance (± SE) at sites in the SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=5)
B1 D1 P1
Location Site Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE
SDA
1 22.2 2.3 22.8 2.3 20.6 4.2
2 24.0 4.8 16.8 2.6 30.0 2.1
3 35.2 4.2 16.4 2.2 23.0 2.9
4 26.2 4.0 15.0 3.9 14.2 2.2
5 35.8 6.1 6.2 1.4 22.0 3.2
6 33.2 5.0 7.8 1.0 13.0 2.8
ZoIN
1 22.0 2.7 41.2 3.2 46.4 2.8
2 26.4 1.8 21.8 1.7 45.2 1.4
3 26.0 3.0 42.4 1.9 44.4 2.1
4 33.8 4.2 27.0 1.9 50.8 2.7
5 29.0 3.4 15.4 2.7 47.8 3.6
6 30.2 3.2 20.4 2.8 47.2 1.9
ZoIF
1 24.2 4.0 23.0 3.2 46.6 2.3
2 28.2 1.9 21.0 4.9 35.6 5.3
3 33.2 2.0 23.2 4.5 45.6 1.7
4 32.8 4.0 40.6 5.0 43.8 3.0
5 29.0 6.6 30.8 1.8 52.6 3.9
6 19.4 4.4 31.2 2.3 41.0 3.9
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Figure 4-9 Mean taxon richness (± SE) for infauna samples collected at locations from Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=6).
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Mean Taxon Richness B1, D1 and P1
Mean
Ab
un
dan
ce ±
S. E
. (n
=6)
Location
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Figure 4-10 Mean taxon richness (± SE) for infauna samples collected at sites from Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=5)
Site/Location
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Mean
Taxo
n R
ich
ness ±
S.E
. (n
=5)
Mean Taxon Richness B1, D1 and P1
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4.2.4 Analyses of Assemblages
Infaunal assemblages varied significantly between and within Phases at the scale of Location and Site
(Table 4-9 and Appendix E).
4.2.4.1 Locational Changes between Phases
Significant location scale differences in the infaunal assemblage were evident between all Phases within the
SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF (Figure 4-11 and Appendix F). Within the SDA, SIMPER analysis showed that
differences in assemblages between B1 and D1 were largely due to a decrease in mean abundance of
amphipod crustaceans of the Aoridae/Isaeidae/ Photidae (AIP) group and tanaid crustaceans (family
Apseudidae). Differences between D1 and P1 were due to increases in mean abundance of glycerid and
spionid polychaetes and increases in amphipod crustaceans of the AIP group. Significant differences
between B1 and P1 phases were mainly driven by the decrease in mean abundance of the AIP group and an
increase in polychaetes of the family Glyceridae.
Within the ZoIN, differences in infaunal assemblages between B1 and D1 were driven by decreases in mean
abundance of the AIP group, whereas differences between D1 and P1 were driven by increases in the mean
abundance of the AIP group and polychaetes of the families Syllidae and Ampharetidae
Within the ZoIF, differences in infaunal assemblages between B1 and D1 were driven by decreases in mean
abundance of tanaid crustaceans (families Apseudidae and Leptocheilidae) but increases in the AIP group.
From D1 to P1 there was an increase in the mean abundance of syllid and ampharetid polychaetes as well
as apseudid tanaids and the AIP group. These same taxa also increased in mean abundance overall from
B1 to P1 (Figure 4-11 and Appendix G).
4.2.4.2 Locational Differences within Phases
During B1, no significant differences in assemblage were detected between the SDA compared with that of
the ZoIN, although the assemblage associated with the ZoIF was significantly different to that of both the
SDA and ZoIN. Differences between the ZoIF and SDA were due to a greater mean abundance of tanaiad
crustaceans (Apseudidae and Leptocheilidae) and lower abundance of the AIP amphipod group within the
ZoIF compared to the SDA.
During both D1 and P1, the assemblage associated with the SDA was significantly different from that of the
ZoIN and ZoIF, whereas the ZoIN and ZoIF were no longer comparatively different from one another.
Differences between the SDA and ZoIN/ZoIF (during D1 and P1) were attributed to lower mean abundances
of amphipods of the AIP group, amphipods of the family Ampeliscidae and polychaetes of the family
Ampharetidae and Syllidae recorded within the SDA (Figure 4-11 and Appendix G).
Variation in the dispersion of samples (based on the distances of each replicate sample from their group
centroid) also contributed to locational differences (Appendix H). This is illustrated in the PCoA plot (Figure
4-11), although only 24.4% of the total variation was explained by differences among samples represented
by the two axes (i.e. there are a number of different factors driving variability at this level).
4.2.4.3 Site-Level Changes between Phases
Site-level changes between Phases occurred at all Sites within the SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF. The general
pattern showed that between B1 and D1 there were declines in mean abundance of various taxa at Sites 3,
4, 5 and 6 within the SDA and Sites 2, 4, 5 and 6 within the ZoIN and at Sites 1, 2 and 3 within the ZoIF.
Between D1 and P1 there was an overall pattern of increasing abundance of various taxa of across most
sites with the exception of Sites 1 and 3 within the SDA, Site 3 within the ZoIN and Site 4 within the ZoIF.
SIMPER analysis showed that the main taxa that increased in abundance included amphipods of the AIP
group, Apseudids and polychaetes of the families Ampharetidae, Glyceridae, Spionidae and Syllidae
(Appendix G).
A pattern of increasing abundance in several taxa was evident between B1 and P1 overall, at all sites within
the ZoIN and at Sites 2, 5 and 6 within the ZoIF, whereas abundance at sites within the SDA were more
variable i.e. some taxa increased in abundance while others decreased at the same site (Appendix G).
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4.2.4.4 Site-Level Differences within Phases
Significant differences in the infaunal assemblage among sites was evident within all locations during the B1,
D1 and P1 surveys, but did not show any consistent or obvious patterns. Variability between sites within the
SDA did, however, appear to be greater at all locations during D1 and P1 in comparison to during B1.
Variation in the dispersion of samples also contributed to site-level differences, as indicated in Appendix H.
Univariate analyses were undertaken to further understand the patterns in abundance of populations of taxa
contributing these differences at the scale of location and site (Section 4.2.5).
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Table 4-9 PERMANOVA results for infaunal assemblages for the B1 (May 2012 to July 2013), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015). Significant results in bold, RED = Redundant term.
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 74897 37449 11.642 0.0001 RED
Location 2 32338 16169 4.682 0.0001 RED
Site(Location) 15 51801 3453.4 1.8347 0.0001 RED
Phase x Location 4 33526 8381.4 2.6055 0.0003
Phase x Site(Location) 30 96505 3216.8 1.709 0.0001
Res 216 4.0658E5 1882.3
Total 269 6.9565E5
Figure 4-11 Principal Coordinates Analyses (PCoA) of infaunal assemblages sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015)
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4.2.5 Analyses of Populations
Univariate analyses were undertaken to further investigate populations of taxa contributing the most to
Locational and Site scale differences between and within Phases. The three taxa contributing the most to
total dissimilarities between and within Phases at the scale of Location and Site included amphipod
crustaceans of the Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae (AIP) group, polychaetes of the family Ampharetidae and
polychaetes of the family Syllidae. The patterns in mean abundance of these populations are described
below.
Populations of amphipods of the AIP group varied between and within Phases at the scale of Location but
not Site (Appendix E). Between B1 and D1, the mean abundance of these amphipods decreased
significantly within the SDA but not within the ZoIN or ZoIF. Between D1 and P1, there were slight increases
in abundance within the SDA and ZoIF and a significant increase within the ZoIN. Between B1 and P1,
however, there was a net decline in mean abundance of AIP amphipods within the SDA (although not
statistically significant), while there were significant increases in abundance within the ZoIN and ZoIF (Figure
4-12 and Appendix F). This general pattern was reflected at the site level where there was a net increase in
abundance between B1 and P1 within the ZoIN and ZoIF, but not at Sites 3, 4, 5 and 6 within the SDA
(Figure 4-13). During B1 the mean abundance of AIP amphipods was similar across all three locations and
slightly greater within the SDA. During D1 and P1, however, abundances became lower within the SDA than
in the ZoIN or ZoIF (Figure 4-12).
Populations of ampharetid polychaetes varied between and within Phases at the scale of Location but not
Site (Appendix E). Between B1 and D1, the mean abundance of these polychaetes did not change
significantly across any of the three locations although there was a general decline within the SDA while
there were increases within the ZoIN and ZoIF. Between D1 and P1 there was an overall pattern of
increasing abundance across all locations, which was statistically significant within the ZoIN and ZoIF but not
within the SDA. Between B1 and P1 there was no overall significant difference in abundance of ampharetids
within the SDA, while there was a significant net increase in abundance within the ZoIN and ZoIF. During
B1, the abundance of ampharetids was similar between the ZoIF and SDA/ZoIN but was significantly greater
within the SDA than at the ZoIN. During D1, abundance within the SDA was lower than in the ZoIN or ZoIF
but not significantly so. During P1, the abundance of ampheretids within the SDA were significantly lower
than in either the ZoIN or ZoIF (Figure 4-12 and Appendix F). At the site level, there was a net increase in
mean abundance between B1 and P1 across all sites within the ZoIN and ZoIF, while there were overall net
declines at Sites 1, 3, 4 and 6 within the SDA (Figure 4-13).
Populations of polychaetes from the family Syllidae varied between and within Phases at the scale of
Location and Site (Appendix E) and followed a similar pattern to that of the ampharetid polychates.
Between B1 and D1, the mean abundance of these polychaetes did not change significantly across any of
the three locations although there was a general decline within the SDA while there were increases within
the ZoIN and ZoIF. Between D1 and P1 there was an overall significant increase in abundance across all
locations. Between B1 and P1 there was no overall significant difference in abundance of ampharetids
within the SDA, while there was a significant net increase in abundance within the ZoIN and ZoIF. During
B1, the abundance of syllids was similar across all locations. During D1, abundance within the SDA was
lower than in the ZoIN or ZoIF and significantly lower than in the ZoIN. During P1, the abundance of syllids
within the SDA was significantly lower than in either the ZoIN or ZoIF while the abundance within the ZoIN
and ZoIF were similar to one another (Figure 4-12 and Appendix F). At the site level, there was a net
increase in mean abundance between B1 and P1 across all sites within the SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF apart from
at Sites 3, 4 and 5 within the SDA (Figure 4-13).
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Figure 4-12 Mean abundance (± SE) of infaunal families sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) contributing to 5% or more to dissimilarities between and within Phases at the scale of Location (n=6).
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Ampharetidae
0
5
10
15
20
25
B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Syllidae
Mean
Ab
un
dan
ce ±
S.E
. (n
=6
)
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Figure 4-13 Mean abundance (± SE) of infaunal families sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) contributing to 5% or more to dissimilarities between and within Phases at the scale of Site (n=5)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Ampharetidae
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Syllidae
Mean
Ab
un
dan
ce ±
S.E
. (n
=5)
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Particle Size Distribution
4.3.1 Mean Percentage Contribution
During the P1 survey (July 2015), sediments within the SDA were characterised by high (77.5% on average)
proportions of sand (0.06 mm to 2 mm) with smaller proportions (7%, 9.5% and 6% on average) of gravel (>2
mm), silt (0.002 mm to 0.06 mm) and clay (<0.002 mm) respectively. Site 3 was comprised almost entirely of
sand (98%). Sediments at sites sampled within the ZoIN and ZoIF also consisted mostly of sand (between
37.5% and 52%) but with relatively larger proportions of gravel, silt and clay (Figure 4-14, Table 4-10).
Between B1 and D1, sediment composition at sites within the SDA became increasingly sandy and silty with
a decrease in the proportion of gravel. Between D1 and P1, sediment composition at Site 1 changed very
little in composition, while Site 3 became sandier and Sites 4, 5 and 6 became less silty and substantially
sandier. The proportion of silt at Site 2 also decreased, while the proportion of gravel increased (Table 4-
10).
Sediment composition at sites within the ZoIN and ZoIF remained relatively similar from B1 to D1 and from
D1 to P1, although there was a notable increase in the proportion of gravel at Site 3 within the ZoIN
approximately doubled from B1/D1 to P1 (Table 4-10).
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Figure 4-14 Mean PSD of sediment samples collected at sites in Darwin Outer during the P1 survey (July 2015) (n=2)
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Table 4-10 Mean percentage contribution and median grain size collected during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=2)
B1
Location
Site 1 2 3 4 5 6
Clay (<2 µm) 13.0 17.5 17.0 22.0 11.0 10.5
Silt (2-60 µm) 4.0 7.5 12.0 11.5 8.5 6.0
Sand (0.06-2.00 mm) 65.0 63.0 50.5 55.0 60.0 61.5
Gravel (>2mm) 18.0 12.0 20.5 11.5 20.5 22.0
Median Grain Size (mm) 0.394 0.325 0.257 0.188 0.595 0.450
Sediment Description Sand, shell and clay Sand, shell and clay Sand, shell and silty clay Sand, silty clay and shell Sand, shell and silty clay Sand, shell and silty clay
D1
Location
Site 1 2 3 4 5 6
Clay (<2 µm) 6.0 14.5 2.0 8.0 6.5 5.5
Silt (2-60 µm) 13.0 48.0 2.0 37.0 38.5 40.0
Sand (0.06-2.00 mm) 80.0 37.5 86.0 54.5 52.0 54.0
Gravel (>2mm) 1.0 0.0 10.0 0.5 3.0 0.5
Median Grain Size (mm) 0.113 0.042 0.294 0.064 0.070 0.064
Sediment DescriptionMedium fine sand, shell and
silt
Fine sand. medium fine
sand and silty claySand and shell Medium fine sand and silt Fine sand, sand and silt Medium fine sand and silt
P1
Location
Site 1 2 3 4 5 6
Clay (<2 µm) 6.0 20.5 0.5 1.0 2.5 7.0
Silt (2-60 µm) 8.0 23.5 1.5 1.0 2.0 21.0
Sand (0.06-2.00 mm) 83.0 44.5 98.0 92.0 86.5 61.0
Gravel (>2mm) 3.0 11.5 0.0 6.0 9.0 11.0
Median Grain Size (mm) 0.215 0.128 0.194 0.252 0.344 0.177
Sediment Description Sand, stone, fines Sand, fines Sand Sand, shell Sand, shell Sand, shell, fines
SDA
SDA
SDA
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B1
Location
Site 1 2 3 4 5 6
Clay (<2 µm) 15.0 14.5 17.5 24.0 16.5 18.0
Silt (2-60 µm) 11.0 7.0 15.5 13.5 9.5 7.5
Sand (0.06-2.00 mm) 54.5 59.0 47.0 54.0 55.0 60.0
Gravel (>2mm) 19.5 19.5 20.0 8.5 19.0 14.5
Median Grain Size (mm) 0.332 0.394 0.188 0.150 0.394 0.300
Sediment Description Sand, silty clay and shell Sand, shell and clay Sand, silty clay and shell Sand and silty clay Sand, silty clay and shell Sand, shell and clay
D1
Location
Site 1 2 3 4 5 6
Clay (<2 µm) 6.5 5.5 8.0 21.0 10.5 6.0
Silt (2-60 µm) 6.0 4.0 9.0 16.0 6.0 6.0
Sand (0.06-2.00 mm) 57.0 73.0 63.5 54.5 66.5 73.5
Gravel (>2mm) 30.5 17.5 19.5 8.5 17.0 14.5
Median Grain Size (mm) 0.847 0.557 0.513 0.188 0.450 0.469
Sediment Description Sand, shell and silty clay Sand and shell Sand, shell and silt Sand, silty clay and shell Sand, silty clay and shell Sand, shell and clay
P1
Location
Site 1 2 3 4 5 6
Clay (<2 µm) 13.5 18.0 13.0 21.5 17.5 22.0
Silt (2-60 µm) 7.5 10.5 9.0 17.0 16.5 18.0
Sand (0.06-2.00 mm) 52.0 45.0 37.5 46.0 46.0 44.0
Gravel (>2mm) 27.0 26.5 40.5 15.5 20.0 16.0
Median Grain Size (mm) 0.458 0.368 0.704 0.178 0.273 0.157
Sediment Description Sand, shell, fines Sand, shell, fines Sand, shell, fines Sand, shell, fines Sand, shell, fines Sand, shell, fines
ZoIN
ZoIN
ZoIN
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B1
Location
Site 1 2 3 4 5 6
Clay (<2 µm) 26.0 18.0 18.0 15.5 12.5 11.0
Silt (2-60 µm) 12.0 4.0 10.5 9.0 2.5 1.5
Sand (0.06-2.00 mm) 58.0 69.5 65.0 51.5 66.0 79.5
Gravel (>2mm) 4.0 8.5 6.5 24.0 19.0 8.0
Median Grain Size (mm) 0.113 0.332 0.219 0.332 0.469 0.332
Sediment Description Sand and silty clay Sand, clay and shell Sand and silty clay Sand, silty clay and shell Sand, shell and clay Sand and clay
D1
Location
Site 1 2 3 4 5 6
Clay (<2 µm) 17.5 6.5 12.0 11.0 5.5 4.5
Silt (2-60 µm) 15.5 8.5 9.5 6.5 4.5 3.0
Sand (0.06-2.00 mm) 61.5 78.0 71.0 58.0 77.5 85.5
Gravel (>2mm) 5.5 7.0 7.5 24.5 12.5 7.0
Median Grain Size (mm) 0.188 0.394 0.257 0.469 0.469 0.469
Sediment Description Sand, silty clay and shell Sand, shell and siltSand, shell, clay and silty
claySand, shell and clay Sand and shell Sand and shell
P1
Location
Site 1 2 3 4 5 6
Clay (<2 µm) 26.5 18.0 22.5 7.0 8.0 8.5
Silt (2-60 µm) 17.0 16.5 16.0 4.0 2.0 4.5
Sand (0.06-2.00 mm) 45.0 52.5 52.5 65.5 63.0 70.5
Gravel (>2mm) 11.5 13.0 9.0 23.5 27.0 16.5
Median Grain Size (mm) 0.102 0.198 0.150 0.456 0.737 0.356
Sediment Description Sand, shell, fines Sand, shell, fines Sand, shell, fines Sand, shell, fines Sand, shell Sand, shell
ZoIF
ZoIF
ZoIF
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4.3.2 Median Particle Size
Statistical analyses showed that median particle size varied significantly among and between Phases at the
scale of Location and Site (Appendix E). Pairwise tests indicated that between B1 and D1 there was a
significant decrease in median particle size within the SDA, whereas there was a significant increase within
the ZoIN and ZoIF (Figure 4-15 and Appendix F). Between D1 and P1, median particle size then increased
within the SDA while it decreased within the ZoIN and ZoIF (although these differences were not statistically
significant). Overall there was a significant net reduction in median particle size between B1 and P1 within
the SDA, while there was a marginal (but not significant) increase within the ZoIN and ZoIF (Figure 4-15 and
Appendix F).
Significant differences in median particle size were not evident between locations during B1 or P1, however,
median particle size at the SDA did differ significantly from both the ZoIN and ZoIF during D1 (Figure 4-15).
Overall, no obvious or consistent patterns in median particle size were evident at the scale of Site, apart from
between B1 and D1 where there was a general increase in median particle size at all sites within the ZoIN
and ZoIF but a decrease at all other sites within the SDA, with the exception of Site 3 (Figure 4-16).
Mean median particle size and percentage contribution data are summarised in Table 4-10. Raw PSD data
are also summarised in Appendix J.
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Figure 4-15 Mean median sediment particle size (mm) (± SE) for samples collected at locations in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Median Particle Size B1, D1 and P1
Mean
Med
ian
Part
icle
Siz
e (
mm
) ± S
E (
n=
6)
Location
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Figure 4-16 Mean median sediment particle size (mm) (± SE) for samples collected at sites in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=2).
0.0
0.5
1.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Med
ian
Part
icle
Siz
e ±
S.E
. (n
=2)
Median Particle Size B1, D1 and P1
Site/Location
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4.3.3 Percentage Contribution of Fines
The overall pattern in the percent composition of fines (silt and clay <0.06 mm) was for an increase from B1
to D1, followed by a decrease from D1 to P1 within the SDA, whereas the opposite pattern occurred within
the ZoIN and ZoIF (Figure 4-17).
Statistical analyses showed that the percent composition of fines varied significantly among and between
Phases at the scale of Location and Site (Appendix E). Pairwise tests indicated that between B1 and D1
there was an increase in percent fines within the SDA, although this was not significant, while there were
significant decreases in the percent fines at both the ZoIN and ZoIF. Between D1 and P1 there was a
significant decrease in percent fines back to levels similar to that of B1 within the SDA, whereas there was a
significant increase from D1 to P1 within the ZoIN. An increase from D1 to P1 was also recorded within the
ZoIF, although not significant. Overall, there was no significant net change to the percent fines across any of
the three locations from B1 through to P1 (Figure 4-17 and Appendix F). No significant differences were
detected between locations within Phases although during D1, the percentage of fines was approximately
53% higher within the SDA than at the ZoIN or ZoIF (Figure 4-17 and Appendix F).
Site level changes in the percent fines strongly followed the patterns observed at the locational scale,
although there were significant net changes between B1 and P1 at some sites overall. These included Sites
3 and 4 within the SDA (where there was a net decrease in percent fines between B1 and P1), Site 6 within
the ZoIN, (where there was a net increase in percent fines) and Site 2 within the ZoIF, where there was also
a net increase in percent fines (Figure 4-18 and Appendix F).
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Figure 4-17 Mean percentage contribution of fines (silt and clay <0.06 mm) ± SE sampled at locations in Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=6)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Percent Fines B1, D1 and P1
Mean
% F
ines ±
SE
(n
=6)
Location
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Figure 4-18 Mean percentage contribution of fines (silt and clay <0.06 mm) (± SE) for samples at sites in Darwin Outer collected during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=2)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Mean
% F
ines ±
S.E
. (n
=2)
Percent Fines B1, D1 and P1
Site/Location
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pH
During the P1 survey (July 2015), mean pH values ranged between 7.02 (± 0.01 SE) at Site 1 (SDA) and
7.43 (± 0.06SE) at Site 1 (ZoIF). Overall, pH decreased marginally (between 3.7% and 6.6%) between B1
and P1 at all locations (Table 4-11, Figure 4-19).
Statistical analyses showed that pH varied significantly among and between Phases at the scale of Location
and Site (Appendix E). Pairwise tests indicated that between B1 and D1 there was a significant decrease in
pH within the SDA, while there were significant increases within the ZoIN and ZoIF. Between D1 and P1
there was then a significant increase in pH within the SDA whereas there was a significant decrease within
the ZoIN and ZoIF. Overall, there was a significant net decrease in pH across all three locations between B1
and P1 (Table 4-11, Figure 4-19 and Appendix F). Results also showed that pH was similar across all
locations during B1, but was significantly lower within the SDA than at the ZoIN or ZoIF during both D1 and
P1 (Table 4-11, Figure 4-19 and Appendix F).
The overall pattern of decreasing pH between B1 and P1 was also strongly reflected at the site level (Table
4-11, Figure 4-20 and Appendix F).
Table 4-11 Mean pH (± SE) for locations sampled during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=7)
B1 D1 P1
Location Site Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE
SDA
1 7.78 0.06 7.15 0.09 7.20 0.05
2 7.60 0.03 7.01 0.18 7.04 0.01
3 7.70 0.04 No Data No Data 7.21 0.06
4 7.66 0.03 7.46 0.15 7.28 0.01
5 7.76 0.04 7.51 0.09 7.32 0.05
6 7.87 0.06 7.43 0.12 7.27 0.06
ZoIN
1 7.67 0.06 7.88 0.07 7.41 0.03
2 7.64 0.05 7.96 0.04 7.35 0.03
3 7.66 0.06 7.79 0.06 7.42 0.03
4 7.62 0.04 7.78 0.03 7.39 0.02
5 7.61 0.04 7.67 0.03 7.22 0.04
6 7.65 0.04 7.92 0.08 7.31 0.04
ZoIF
1 7.50 0.01 7.74 0.10 7.43 0.06
2 7.63 0.06 7.93 0.05 7.38 0.02
3 7.61 0.06 7.67 0.19 7.40 0.06
4 7.66 0.09 7.82 0.06 7.34 0.03
5 7.69 0.04 7.86 0.05 7.34 0.03
6 7.81 0.06 7.95 0.05 7.30 0.03
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Figure 4-19 Mean pH (± SE) for locations sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=6).
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
pH B1, D1 and P1
Location
Mean
pH
(-l
og
[H+
]) ±
SE
(n
=6)
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Figure 4-20 Mean pH (± SE) for sites sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=7). No data at Site 3 (SDA)
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Mean
pH
±S
.E.
(n=
7)
pH B1, D1 and P1
Site/Location
*
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ORP
Mean ORP values for the P1 survey (July 2015) ranged from -125.4 (± 11.5 SE) mV at Site 1 (ZoIN) to 197.0
(± 11.7 SE) mV at Site 5 (ZoIF). Sites 4, 5 and 6 within the SDA and Sites 4, 5, and 6 within the ZoIF were
generally oxidising, whereas the majority of sites were reducing (Table 4-12, Figure 4-21).
At the locational scale there was a net reduction in ORP across all locations from B1 to P1, although
locational level changes were not resolved in the statistical analysis (Table 4-12, Figure 4-21 and Appendix
F). Values were, however, shown to vary significantly between and within Phases at the scale of Site,
although this did not indicate any obvious or consistent patterns (Table 4-12, Figure 4-22 and Appendix F).
Table 4-12 Mean ORP (± SE) for locations sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=7)
B1 D1 P1
Location Site Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE
SDA
1 -43.0 7.5 42.4 23.6 -82.3 17.1
2 9.4 23.7 -85.4 11.6 -50.6 41.6
3 70.1 8.4 108.0 22.1 -50.1 52.0
4 144.0 7.8 -26.6 28.6 161.3 7.0
5 175.0 2.4 -101.6 8.7 159.7 10.4
6 164.3 7.4 -106.0 15.4 27.1 56.1
ZoIN
1 85.1 13.9 82.6 14.9 -125.4 11.5
2 78.0 10.1 227.7 20.1 -18.6 43.8
3 113.7 8.1 16.1 23.2 -107.3 19.2
4 21.3 2.2 -96.3 13.3 -120.4 3.2
5 42.1 17.7 -64.3 37.5 -111.4 9.0
6 44.3 9.7 -69.1 32.5 -91.9 11.4
ZoIF
1 68.9 11.7 -126.3 6.4 -60.0 25.7
2 52.7 17.3 -85.1 20.7 -114.0 5.6
3 37.6 18.8 -76.1 22.0 -111.6 7.6
4 128.9 6.2 43.9 23.4 11.0 41.2
5 65.6 15.8 -59.6 29.1 197.0 11.7
6 82.9 21.1 52.0 30.8 45.1 62.5
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Figure 4-21 Mean ORP (± SE) for sites sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=7)
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1 B1 D1 P1
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
ORP B1, D1 and P1
Mean
OR
P ±
S. E
. (n
=6)
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Figure 4-22 Mean ORP (± SE) for sites sampled at Darwin Outer during B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015) (n=7)
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
SDA ZoIN ZoIF
Mean
OR
P ±
S.E
. (n
=7)
ORP B1, D1 and P1
Location
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Relationship of Physical and Biological Variables
Examination of the distance-based linear model (including data from all Phases) indicated that very little of
the variation of the Darwin Outer infaunal assemblage could be attributed to the physical variables measured
(median grain size, percent fines and ORP). Cumulatively, these variables explained only 10.8% of the total
variation (R2 for each individual variable against the infaunal data cloud = <0.1). This is illustrated in the
distance-based redundancy analyses ordination (dbRDA) (Figure 4-23). Statistical results are presented in
Appendix K.
Figure 4-23 Distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) ordination of infauna assemblage data compared with median grain size, percent fines and ORP for B1 (May 2012 to July 2012), D1 (May 2013 to July 2013) and P1 (July 2015).
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5 Discussion
This report outlines the findings of the SBMP Post Dredging (P1) survey (24 to 28 July 2014) for Darwin
Outer which took place approximately 13 months following the completion of EA dredging on 11 June 2014.
The P1 Phase report aims to assess changes in the abundance and diversity of infaunal and epifaunal
assemblages relative to that measured in the Baseline (B1; May 2012 to July 2012) and Dredging Phase
(May 2013 to July 2013). It also aims to investigate the relationship between the physico-chemical
characteristics of the sediment and the potential drivers of any changes observed. As predicted in the EA
DSDMP Rev 4 (INPEX 2013) and GEP DSDMP Rev 6 (INPEX 2014), the disposal of dredged material at the
offshore Spoil Disposal Area (SDA) was expected to have direct impacts on subtidal infauna and epifauna
either by direct smothering and/or indirectly via changes to the physico-chemical composition of the
sediments. The two locations to the east of the SDA, (Zone of Influence Near (ZoIN) and Zone of Influence
Far (ZoIF) were located on the basis of model predictions presented in the DSDMP Rev 1 (INPEX 2012).
Indirect effects of re-suspension and deposition of finer sediment particles released during spoil disposal
activities may also influence the subtidal assemblages at these locations. As demonstrated in several other
examples of dredging investigations, and discussed in previous SBMP Reports (Cardno 2013, 2014a and
2015a) some degree of recovery following the completion of spoil placement is also expected although the
timeframe and extent of recovery is less predictable.
Epibenthic Habitats
Epifauna and benthic flora were relatively sparse during all survey phases and across locations, although
several groups of taxa (including sponges, hydroids, bryozoans, ascidians, macroalgae, gorgonians and
corals) were recorded within the SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF. Overall, the percent cover of epifauna within the SDA
was lower than that within the ZoIN or ZoIF, which would be expected as a result of spoil disposal, however,
as this pattern was consistent for all survey phases (B1, D1 and P1), these spatial differences cannot be
directly attributed to spoil disposal. The fact that epifauna was present at all sites within the SDA during P1
such as hydroids at Sites 1, 2, 5 and 6, suggests that approximately 13 months post spoil disposal, there has
either been recovery and/or growth following spoil placement and/or, that some of the epifauna sampling
sites were not directly affected by the spoil placement. Specific information on the quantity, timing, depth
and location of the material placement within the spoil ground would be required to verify this further.
Given the relatively dynamic tidal conditions that can be experienced offshore of Darwin Harbour, it is also
likely that the epibenthic species recorded (which included predominantly sessile taxa), are tolerant of
intermittent elevated turbidity and suspended sediments within the water column. The significant tidal
exchange and exposure to ocean currents is also likely to be conducive to immigration and recruitment of
larvae and fragments of flora or fauna within the SDA and facilitate relatively fast recolonisation.
Infauna
The overall temporal and spatial patterns of abundance and taxon richness observed during the SBMP
indicate that as expected, spoil disposal within the SDA during D1 had a significant impact on the infaunal
assemblage. However, in the 13 months following completion of spoil disposal, there has also been recovery
back to within baseline levels. The effects of spoil disposal between B1 and D1 were evident from the
significant decreases in the mean abundance and taxon richness that occurred within the SDA, but not within
the ZoIN or ZoIF. Similarly, mean abundance and taxon richness during D1 was significantly lower within the
SDA, than during the Baseline phase, when compared to within the ZoIN or ZoIF. These effects were likely
due to the direct impact of smothering and burial and potentially indirect effects of resuspension and
deposition of finer sediments within the water column which may result in deficiencies in feeding and
respiration.
Between D1 and P1 however, there was a significant increase in abundance and taxon richness across all
locations. This resulted in net increases (in both abundance and taxon richness) from the Baseline through
to the Post Dredging phase within the ZoIN and ZoIF and apparent recovery back to baseline levels within
the SDA. The broad scale increases in abundance and taxon richness across the survey area is likely to be
a result of long term natural variability potentially related to climatic changes in temperature, migration
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patterns or unknown factors (De Goeij et al. 2003 cited in Connell and Gillanders 2007; Morrisey et al. 1992;
Wildsmith et al. 2005). Such long-term temporal fluctuations in benthic populations and communities at the
scale of seasons or over several years have been documented to occur in other parts of tropical Australia
(De Goeij et al. 2003 cited in Connell and Gillanders 2007; Morrisey et al. 1992; Wildsmith et al. 2005) and
were also evident within the Intertidal Benthos Monitoring Program (IBMP), which was undertaken at a
similar temporal scale as the SBMP (Cardno 2015b).
These patterns in abundance and taxon richness were also reflected in the results of the multivariate
analysis which showed that the effects of spoil disposal and subsequent recovery were largely driven by the
changes in numbers of amphipod crustaceans of the Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae group, polychaetes of the
families Ampharetidae and Syllidae among several other taxa. The overall composition of the infaunal
assemblage within the SDA sampled during P1 was, however, different in composition from that recorded
during the Baseline phase. This was largely due to a shift from an assemblage characterised by relatively
high percent contributions of Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae amphipods, spionid polychaetes and taniads of the
family Apseudidae to one characterised by a high percent contribution of polychaetes of the families
Spionidae and Glyceridae.
This shift in assemblage composition may be due to the changes in the physical environment at the SDA in
terms of depth and sediment composition (discussed in Section 5.3), and/or a result of chance colonisation
by new recruits following the completion of spoil disposal. Although infaunal biomass was not measured as
part of this program, it was also noted that the animals collected during P1 were relatively small-bodied,
suggesting that they may be in an early stage of development and further supports the idea that they are
new recruits. As discussed in the SBMP EoD report (Cardno 2015a), relatively small bodied animals with
short lifespans, fast growth rates and high fecundity are likely to be faster to recover than those with a long
life span and slower growth rate. Furthermore, animals with a longer planktonic larval phase are also likely
to colonise rapidly from outside of a disturbed area compared with those with short or no larval planktonic
phase (MESL 2008). This is known to be the case for the main species colonising the SDA post dredging.
Spionid polychaetes, for example are often small-bodied and may have planktonic phases of up to eight
weeks in the water column (MESL 2008). Polychaetes of the family Glyceridae have relatively long lifespans
(making them slow to reach maturity), however, some species are also highly fecund releasing several
millions of eggs into the water column in one spawning event and have larvae that may spend up to four
weeks in a planktonic phase (MESL 2008).
Physical Indicators
Results of sediment particle size analysis showed significant changes in median grain size and the percent
contribution of fines within the SDA, which were consistent with the placement of dredged material within the
SDA. This was evident from the significant decrease in median grain size within the SDA between B1 and
D1, while there was an increase in median grain size within the ZoIN and ZoIF. This corresponded with a
distinct (but non-significant) increase in the percentage of fines within the SDA between B1 and D1 while
there was a decrease in the percent composition of fines within the ZoIN and ZoIF. Within the SDA, the
decreases in median grain size (and increases in percent fines) also corresponded with decreases in the
abundance and taxon richness of infauna and therefore may support the hypothesis of smothering and burial
via spoil placement being the main cause and effect pathway impacting benthic infauna within the SDA.
Overall, there was a significant net reduction in median particle size between B1 and P1 within the SDA,
although an increase in median grain size between D1 and P1 suggests partial recovery towards baseline
conditions. In terms of the percent composition of fines, there was no net change within the SDA between
B1 and P1 which suggests a recovery of this indicator back to baseline conditions.
Levels of pH within the SDA also appeared to be affected by the placement of dredged material to some
degree. This was evident by the significant decrease in pH within the SDA, between B1 and D1 while there
were significant increases in pH within the ZoIN and ZoIF. Overall, however, there was a significant net
decrease in pH within the SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF, (potentially a result of natural broad scale variability) and it is
therefore unclear as to whether there has been a complete recovery back to baseline levels within the SDA
at the time of sampling in P1. Statistical analysis did not show any obvious or consistent patterns in ORP
indicative of an impact from spoil disposal. Despite the strong corresponding patterns in median grain size
with abundance and taxon richness of infauna, results of the distance-based redundancy analyses did not
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show any obvious correlation between physical parameters measured and patterns observed in the infaunal
assemblages.
As part of the Water Quality and Subtidal Sedimentation Monitoring Program (WQSSMP) composite surface
Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) was estimated from MODIS satellite imagery for the month of May 2014
which was during Season Two Dredging (1 November 2013 to 11 June 2014). The patterns of surface TSS
observed at the SDA during this period indicated that surface suspended sediment concentrations
decreased at a gradient away from the SDA (Cardno 2015c). The sampling locations selected were
therefore considered to be broadly representative of a gradient of TSS from the SDA to the ZoIF. While the
sediment plume associated with the spoil ground during this period varied in the direction of dispersal
(according to natural hydrodynamic conditions), results suggest that both the direct and indirect effects of
spoil disposal on subtidal benthos are likely to have been relatively localised to sites within the SDA. It is
also likely that comparable levels of recovery (in terms of subtidal benthos) would have occurred at any
areas adjacent to the SDA (i.e. not sampled as part of this program), experiencing elevated levels of TSS,
similar to that recorded within the SDA.
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6 Conclusion
The SBMP was designed to detect potential changes in infaunal and epibenthic assemblages living in
subtidal, soft sediment habitats and infer whether any changes observed are a result of dredging and spoil
disposal activities associated with the Project. The aim of this Post Dredging (P1) survey (July 2015) was
specifically to assess the extent of recovery in relation to spoil disposal at the offshore Spoil Disposal Area
(SDA) by comparing the abundance and diversity of infauna and epifauna assemblages with that measured
in the previous Baseline (B1) survey (May 2012 to July 2012) and Dredging (D1) survey (May 2013 to July
2013).
Overall, results have shown that the distribution of epibenthic fauna and flora at locations throughout Darwin
Outer was relatively sparse and patchy during all phases of the SBMP, although a variety of taxa (including
sponges, hydroids, bryozoans, ascidians, macroalgae, gorgonians and corals) were recorded within the
SDA, ZoIN and ZoIF. Approximately 13 months following completion of spoil disposal, there did not appear
to have been any net effects on the percent cover of epifauna at any of the locations surveyed within Darwin
Outer.
In terms of benthic infauna, the overall temporal and spatial patterns of abundance, taxon richness and
assemblage composition observed indicated that as expected, spoil disposal within the SDA did have a
significant impact on the infaunal assemblage as measured during D1. Within the SDA, the changes in
median grain size and percent composition of fines also support the hypothesis of smothering and burial via
spoil placement being the main cause and effect pathway impacting benthic infauna. However, following
completion of spoil disposal, there has also been significant recovery in both the abundance and taxon
richness of these indicators back to baseline levels. Based on the locations monitored, these results also
indicated that the impacts observed were limited to within the boundaries of the SDA and did not have any
indirect net effects on benthic assemblages within the ZoIN and ZoIF.
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7 Acknowledgements
This report was written and compiled by Kate Reeds and reviewed by Christopher Holloway. Field work was
carried out by Kate Reeds, Isabel Jimenez-Denis and Yesmin Chickhani. Laboratory work was carried out
by Kate Reeds, Rick Johnson, Dr Rad Nair, Greig Campbell, Yesmin Chikhani and Dr Andrea Nicastro.
Thanks to Broadsword Marine for providing crew and vessel.
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Sarda, R., Pinedo, S., Gremare, A. and Taboada, S. (2000). Changes in the dynamics of shallow sandy-bottom assemblages due to sand extraction in the Catalan Western Mediterranean Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57, pp. 1446–1453.
Schwinghamer, P. (1981). Characteristic size distributions of integral benthic communities. Canadian Journal of Fish and Aquatic Sciences, 38, pp. 1255–1263.
Semeniuk, V. and Wurm, P.A.S (2000). Molluscs of the Leschenault Inlet Estuary: Their diversity distribution and population dynamics. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 83: 377-418. In Connell and Gillanders (2007).
Tillin, H. M., Houghton, A. J., Saunders, J. E. and Hull, S. C. (2011). Direct and Indirect Impacts of Marine Aggregate Dredging. Marine ALSF Science Monograph Series No. 1. MEPF 10/P144. (Edited by R. C. Newell & J. Measures). 41pp. ISBN: 978 0 907545 43 9.
Underwood, A. J. (1991). Beyond BACI: experimental designs for detecting human environmental impacts on temporal variations in natural populations. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 42, pp. 569–587.
Underwood, A. J. (1992). Beyond BACI: the detection of environmental impacts on populations in the real, but variable, world. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 161, pp. 145–178.
URS Australia Pty. Ltd. (2009). Ichthys Gas Field Development Project: Nearshore Marine Ecology and Benthic Assemblages Study. Prepared for INPEX, Browse Ltd. Perth, Western Australia.
van Dalfsen, J. A., Essink, K., Toxvig Madsen, H., Birklund, J., Romero, J. and Manzanera, M. (2000). Differential response of macrozoobenthos to marine sand extraction in the North Sea and Western Mediterranean. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57, pp. 1439–1445.
Wildsmith, M. D., Potter, I. C., Valesini, F. J. and Platell, M. E. (2005). Do the assemblages of benthic macroinvertebrates in nearshore waters of Western Australia vary among habitat types, zones and seasons? Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85, pp. 217–232.
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
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Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
APPENDIX A FIELD DATA
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 69
Appendix A. Field data collected during P1 (July 2015)
Field data collected from Darwin Offshore with remote drop camera during P1 (July 2015)
Site 1
Zone Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Sp
oil
Dis
po
sal A
rea
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 14:24 14:25
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.25603902 130.797556 -12.25546603 130.797722
171
173
Depth: 19.4 Depth: 18.5
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 14:30 Time on Deck: 14:38
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.25580298 130.797574 -12.25546603 130.797722
172
173
Depth: 18.5 Depth: 18.5
Site 2
Sp
oil
Dis
po
sal A
rea
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 14:49 Time on Deck: 14:58
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.2496676 130.8077661 -12.24912403 130.807852
as per site 2
174
Depth: 19 Depth: 19.1
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 15:00 Time on Deck: 15:04
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.24961798 130.807716 -12.24914499 130.807715
175
176
Depth: 19.6 Depth: 19.2
Site 3
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Sp
oil
Dis
po
sal A
rea
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 15:21 Time on Deck: 15:26
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.24517498 130.800751 -12.24496501 130.800819
177
178
Depth: 19.1 Depth: 18.9
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 15:30 Time on Deck: 15:33
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.24521798 130.800832 -12.24455204 130.800995
179
180
Depth: 19.1 Depth 19.1
Site 4
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Sp
oil
Dis
po
sal
Are
a
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 15:51 Time on Deck: 15:56
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.24111001 130.809474 -12.24119701 130.809666
181
182
Depth: 18.1 Depth: 18.1
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Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 15:59 Time on Deck: 16:04
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.24114597 130.80953 -12.24115703 130.809548
183
184
Depth: 18 Depth: 18
Site 5
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Sp
oil
Dis
po
sal A
rea
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 16:18 Time on Deck: 16:22 Boat not moving very fast so some photoquadrats may be in same position
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.23206904 130.809604 -12.23224204 130.809776
185
186
Depth: 18.5 Depth: 18.5
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 16:25 Time on Deck: 16:31
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.23206099 130.809671 -12.232235 130.809757
187
188
Depth: 18.9 Depth: 18.4
Site 6
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Sp
oil
Dis
po
sal A
rea
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 16:41 Time on Deck: 16:47
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.23487304 130.818888 -12.23502902 130.818688
189
190
Depth: 18.2 Depth: 18
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 16:50 Time on Deck: 16:54
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.23487304 130.818888 -12.23483599 130.818358
189
191
Depth: 18.2 Depth: 18.5
Site 1
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Zo
ne
of
Imp
act
(Nea
r)
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 10:57 Time on Deck: 11:02
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.24543901 130.841387 -12.24524698 130.840338
150
151
Depth: 17.7 Depth: 18
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 11:13 Time on Deck: 11:20
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.24558502 130.84107 -12.24530197 130.84036
152
153
Depth: 18.1 Depth: 18.1
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
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Site 2
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Zo
ne
of
Imp
act
(Ne
ar)
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 10:30 Time on Deck: 10:35
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.25613801 130.837974 -12.25611596 130.836667
146
147
Depth: 16.7 Depth: 16.7
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 10:38 Time on Deck: 10:45
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.25599602 130.837872 -12.25434101 130.836301
148
149
Depth: 16.7 Depth: 16.7
Site 3
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Zo
ne
of
Imp
act
(Nea
r)
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 11:34 Time on Deck: 11:38
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.250054 130.848273 -12.24961404 130.847748
154
155
Depth: 17.5 Depth: 17.6
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 11:41 Time on Deck: 11:48
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.25004696 130.84841 -12.25001704 130.847937
156
157
Depth: 18 Depth: 18
Site 4
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Zo
ne
of
Imp
act
(Nea
r)
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 12:05 Time on Deck: 12:09
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.24144604 130.850234 -12.24129198 130.849573
158
159
Depth: 18.8 Depth: 19.1
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 12:14 Time on Deck: 12:20
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.24131604 130.850073 -12.24101404 130.849594
160
161
Depth: 18.9 Depth: 19.3
Site 5
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Zo
ne
of
Imp
act
(Nea
r)
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 12:35 Time on Deck: 12:41
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.23232402 130.850592 -12.23229401 130.850518
162
163
Depth: 20.7 Depth: 20.7
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 12:55 Time on Deck: 13:00
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.23247799 130.850178 -12.23240498 130.850143
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
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164
165
Depth: 20.5 Depth: 20.5
Site 6
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Zo
ne
of
Imp
act
(Ne
ar)
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 13:38 Time on Deck: 13:43
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.23536698 130.859364 -12.23483599 130.85933
166
167
Depth: 20.2 Depth: 20.3
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 13:45 Time on Deck: 13:51
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.23547502 130.859365 -12.23496599 130.859477
168
169
Depth: 20.4 Depth: 20.3
Site 1
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Zo
ne
of
Imp
act
(Fa
r)
A 27.07.15 Time on Bottom: 14:00 Time on Deck: 14:07
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.25751197 130.878362 -12.25786703 130.87855
125
126
Depth: 17.5 Depth: 17.3
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 27.07.15 Time on Bottom: 14:08 Time on Deck: 14:15
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.25751197 130.878362 -12.25786703 130.87855
125
126
Depth: 17.5 Depth: 17.3
Site 2
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Zo
ne
of
Imp
act
(Fa
r)
A 27.07.15 Time on Bottom: 14:26 Time on Deck: 14:33
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.24696603 130.881635 -12.24718303 130.881744
127
128
Depth: 17.9 Depth: 17.9
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 27.07.15 Time on Bottom: 14:36 Time on Deck: 14:42
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.24696603 130.881635 -12.24764999 130.881646
127
129
Depth: 17.9 Depth: 17.9
Site 3
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Zo
ne
of
Imp
act
(Fa
r) A 27.07.15 Time on Bottom: 15:23 Time on Deck: 15:30
Weather too rough and davit arm broken so suspend work for the day.
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.25147398 130.888643 -12.25168596 130.888416
131
132
Depth: 16.9 Depth: 16.7
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 8:46 Time on Deck: 8:50
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 73
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.25151899 130.888335 -12.25129 130.887225
133
134
Depth: 16 Depth: 16
Site 4
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Zo
ne
of
Imp
act
(Fa
r)
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 9:01 Time on Deck: 9:05
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.24282403 130.890059 -12.24256201 130.889517
135
136
Depth: 16 Depth: 16.1
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 9:08 Time on Deck: 9:12
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.24282403 130.890059 -12.24261104 130.889438
135
137
Depth: 16.3 Depth: 16.4
Site 5
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Zo
ne
of
Imp
act
(Fa
r)
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 9:22 Time on Deck: 9:27
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.23386897 130.890604 -12.233601 130.889673
138
139
Depth: 17.5 Depth: 17.7
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 9:33 Time on Deck: 9:36
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.23387601 130.890236 -12.23352204 130.889319
140
141
Depth: 17.5 Depth: 17.5
Site 6
Transect A Date Start Finish Comments
Zo
ne
of
Imp
act
(Fa
r)
A 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 9:48 Time on Deck: 9:52
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.23677799 130.899588 -12.23674597 130.899375
142
143
Depth: 16.5 Depth: 16.5
Transect B Date Start Finish Comments
B 28.07.15 Time on Bottom: 9:57 Time on Deck: 10:02
Lat: Long Lat: Long
-12.236751 130.899565 -12.23653098 130.898578
144
145
Depth: 16.6 Depth: 16.6
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 74
Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
APPENDIX B CPCE HABITAT DESCRIPTIONS
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 75
Appendix B. Habitat Descriptions during P1 (July 2015)
Location Site
1
2
3
4
5
6
General Habitat Description Example of Representative Photoquadrat
Very fine bare sand and shell grit
Very fine bare sand and shell grit
Very fine bare sand and shell grit
Very fine bare sand with abundant hydroids
Sp
oil D
isp
osa
l A
rea
Very fine bare sand and shell grit
Bare fine sand, occasional hard coral,
sponge, ascidian and bryozoan
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 76
Location Site
1
2
3
4
5
6
Habitat Description
Bare, fine, bioturbated sand with shell grit
and some coral rubble. Occasional
hydroids, bryozoans, stalked ascidians,
sponges and filamentous algae.
Mostly bare, fine, bioturbated sand and
occasional hard coral present.
Bare, fine, bioturbated sand with shell grit.
Occasional hard coral (Acroporidae),
bryozoans, stalked ascidians, sponges and
hydroids
Bare, fine, bioturbated sand with shell grit.
Filamentous algae, occasional stalked
ascidians, seafans, sponges and hydroids .
Bare, fine, bioturbated sand with shell grit
and some coral rubble. Occasional
bryozoans, hydroids, stalked ascidians and
filamentous algae.
Bare, fine, bioturbated sand with shell grit
and some coral rubble. Occasional
bryozoans, hydroids, stalked ascidians and
filamentous algae.
Zo
ne
of Im
pa
ct (N
ea
r)
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 77
Location Site
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sand with shell grit and bryozoan and hard
coral rubble. Filamentous algae and
occasional bryozoans, stalked ascidians
and sponges present.
Bare, bioturbated sand with occasional
hydroids present.
Zo
ne
of Im
pa
ct (F
ar)
Bare sand with shell grit and some
bioturbation. Filamentous algae, occasional
hydroids, stalked ascidians and sea whips
present.
Bare sand with shell grit and some
bioturbation. Filamentous algae, occasional
stalked ascidians present.
Bare bioturbated sand with shell grit and
coral rubble. Bryozoans, hard corals,
sponges, hydroids and stalked ascidians
present
Bare sand with shell grit and hard coral
rubble. Bryzoan, and stalked ascidians
present.
Habitat Description
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
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Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
APPENDIX C CPCE SUMMARY DATA
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 79
Appendix C. CPCe summary data collected for P1 (July 2015)
Location
Site
Transect
Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE
CORAL
Hard Coral 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hydroid 0.32 0.32 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.24 4.04 3.76 2.28 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00
Sea Fan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sea Whip 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.21 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ALGAE
Algal Mat on Sand 0.10 0.10 0.21 0.21 0.31 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Filamentous Algae 0.94 0.94 1.58 0.71 11.46 2.34 3.33 1.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.23 0.00 0.00
Macroalgae 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00
Wrack 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SUBSTRATUM
Burrow 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21 0.52 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Gravel 0.21 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.42 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.42 0.28 0.42 0.24
Organic Debris 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.15 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Rubble 1.48 0.67 1.16 0.42 0.10 0.10 0.94 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.21 0.14 0.21 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.14 0.00 0.00
Sand 95.59 2.83 95.27 1.18 77.81 3.02 85.31 2.19 99.03 0.57 99.37 0.30 98.75 0.50 96.35 0.71 84.75 5.41 95.59 2.66 94.90 1.37 94.27 1.51
Shell Grit 0.10 0.10 0.73 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00
Silt 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bioturbated Sand 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.17 0.42 0.24 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00
SPONGE
Sponge 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
BRYOZOAN
Bryozoan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.83 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ASCIDIAN
Ascidian 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
QUALITY
Poor Quality 1.04 0.64 0.21 0.14 9.38 1.68 6.56 1.04 0.86 0.47 0.52 0.29 0.63 0.30 3.02 0.60 1.94 0.90 0.32 0.23 3.65 0.92 5.21 0.71
OTHER
Other Biota 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TAPE, WAND, SHADOW
Shadow 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tape 0.83 0.30 1.35 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.10 0.64 3.33 0.63 0.31 0.17 0.00 0.00 2.40 0.48 2.71 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Wand 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
BA B A B A B A B A B A
SDA
1 2 3 4 5 6
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 80
Location
Site
Transect
Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE
CORAL
Hard Coral 4.58 4.14 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hydroid 0.52 0.42 1.88 0.95 2.11 1.31 1.71 0.95 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.14 0.53 0.33 0.53 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.14
Sea Fan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sea Whip 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ALGAE
Algal Mat on Sand 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.14 1.36 0.67 0.53 0.43 3.50 1.12 0.11 0.11 0.94 0.37 0.00 0.00
Filamentous Algae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.32 0.32 0.21 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.21 0.14 8.68 1.88 17.57 5.87 5.04 1.91 7.50 1.40
Macroalgae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Wrack 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SUBSTRATUM
Burrow 1.67 0.52 0.42 0.24 0.53 0.20 0.32 0.17 0.31 0.23 0.53 0.20 0.52 0.29 0.52 0.25 0.11 0.11 6.25 5.47 0.52 0.25 1.35 0.50
Gravel 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.20
Organic Debris 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Rubble 0.52 0.42 0.21 0.21 0.32 0.17 0.31 0.17 0.42 0.19 0.52 0.20 1.46 0.54 0.11 0.11 0.22 0.15 0.31 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sand 90.21 4.26 75.83 8.68 93.85 3.20 93.84 4.25 95.26 2.00 96.10 3.06 93.53 1.91 94.66 3.44 79.39 2.55 72.51 8.00 84.93 6.37 85.73 1.35
Shell Grit 0.31 0.17 0.52 0.25 0.11 0.11 0.32 0.17 0.63 0.34 0.21 0.21 0.73 0.26 0.63 0.30 0.87 0.31 0.42 0.24 0.74 0.34 1.25 0.44
Silt 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bioturbated Sand 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.14 0.32 0.32 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.26 1.63 1.78 0.57 0.73 0.34 2.60 0.90
SPONGE
Sponge 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.23 0.95 0.95 0.42 0.24 0.10 0.10 0.22 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.21 0.14 0.31 0.31
BRYOZOAN
Bryozoan 0.42 0.42 1.04 0.52 0.74 0.43 1.17 0.71 0.52 0.36 0.21 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.21 0.14 0.21 0.14
ASCIDIAN
Ascidian 0.63 0.33 0.21 0.14 0.43 0.25 0.11 0.11 0.21 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.21 0.21 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.17
QUALITY
Poor Quality 1.15 0.62 18.13 7.83 0.32 0.17 0.43 0.25 1.15 0.58 1.37 0.51 2.19 0.94 2.40 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.67 6.67 0.00 0.00
OTHER
Other Biota 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.15 0.42 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TAPE, WAND, SHADOW
Shadow 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.02 1.24 0.42 0.18 0.52 0.29 0.00 0.00
Tape 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.60 0.58 2.08 0.45 1.35 0.37 1.56 0.53 0.31 0.17 0.52 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Wand 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
BA B A B A B A B A B A
ZoIN
1 2 3 4 5 6
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Location
Site
Transect
Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE
CORAL
Hard Coral 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.14 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hydroid 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.42 0.28 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.23 0.53 0.33 0.10 0.10 0.42 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.14 0.21 0.14
Sea Fan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sea Whip 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ALGAE
Algal Mat on Sand 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 1.67 0.77 0.86 0.57 0.64 0.34 0.21 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.38 0.21 0.21 0.31 0.17
Filamentous Algae 0.10 0.10 0.21 0.14 1.77 0.59 1.25 0.69 0.54 0.38 0.11 0.11 1.67 0.87 2.51 0.88 0.11 0.11 1.63 0.72 7.19 1.61 8.75 2.28
Macroalgae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.14 0.42 0.42 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.31
Wrack 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SUBSTRATUM
Burrow 0.11 0.11 0.74 0.30 0.73 0.26 0.94 0.26 0.65 0.26 1.06 0.34 0.42 0.19 0.52 0.29 0.54 0.26 0.54 0.26 0.10 0.10 0.31 0.23
Gravel 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Organic Debris 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Rubble 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.32 0.23 0.21 0.14 0.21 0.14
Sand 99.48 1.44 94.02 3.10 96.25 1.59 89.48 3.16 93.90 3.18 96.50 1.49 92.37 3.57 94.78 2.25 97.43 1.67 94.92 2.16 89.79 1.97 78.44 6.16
Shell Grit 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.21 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.28 0.54 0.37 0.54 0.20 0.73 0.34 0.52 0.20
Silt 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bioturbated Sand 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.73 0.43 0.00 0.00
SPONGE
Sponge 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00
BRYOZOAN
Bryozoan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.21 0.21
ASCIDIAN
Ascidian 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00
QUALITY
Poor Quality 0.10 0.10 4.72 2.50 0.10 0.10 5.63 2.29 3.95 1.22 0.75 0.38 3.33 1.92 0.52 0.33 0.64 0.44 0.76 0.45 0.52 0.25 10.73 6.13
OTHER
Other Biota 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TAPE, WAND, SHADOW
Shadow 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tape 1.04 0.29 1.04 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.02 0.54 0.83 0.55 0.31 0.23 0.10 0.10 3.13 0.59 3.23 0.47 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00
Wand 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
BA B A B A B A B A B A
ZoIF
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APPENDIX D CPCE SUMMARY GRAPHS
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Appendix D. CPCE Summary graphs for P1 (July 2015)
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Prepared for INPEX Cardno 84
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Prepared for INPEX Cardno 85
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Prepared for INPEX Cardno 86
Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
APPENDIX E PERMANOVA RESULTS
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Appendix E. Permutational Analysis of Variance. P-values highlighted in bold are significant
(p=<0.05). RED = Redundant term. A term becomes redundant if a lower order interaction including
that term is significant. Res = Residual. This term is a measure of the variation in the data not
explained by the variation attributed to the main factors in the experimental model (i.e. Location and
Site)
1a. Epifauna
PERMANOVA table of results
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 2844.6 1422.3 15.4200 RED
Location 2 1.08E+03 537.95 5.6454 RED
Site(Location) 15 1429.4 95.291 2.7020 RED
PhasexLocation 4 1.16E+03 290.53 3.1497 0.0037
PhasexSite(Location) 30 2.77E+03 92.24 2.6155 0.0001
Res 54 1.90E+03 35.267
Total 107 11184
1b. Epifauna (Biota Only)
PERMANOVA table of results
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 18520 9260.1 5.4894 RED
Location 2 7738 3869 2.2685 0.0162
Site(Location) 15 25583 1705.5 2.4746 RED
PhasexLocation 4 10661 2665.3 1.5800 0.0635
PhasexSite(Location) 30 50607 1686.9 2.4476 0.0001
Res 54 37217 689.21
Total 107 150330
2a. Infauna (Abundance)
PERMANOVA table of results
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 3.36E+05 1.68E+05 35.5230 RED
Location 2 1.25E+05 62276 11.3780 RED
Site(Location) 15 82103 5473.6 3.4962 RED
PhasexLocation 4 1.60E+05 40017 8.4571 0.0002
PhasexSite(Location) 30 1.42E+05 4731.8 3.0224 0.0001
Res 216 3.38E+05 1565.6
Total 269 1.18E+06
2b. Infauna (Taxon Richness)
PERMANOVA table of results
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 8694.5 4347.2 19.1710 RED
Location 2 9425.5 4712.7 26.8870 RED
Site(Location) 15 2629.2 175.28 3.0938 RED
PhasexLocation 4 7277.6 1819.4 8.0236 0.0003
PhasexSite(Location) 30 6802.7 226.76 4.0024 0.0001
Res 216 12238 56.656
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Total 269 4.71E+04
2c. Infauna (Assemblage)
PERMANOVA table of results
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 74897 37449 11.6420 RED
Location 2 32338 16169 4.6820 RED
Site(Location) 15 51801 3453.4 1.8347 RED
PhasexLocation 4 33526 8381.4 2.6055 0.0003
PhasexSite(Location) 30 96505 3216.8 1.7090 0.0001
Res 216 4.07E+05 1882.3
Total 269 6.96E+05
3. Median Grain Size
PERMANOVA table of results
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 0.012689 0.0063445 0.22233 0.8037
Location 2 0.44046 0.22023 2.464 0.1241
Site(Location) 15 1.3407 0.089378 5.441 RED
PhasexLocation 4 0.7125 0.17813 6.2421 0.0008
PhasexSite(Location) 30 0.85609 0.028536 1.7372 0.0378
Res 54 0.88705 0.016427
Total 107 4.2495
4. Percentage (%) Fines
PERMANOVA table of results
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 32.722 16.361 8.93E-02 0.9143
Location 2 280.39 140.19 0.24757 0.7797
Site(Location) 15 8494.4 566.29 5.6074 RED
PhasexLocation 4 4285.7 1071.4 5.851 0.0015
PhasexSite(Location) 30 5493.6 183.12 1.8132 0.0286
Res 54 5453.5 100.99
Total 107 24040
5. pH
PERMANOVA table of results
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 10.31 5.1552 106.17 RED
Location 2 2.8436 1.4218 10.396 RED
Site(Location) 15 2.0719 0.13812 4.6523 RED
PhasexLocation 4 4.5499 1.1375 23.421 0.0001
PhasexSite(Location)** 29 1.4104 0.048635 1.6381 0.0229
Res 314 9.3225 0.029689
Total 366 31.08
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6. ORP
PERMANOVA table of results
Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm)
Phase 2 773170 386590 9.2487 RED
Location 2 73134 36567 0.5242 0.5981
Site(Location) 15 1046400 69757 18.131 RED
PhasexLocation 4 357640 89411 2.1391 0.1042
PhasexSite(Location) 30 1254000 41799 10.864 0.0001
Res 324 1246500 3847.3
Total 377 4750800
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APPENDIX F PAIRWISE TEST RESULTS
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Appendix F. Pairwise Test results. Bold values indicate P=<0.05
1a. Epifauna (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.9722 0.0505
B1, P1 1.7406 0.0454
D1, P1 1.6363 0.1002
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.3135 0.0070
B1, P1 1.7941 0.0380
D1, P1 1.2161 0.2423
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.9337 0.0004
B1, P1 4.8196 0.0012
D1, P1 4.0241 0.0020
1b. Epifauna (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Location')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 1.7493 0.0947
SDA, ZI FAR 3.5562 0.0054
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 2.2864 0.0272
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 0.8457 0.4336
SDA, ZI FAR 2.5045 0.0100
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 2.1722 0.0179
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 1.2227 0.2452
SDA, ZI FAR 0.6659 0.5452
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 1.0880 0.3297
1c. Epifauna (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.7865 0.5766
B1, P1 1.5180 0.2346
D1, P1 0.8936 0.4892
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.0093 0.4338
B1, P1 2.2360 0.1055
D1, P1 1.8596 0.1522
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location'
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Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.8431 0.1536
B1, P1 2.4491 0.0861
D1, P1 2.6922 0.0771
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.4448 0.2576
B1, P1 1.5242 0.2396
D1, P1 1.8359 0.1923
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.2453 0.0945
B1, P1 1.6774 0.1500
D1, P1 2.3813 0.0686
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.7091 0.1855
B1, P1 3.0902 0.0729
D1, P1 3.0585 0.0677
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.4039 0.2589
B1, P1 1.1189 0.3709
D1, P1 1.4337 0.2542
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.2519 0.1163
B1, P1 7.0015 0.0096
D1, P1 2.9493 0.0812
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.0860 0.3941
B1, P1 1.2525 0.3353
D1, P1 4.0958 0.0247
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.8975 0.1390
B1, P1 2.9489 0.0700
D1, P1 6.3020 0.0091
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.0978 0.3840
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B1, P1 2.3994 0.0864
D1, P1 2.2602 0.0966
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.9522 0.4532
B1, P1 1.0709 0.4006
D1, P1 2.8831 0.0551
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 3.5063 0.0372
B1, P1 6.3463 0.0152
D1, P1 6.6007 0.0118
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 3.0917 0.0484
B1, P1 3.0504 0.0759
D1, P1 4.6881 0.0286
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.4666 0.1023
B1, P1 6.7928 0.0085
D1, P1 4.2885 0.0367
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.1415 0.1073
B1, P1 3.2444 0.0619
D1, P1 4.8938 0.0207
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.1778 0.3388
B1, P1 1.6734 0.2259
D1, P1 2.9605 0.0704
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.2672 0.3036
B1, P1 2.8439 0.0600
D1, P1 1.9679 0.1134
1d. Epifauna (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Site')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.6934 0.6186
1, 3 0.6141 0.6858
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1, 4 0.7940 0.5871
1, 5 1.6483 0.1717
1, 6 1.8750 0.1382
2, 3 0.6407 0.6977
2, 4 0.9650 0.4390
2, 5 2.3146 0.0800
2, 6 2.6243 0.0900
3, 4 0.7782 0.5379
3, 5 2.0906 0.1125
3, 6 2.3577 0.1099
4, 5 0.9350 0.4775
4, 6 1.0818 0.3950
5, 6 0.4623 0.8458
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.6452 0.6648
1, 3 0.7462 0.5740
1, 4 0.6287 0.7177
1, 5 1.4989 0.2479
1, 6 0.3029 0.8832
2, 3 1.0867 0.3891
2, 4 1.0294 0.4149
2, 5 2.7308 0.0748
2, 6 0.3150 0.8398
3, 4 0.9560 0.4515
3, 5 0.5930 0.6507
3, 6 0.5716 0.6499
4, 5 1.9592 0.1615
4, 6 0.3352 0.8674
5, 6 0.8671 0.4753
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.0297 0.4045
1, 3 0.8134 0.5767
1, 4 2.1261 0.1281
1, 5 1.6405 0.1875
1, 6 1.5009 0.2343
2, 3 1.1142 0.3729
2, 4 1.5174 0.2482
2, 5 1.5460 0.2196
2, 6 0.7117 0.5690
3, 4 2.5519 0.0787
3, 5 1.9089 0.1322
3, 6 1.6520 0.1859
4, 5 0.5105 0.7598
4, 6 1.6552 0.2026
5, 6 1.3614 0.2800
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.6784 0.6403
1, 3 0.8353 0.5425
1, 4 1.4948 0.2404
1, 5 2.3539 0.0748
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1, 6 1.7566 0.1673
2, 3 1.0629 0.4028
2, 4 1.6932 0.2157
2, 5 3.1907 0.0363
2, 6 2.3375 0.0918
3, 4 1.4636 0.2673
3, 5 3.0897 0.0403
3, 6 2.1326 0.1197
4, 5 0.6379 0.6508
4, 6 0.6550 0.6282
5, 6 0.9855 0.4535
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.6829 0.6402
1, 3 1.6708 0.2117
1, 4 1.7160 0.1974
1, 5 2.3963 0.1083
1, 6 2.3395 0.1130
2, 3 1.1908 0.3475
2, 4 1.3976 0.2524
2, 5 2.1193 0.1431
2, 6 2.0460 0.1443
3, 4 2.1547 0.0878
3, 5 2.2773 0.0871
3, 6 2.3424 0.1015
4, 5 4.1292 0.0256
4, 6 3.9534 0.0251
5, 6 0.6696 0.6640
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 2.5718 0.0961
1, 3 1.6680 0.1979
1, 4 2.0288 0.0978
1, 5 1.5749 0.1908
1, 6 1.9865 0.1180
2, 3 1.5730 0.2159
2, 4 2.8074 0.0660
2, 5 2.6937 0.0735
2, 6 3.0299 0.0533
3, 4 1.7568 0.1848
3, 5 1.7876 0.1718
3, 6 2.1698 0.1076
4, 5 0.4783 0.7991
4, 6 1.0070 0.4338
5, 6 0.8837 0.5264
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 2.0935 0.1256
1, 3 4.8794 0.0183
1, 4 2.5410 0.0760
1, 5 1.5983 0.2331
1, 6 2.6705 0.0753
2, 3 2.5093 0.0788
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2, 4 2.3615 0.1014
2, 5 1.6267 0.1817
2, 6 2.1083 0.1294
3, 4 1.2559 0.3275
3, 5 1.7307 0.2274
3, 6 6.5853 0.0099
4, 5 1.5800 0.2494
4, 6 2.0519 0.1473
5, 6 1.3874 0.2892
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.9975 0.4343
1, 3 1.2074 0.3365
1, 4 1.1207 0.3770
1, 5 1.5406 0.2018
1, 6 1.3205 0.2916
2, 3 2.5110 0.0601
2, 4 2.3261 0.0804
2, 5 2.6479 0.0676
2, 6 4.7170 0.0187
3, 4 1.6000 0.1890
3, 5 2.6156 0.0709
3, 6 4.5141 0.0227
4, 5 2.5438 0.0778
4, 6 3.9821 0.0311
5, 6 1.3621 0.2650
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.2223 0.3407
1, 3 0.8483 0.5216
1, 4 1.5769 0.2089
1, 5 0.8478 0.5307
1, 6 2.7651 0.0901
2, 3 0.8764 0.5011
2, 4 0.8479 0.5291
2, 5 1.0167 0.4254
2, 6 2.0031 0.1492
3, 4 1.4787 0.2131
3, 5 0.8805 0.5156
3, 6 2.7434 0.0859
4, 5 1.2722 0.2984
4, 6 2.1712 0.1302
5, 6 2.5699 0.0991
1e. Epifauna Biota (for the significant term 'Location')
Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 1.6402 0.0285
SDA, ZI FAR 1.7463 0.0135
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 0.9219 0.4984
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1f. Epifauna Biota (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.7404 0.2076
B1, P1 3.9382 0.0306
D1, P1 1.0924 0.3807
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.2495 0.3205
B1, P1 2.6527 0.0568
D1, P1 1.2099 0.3284
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.8909 0.4806
B1, P1 0.9480 0.4476
D1, P1 1.0000 0.4247
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.5435 0.1785
B1, P1 1.7027 0.1804
D1, P1 0.9571 0.4711
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.4458 0.2243
B1, P1 2.4251 0.0715
D1, P1 2.2620 0.0780
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.0944 0.3899
B1, P1 0.8114 0.5531
D1, P1 0.9555 0.4537
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.0618 0.4098
B1, P1 1.2099 0.3275
D1, P1 1.1820 0.3339
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.8348 0.1467
B1, P1 5.3491 0.0126
D1, P1 2.4431 0.0763
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location'
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Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.5546 0.0701
B1, P1 1.3519 0.2684
D1, P1 2.2907 0.0663
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.3917 0.2285
B1, P1 1.2210 0.3184
D1, P1 1.5947 0.1736
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.1588 0.3470
B1, P1 3.4290 0.0306
D1, P1 2.5678 0.0558
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.8025 0.6135
B1, P1 2.9616 0.0426
D1, P1 3.0633 0.0367
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.5033 0.2227
B1, P1 1.6235 0.1931
D1, P1 3.4452 0.0501
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.3910 0.2555
B1, P1 3.1926 0.0407
D1, P1 1.4312 0.2265
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.2702 0.2898
B1, P1 2.9546 0.0452
D1, P1 1.8434 0.1333
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.7050 0.6799
B1, P1 2.5769 0.0475
D1, P1 1.8565 0.1303
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.9408 0.4749
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B1, P1 0.9768 0.4548
D1, P1 0.6475 0.6837
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.1993 0.3341
B1, P1 3.5046 0.0339
D1, P1 5.6463 0.0120
1g. Epifauna Biota (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Site')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 4.1252 0.0311
1, 3 0.9490 0.4454
1, 4 1.9451 0.1228
1, 5 2.0489 0.1113
1, 6 1.0506 0.4112
2, 3 0.8558 0.5105
2, 4 2.0200 0.1092
2, 5 2.7378 0.0490
2, 6 1.9813 0.1194
3, 4 1.0617 0.4126
3, 5 1.1988 0.3258
3, 6 0.9928 0.4545
4, 5 1.1192 0.3753
4, 6 1.4066 0.2406
5, 6 1.0868 0.3955
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.1419 0.3681
1, 3 0.5403 0.7300
1, 4 0.8006 0.5900
1, 5 1.0745 0.3912
1, 6 0.8408 0.5564
2, 3 0.7618 0.5713
2, 4 0.7688 0.5343
2, 5 1.1830 0.3479
2, 6 0.6972 0.6120
3, 4 0.8049 0.5651
3, 5 0.8977 0.4921
3, 6 0.6208 0.7176
4, 5 0.6937 0.6226
4, 6 0.5933 0.7330
5, 6 0.4224 0.8720
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.5796 0.1796
1, 3 1.0968 0.3898
1, 4 1.1647 0.3411
1, 5 1.0815 0.3898
1, 6 1.1444 0.3554
2, 3 2.8594 0.0639
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2, 4 1.2268 0.3152
2, 5 1.0752 0.3977
2, 6 1.4951 0.2073
3, 4 1.8763 0.1194
3, 5 1.4257 0.2279
3, 6 1.8647 0.1373
4, 5 0.5021 0.7945
4, 6 0.7188 0.6347
5, 6 0.5202 0.7433
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.6590 0.6536
1, 3 1.7017 0.2217
1, 4 1.0340 0.4244
1, 5 1.3413 0.2837
1, 6 0.6433 0.6702
2, 3 0.9927 0.4230
2, 4 0.7968 0.5558
2, 5 0.9263 0.4723
2, 6 0.5875 0.6958
3, 4 0.7046 0.6029
3, 5 1.0000 0.4162
3, 6 1.1497 0.3673
4, 5 0.4529 0.7733
4, 6 0.8468 0.5285
5, 6 0.7843 0.5768
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.2505 0.2981
1, 3 1.4629 0.2279
1, 4 1.2494 0.3308
1, 5 1.2285 0.3129
1, 6 1.5300 0.1826
2, 3 1.5796 0.1890
2, 4 1.2447 0.2962
2, 5 0.7612 0.6203
2, 6 0.9846 0.4582
3, 4 1.4278 0.2392
3, 5 1.3275 0.2709
3, 6 1.8485 0.1507
4, 5 1.1072 0.3783
4, 6 1.1413 0.3647
5, 6 1.0114 0.4325
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.9012 0.5069
1, 3 1.4417 0.2522
1, 4 1.8361 0.1388
1, 5 1.0554 0.4114
1, 6 3.3050 0.0346
2, 3 1.0816 0.3979
2, 4 0.9385 0.4821
2, 5 0.7800 0.6129
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2, 6 1.5861 0.1829
3, 4 0.9354 0.4917
3, 5 1.2141 0.3256
3, 6 2.0107 0.1027
4, 5 0.9883 0.4567
4, 6 0.9398 0.4800
5, 6 1.6659 0.1756
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.7442 0.1516
1, 3 3.8200 0.0343
1, 4 3.3582 0.0469
1, 5 2.7256 0.0585
1, 6 2.3990 0.0910
2, 3 2.7038 0.0582
2, 4 2.6372 0.0692
2, 5 2.0473 0.0939
2, 6 2.4218 0.0734
3, 4 0.5798 0.6135
3, 5 3.0472 0.0541
3, 6 0.7529 0.5399
4, 5 2.9509 0.0491
4, 6 0.8935 0.4912
5, 6 2.7657 0.0569
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.9928 0.4329
1, 3 1.2115 0.3208
1, 4 1.3885 0.2520
1, 5 1.9348 0.1070
1, 6 1.9402 0.1228
2, 3 2.2786 0.0798
2, 4 2.7534 0.0609
2, 5 3.4963 0.0299
2, 6 4.3004 0.0201
3, 4 1.6071 0.1889
3, 5 3.3150 0.0352
3, 6 3.6624 0.0274
4, 5 2.9469 0.0471
4, 6 3.0635 0.0577
5, 6 1.4160 0.2451
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 2.9956 0.0443
1, 3 2.2783 0.0910
1, 4 4.1112 0.0250
1, 5 0.9394 0.4631
1, 6 10.8540 0.0031
2, 3 1.6953 0.1484
2, 4 1.3740 0.2568
2, 5 0.5771 0.7479
2, 6 3.1786 0.0443
3, 4 2.4923 0.0670
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3, 5 0.6219 0.7014
3, 6 4.5275 0.0191
4, 5 0.9374 0.4719
4, 6 3.3886 0.0358
5, 6 1.9273 0.1330
2a. Infauna Abundance (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.1980 0.0232
B1, P1 1.1268 0.3081
D1, P1 3.5727 0.0208
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 0.4110 0.6935
B1, P1 7.0018 0.0012
D1, P1 5.7768 0.0032
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 0.3478 0.7564
B1, P1 4.2592 0.0105
D1, P1 4.5739 0.0079
2b. Infauna Abundance (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Location')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 1.1511 0.2868
SDA, ZI FAR 0.4045 0.6807
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 0.9661 0.3534
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 2.1059 0.0567
SDA, ZI FAR 2.2869 0.0102
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 0.4577 0.6808
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 6.5338 0.0018
SDA, ZI FAR 4.7646 0.0023
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 1.1947 0.2840
2c. Infauna Abundance (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.1162 0.9104
B1, P1 0.7624 0.4651
D1, P1 0.7660 0.4718
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.3180 0.2281
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B1, P1 1.7069 0.1254
D1, P1 5.2036 0.0008
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 4.2755 0.0038
B1, P1 1.9059 0.0998
D1, P1 2.0655 0.0705
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.7300 0.1224
B1, P1 0.6053 0.5563
D1, P1 1.8378 0.1022
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 3.4352 0.0089
B1, P1 0.8644 0.4159
D1, P1 3.3477 0.0101
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 3.1224 0.0077
B1, P1 2.5870 0.0249
D1, P1 1.8720 0.0972
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 3.3292 0.0089
B1, P1 10.1470 0.0001
D1, P1 6.0906 0.0003
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.8650 0.0956
B1, P1 3.6437 0.0064
D1, P1 4.0601 0.0060
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.0003 0.0861
B1, P1 3.7625 0.0055
D1, P1 1.9049 0.0904
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.9089 0.0951
B1, P1 2.5614 0.0072
D1, P1 3.4774 0.0086
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Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 3.1895 0.0138
B1, P1 4.2795 0.0028
D1, P1 8.8226 0.0001
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.5060 0.0371
B1, P1 5.7846 0.0006
D1, P1 10.2060 0.0001
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.3884 0.2071
B1, P1 3.5475 0.0083
D1, P1 6.0028 0.0076
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.2806 0.0545
B1, P1 0.7545 0.4761
D1, P1 2.6130 0.0304
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 3.2761 0.0116
B1, P1 3.5148 0.0069
D1, P1 7.8287 0.0087
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.5048 0.1747
B1, P1 2.3763 0.0466
D1, P1 0.4175 0.6830
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.2210 0.8286
B1, P1 4.6266 0.0144
D1, P1 7.9517 0.0091
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.2588 0.0494
B1, P1 6.2788 0.0004
D1, P1 4.4387 0.0031
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2d. Infauna Abundance (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Site')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.3130 0.7635
1, 3 3.0329 0.0153
1, 4 0.8791 0.4142
1, 5 2.1013 0.0718
1, 6 1.8705 0.0964
2, 3 2.0882 0.0648
2, 4 0.4622 0.6609
2, 5 1.7281 0.1234
2, 6 1.5023 0.1685
3, 4 1.5688 0.1548
3, 5 0.3383 0.7467
3, 6 0.0640 0.9491
4, 5 1.3875 0.1993
4, 6 1.1530 0.2511
5, 6 0.2242 0.8289
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.6444 0.5460
1, 3 0.8136 0.4333
1, 4 1.8649 0.1013
1, 5 1.3007 0.2309
1, 6 1.0840 0.3066
2, 3 0.4005 0.6980
2, 4 1.5622 0.1556
2, 5 0.9006 0.3960
2, 6 0.6044 0.5595
3, 4 1.0438 0.3310
3, 5 0.3726 0.7204
3, 6 0.0738 0.9393
4, 5 0.7438 0.4737
4, 6 1.0838 0.3128
5, 6 0.3501 0.7298
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.4710 0.6423
1, 3 1.4548 0.1854
1, 4 1.0835 0.3163
1, 5 0.1838 0.8621
1, 6 1.4035 0.2015
2, 3 1.2716 0.2357
2, 4 0.8086 0.4456
2, 5 0.1322 0.8952
2, 6 2.7027 0.0274
3, 4 0.2837 0.7853
3, 5 0.8489 0.4285
3, 6 3.9972 0.0043
4, 5 0.6251 0.5463
4, 6 2.9923 0.0164
5, 6 1.1579 0.2760
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Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 2.5156 0.0369
1, 3 2.6071 0.0302
1, 4 2.0165 0.0798
1, 5 9.5330 0.0001
1, 6 8.1840 0.0001
2, 3 0.3876 0.7140
2, 4 0.2453 0.8161
2, 5 2.7629 0.0284
2, 6 2.1956 0.0597
3, 4 0.0847 0.9405
3, 5 4.3333 0.0024
3, 6 3.5090 0.0070
4, 5 2.8127 0.0227
4, 6 2.3037 0.0516
5, 6 1.4747 0.1826
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 4.4707 0.0033
1, 3 0.0550 0.9551
1, 4 3.7569 0.0065
1, 5 5.7175 0.0005
1, 6 4.8670 0.0014
2, 3 4.5771 0.0021
2, 4 1.7281 0.1207
2, 5 2.1367 0.0684
2, 6 0.7646 0.4713
3, 4 3.8632 0.0048
3, 5 5.8358 0.0006
3, 6 4.9748 0.0011
4, 5 4.3028 0.0032
4, 6 2.5195 0.0343
5, 6 1.2650 0.2332
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.0917 0.9283
1, 3 0.3892 0.7051
1, 4 2.8851 0.0172
1, 5 2.2321 0.0600
1, 6 1.9908 0.0830
2, 3 0.4459 0.6709
2, 4 2.8783 0.0179
2, 5 2.0447 0.0734
2, 6 1.8835 0.0974
3, 4 2.7478 0.0316
3, 5 1.8397 0.1044
3, 6 1.6379 0.1404
4, 5 2.2488 0.0724
4, 6 2.1767 0.0738
5, 6 0.1069 0.9136
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location'
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Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.0005 0.3435
1, 3 0.0778 0.9400
1, 4 0.5163 0.6073
1, 5 0.5829 0.5728
1, 6 1.7317 0.1235
2, 3 1.4774 0.1748
2, 4 2.6994 0.0272
2, 5 0.2153 0.8374
2, 6 5.3153 0.0011
3, 4 0.5837 0.5803
3, 5 0.7523 0.4736
3, 6 2.2929 0.0500
4, 5 1.2394 0.2451
4, 6 2.2860 0.0515
5, 6 2.4243 0.0381
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.0909 0.9287
1, 3 4.3277 0.0035
1, 4 0.2469 0.8081
1, 5 2.8912 0.0175
1, 6 3.8111 0.0052
2, 3 1.8088 0.1143
2, 4 0.1305 0.7930
2, 5 1.3195 0.2201
2, 6 1.5003 0.1724
3, 4 1.7531 0.0489
3, 5 1.1361 0.2843
3, 6 0.9481 0.3825
4, 5 1.3262 0.2268
4, 6 1.4805 0.1759
5, 6 0.3748 0.7210
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 2.5528 0.0361
1, 3 0.3016 0.7732
1, 4 0.8974 0.3966
1, 5 3.3854 0.0160
1, 6 0.2860 0.7792
2, 3 3.2589 0.0108
2, 4 2.3877 0.0184
2, 5 5.3679 0.0082
2, 6 2.6415 0.0294
3, 4 0.7989 0.4511
3, 5 3.5992 0.0077
3, 6 0.0669 0.9468
4, 5 1.3033 0.2149
4, 6 0.7026 0.4933
5, 6 2.9464 0.0198
2e. Infauna Taxon Richness (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
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B1, D1 3.2698 0.0289
B1, P1 2.3217 0.0733
D1, P1 2.1326 0.0859
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 0.0233 0.9841
B1, P1 17.0370 0.0002
D1, P1 3.7562 0.0063
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 0.1453 0.8787
B1, P1 5.7858 0.0042
D1, P1 4.7472 0.0070
2f. Infauna Taxon Richness (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Location')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 0.5186 0.6081
SDA, ZI FAR 0.5005 0.6138
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 0.0368 0.9829
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 2.6383 0.0248
SDA, ZI FAR 3.5918 0.0041
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 0.0484 0.9746
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 9.7821 0.0016
SDA, ZI FAR 6.8767 0.0026
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 1.1049 0.3140
2g. Infauna Taxon Richness (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.1827 0.8640
B1, P1 0.3336 0.7546
D1, P1 0.4577 0.6626
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.3225 0.2205
B1, P1 1.1526 0.2821
D1, P1 3.9198 0.0037
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 3.9372 0.0045
B1, P1 2.3771 0.0446
D1, P1 1.7990 0.1105
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Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.0103 0.0793
B1, P1 2.6261 0.0277
D1, P1 0.1787 0.8596
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 4.7532 0.0012
B1, P1 2.0121 0.0807
D1, P1 4.4978 0.0019
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 5.0221 0.0011
B1, P1 3.5576 0.0096
D1, P1 1.7589 0.1161
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 4.5714 0.0024
B1, P1 6.3085 0.0005
D1, P1 1.2123 0.2550
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.8625 0.1013
B1, P1 8.3248 0.0001
D1, P1 10.5930 0.0001
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 4.6648 0.0031
B1, P1 5.0153 0.0016
D1, P1 0.7062 0.5030
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.4686 0.1793
B1, P1 3.3811 0.0094
D1, P1 7.0989 0.0001
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 3.1151 0.0143
B1, P1 3.7874 0.0048
D1, P1 7.1213 0.0001
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
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B1, D1 2.3163 0.0518
B1, P1 4.5963 0.0023
D1, P1 7.8351 0.0002
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.2347 0.8225
B1, P1 4.8535 0.0013
D1, P1 5.9448 0.0006
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.3597 0.2089
B1, P1 1.3123 0.2309
D1, P1 2.0100 0.0839
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.0464 0.0779
B1, P1 4.7552 0.0015
D1, P1 4.6912 0.0018
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.2137 0.2654
B1, P1 2.1835 0.0618
D1, P1 0.5488 0.6028
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.2641 0.7961
B1, P1 3.0919 0.0163
D1, P1 5.1241 0.0009
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.3743 0.0474
B1, P1 3.6689 0.0059
D1, P1 2.1467 0.0625
2h. Infauna Taxon Richness (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Site')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.3399 0.7402
1, 3 2.7001 0.0276
1, 4 0.8671 0.4121
1, 5 2.0965 0.0672
1, 6 2.0123 0.0773
2, 3 1.7590 0.1181
2, 4 0.3539 0.7342
2, 5 1.5305 0.1662
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2, 6 1.3385 0.2136
3, 4 1.5485 0.1597
3, 5 0.0812 0.9362
3, 6 0.3072 0.7652
4, 5 1.3227 0.2181
4, 6 1.1002 0.2998
5, 6 0.3321 0.7476
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.3737 0.2052
1, 3 1.0000 0.3488
1, 4 2.3676 0.0465
1, 5 1.6231 0.1401
1, 6 1.9865 0.0836
2, 3 0.1152 0.9100
2, 4 1.6187 0.1450
2, 5 0.6791 0.5099
2, 6 1.0499 0.3257
3, 4 1.5112 0.1696
3, 5 0.6642 0.5195
3, 6 0.9676 0.3655
4, 5 0.8877 0.4002
4, 6 0.6843 0.5173
5, 6 0.2592 0.8016
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.9086 0.3972
1, 3 2.0236 0.0751
1, 4 1.5160 0.1654
1, 5 0.6242 0.5505
1, 6 0.8102 0.4372
2, 3 1.8282 0.1082
2, 4 1.0317 0.3336
2, 5 0.1169 0.9082
2, 6 1.8430 0.1079
3, 4 0.0888 0.9318
3, 5 0.6111 0.5638
3, 6 2.8651 0.0211
4, 5 0.4921 0.6393
4, 6 2.2458 0.0579
5, 6 1.2137 0.2572
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.7053 0.1311
1, 3 1.9846 0.0827
1, 4 1.7211 0.1253
1, 5 6.0696 0.0008
1, 6 5.8926 0.0005
2, 3 0.1160 0.9152
2, 4 0.3834 0.7234
2, 5 3.5373 0.0087
2, 6 3.1860 0.0132
3, 4 0.3126 0.7570
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3, 5 3.8552 0.0050
3, 6 3.5109 0.0085
4, 5 2.1256 0.0632
4, 6 1.7922 0.1128
5, 6 0.9117 0.3907
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 5.2839 0.0006
1, 3 0.3207 0.7526
1, 4 3.7630 0.0056
1, 5 6.0643 0.0002
1, 6 4.8359 0.0016
2, 3 8.1429 0.0001
2, 4 2.0180 0.0776
2, 5 1.9751 0.0832
2, 6 0.4241 0.6742
3, 4 5.7553 0.0006
3, 5 8.1334 0.0001
3, 6 6.5101 0.0003
4, 5 3.4569 0.0075
4, 6 1.9328 0.0926
5, 6 1.2692 0.2387
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.3390 0.7395
1, 3 0.0364 0.9716
1, 4 2.9640 0.0198
1, 5 2.1276 0.0581
1, 6 2.0669 0.0691
2, 3 0.3300 0.7538
2, 4 2.7869 0.0232
2, 5 1.8640 0.1049
2, 6 1.8641 0.0984
3, 4 2.5967 0.0334
3, 5 1.5820 0.1530
3, 6 1.5880 0.1518
4, 5 1.8487 0.0989
4, 6 1.7049 0.1225
5, 6 0.1366 0.8968
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 2.0014 0.0835
1, 3 0.4692 0.6490
1, 4 1.3463 0.2164
1, 5 0.2648 0.7953
1, 6 1.5092 0.1601
2, 3 1.9490 0.0878
2, 4 5.1699 0.0013
2, 5 2.0866 0.0688
2, 6 4.8872 0.0017
3, 4 2.4004 0.0426
3, 5 0.2306 0.8232
3, 6 2.4845 0.0349
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4, 5 1.9980 0.0848
4, 6 0.3375 0.7488
5, 6 2.1213 0.0632
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.3833 0.7069
1, 3 0.5675 0.5930
1, 4 1.1212 0.3048
1, 5 0.3055 0.7638
1, 6 0.2349 0.8130
2, 3 0.3138 0.7663
2, 4 1.8188 0.0968
2, 5 0.6695 0.5221
2, 6 0.8392 0.4357
3, 4 1.8399 0.1004
3, 5 0.8082 0.4391
3, 6 0.9719 0.3569
4, 5 0.6597 0.5278
4, 6 1.0719 0.3213
5, 6 0.1460 0.8905
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.8943 0.0957
1, 3 0.3467 0.7412
1, 4 0.7353 0.4808
1, 5 1.3278 0.2219
1, 6 1.2261 0.2546
2, 3 1.7926 0.1092
2, 4 1.3426 0.2124
2, 5 2.5859 0.0334
2, 6 0.8172 0.4392
3, 4 0.5218 0.6023
3, 5 1.6582 0.1333
3, 6 1.0765 0.3112
4, 5 1.7963 0.1128
4, 6 0.5664 0.5883
5, 6 2.1053 0.0719
2i. Infauna (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.1774 0.0038
B1, P1 1.8320 0.0030
D1, P1 1.8997 0.0012
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.6340 0.0109
B1, P1 3.9797 0.0007
D1, P1 3.0871 0.0008
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.9631 0.0030
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B1, P1 2.7507 0.0010
D1, P1 2.6990 0.0028
2j. Infauna (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Location')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 1.1680 0.1567
SDA, ZI FAR 1.6603 0.0021
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 1.4635 0.0137
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 1.6697 0.0195
SDA, ZI FAR 1.9707 0.0063
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 0.8932 0.5978
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 2.6768 0.0019
SDA, ZI FAR 2.3561 0.0026
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 1.3050 0.0685
2k. Infauna (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.2927 0.0064
B1, P1 1.5324 0.0077
D1, P1 1.7352 0.0079
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.2934 0.0236
B1, P1 1.4455 0.0150
D1, P1 1.8332 0.0088
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.5837 0.0080
B1, P1 1.7789 0.0081
D1, P1 2.0637 0.0075
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.4019 0.0082
B1, P1 1.9098 0.0074
D1, P1 1.6722 0.0079
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.2768 0.0070
B1, P1 1.1656 0.2028
D1, P1 1.9503 0.0083
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Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.8752 0.0085
B1, P1 1.7698 0.0077
D1, P1 1.3630 0.0491
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.3702 0.0231
B1, P1 2.1679 0.0080
D1, P1 1.8632 0.0086
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.4674 0.0078
B1, P1 2.2924 0.0083
D1, P1 2.2440 0.0056
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.3286 0.0716
B1, P1 1.7938 0.0084
D1, P1 1.4304 0.0095
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.2258 0.1221
B1, P1 1.6962 0.0074
D1, P1 2.2453 0.0085
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.4940 0.0157
B1, P1 1.9187 0.0067
D1, P1 2.0221 0.0076
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.3662 0.0171
B1, P1 1.7739 0.0084
D1, P1 2.1514 0.0083
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.7345 0.0088
B1, P1 1.6187 0.0086
D1, P1 1.9393 0.0083
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site'
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Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.5423 0.0170
B1, P1 1.5978 0.0089
D1, P1 1.4345 0.0311
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.5979 0.0095
B1, P1 1.9704 0.0085
D1, P1 1.7460 0.0087
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.2061 0.0811
B1, P1 1.9188 0.0093
D1, P1 1.2391 0.0379
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.2185 0.0856
B1, P1 2.0477 0.0093
D1, P1 2.5765 0.0085
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.5094 0.0083
B1, P1 1.9278 0.0070
D1, P1 2.0849 0.0065
2l. Infauna (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Site')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.0219 0.4182
1, 3 1.3959 0.0238
1, 4 1.1313 0.1073
1, 5 1.2262 0.0640
1, 6 1.3026 0.0609
2, 3 1.4611 0.0178
2, 4 1.0722 0.2737
2, 5 1.2879 0.0629
2, 6 1.2046 0.0792
3, 4 1.4135 0.0294
3, 5 0.8838 0.7445
3, 6 1.1301 0.2584
4, 5 1.0913 0.2136
4, 6 1.2429 0.0966
5, 6 1.0037 0.4146
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 0.9646 0.5753
1, 3 0.9544 0.5806
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1, 4 1.1078 0.1999
1, 5 1.0682 0.3147
1, 6 0.8356 0.8966
2, 3 1.2039 0.1453
2, 4 1.1430 0.1616
2, 5 1.1621 0.2066
2, 6 1.0285 0.3534
3, 4 1.1388 0.1661
3, 5 1.1340 0.2120
3, 6 0.8156 0.8593
4, 5 1.1308 0.1614
4, 6 1.0919 0.2230
5, 6 0.8695 0.8195
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 0.9867 0.5224
1, 3 1.3181 0.0221
1, 4 1.1416 0.1762
1, 5 1.0049 0.4591
1, 6 1.4062 0.0165
2, 3 0.9275 0.7254
2, 4 1.0862 0.2927
2, 5 1.0501 0.3213
2, 6 1.4191 0.0081
3, 4 1.3303 0.0086
3, 5 1.1656 0.1179
3, 6 1.7056 0.0091
4, 5 1.0178 0.4276
4, 6 1.4853 0.0178
5, 6 1.1639 0.1232
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 1.6255 0.0101
1, 3 1.9504 0.0089
1, 4 1.1606 0.0315
1, 5 2.1260 0.0085
1, 6 1.8245 0.0080
2, 3 1.7650 0.0080
2, 4 0.9550 0.6240
2, 5 1.3672 0.0219
2, 6 1.0006 0.4698
3, 4 1.5758 0.0081
3, 5 1.9999 0.0081
3, 6 1.8062 0.0085
4, 5 1.3385 0.0567
4, 6 1.1463 0.1393
5, 6 0.8451 0.7765
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 1.7519 0.0090
1, 3 1.2215 0.0319
1, 4 1.7593 0.0079
1, 5 1.6298 0.0076
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1, 6 1.7533 0.0067
2, 3 1.5670 0.0092
2, 4 1.2076 0.0471
2, 5 1.1839 0.1018
2, 6 1.1470 0.1280
3, 4 1.2728 0.0246
3, 5 1.5426 0.0071
3, 6 1.5189 0.0078
4, 5 1.1995 0.1006
4, 6 1.1081 0.1958
5, 6 0.9496 0.6350
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 0.9890 0.4721
1, 3 0.9294 0.6782
1, 4 1.7017 0.0156
1, 5 1.4734 0.0329
1, 6 1.6053 0.0157
2, 3 0.8412 0.7115
2, 4 1.4291 0.0237
2, 5 1.2236 0.0629
2, 6 1.3656 0.0314
3, 4 1.2637 0.0815
3, 5 0.8966 0.8217
3, 6 1.1280 0.1500
4, 5 1.3582 0.0753
4, 6 1.3924 0.0449
5, 6 0.9635 0.5991
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 1.4264 0.0295
1, 3 1.3320 0.0250
1, 4 1.5107 0.0339
1, 5 1.1827 0.2224
1, 6 1.3187 0.1015
2, 3 1.6450 0.0101
2, 4 2.0466 0.0052
2, 5 1.2445 0.1585
2, 6 1.8028 0.0072
3, 4 1.9321 0.0067
3, 5 1.4333 0.0091
3, 6 1.6940 0.0079
4, 5 1.4249 0.0583
4, 6 1.1072 0.2719
5, 6 1.2520 0.1010
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 1.0397 0.2793
1, 3 1.2418 0.0398
1, 4 0.9914 0.4858
1, 5 1.2251 0.0429
1, 6 1.3210 0.0080
2, 3 1.3100 0.0161
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2, 4 0.9279 0.6422
2, 5 1.1941 0.0775
2, 6 1.2332 0.0828
3, 4 1.1861 0.0964
3, 5 0.9828 0.5488
3, 6 1.1598 0.0929
4, 5 1.0483 0.3309
4, 6 1.1032 0.1512
5, 6 1.0467 0.3528
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 1.1481 0.1293
1, 3 1.1523 0.1368
1, 4 1.3703 0.0167
1, 5 1.7095 0.0087
1, 6 1.4142 0.0152
2, 3 1.2776 0.0225
2, 4 1.4528 0.0081
2, 5 2.0009 0.0073
2, 6 1.5616 0.0088
3, 4 1.1425 0.1959
3, 5 1.6657 0.0087
3, 6 1.4283 0.0175
4, 5 1.2840 0.0650
4, 6 1.1293 0.1705
5, 6 1.2553 0.0327
3a. Median Grain Size (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.2374 0.0256
B1, P1 2.8696 0.0301
D1, P1 2.1707 0.0835
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.8547 0.0297
B1, P1 0.6399 0.5692
D1, P1 1.7186 0.1543
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.3541 0.0263
B1, P1 0.5765 0.6120
D1, P1 0.6196 0.5820
3b. Median Grain Size (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Location')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 1.0315 0.3382
SDA, ZI FAR 0.8910 0.4131
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 0.0974 0.9215
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
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SDA, ZI NEAR 4.1854 0.0057
SDA, ZI FAR 4.2075 0.0072
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 1.2947 0.2270
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 1.5562 0.1466
SDA, ZI FAR 1.1296 0.3226
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 0.1806 0.8546
3c. Median Grain Size (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 5.7857 0.0295
B1, P1 3.3257 0.0819
D1, P1 1.7730 0.2160
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.7598 0.1063
B1, P1 1.6517 0.2377
D1, P1 1.2515 0.3391
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 0.2955 0.7938
B1, P1 0.5915 0.6044
D1, P1 1.4562 0.2772
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.1614 0.0851
B1, P1 1.1908 0.3587
D1, P1 4.6788 0.0428
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.7794 0.2093
B1, P1 0.8398 0.4927
D1, P1 5.2858 0.0352
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.5691 0.1291
B1, P1 1.4076 0.2900
D1, P1 0.9110 0.4580
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.5374 0.2730
B1, P1 3.7914 0.0633
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D1, P1 1.1643 0.3694
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.0422 0.0896
B1, P1 0.2966 0.7937
D1, P1 2.0307 0.1840
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 8.6800 0.0145
B1, P1 3.5961 0.0724
D1, P1 1.3755 0.2982
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 0.3333 0.7660
B1, P1 2.1538 0.1671
D1, P1 0.0839 0.9405
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 0.3656 0.7456
B1, P1 1.2712 0.3451
D1, P1 1.0118 0.4146
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.8409 0.0610
B1, P1 20.4290 0.0039
D1, P1 7.0028 0.0195
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.4142 0.2970
B1, P1 0.2272 0.8425
D1, P1 1.8503 0.2035
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.4142 0.2959
B1, P1 3.2046 0.0925
D1, P1 4.7418 0.0397
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 0.2094 0.8596
B1, P1 0.4250 0.7123
D1, P1 0.8176 0.5009
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location'
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Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 0.7363 0.5307
B1, P1 0.6833 0.5648
D1, P1 0.2777 0.8174
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 0.0000 1.0000
B1, P1 4.6618 0.0431
D1, P1 4.6618 0.0423
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.5410 0.1252
B1, P1 0.4812 0.6800
D1, P1 1.9003 0.1943
3d. Median Grain Size (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Site')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.6591 0.5804
1, 3 1.2396 0.3486
1, 4 4.2442 0.0546
1, 5 0.6776 0.5703
1, 6 0.3656 0.7487
2, 3 0.4689 0.6826
2, 4 1.2875 0.3171
2, 5 0.8668 0.4763
2, 6 0.6934 0.5624
3, 4 0.6111 0.5991
3, 5 1.0793 0.3968
3, 6 1.0518 0.4101
4, 5 1.3703 0.3036
4, 6 1.6977 0.2373
5, 6 0.4381 0.7047
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.4142 0.2837
1, 3 2.9403 0.1021
1, 4 5.7619 0.0288
1, 5 1.4142 0.2898
1, 6 1.0000 0.4203
2, 3 4.2442 0.0498
2, 4 7.8710 0.0166
2, 5 0.0000 1.0000
2, 6 3.0323 0.0960
3, 4 1.0000 0.4212
3, 5 4.2442 0.0502
3, 6 3.0000 0.0964
4, 5 7.8710 0.0170
4, 6 Denominator is 0
5, 6 3.0323 0.0937
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Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 4.4717 0.0461
1, 3 0.7157 0.5485
1, 4 1.1817 0.3593
1, 5 6.1665 0.0267
1, 6 4.4717 0.0479
2, 3 0.7632 0.5289
2, 4 0.0000 1.0000
2, 5 2.5410 0.1273
2, 6 0.0000 1.0000
3, 4 0.4856 0.6715
3, 5 1.6603 0.2357
3, 6 0.7632 0.5212
4, 5 0.7363 0.5405
4, 6 0.0000 1.0000
5, 6 2.5410 0.1291
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.6043 0.2519
1, 3 2.3112 0.1495
1, 4 1.2492 0.3358
1, 5 1.1234 0.3726
1, 6 1.2492 0.3323
2, 3 3.4640 0.0742
2, 4 0.8409 0.4860
2, 5 1.1862 0.3568
2, 6 0.8409 0.4855
3, 4 3.2951 0.0760
3, 5 3.2379 0.0816
3, 6 3.2951 0.0774
4, 5 0.5183 0.6483
4, 6 0.0000 1.0000
5, 6 0.5183 0.6464
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.8623 0.4820
1, 3 1.0000 0.4181
1, 4 1.8724 0.1961
1, 5 1.0843 0.3908
1, 6 1.1222 0.3775
2, 3 1.0000 0.4256
2, 4 3.0593 0.0944
2, 5 0.6819 0.5610
2, 6 1.4142 0.2887
3, 4 2.8933 0.1006
3, 5 0.4200 0.7160
3, 6 1.0000 0.4192
4, 5 1.4000 0.2936
4, 6 2.3303 0.1435
5, 6 0.1216 0.9106
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase'
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Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 4.2442 0.0497
1, 3 0.6111 0.6082
1, 4 4.8692 0.0404
1, 5 4.8692 0.0402
1, 6 4.8692 0.0385
2, 3 1.2396 0.3424
2, 4 1.3934 0.2978
2, 5 1.3934 0.3051
2, 6 1.3934 0.2983
3, 4 1.8441 0.2102
3, 5 1.8441 0.2036
3, 6 1.8441 0.2020
4, 5 0.0000 1.0000
4, 6 0.0000 1.0000
5, 6 0.0000 1.0000
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.1084 0.3867
1, 3 0.4884 0.6708
1, 4 0.6243 0.5920
1, 5 1.8971 0.1998
1, 6 0.2937 0.7947
2, 3 1.0074 0.4181
2, 4 1.6348 0.2401
2, 5 2.5986 0.1159
2, 6 0.3475 0.7607
3, 4 1.5054 0.2692
3, 5 2.9114 0.1010
3, 6 0.1376 0.9034
4, 5 1.4308 0.2828
4, 6 0.5798 0.6131
5, 6 1.2481 0.3329
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.0878 0.3938
1, 3 1.7670 0.2215
1, 4 16.4420 0.0036
1, 5 2.0404 0.1786
1, 6 23.0860 0.0023
2, 3 2.0844 0.1755
2, 4 2.2885 0.1465
2, 5 0.7803 0.5103
2, 6 2.5638 0.1212
3, 4 3.7776 0.0610
3, 5 2.6064 0.1143
3, 6 3.9408 0.0608
4, 5 1.0447 0.4018
4, 6 1.4223 0.2872
5, 6 1.2850 0.3159
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
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1, 2 2.4780 0.1355
1, 3 0.6022 0.5977
1, 4 11.2790 0.0091
1, 5 13.8630 0.0044
1, 6 5.2632 0.0384
2, 3 0.5946 0.6043
2, 4 8.1249 0.0148
2, 5 11.7030 0.0081
2, 6 3.2653 0.0820
3, 4 3.9902 0.0544
3, 5 7.0190 0.0187
3, 6 2.4235 0.1356
4, 5 6.9708 0.0209
4, 6 2.3212 0.1448
5, 6 6.9923 0.0187
4a. Percentage Fines (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.4471 0.2096
B1, P1 0.9173 0.3835
D1, P1 2.9819 0.0352
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 4.8314 0.0054
B1, P1 0.6345 0.5419
D1, P1 3.2541 0.0279
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 13.4160 0.0002
B1, P1 0.4178 0.6811
D1, P1 1.8792 0.1196
4b. Percentage Fines (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Location')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 1.3057 0.2220
SDA, ZI FAR Negative
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 1.0780 0.2990
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 2.0228 0.0777
SDA, ZI FAR 2.0535 0.0759
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR Negative
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 1.9318 0.0839
SDA, ZI FAR 0.9958 0.3232
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 0.7863 0.4415
4c. Percentage Fines (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location'
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Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.2341 0.8328
B1, P1 0.5145 0.6462
D1, P1 0.5300 0.6443
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.2686 0.1565
B1, P1 3.7262 0.0683
D1, P1 1.0730 0.3972
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 4.1100 0.0541
B1, P1 4.5000 0.0458
D1, P1 2.0000 0.1846
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.7022 0.5571
B1, P1 9.0000 0.0127
D1, P1 2.6875 0.1163
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.7421 0.2225
B1, P1 1.0290 0.4048
D1, P1 16.2000 0.0047
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 2.2475 0.1563
B1, P1 0.4406 0.7038
D1, P1 0.6454 0.5882
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.6462 0.2355
B1, P1 0.8575 0.4813
D1, P1 1.1873 0.3633
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 3.3941 0.0741
B1, P1 1.9799 0.1930
D1, P1 5.3740 0.0323
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 3.5777 0.0683
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B1, P1 2.4597 0.1347
D1, P1 0.8839 0.4718
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.0518 0.9645
B1, P1 0.2828 0.8047
D1, P1 0.1664 0.8811
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.8700 0.4845
B1, P1 1.1926 0.3457
D1, P1 1.4471 0.2750
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 5.4000 0.0319
B1, P1 8.0432 0.0168
D1, P1 12.5220 0.0065
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.6402 0.5874
B1, P1 0.8176 0.4959
D1, P1 1.4000 0.2999
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 3.5000 0.0747
B1, P1 5.0000 0.0354
D1, P1 13.0000 0.0052
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.3627 0.7567
B1, P1 0.5181 0.6492
D1, P1 2.1856 0.1596
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.8458 0.4792
B1, P1 1.8000 0.2128
D1, P1 1.8571 0.2100
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 1.0000 0.4204
B1, P1 1.0000 0.4200
D1, P1 Denominator is 0
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Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(MC)
B1, D1 0.7670 0.5216
B1, P1 0.0735 0.9439
D1, P1 2.6679 0.1121
4d. Percentage Fines (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Site')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 2.5298 0.1190
1, 3 1.7889 0.2141
1, 4 3.5794 0.0713
1, 5 0.1688 0.8824
1, 6 0.0619 0.9590
2, 3 0.6576 0.5711
2, 4 2.3351 0.1426
2, 5 0.3784 0.7288
2, 6 1.1234 0.3761
3, 4 0.6478 0.5864
3, 5 0.6054 0.6114
3, 6 1.3014 0.3199
4, 5 0.9386 0.4493
4, 6 2.0540 0.1790
5, 6 0.1838 0.8728
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.8050 0.5044
1, 3 1.2999 0.3205
1, 4 1.8842 0.2066
1, 5 0.0000 1.0000
1, 6 0.0958 0.9364
2, 3 3.5920 0.0699
2, 4 3.7199 0.0648
2, 5 1.1523 0.3676
2, 6 1.3720 0.3043
3, 4 1.1163 0.3784
3, 5 1.9415 0.1875
3, 6 3.0000 0.0986
4, 5 2.4947 0.1272
4, 6 3.1514 0.0853
5, 6 0.1491 0.9010
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 2.9711 0.0970
1, 3 0.4957 0.6751
1, 4 1.4977 0.2734
1, 5 3.2527 0.0867
1, 6 3.1095 0.0867
2, 3 0.3493 0.7536
2, 4 0.3221 0.7787
2, 5 1.2999 0.3193
2, 6 1.3969 0.3017
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3, 4 0.2004 0.8606
3, 5 0.7045 0.5650
3, 6 0.8160 0.4985
4, 5 1.0539 0.3989
4, 6 1.2091 0.3478
5, 6 0.3049 0.7869
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 2.3722 0.1424
1, 3 1.8605 0.2059
1, 4 1.4534 0.2905
1, 5 3.1530 0.0850
1, 6 2.0075 0.1800
2, 3 3.5390 0.0674
2, 4 0.7614 0.5272
2, 5 1.0529 0.4094
2, 6 0.8692 0.4784
3, 4 2.5575 0.1273
3, 5 18.3360 0.0038
3, 6 3.9346 0.0611
4, 5 0.0000 1.0000
4, 6 0.0261 0.9813
5, 6 0.0468 0.9655
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.4308 0.7093
1, 3 0.5896 0.6081
1, 4 2.2068 0.1546
1, 5 0.3239 0.7721
1, 6 0.0735 0.9472
2, 3 1.5900 0.2592
2, 4 2.9441 0.0965
2, 5 0.6485 0.5836
2, 6 0.7809 0.5224
3, 4 2.0307 0.1866
3, 5 0.0445 0.9652
3, 6 1.1180 0.3762
4, 5 1.4824 0.2716
4, 6 2.7116 0.1169
5, 6 0.4210 0.7132
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 3.0000 0.0908
1, 3 1.4129 0.2961
1, 4 2.2314 0.1558
1, 5 3.8333 0.0642
1, 6 4.2353 0.0521
2, 3 1.1818 0.3606
2, 4 0.7143 0.5503
2, 5 Denominator is 0
2, 6 15.0000 0.0038
3, 4 0.6136 0.5967
3, 5 2.0909 0.1763
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3, 6 2.5350 0.1302
4, 5 2.1429 0.1631
4, 6 2.8284 0.1026
5, 6 5.0000 0.0397
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 4.2426 0.0496
1, 3 2.4000 0.1383
1, 4 2.4000 0.1381
1, 5 1.8199 0.2078
1, 6 0.5491 0.6344
2, 3 8.4000 0.0154
2, 4 8.4000 0.0136
2, 5 7.5668 0.0173
2, 6 0.6276 0.6087
3, 4 Denominator is 0
3, 5 1.6667 0.2451
3, 6 1.0400 0.4081
4, 5 1.6667 0.2384
4, 6 1.0400 0.4073
5, 6 0.9383 0.4447
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.9206 0.1940
1, 3 0.2000 0.8671
1, 4 5.7540 0.0298
1, 5 1.9379 0.1946
1, 6 6.0083 0.0276
2, 3 1.3780 0.3060
2, 4 3.9223 0.0635
2, 5 0.8462 0.4897
2, 6 4.2710 0.0495
3, 4 4.0931 0.0551
3, 5 1.6641 0.2365
3, 6 4.3656 0.0520
4, 5 0.7474 0.5267
4, 6 1.3416 0.3071
5, 6 0.9864 0.4303
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.8974 0.1954
1, 3 0.7036 0.5550
1, 4 7.2222 0.0184
1, 5 7.4444 0.0203
1, 6 6.1936 0.0268
2, 3 0.7017 0.5498
2, 4 15.6670 0.0039
2, 5 16.3330 0.0048
2, 6 8.6000 0.0146
3, 4 5.0000 0.0378
3, 5 5.1818 0.0347
3, 6 4.3572 0.0470
4, 5 Denominator is 0
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4, 6 1.0000 0.4188
5, 6 1.5000 0.2721
5a. pH (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 4.9607 0.0045
B1, P1 14.3480 0.0003
D1, P1 1.7575 0.1543
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 4.7214 0.0012
B1, P1 11.8090 0.0001
D1, P1 11.2720 0.0008
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 5.3177 0.0063
B1, P1 4.6434 0.0062
D1, P1 7.5628 0.0017
5b. pH (for the significant term '(PhasexLocation)Location')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 2.1589 0.0603
SDA, ZI FAR 1.3711 0.2041
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 0.2096 0.8011
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 5.1399 0.0021
SDA, ZI FAR 5.0258 0.0023
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 0.0574 0.9741
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Groups t P(perm)
SDA, ZI NEAR 2.5296 0.0237
SDA, ZI FAR 3.3009 0.0043
ZI NEAR, ZI FAR 0.5356 0.6245
5c. pH (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 5.8271 0.0005
B1, P1 7.1659 0.0006
D1, P1 0.4465 0.6723
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.1657 0.0150
B1, P1 18.8920 0.0005
D1, P1 0.1329 0.9442
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Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1
B1, P1 6.7327 0.0008
D1, P1
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.5148 0.1744
B1, P1 10.0820 0.0005
D1, P1 1.4311 0.2091
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.4976 0.0217
B1, P1 6.9951 0.0013
D1, P1 1.8700 0.0881
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.4463 0.0064
B1, P1 7.6339 0.0010
D1, P1 1.2021 0.2728
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.3729 0.0388
B1, P1 4.1456 0.0016
D1, P1 6.1669 0.0005
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 5.0918 0.0012
B1, P1 4.9909 0.0009
D1, P1 11.1730 0.0006
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.4279 0.1727
B1, P1 3.7041 0.0027
D1, P1 5.4635 0.0006
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.0413 0.0119
B1, P1 4.8644 0.0009
D1, P1 10.3130 0.0001
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
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B1, D1 1.1899 0.2568
B1, P1 7.5723 0.0010
D1, P1 9.1694 0.0006
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.2357 0.0077
B1, P1 5.7877 0.0006
D1, P1 7.1339 0.0006
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.4334 0.0314
B1, P1 1.0426 0.3230
D1, P1 2.6539 0.0251
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.8813 0.0037
B1, P1 4.1012 0.0022
D1, P1 10.7510 0.0002
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 0.3142 0.8242
B1, P1 2.4057 0.0343
D1, P1 1.3525 0.2139
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.3732 0.2164
B1, P1 3.3796 0.0077
D1, P1 7.5034 0.0016
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.6398 0.0240
B1, P1 7.3059 0.0005
D1, P1 9.2556 0.0003
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.7214 0.1118
B1, P1 7.4686 0.0005
D1, P1 10.8500 0.0005
5d. pH (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Site')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 2.6676 0.0188
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1, 3 1.0639 0.3046
1, 4 1.6068 0.1352
1, 5 0.2971 0.7705
1, 6 1.0603 0.3095
2, 3 2.0683 0.0637
2, 4 1.5639 0.1426
2, 5 3.3573 0.0057
2, 6 4.4533 0.0008
3, 4 0.6450 0.5262
3, 5 1.0087 0.3334
3, 6 2.4510 0.0304
4, 5 1.7718 0.1006
4, 6 3.1527 0.0079
5, 6 1.6312 0.1219
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.4560 0.6577
1, 3 0.0524 0.9588
1, 4 0.6604 0.5206
1, 5 0.9100 0.3782
1, 6 0.3332 0.7482
2, 3 0.3758 0.7067
2, 4 0.2066 0.8320
2, 5 0.4635 0.6539
2, 6 0.1625 0.8764
3, 4 0.5649 0.5751
3, 5 0.7931 0.4388
3, 6 0.2553 0.8030
4, 5 0.2596 0.8058
4, 6 0.3927 0.7059
5, 6 0.6845 0.5001
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 2.2655 0.0453
1, 3 1.7010 0.1150
1, 4 1.8059 0.0977
1, 5 4.6091 0.0008
1, 6 4.8853 0.0005
2, 3 0.2952 0.7703
2, 4 0.2165 0.8332
2, 5 0.8023 0.4439
2, 6 2.0544 0.0642
3, 4 0.4477 0.6730
3, 5 1.0975 0.3027
3, 6 2.2594 0.0530
4, 5 0.3563 0.7246
4, 6 1.4313 0.1821
5, 6 1.6112 0.1290
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 0.7018 0.5068
1, 3 1, 4 1.9063 0.0940
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1, 5 2.8355 0.0167
1, 6 1.8668 0.0886
2, 3 2, 4 1.7899 0.1107
2, 5 2.4397 0.0366
2, 6 1.9059 0.0833
3, 4 3, 5 3, 6 4, 5 0.2764 0.7832
4, 6 0.2032 0.8494
5, 6 0.5676 0.5739
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.9303 0.3739
1, 3 1.0078 0.3350
1, 4 1.3659 0.1981
1, 5 2.7834 0.0125
1, 6 0.4009 0.6900
2, 3 2.2820 0.0428
2, 4 3.4789 0.0044
2, 5 5.4414 0.0003
2, 6 0.4106 0.6938
3, 4 0.1475 0.8881
3, 5 1.7574 0.1068
3, 6 1.3965 0.1877
4, 5 2.5904 0.0226
4, 6 1.8044 0.0931
5, 6 3.1420 0.0101
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.7182 0.1255
1, 3 0.3208 0.8165
1, 4 0.6025 0.5538
1, 5 1.0738 0.3088
1, 6 1.9008 0.0885
2, 3 1.3161 0.2043
2, 4 1.4334 0.1827
2, 5 1.0227 0.3290
2, 6 0.3566 0.7354
3, 4 0.6285 0.7142
3, 5 0.9560 0.4678
3, 6 1.4353 0.1466
4, 5 0.5168 0.6205
4, 6 1.6399 0.1308
5, 6 1.3087 0.2141
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 3.1655 0.0082
1, 3 0.0924 0.9298
1, 4 1.6423 0.1290
1, 5 1.7225 0.1122
1, 6 0.9651 0.3573
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2, 3 2.7632 0.0186
2, 4 12.5560 0.0001
2, 5 5.6138 0.0003
2, 6 4.0990 0.0014
3, 4 1.2589 0.2342
3, 5 1.4556 0.1667
3, 6 0.7913 0.4489
4, 5 0.6828 0.5112
4, 6 0.2252 0.8265
5, 6 0.6436 0.5231
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 1.1925 0.2550
1, 3 0.2030 0.8422
1, 4 0.4786 0.6358
1, 5 3.9600 0.0012
1, 6 1.9442 0.0761
2, 3 1.4080 0.1909
2, 4 0.8505 0.4146
2, 5 2.7868 0.0163
2, 6 0.9112 0.3792
3, 4 0.7142 0.4799
3, 5 4.1948 0.0020
3, 6 2.1326 0.0551
4, 5 3.8696 0.0020
4, 6 1.6976 0.1137
5, 6 1.5709 0.1417
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(MC)
1, 2 0.8195 0.4251
1, 3 0.3485 0.7369
1, 4 1.3172 0.2127
1, 5 1.4283 0.1734
1, 6 1.9666 0.0718
2, 3 0.3906 0.7079
2, 4 1.0612 0.3111
2, 5 1.3156 0.2164
2, 6 2.4673 0.0312
3, 4 0.9477 0.3705
3, 5 1.0599 0.3083
3, 6 1.6307 0.1283
4, 5 0.1409 0.8918
4, 6 1.0126 0.3326
5, 6 0.9174 0.3801
6a. ORP (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Phase')
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.4455 0.0131
B1, P1 2.1045 0.0572
D1, P1 4.2787 0.0049
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location'
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Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.5901 0.0046
B1, P1 1.2537 0.2226
D1, P1 0.8079 0.4404
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 1.6008 0.1340
B1, P1 2.2827 0.0305
D1, P1 2.7977 0.0171
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 5.7453 0.0005
B1, P1 1.6543 0.1230
D1, P1 6.3720 0.0006
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 30.7040 0.0007
B1, P1 1.4323 0.1765
D1, P1 19.2880 0.0005
Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 15.8090 0.0012
B1, P1 2.4231 0.0291
D1, P1 2.2876 0.0614
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 0.1263 0.8942
B1, P1 11.6710 0.0005
D1, P1 11.0530 0.0005
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 6.6445 0.0007
B1, P1 2.1483 0.0554
D1, P1 5.1083 0.0009
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.9756 0.0034
B1, P1 10.6150 0.0007
D1, P1 4.1015 0.0032
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 8.7420 0.0007
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B1, P1 36.5570 0.0009
D1, P1 1.7710 0.1086
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 2.5650 0.0273
B1, P1 7.7320 0.0011
D1, P1 1.2223 0.3035
Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.3478 0.0119
B1, P1 9.0934 0.0008
D1, P1 0.6605 0.5230
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '1' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 14.5930 0.0007
B1, P1 4.5527 0.0020
D1, P1 2.4985 0.0100
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '2' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 5.1202 0.0010
B1, P1 9.1928 0.0011
D1, P1 1.3475 0.2211
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '3' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.9282 0.0043
B1, P1 7.3658 0.0005
D1, P1 1.5206 0.0946
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '4' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.5061 0.0061
B1, P1 2.8313 0.0143
D1, P1 0.6937 0.5020
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '5' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 3.7838 0.0051
B1, P1 6.6950 0.0009
D1, P1 8.1915 0.0010
Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Within level '6' of factor 'Site' Groups t P(perm)
B1, D1 0.8259 0.4697
B1, P1 0.5717 0.5773
D1, P1 0.0984 0.9156
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6b. ORP (for the significant term '(PhasexSite(Location)Site')
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 2.1049 0.0697
1, 3 10.0330 0.0009
1, 4 17.2500 0.0003
1, 5 27.5590 0.0008
1, 6 19.6760 0.0008
2, 3 2.4114 0.0367
2, 4 5.3860 0.0008
2, 5 6.9391 0.0003
2, 6 6.2306 0.0005
3, 4 6.4513 0.0005
3, 5 12.0190 0.0006
3, 6 8.4362 0.0007
4, 5 3.8021 0.0027
4, 6 1.8925 0.0847
5, 6 1.3839 0.1930
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 0.4159 0.7004
1, 3 1.7783 0.0874
1, 4 4.5370 0.0048
1, 5 1.9089 0.0855
1, 6 2.4085 0.0405
2, 3 2.7634 0.0217
2, 4 5.4831 0.0007
2, 5 1.7574 0.1078
2, 6 2.4042 0.0353
3, 4 11.0380 0.0008
3, 5 3.6743 0.0055
3, 6 5.4925 0.0007
4, 5 1.1671 0.2642
4, 6 2.3031 0.0567
5, 6 0.1060 0.9325
Within level 'B1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 0.7734 0.4615
1, 3 1.4125 0.1759
1, 4 4.5142 0.0020
1, 5 0.1670 0.8797
1, 6 0.5793 0.6032
2, 3 0.5939 0.5619
2, 4 4.1524 0.0011
2, 5 0.5499 0.5953
2, 6 1.1054 0.2895
3, 4 4.6153 0.0015
3, 5 1.1415 0.2657
3, 6 1.6025 0.1340
4, 5 3.7309 0.0017
4, 6 2.0895 0.0230
5, 6 0.6556 0.5313
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Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 4.8586 0.0033
1, 3 2.0266 0.0731
1, 4 1.8583 0.0850
1, 5 5.7220 0.0011
1, 6 5.2606 0.0016
2, 3 7.7466 0.0009
2, 4 1.9043 0.0812
2, 5 1.1141 0.3179
2, 6 1.0656 0.3336
3, 4 3.7186 0.0060
3, 5 8.8224 0.0005
3, 6 7.9366 0.0004
4, 5 2.5055 0.0347
4, 6 2.4410 0.0264
5, 6 0.2501 0.7907
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 5.7946 0.0009
1, 3 2.4113 0.0384
1, 4 8.9709 0.0004
1, 5 3.6386 0.0064
1, 6 4.2490 0.0021
2, 3 6.8897 0.0006
2, 4 13.4350 0.0010
2, 5 6.8577 0.0005
2, 6 7.7718 0.0011
3, 4 4.2102 0.0008
3, 5 1.8239 0.0867
3, 6 2.1385 0.0586
4, 5 0.8042 0.4439
4, 6 0.7742 0.4654
5, 6 0.0979 0.9208
Within level 'D1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 1.9016 0.0940
1, 3 2.1858 0.0067
1, 4 7.0052 0.0008
1, 5 2.2419 0.0512
1, 6 5.6639 0.0034
2, 3 0.2979 0.7719
2, 4 4.1283 0.0036
2, 5 0.7170 0.4735
2, 6 3.6953 0.0070
3, 4 3.7308 0.0055
3, 5 0.4544 0.6601
3, 6 3.3822 0.0116
4, 5 2.7703 0.0178
4, 6 0.2103 0.8492
5, 6 2.6336 0.0287
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'SDA' of factor 'Location'
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Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 0.7059 0.4795
1, 3 0.5870 0.5307
1, 4 13.2070 0.0008
1, 5 12.1030 0.0006
1, 6 1.8655 0.0913
2, 3 0.0064 0.9959
2, 4 5.0283 0.0008
2, 5 4.9091 0.0012
2, 6 1.1129 0.2757
3, 4 4.0283 0.0056
3, 5 3.9557 0.0077
3, 6 1.0100 0.3831
4, 5 0.1256 0.9097
4, 6 2.3722 0.0344
5, 6 2.3228 0.0439
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI NEAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 2.3594 0.0307
1, 3 0.8107 0.4462
1, 4 0.4189 0.6899
1, 5 0.9602 0.3506
1, 6 2.0744 0.0627
2, 3 1.8550 0.0938
2, 4 2.3193 0.0253
2, 5 2.0769 0.0766
2, 6 1.6193 0.1592
3, 4 0.6757 0.5533
3, 5 0.1956 0.8666
3, 6 0.6915 0.5017
4, 5 0.9480 0.3681
4, 6 2.4196 0.0396
5, 6 1.3519 0.1987
Within level 'P1' of factor 'Phase' Within level 'ZI FAR' of factor 'Location' Groups t P(perm)
1, 2 2.0493 0.0319
1, 3 1.9213 0.0491
1, 4 1.4624 0.1742
1, 5 9.0901 0.0006
1, 6 1.5555 0.1606
2, 3 0.2579 0.8058
2, 4 3.0093 0.0073
2, 5 24.0250 0.0008
2, 6 2.5363 0.0517
3, 4 2.9287 0.0133
3, 5 22.1710 0.0007
3, 6 2.4893 0.0595
4, 5 4.3475 0.0016
4, 6 0.4563 0.6432
5, 6 2.3885 0.0286
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Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
APPENDIX G SIMPER RESULTS
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Appendix G: SIMPER results. Location level results only are presented
1a. Epifauna All Habitats (for the significant term 'PhaseLocation') Groups B1SDA & B1ZoIF Average dissimilarity = 13.67
Group B1SDA Group B1ZoIF
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Sand 91.09 80.47 5.72 1.78 41.82 41.82
Shell Grit 2.50 11.60 4.70 1.63 34.40 76.22
Bioturbated Sand 2.42 3.13 1.16 1.19 8.50 84.72
Gravel 0.03 1.19 0.60 0.81 4.36 89.08
Rubble 1.07 0.81 0.47 1.13 3.47 92.55
Groups B1ZoIN & B1ZoIF Average dissimilarity = 11.71
Group B1ZoIN Group B1ZoIF
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Sand 87.24 80.47 4.60 1.52 39.30 39.30
Shell Grit 5.58 11.60 3.80 1.35 32.48 71.79
Bioturbated Sand 3.76 3.13 1.44 1.24 12.34 84.12
Gravel 0.04 1.19 0.59 0.81 5.05 89.18
Rubble 1.03 0.81 0.34 1.40 2.91 92.08
Groups B1ZoIN & D1ZoIN Average dissimilarity = 10.84
Group B1ZoIN Group D1ZoIN
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Sand 87.24 82.47 4.74 1.11 43.71 43.71
Shell Grit 5.58 0.47 2.76 1.17 25.47 69.17
Bioturbated Sand 3.76 3.62 1.56 1.33 14.36 83.53
Rubble 1.03 0.22 0.44 1.54 4.04 87.57
Hydroid 0.14 0.36 0.20 0.94 1.89 89.45
Filamentous Algae 0.01 0.35 0.18 1.27 1.67 91.12
Groups B1ZoIF & D1ZoIF Average dissimilarity = 16.39
Group B1ZoIF Group D1ZoIF
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Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Sand 80.47 72.97 5.14 1.09 31.32 31.32
Shell Grit 11.60 3.75 4.47 1.49 27.29 58.61
Bioturbated Sand 3.13 10.55 4.16 1.18 25.36 83.97
Gravel 1.19 0.23 0.58 0.79 3.53 87.50
Hydroid 0.43 0.72 0.39 1.08 2.38 89.88
Rubble 0.81 0.51 0.36 1.29 2.21 92.09
Groups D1SDA & D1ZoIF Average dissimilarity = 17.39
Group D1SDA Group D1ZoIF
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Sand 84.48 72.97 8.09 1.40 46.53 46.53
Bioturbated Sand 2.64 10.55 4.65 1.25 26.72 73.25
Shell Grit 0.10 3.75 2.00 1.17 11.52 84.77
Rubble 0.84 0.51 0.44 0.97 2.53 87.31
Hydroid 0.00 0.72 0.40 0.92 2.33 89.63
Filamentous Algae 0.45 0.32 0.31 0.98 1.75 91.39
Groups D1ZoIN & D1ZoIF
Average dissimilarity = 15.31
Group B1ZoIF Group D1ZoIF
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Sand 82.47 72.97 6.97 1.38 45.49 45.49
Bioturbated Sand 3.62 10.55 4.17 1.13 27.20 72.69
Shell Grit 0.47 3.75 1.81 1.06 11.85 84.54
Hydroid 0.36 0.72 0.39 1.04 2.55 87.09
Rubble 0.22 0.51 0.26 1.08 1.68 88.77
Burrow 0.40 0.49 0.22 1.34 1.42 90.19
Groups B1SDA & P1SDA
Average dissimilarity = 8.58
Group B1SDA Group P1SDA
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Sand 91.09 93.10 3.39 1.29 39.51 39.51
Shell Grit 2.50 0.11 1.25 1.15 14.53 54.04
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Bioturbated Sand 2.42 0.10 1.19 1.47 13.89 67.93
Filamentous Algae 0.00 1.47 0.77 0.46 8.98 76.90
Hydroid 0.11 1.43 0.75 0.43 8.70 85.61
Rubble 1.07 0.37 0.50 1.02 5.85 91.45
Groups B1ZoIN & P1ZoIN
Average dissimilarity = 12.55
Group B1ZoIN Group P1ZoIN
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Sand 87.24 87.99 4.19 1.37 33.40 33.40
Shell Grit 5.58 0.56 2.61 1.16 20.81 54.21
Bioturbated Sand 3.76 1.00 1.72 1.31 13.70 67.90
Filamentous Algae 0.01 3.31 1.67 0.63 13.33 81.23
Burrow 0.38 1.09 0.45 0.57 3.59 84.82
Rubble 1.03 0.37 0.39 1.48 3.12 87.94
Hydroid 0.14 0.69 0.34 0.97 2.74 90.68
Groups B1ZoIF & P1ZoIF
Average dissimilarity = 17.21
Group B1ZoIF Group P1ZoIF
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Sand 80.47 93.11 6.74 2.01 39.16 39.16
Shell Grit 11.60 0.26 5.78 2.02 33.56 72.72
Bioturbated Sand 3.13 0.08 1.56 1.24 9.05 81.77
Filamentous Algae 0.00 2.15 1.11 0.78 6.44 88.21
Gravel 1.19 0.07 0.59 0.80 3.42 91.63
Groups D1ZoIF & P1ZoIF
Average dissimilarity = 21.24
Group D1ZoIF Group P1ZoIF
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Sand 72.97 93.11 10.88 1.96 51.20 51.20
Bioturbated Sand 10.55 0.08 5.61 1.56 26.40 77.61
Shell Grit 3.75 0.26 1.83 1.12 8.63 86.24
Filamentous Algae 0.32 2.15 1.08 0.75 5.09 91.32
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
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1b. Epifauna Biota Only (for the significant term 'PhaseLocation')
Groups SDA & ZoIN
Average dissimilarity = 89.89
Group SDA Group ZoIN
Species Av.Abund Av.Abund Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Filamentous Algae 0.64 1.22 21.21 0.79 23.59 23.59
Hydroid 0.51 0.4 15.88 0.73 17.67 41.26
Sponge 0.11 0.22 10.99 0.70 12.23 53.49
Bryozoan 0.1 0.18 7.70 0.61 8.57 62.06
Algal Mat on Sand 0.05 0.24 6.55 0.48 7.29 69.35
Hard Coral 0.08 0.23 6.17 0.47 6.86 76.21
Sea Whip 0.06 0.08 5.33 0.39 5.93 82.14
Ascidian 0.02 0.14 5.15 0.71 5.73 87.87
Macroalgae 0.04 0.05 3.62 0.46 4.03 91.90
Groups SDA & ZoIF
Average dissimilarity = 88.91
Group SDA Group ZoIF
Species Av.Abund Av.Abund Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Filamentous Algae 0.64 0.83 22.27 0.88 25.05 25.05
Hydroid 0.51 0.46 21.50 0.87 24.18 49.23
Algal Mat on Sand 0.05 0.24 9.58 0.60 10.78 60.01
Sponge 0.11 0.11 7.78 0.59 8.75 68.76
Bryozoan 0.1 0.13 6.93 0.60 7.80 76.56
Macroalgae 0.04 0.11 4.84 0.54 5.44 82.00
Ascidian 0.02 0.11 4.32 0.65 4.85 86.85
Hard Coral 0.08 0.05 3.62 0.39 4.07 90.92
Groups ZoIN & ZoIF
Average dissimilarity = 79.62
Group ZoIN Group ZoIF
Species Av.Abund Av.Abund Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
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Filamentous Algae 1.22 0.83 20.77 0.82 26.08 26.08
Hydroid 0.4 0.46 15.21 0.93 19.10 45.18
Algal Mat on Sand 0.24 0.24 9.31 0.68 11.69 56.88
Sponge 0.22 0.11 6.71 0.81 8.42 65.30
Bryozoan 0.18 0.13 6.00 0.75 7.53 72.83
Hard Coral 0.23 0.05 5.35 0.44 6.72 79.56
Ascidian 0.14 0.11 4.74 0.88 5.96 85.52
Macroalgae 0.05 0.11 3.65 0.55 4.58 90.10
2a. Infauna (for the significant term 'PhaseLocation'). Note: Only species contributing to 5% or more to total dissimilarity included Groups B1SDA & B1ZoIF
Average dissimilarity = 66.65
Group B1SDA Group B1ZoIF
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 10.53 6.83 5.64 1.16 8.47 8.47
Apseudidae 4.83 8.23 4.76 0.88 7.15 15.62
Leptocheliidae 0.57 7.40 4.71 0.99 7.06 22.68
Groups B1ZoIN & B1ZoIF Average dissimilarity = 63.11
Group B1ZoIN Group B1ZoIF
Species Av, Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Leptocheliidae 1.70 7.40 4.53 1.01 7.18 7.18
Apseudidae 4.47 8.23 4.50 0.87 7.13 14.31
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 6.43 6.83 4.35 1.14 6.90 21.21
Groups B1SDA & D1SDA Average dissimilarity = 80.34
Group B1SDA Group D1SDA
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 10.53 2.73 7.89 1.25 9.82 9.82
Apseudidae 4.83 0.97 4.06 1.23 5.05 14.88
Groups B1ZoIN & D1ZoIN
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Average dissimilarity = 68.37
Group B1ZoIN Group D1ZoIN
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 6.43 4.90 4.35 1.26 6.36 6.36
Groups D1SDA & D1ZoIN Average dissimilarity = 79.92
Group D1SDA Group D1ZoIN
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 2.73 4.90 5.37 1.19 6.72 6.72
Ampharetidae 1.93 4.33 4.24 1.32 5.31 12.03
Groups B1ZoIF & D1ZoIF Average dissimilarity = 70.02
Group B1ZoIF Group D1ZoIF
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Apseudidae 8.23 5.33 6.18 0.92 8.82 8.82
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 6.83 8.20 5.58 1.01 7.97 16.79
Leptocheliidae 7.40 2.60 5.32 1.06 7.59 24.38
Groups D1SDA & D1ZoIF Average dissimilarity = 80.27
Group B1ZoIF Group D1ZoIF
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 2.73 8.20 7.97 1.01 9.93 9.93
Ampeliscidae 0.77 4.53 4.37 1.06 5.44 15.37
Groups B1SDA & P1SDA Average dissimilarity = 75.67
Group B1SDA Group P1SDA
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 10.53 4.47 6.41 1.24 8.48 8.48
Glyceridae 1.03 6.03 4.87 0.50 6.43 14.91
Groups D1SDA & P1SDA Average dissimilarity = 84.67
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Group B1SDA Group P1SDA
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Glyceridae 0.30 6.03 8.36 0.56 9.87 9.87
Spionidae 0.97 5.20 5.61 1.06 6.62 16.49
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 2.73 4.47 4.97 1.16 5.87 22.37
Groups B1ZoIN & P1ZoIN Average dissimilarity = 67.97
Group B1ZoIN Group P1ZoIN
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 6.43 21.67 5.80 0.72 8.54 8.54
Syllidae 1.67 13.37 4.52 0.86 6.65 15.19
Ampharetidae 2.57 13.50 4.47 1.75 6.58 21.77
Groups D1ZoIN & P1ZoIN Average dissimilarity = 72.89
Group D1ZoIN Group P1ZoIN
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 4.90 21.67 6.13 0.74 8.42 8.42
Syllidae 2.00 13.37 4.65 0.86 6.37 14.79
Ampharetidae 4.33 13.50 4.24 1.50 5.81 20.60
Groups P1SDA & P1ZoIN Average dissimilarity = 74.39
Group D1ZoIN Group P1ZoIN
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 4.47 21.67 6.47 0.79 8.70 8.70
Ampharetidae 3.40 13.50 4.91 1.73 6.59 15.30
Syllidae 1.23 13.37 4.78 0.89 6.42 21.72
Groups B1ZoIF & P1ZoIF Average dissimilarity = 68.05
Group B1ZoIF Group P1ZoIF
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Syllidae 2.33 15.83 5.97 1.43 8.77 8.77
Ampharetidae 3.17 10.63 3.78 1.18 5.55 14.32
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Apseudidae 8.23 8.40 3.75 0.99 5.51 19.84
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 6.83 10.17 3.57 1.17 5.24 25.08
Groups D1ZoIF & P1ZoIF Average dissimilarity = 70.25
Group D1ZoIF Group P1ZoIF
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Syllidae 4.30 15.83 6.32 1.44 9.00 9.00
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae 8.20 10.17 3.95 1.12 5.62 14.62
Apseudidae 5.33 8.40 3.94 0.91 5.61 20.23
Ampharetidae 3.80 10.63 3.55 1.05 5.06 25.29
Groups P1SDA & P1ZoIF Average dissimilarity = 75.15
Group P1SDA Group P1ZoIF
Species Av. Abund. Av. Abund. Av.Diss Diss/SD Contrib% Cum.%
Syllidae 1.23 15.83 6.78 1.51 9.02 9.02
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Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
APPENDIX H PERMDISP RESULTS
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Appendix H: PERMDISP Results
Darwin Harbour (Outer) 1a. Epibenthos (for the significant term 'PhaseLocation')
Group factor: PhaseLocation
Number of permutations: 9999
Number of groups: 9 Number of samples: 108
DEVIATIONS FROM CENTROID
F: 2.7723 df1: 8 df2: 99 P(perm): 0.0641
MEANS AND STANDARD ERRORS Group Size Average SE
B1SDA 12 4.6724 0.45324
B1ZoIN 12 6.1956 0.99705
B1ZoIF 12 6.9615 0.96379
D1SDA 12 7.2451 1.3215
D1ZoIN 12 6.1199 0.99085
D1ZoIF 12 9.5697 1.4497
P1SDA 12 5.1266 1.1163
P1ZoIN 12 8.04 1.1749
P1ZoIF 12 3.7856 0.83207
1b. Epibenthos (Biota Only) (for the significant term 'PhaseLocation') Group factor: Location
Number of permutations: 9999
Number of groups: 3 Number of samples: 108
DEVIATIONS FROM CENTROID
F: 1.8855 df1: 2 df2: 105 P(perm): 0.3066
MEANS AND STANDARD ERRORS Group Size Average SE
SDA 36 30.953 2.7332
ZoIN 36 36.802 1.9864
ZoIF 36 34.206 1.4995
2a. Infauna (for the significant term 'PhaseLocation') Group factor: PhaseLocation
Number of permutations: 9999
Number of groups: 9
Number of samples: 270
DEVIATIONS FROM CENTROID F: 21.672 df1: 8 df2: 261
P(perm): 0.0001
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MEANS AND STANDARD ERRORS Group Size Average SE
B1SDA 30 44.249 1.2886
B1ZoIN 30 40.987 1.0198
B1ZoIF 30 42.821 1.4832
D1SDA 30 53.055 1.1399
D1ZoIN 30 48.071 1.3743
D1ZoIF 30 45.914 1.9279
P1SDA 30 52.122 1.2074
P1ZoIN 30 34.331 1.2176
P1ZoIF 30 37.819 1.1416
2b. Infauna (for the significant term 'PhaseSite') Group factor: PhaseSite
Number of permutations: 9999
Number of groups: 18
Number of samples: 270 DEVIATIONS FROM CENTROID
F: 3.8922 df1: 17 df2: 252 P(perm): 0.0001
MEANS AND STANDARD ERRORS Group Size Average SE
B11 15 43.948 1.8169
B12 15 43.134 1.8588
B13 15 39.589 1.5560
B14 15 39.778 1.7249
B15 15 42.013 2.0145
B16 15 46.071 1.5510
D11 15 45.140 1.0637
D12 15 47.293 1.9837
D13 15 49.774 2.0253
D14 15 49.043 2.5774
D15 15 53.019 1.6304
D16 15 51.071 2.0374
P11 15 44.456 2.3120
P12 15 39.799 1.7947
P13 15 40.822 1.8706
P14 15 48.353 2.9031
P15 15 41.126 2.8842
P16 15 47.421 3.1305
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Prepared for INPEX Cardno 154
Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
APPENDIX I INFAUNA RAW DATA
Job: INPEX Subtidal Benthos - Offshore
Job No: EL12047062
Sieve Size: 0.5 mm Location SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR
Site 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1
Rep 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
POLYCHAETES Class Polychaeta Ampharetidae 7 10 1 2 6 6 3 21 5 1 4 3 1 3 2 26 1 16 15 19 14 20
Amphinomidae 1 1
Capitellidae 3 2 2 6 5 3 5 8 8 3 5 4 1 1 2 5 2 1 6 7 10 2 6
Chaetopteridae 2 1 1 1
Chrysopetalidae 1 1 4
Cirratulidae 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 1 6 2 8 1 3
Dorvilleidae 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 1
Eunicidae 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 2 8 4 2 4
Euphrosinidae
Flabelligeridae 1 1
Glyceridae 1 3 2 6 4 3 2 1 5 1 34 61 16 4 1 10 2 2 2 1 7 4 1 1 7 3 2 8 1 4
Goniadidae 1
Hesionidae 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
Lumbrineridae 3 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 4 5 3 2 1 1 1 5 11 2 4 8 3 1 1
Magelonidae 2 1 1
Maldanidae 1 1 2 1 6 3 6 1 1 1 7 4 5 3 3
Nephtyidae 2 1 1 5 3 1 3 1 1 2 4 3 7 7 6 4 3 2 6 3 5
Nereididae 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 4 1 3
Oenonidae 1
Onuphidae 1 1 6 3 1 1 3 2
Opheliidae 2 1 1 1 1 2
Orbiniidae 2 1 1 1 1 3
Oweniidae 4
Paraonidae 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 2
Pectinariidae
Phyllodocidae 2 1 2 4 2 1 4 2 1 2 1 5
Pilargidae 1 3 1 1 1 1
Pisionidae 2 1
Poecilochaetidae 1 1
Polynoidae
Questidae
Sabellariidae 2 1 1
Sabellidae 2 1 3 2 1 1 3 3 4
Scalibregmatidae 1 1 1
Serpulidae 1 1 2
Sigalionidae 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
Sphaerodoridae
Spionidae 8 8 8 7 5 2 4 12 1 2 7 11 5 6 3 1 2 1 6 7 9 1 6 19 1 12 2 15 10 4 8 19
Sternaspidae 1 1
Syllidae 3 1 3 2 1 5 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 4 1 3 14 16 8 89 16
Terebellidae 1 1 3 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 8 6 9 1
Trichobranchidae 1 1 1
Unidentified polychaete
CRUSTACEANS Order: Leptostraca Nebaliidae 1 1
Order: Stomatopoda Squillidae
Order: Mysidacea Mysidae 5 1 1 7 1 2 2
Order: Amphipoda Amaryllididae 1
Order: Amphipoda Ampeliscidae 11 12 1 3 2 2 8 3 2 1 2 1 6 41 14 5 5 11 3 4
Amphilochidae 15 32 9 20
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae/Unciolidae 14 7 1 3 10 20 5 12 5 1 1 1 1 2 1 14 1 4 10 13 7 1 45 2 11 11
Atylidae
Calliopiidae 1
Caprellidae 1 4
Corophiidae
Eusiridae
Iciliidae 1
Ischyroceridae 1 1
Leucothoidae 1 1 3
Liljeborgiidae 7 1 1 1 5
Lysianassidae 1 3
Melitidae 1
Melphidippidae
Ochlesidae
Oedicerotidae 1 1 1 2 2 1 1
Pachynus Group
Phoxocephalidae 6 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 1
Platyischnopidae 2 2
Podoceridae 1 1 1
Synopiidae 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2
Urohaustoriidae 1 3 32 4 4 1 1 1 11 3 1 4 5 2
Order: Isopoda Anthuridae 2 3 3 4 2 2 2 1 3 4 4 16 3 6
Arcturidae 7 1 1 1
Arcturididae
Austrarcturellidae
Cirolanidae 2 2 1
Gnathiidae 1 5 3 1
Janiridae 1 3
Joeropsididae 3
Leptanthuridae 1 3 4 2 1 5 6
Serolidae 1 1 1
Sphaeromatidae 12 1 2 1 1 1
Order: Tanaidacea Apseudidae 2 3 1 8 2 8 1 1 4 5 2 1 3 13 2 5 4 4 2 6 8 10 17 11
Kalliapseudidae
Leptocheliidae 1 1 4 3 1 1 2
Paratanaidae 2 3
Whiteleggiidae
Job: INPEX Subtidal Benthos - Offshore
Job No: EL12047062
Sieve Size: 0.5 mm Location SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA SDA ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR
Site 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1
Rep 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Order: Cumacea Bodotriidae 4 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 5 1 1
Diastylidae/Gynodiastylidae 1 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 4 12
Nannastacidae 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
Order: Decapoda IOrder Penaeidea Luciferidae 1 1 1
Penaeidae 2
IOrder Caridea Alpheidae 5 2 3 1 4
Crangonidae
Palaemonidae 3 2
Pasiphaeidae 1
IOrder Thalassinidea Callianassidae 1
Upogebiidae 1
Galatheidae 1
Paguridae
IOrder Anomura Porcellanidae 1
IOrder Brachyura Goneplacidae 5 1 1 1 1 1
Grapsidae
Hymenosomatidae
Leucosiidae
Majidae
Ocypocidae
Xanthidae
Crab Larvae (megalopa, zoea) 1 1 1
SubClass Copepoda Copepoda 5 5 1 3 9 6 3 4 1 1 1 1
SubClass Ostracoda Order: MyodocopidaCylindroleberidae 1 1 1 4 2 2
Cypridinidae/Rutidermatidae 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 3 2 1 1
Sarsiellidae 1 1 3 2 2 6
Order: Podocopida Podocopida 1 1
MOLLUSCS Class Aplacophora Pruvotinidae
Class Scaphopoda Laevidentaliidae 3
Cylichnidal 1
Lottiidae
Marginellidae
Nassariidae 1
Naticidae
Olividae 1 1 1
Rissoidae 1
Skeneidae
Haminoeidae
Onchidiidae 1
Philinidae
Carditidae 1
Crassatellidae
Corbulidae
Cuspidariidae 1
Galeommatidae 2 2 5 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 7 3
Laternulidae
Lucinidae 1
Mactridae 5
Myochamidae
Mytilidae 1 1 1 1
Nuculanidae 2 1
Nuculidae 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Pectinidae 1
Psammobiidae
Solemyidae
Solenidae 1
Tellinidae 7 3 1 6 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 1
Thyasiridae
Trigonidae
Veneridae 14 1 1
Crinoidea
Echinoidea 2 1 1
Holothuroidea
Ophiuroidea 1 1 8 4 2 1 1 1 6 1 1 3 3 1 1
OTHER WORM PHYLA Chaetognatha 1 1 1 1
Nematoda 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 6 13 18 5 6
Nemertea 3 1 5 6 1 2 1 6 4 1 3 10 1 1 1 2 7 5 4 3
Oligochaeta 1 2 4 8 4 1 5 4 3 3 1 4 2 1 3 13 5 6 4
Phoronida
Platyhelminthes 1
Sipuncula 8 10 5 1 4 2 7 2 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 3 3
OTHER PHYLA Anthozoa: Actinaria 1 1
Anthozoa: Alcyonacea
Ascidiacea 1 7
Branchiostomidae 2 2 1 1 1
Bryozoa 1 1
Foraminifera
Hydrozoa
Porifera 1 1 1 1
Pycnogonida 1 3 1 3
Fish: Gobiidae 1 1 1
Fish: juvenile or unidentified 2 1
Job: INPEX Subtidal Benthos - Offshore
Job No: EL12047062
Sieve Size: 0.5 mm
POLYCHAETES Class Polychaeta Ampharetidae
Amphinomidae
Capitellidae
Chaetopteridae
Chrysopetalidae
Cirratulidae
Dorvilleidae
Eunicidae
Euphrosinidae
Flabelligeridae
Glyceridae
Goniadidae
Hesionidae
Lumbrineridae
Magelonidae
Maldanidae
Nephtyidae
Nereididae
Oenonidae
Onuphidae
Opheliidae
Orbiniidae
Oweniidae
Paraonidae
Pectinariidae
Phyllodocidae
Pilargidae
Pisionidae
Poecilochaetidae
Polynoidae
Questidae
Sabellariidae
Sabellidae
Scalibregmatidae
Serpulidae
Sigalionidae
Sphaerodoridae
Spionidae
Sternaspidae
Syllidae
Terebellidae
Trichobranchidae
Unidentified polychaete
CRUSTACEANS Order: Leptostraca Nebaliidae
Order: Stomatopoda Squillidae
Order: Mysidacea Mysidae
Order: Amphipoda Amaryllididae
Order: Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Amphilochidae
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae/Unciolidae
Atylidae
Calliopiidae
Caprellidae
Corophiidae
Eusiridae
Iciliidae
Ischyroceridae
Leucothoidae
Liljeborgiidae
Lysianassidae
Melitidae
Melphidippidae
Ochlesidae
Oedicerotidae
Pachynus Group
Phoxocephalidae
Platyischnopidae
Podoceridae
Synopiidae
Urohaustoriidae
Order: Isopoda Anthuridae
Arcturidae
Arcturididae
Austrarcturellidae
Cirolanidae
Gnathiidae
Janiridae
Joeropsididae
Leptanthuridae
Serolidae
Sphaeromatidae
Order: Tanaidacea Apseudidae
Kalliapseudidae
Leptocheliidae
Paratanaidae
Whiteleggiidae
ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR
2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2
10 6 26 13 14 23 10 6 16 2 10 19 19 16 11 4 21 21 12 8 4 18 10 16 6 4 6 9 7 11 5 10 10 1 9 11 31
2 4 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
4 5 8 6 5 3 5 2 9 9 7 24 4 8 3 6 2 7 5 5 4 5 8 9 8 3 6 7 3 1 3 5 8
2 2 5 5 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2
3 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 1
9 2 4 3 4 1 3 1 5 1 8 4 4 3 5 3 4 4 4 7 5 3 2 6 1 6 4 1 1 1 4 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 6 4 8 4 4 6 4 2 7 6 5 8 6 3 3 3 5 4 7 1 4 3 3 6 1 4 3 5 1 1 2 3 1 6 2
1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 4
7 1 5 3 1 4 5 1 5 2 3 4 3 1 4 4 3 2 12 9 3 7 10 6 2 7 5 5 1 5 4 4
1
4 2 2 1 1 2 6 2 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 4 1 1 1
4 7 4 3 5 3 3 8 3 2 3 1 3 4 3 1 6 11 2 6 3 2 4 5 4 4 2 2 3 6 4 1 4
1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 2
3 2 2 5 5 6 4 3 3 8 3 6 6 6 5 2 5 7 6 3 1 2 4 1 2 4 3 6 2 4 2 1 4
3 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 3 5 3 1 4 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 6 2 4 1 2 5
2 2 1 3 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 12 1 1 2 3 4 6 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1
2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1
1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 3 1 3
3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 1 1
1 1
3 1 1 6 2 5 2 7 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1
1 1 1
2 2 1 1 2 3 2 2 4 4 3 1 2 1 4 2 1 2 2 4 1 3 1 1 1 3 2 1
1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1
1 2 1 1 1
1 3 2 1 1 1
2
1 2 1 2 1 1 1
1 1 1 4 1 3 2 3 4 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1
22 13 11 7 3 11 8 8 8 5 5 4 19 7 10 3 9 6 4 7 1 7 19 12 5 5 7 6 2 3 4 2 2 4 3 10
1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1
32 15 10 17 27 7 4 5 4 10 11 7 26 3 15 3 6 6 7 9 5 12 4 4 9 7 3 10 5 5 4 6 8 21 14
2 4 4 9 5 11 2 4 2 2 8 4 9 7 3 5 3 1 2 2 1 9 4 9 7 4 5 5 1 3 2 8 3 4
3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1
1
1 1
1 2 5 5 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
6 8 9 9 5 9 2 3 4 5 7 24 7 8 2 5 3 10 6 5 11 10 7 6 3 7 8 1 8 4 11 6 4 5 3 4
1
29 16 207 6 24 16 2 4 11 6 7 5 64 27 25 9 26 11 22 13 10 22 7 4 8 20 4 16 3 8 10 11 7 5 4 9 6
2 5 5 2 2 4 15 3 2 3 2 6 1 2 1 1 4 3 1 5 1 2 3 5 1
1 7
2
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 4
1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 3
3 1 1 2 1 5 1 2 1 1
3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 1 1
1
1 1
1 1 2 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 2
1
1 1 1 1 1
6 1 7 5 5 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 5
1 1 2 1 3 5 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 5 1
3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2
2 7 5 8 2 2 5 1 2 2 2 6 1 2 2 2 3 8 3 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 3
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1 2 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1
2 1 1 6 6 6 3 1 2 7 3 2 1 2 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
1 1 1 2 4 1 3 2
2 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 4 1
5 7 3 3 3 5 5 2 5 6 4 2 92 5 10 32 5 6 3 7 6 3 7 2 2 1 7 3 4 4 1 6 2 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 3 6 3 1 1 1 1 1 5 4 1 8 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 2
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 4 1
Job: INPEX Subtidal Benthos - Offshore
Job No: EL12047062
Sieve Size: 0.5 mm
POLYCHAETES Class Polychaeta AmpharetidaeOrder: Cumacea Bodotriidae
Diastylidae/Gynodiastylidae
Nannastacidae
Order: Decapoda IOrder Penaeidea Luciferidae
Penaeidae
IOrder Caridea Alpheidae
Crangonidae
Palaemonidae
Pasiphaeidae
IOrder Thalassinidea Callianassidae
Upogebiidae
Galatheidae
Paguridae
IOrder Anomura Porcellanidae
IOrder Brachyura Goneplacidae
Grapsidae
Hymenosomatidae
Leucosiidae
Majidae
Ocypocidae
Xanthidae
Crab Larvae (megalopa, zoea)
SubClass Copepoda Copepoda
SubClass Ostracoda Order: MyodocopidaCylindroleberidae
Cypridinidae/Rutidermatidae
Sarsiellidae
Order: Podocopida Podocopida
MOLLUSCS Class Aplacophora Pruvotinidae
Class Scaphopoda Laevidentaliidae
Cylichnidal
Lottiidae
Marginellidae
Nassariidae
Naticidae
Olividae
Rissoidae
Skeneidae
Haminoeidae
Onchidiidae
Philinidae
Carditidae
Crassatellidae
Corbulidae
Cuspidariidae
Galeommatidae
Laternulidae
Lucinidae
Mactridae
Myochamidae
Mytilidae
Nuculanidae
Nuculidae
Pectinidae
Psammobiidae
Solemyidae
Solenidae
Tellinidae
Thyasiridae
Trigonidae
Veneridae
Crinoidea
Echinoidea
Holothuroidea
Ophiuroidea
OTHER WORM PHYLA Chaetognatha
Nematoda
Nemertea
Oligochaeta
Phoronida
Platyhelminthes
Sipuncula
OTHER PHYLA Anthozoa: Actinaria
Anthozoa: Alcyonacea
Ascidiacea
Branchiostomidae
Bryozoa
Foraminifera
Hydrozoa
Porifera
Pycnogonida
Fish: Gobiidae
Fish: juvenile or unidentified
ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI NEAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR
2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2
2 3 3 1 4 6 10 1 3 1 1 3 2 11 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1
2 3 8 3 2 3 1 7 9 1 3 6 1 2 1 2 1 4 3 10 2 2 2 5 2 1
1 1 1 7 1 6 4 1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1
1
2
1 2 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1
2 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2
1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1
1
55
1 1 1 4 8 1 2 3 1 5 3 6 5 1 2 1 1
4 4 1 3 1 3 2 3 3 4 1 1 1 2 1 5 1 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 5 2 1 1 1 5 1 1 3 2 1
7 2 3 3 1 6 2 3 4 6 3 2 1 4 12 3 2 2 3 1
2 2
1 2 1
10 6 1 4 1 1 4
1
2
1
1 1 1
1
5
2 2 2 1
7 15 6 3 5 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 6 2 1 1 2 1
1 1 1
1
1 1 1 2 2 2 1
1 5 2 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
1 1 1 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 5
2 1 1
1 1 1
1
1 3
5 2 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 3 4 4 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 4
1 5 1 2 6 1 3 1 2
1 1 1
1
1 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
5 16 4 3 2 3 10 5 9 4 3 6 1 10 1 15 7 5 20 2 11 3 1 5 8 2 1 4 3 1 5 2 4 3 16 2
2 11 9 3 5 6 4 2 4 4 4 8 14 3 2 9 8 10 3 5 1 3 9 1 4 10 1 5 3 1 1 1 6 5
1 7 4 7 1 7 3 1 8 2 7 3 9 4 9 1 13 7 8 8 2 8 15 3 7 5 1 4 8 1
1
1
5 4 3 4 2 3 1 3 2 3 4 1 1 4 4 3 1 3 3 1 2 1 4 2 1 1
1
1 1 1 1
1
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 1
1 1 1 1
Job: INPEX Subtidal Benthos - Offshore
Job No: EL12047062
Sieve Size: 0.5 mm
POLYCHAETES Class Polychaeta Ampharetidae
Amphinomidae
Capitellidae
Chaetopteridae
Chrysopetalidae
Cirratulidae
Dorvilleidae
Eunicidae
Euphrosinidae
Flabelligeridae
Glyceridae
Goniadidae
Hesionidae
Lumbrineridae
Magelonidae
Maldanidae
Nephtyidae
Nereididae
Oenonidae
Onuphidae
Opheliidae
Orbiniidae
Oweniidae
Paraonidae
Pectinariidae
Phyllodocidae
Pilargidae
Pisionidae
Poecilochaetidae
Polynoidae
Questidae
Sabellariidae
Sabellidae
Scalibregmatidae
Serpulidae
Sigalionidae
Sphaerodoridae
Spionidae
Sternaspidae
Syllidae
Terebellidae
Trichobranchidae
Unidentified polychaete
CRUSTACEANS Order: Leptostraca Nebaliidae
Order: Stomatopoda Squillidae
Order: Mysidacea Mysidae
Order: Amphipoda Amaryllididae
Order: Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Amphilochidae
Aoridae/Isaeidae/Photidae/Unciolidae
Atylidae
Calliopiidae
Caprellidae
Corophiidae
Eusiridae
Iciliidae
Ischyroceridae
Leucothoidae
Liljeborgiidae
Lysianassidae
Melitidae
Melphidippidae
Ochlesidae
Oedicerotidae
Pachynus Group
Phoxocephalidae
Platyischnopidae
Podoceridae
Synopiidae
Urohaustoriidae
Order: Isopoda Anthuridae
Arcturidae
Arcturididae
Austrarcturellidae
Cirolanidae
Gnathiidae
Janiridae
Joeropsididae
Leptanthuridae
Serolidae
Sphaeromatidae
Order: Tanaidacea Apseudidae
Kalliapseudidae
Leptocheliidae
Paratanaidae
Whiteleggiidae
ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR
3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6
3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
4 24 23 5 17 8 10 21 9 14 9 10 4 2 6 28 3 8
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 3 8 5 3 14 2 10 3 1 2 3 4
1 2 1 1 6 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 5
2 3 1 3 4 1
3 2 1 3 1 4 1 6 5 2 3 2 2 2 5 5
1 5 3 2 3 1 1
3 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 4 1 6 8 6 1
1
1 1 1
4 1 1 1 4 2 1 2 5 6 6 4 5 7 2 1 3
2 2 2 2 2 1 4 1 4 4 3 1 1
1 1 8 7 6 1 4 7 1 2 3 1 4 4 7
1 1 1
2 7 6 2 2 2 5 3 5 5 3 4
3 4 2 2 5 3 3 1 3 1 2 2 2 1
4 2 2 5 3 20 22 1 1 6 6 2 2 4 4
4 1 2
1 1 1
1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2
2 2 1 1 3 1 1 1
1 1 4 4 2 4 2 3 1 1 3 4 2 2 5
2 3 3 2 1 2 1 4 2 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
1 3 1
1 3 2 1 1
2 2 3 4 1 3 1 1
1
2
2 1 2 1
1
11 5 4 2 16 2 5 3 17 14 8 18 23 17 6 12 8 5
1 1 1 1 1
13 5 16 14 22 33 24 21 32 27 23 22 28 6 23 29 32 22
2 1 11 1 5 1 4 2 1 4 10 2 6 1 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1
1
1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 4
1 15 1
9 2 2 8 20 13 2 6 4 5 5 15 3 4 6 12 11 4
9
8 25 2 8 11 16 24 32 14 12 7 12 3 6 2 6 14
7 1
2 1 1 6 3 2 1 1 1 2
2
1
2 18 2 2 6 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 2 3 1 1 1 3
1 3 3 2 1 8 1
1
1 1
1 2 1 2 3 1
1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2
1
15 2
1 3 2 2 2
2 1 2 2 1
1 8 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 3
1 1 3 1 3
1
1 3
2 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 3 2 1
3 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 3 1 1 1 1 5 1 5 3
3 9 3 8 4 7 1 9 16 17 16 16 19 23 32 28 5 6
1 2 1
3 4 13 4 2 5 2 8 6 3 6 1 1 8
7 5 1 1 5
1
Job: INPEX Subtidal Benthos - Offshore
Job No: EL12047062
Sieve Size: 0.5 mm
POLYCHAETES Class Polychaeta AmpharetidaeOrder: Cumacea Bodotriidae
Diastylidae/Gynodiastylidae
Nannastacidae
Order: Decapoda IOrder Penaeidea Luciferidae
Penaeidae
IOrder Caridea Alpheidae
Crangonidae
Palaemonidae
Pasiphaeidae
IOrder Thalassinidea Callianassidae
Upogebiidae
Galatheidae
Paguridae
IOrder Anomura Porcellanidae
IOrder Brachyura Goneplacidae
Grapsidae
Hymenosomatidae
Leucosiidae
Majidae
Ocypocidae
Xanthidae
Crab Larvae (megalopa, zoea)
SubClass Copepoda Copepoda
SubClass Ostracoda Order: MyodocopidaCylindroleberidae
Cypridinidae/Rutidermatidae
Sarsiellidae
Order: Podocopida Podocopida
MOLLUSCS Class Aplacophora Pruvotinidae
Class Scaphopoda Laevidentaliidae
Cylichnidal
Lottiidae
Marginellidae
Nassariidae
Naticidae
Olividae
Rissoidae
Skeneidae
Haminoeidae
Onchidiidae
Philinidae
Carditidae
Crassatellidae
Corbulidae
Cuspidariidae
Galeommatidae
Laternulidae
Lucinidae
Mactridae
Myochamidae
Mytilidae
Nuculanidae
Nuculidae
Pectinidae
Psammobiidae
Solemyidae
Solenidae
Tellinidae
Thyasiridae
Trigonidae
Veneridae
Crinoidea
Echinoidea
Holothuroidea
Ophiuroidea
OTHER WORM PHYLA Chaetognatha
Nematoda
Nemertea
Oligochaeta
Phoronida
Platyhelminthes
Sipuncula
OTHER PHYLA Anthozoa: Actinaria
Anthozoa: Alcyonacea
Ascidiacea
Branchiostomidae
Bryozoa
Foraminifera
Hydrozoa
Porifera
Pycnogonida
Fish: Gobiidae
Fish: juvenile or unidentified
ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR ZI FAR
3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6
3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
3 6 3 1 12 1 1 2 6 2 1 1 2
1 1 1 6 2 6 5 8 10 2 2 1 3 5
3 2 3 1 1
2 1
1 1 1 2 1
1
1
1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1 1 2
1
1
1
1
1 1 2 3 6 1 2 1 1
1 11 3 2 2 4 3 5 3 2
11 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 2
2 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 3
2
1 1
1 2 1
1
1
1
1
1 1
2
1
2 1 3 2 2 3 5 4 2 2 4
2
1 1 2
1 2 1 1 1 2 1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
3 5 2 3 1 1 1 6 1 6 2 2
1
1
1 1 2 2 4
2
2 3 3 2 1 3 2 4 1 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 9 16 5 10 9 17 15 22 18 4 2 10 2 11
1 8 4 2 7 1 5 3 3 13 8 10 2 2 10 5 3 2
2 6 5 7 1 1 4 6 1 4 1 4 5
1
4 3 2 1 1 4 2 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 156
Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
APPENDIX J PSD RAW DATA
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 265
Appendix J: Particle Size Distribution Data for P1 (July 2015)
Location SDA
Site 1 2 3 4 5 6
Rep 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
EA150: Particle Sizing +75µm 90 76 45 58 97 98 97 97 91 95 95 39
+150µm 74 57 22 52 68 68 78 90 85 92 83 19
+300µm 40 8 8 45 5 4 10 47 48 66 50 6
+425µm 27 4 6 39 2 1 5 32 29 45 40 3
+600µm 17 2 4 33 <1 <1 3 22 17 29 32 2
+1180µm 6 <1 2 22 <1 <1 2 11 7 11 22 <1
+2.36mm 1 <1 <1 12 <1 <1 <1 2 2 3 12 <1
+4.75mm <1 <1 <1 5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 6 <1
+9.5mm <1 <1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 2 <1
+19.0mm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
+37.5mm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
+75.0mm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
EA150: Soil Classification based on Particle Size Clay (<2 µm) 3 9 18 23 <1 1 1 1 3 2 2 12
Silt (2-60 µm) 6 10 31 16 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 41
Sand (0.06-2.00 mm) 85 81 49 40 98 98 96 88 87 86 76 46
Gravel (>2mm) 6 <1 2 21 <1 <1 2 10 7 11 21 1
Cobbles (>6cm) <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 266
ZoIN
Site 1 2 3 4 5 6
Rep 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
EA150: Particle Sizing +75µm 71 79 72 65 72 80 57 59 70 58 55 56
+150µm 66 74 67 60 68 76 51 53 65 52 50 51
+300µm 58 63 57 49 59 68 41 42 54 43 40 40
+425µm 51 53 51 42 54 63 35 34 46 36 33 34
+600µm 43 41 44 35 49 56 28 26 37 28 26 27
+1180µm 31 24 32 22 40 43 17 15 24 18 15 18
+2.36mm 20 12 19 12 32 29 8 6 12 10 8 9
+4.75mm 11 7 9 3 26 19 2 2 5 4 4 5
+9.5mm 3 3 <1 1 23 9 <1 <1 4 <1 <1 2
+19.0mm 2 <1 <1 <1 22 <1 <1 <1 4 <1 <1 <1
+37.5mm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
+75.0mm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
EA150: Soil Classification based on Particle Size Clay (<2 µm) 15 12 15 21 15 11 25 18 15 20 23 21
Silt (2-60 µm) 9 6 11 10 11 7 14 20 13 20 18 18
Sand (0.06-2.00 mm) 46 58 43 47 35 40 45 47 49 43 44 44
Gravel (>2mm) 30 24 31 22 39 42 16 15 23 17 15 17
Cobbles (>6cm) <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 267
ZoIF
Site 1 2 3 4 5 6
Rep 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
EA150: Particle Sizing +75µm 50 55 60 64 50 64 88 86 88 88 88 81
+150µm 41 48 52 58 42 57 85 84 86 86 85 77
+300µm 30 38 37 43 28 42 65 69 80 82 63 52
+425µm 24 32 29 36 21 33 51 54 71 74 46 36
+600µm 18 25 21 28 14 24 39 39 55 59 34 24
+1180µm 9 15 10 16 6 12 27 22 26 29 21 13
+2.36mm 4 8 3 9 2 5 17 11 10 9 12 6
+4.75mm 1 5 <1 5 <1 2 10 5 2 2 8 2
+9.5mm <1 3 <1 3 <1 <1 4 <1 <1 <1 5 2
+19.0mm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
+37.5mm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
+75.0mm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
EA150: Soil Classification based on Particle Size Clay (<2 µm) 31 22 20 16 25 20 6 8 8 8 7 10
Silt (2-60 µm) 17 17 16 17 19 13 5 3 2 2 4 5
Sand (0.06-2.00 mm) 43 47 54 51 50 55 63 68 64 62 68 73
Gravel (>2mm) 9 14 10 16 6 12 26 21 26 28 21 12
Cobbles (>6cm) <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 268
Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
APPENDIX K DISTLM RESULTS
Subtidal Benthos Monitoring Post Dredging Report Ichthys Nearshore Environmental Monitoring Program
Prepared for INPEX Cardno 269
Appendix K: DIST LM Results
VARIABLES 1 Median Grain Size 2 Percentage (%) Fines 3 pH
4 ORP
Total SS(trace): 2.81E+05
MARGINAL TESTS Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.
Median Grain Size 5103.1 1.9574 0.0157 1.81E-02
% Fines 4203.7 1.6072 0.0444 1.49E-02
pH 12254 4.8252 0.0001 4.35E-02
ORP 5107.8 1.9592 0.0131 1.81E-02
res.df: 142 Specified solution
Adj R^2 R^2 7.30E-02
1.08E-01
Percentage of variation explained by individual axes % explained variation out of
fitted model % explained variation out of
total variation Axis Individual Cumulative Individual Cumulative
1 51.16 51.16 5.51 5.51
2 26.51 77.67 2.85 8.36
3 12.63 90.3 1.36 9.72
4 9.7 100 1.04 10.77