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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Preamble

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Problem statement

1.3 Project overview

1.4 Scope of the project

Chapter 2: Theoretical Background

2.1 Microcontroller Atmega16

2.1.1 Introduction

2.1.2 Features of atmega16

2.1.3 Pin diagram and description

Chapter3: Block diagram and its description

3.1 Block diagram of module

3.2 Components of module

3.2.1 Power supply

3.2.2 LCD Display

3.2.3 Transceiver

3.2.4 Microcontroller

3.2.5 GPS

Chapter 4: Software usage

4.1 AVR studio

4.2 Program


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List of figures

1 2.1 Pin diagram of microcontroller

2 3.1 Block diagram of module

3 3.2 9v 6f22 battery

4 3.3 7605 voltage regulator

5 3.4 LCD Display

6 3.5 GPS Module


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.

ABSTRACT

Social Security System is used to provide the precise location of a

happening crime which occurs outdoors against common citizens

specially women using a GPS to tell the location of the crime in real

time. Violence against women is a technical term used to collectively

refer to violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed

against women. This type of violence targets a specific group with the

victim's gender as a primary motive.

The goal of the project is to provide the security personals the exactlocation of the crime in real time so that they are able to intervene and

stop it from happening.

It consists of a microcontroller, GPS, LCD, transmitter and receiver.

The module and implementation of the

social security system has been theoretical tested and it can be

implemented practically to stop the crimes


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We the batch mates of the project social security system, consider it as a great

privilege to express our gratitude and respect to all those who guided and inspired us in

completion of our project.

No project is complete without the people, who have rendered advice and helped in

making the project successful. It is difficult for us to express our sense of gratitude and

appreciation for the help we have received in endeavor. Our effort here is feeble attempt to do so.

First of all, we acknowledge for the provision of the required infrastructure by our

esteemed institute Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga and

Department of Telecommunication Engineering.

We would like to thank ourHOD and Associate Prof. S. Amarappa, who stood as our

guiding spirit and lending us guidance to achieve our aim with added zeal.

We thank our guide Ashwini S.R, Assistant professor, for her valuable suggestions and

treasured assistance throughout the course of our project. Her advice and co-operation have been

the factors that have contributed to achieve our goals.

Our special thanks to our principal Dr. R. Srinivasa Rao Kunte for providing all

facilities needed for our project.

Lastly, we are thankful to our classmates and everyone who have helped us directly or

indirectly for the successful completion of the project.

Project Associates:

Laki Kumar Sinha (4JN09TE024)

Prakash Sharma (4JN09TE037)

Sankalp Kumar (4JN09TE045)

Saurabh Chandra (4JN08TE044)


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Chapter1

PREAMBLE

1.1 Introduction

The objective of this project is to provide safety to citizens especially

females against crime like sexual harassment by providing real time

information. This information will be provided by using a QUECTEL L50

GPS module which will be interfaced with a microcontroller. The moment

the person in need of help senses some suspicious activity or if the crime

started happening then the person can switch the module ON. The moment

the person do so, the GPS will pass the location to the microcontroller (here

we are using ATMEGA 16) which is interfaced systematically to a

transmitter. The transmitter sends the coordinates to the nearest police

control room or some security agencies, from where help arrives in real time

and the crime is stopped. Sometimes when the victim is in motion then also

the device will be very helpful in tracking the victim once the distress signal

has been sent. This device with slight modifications can also be used for

various other applications like tracking of kids, animals, finding out terrains.

1.2 Problem Statement

Incapability to reduce the increasing crime rate despite of having desire to

do so, and hence despite having resources, our inability to provide security

and safety to common man specially females in our society.

1.3 Project Overview

Sender side:


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It has a switch which once pressed enables the whole system.

All the components used are interfaced systematically, and the flow of signal

is from transmitting to receiving side.

It is a microcontroller based security device which uses Global Positioning

System (GPS) and radio transceivers.

We had used AVR studio for programing.

A battery powered GPS will acquire the location of the person and a

transceiver will send the location to the security personals.

The GPS module and the transceiver will be interfaced to an ATmega16

microcontroller.

Receiver Side:

A radio antenna at the receiver side will receive the signals and by using a

microcontroller interfaced to a 16x2 LCD will display the location of the

sender.

Signals can be sent in reverse direction too, in case we want to send

acknowledgment that the help is coming or the time in which help will be

available.

1.4 Scope of the Project

This system can also be used where the information is not needed so

frequently and the subject has to be tracked at irregular timeperiods, such as

monitoring of adolescents by parents, in research to track animals in the

jungle, coordinating search and rescue efforts, and mapping trails and

exploring new terrains. This way it will be used for various applications with

some or no modifications in the original module. It has many other future

applications which can be achieved or implemented by enhancing the


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module. Can be used with security agencies in spying, can be used in army

to monitor their vehicles and personnel.

Apart from other applications, various features can be added to this module

for providing more services. Services like telling what is the time the

security personnel will take to reach the location of the victim, for telling

what kind of crime is happening and what its severity is. For asking for help

for incidents which is not crime but in which urgency is required like fire or

some accident. Can also be used for identifying the person from whose

device the distress message had been sent.


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Chapter 2

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND2.1 MICROCONTROLLER ATMEGA 16

2.1.1 Introduction:-

The main part of the project is microcontroller. Here we are using

ATMEGA 16 microcontroller.

Microprocessors and microcontroller are widely used in

embedded systems products. Microcontroller is a programmable device. A

microcontroller has a CPU in addition to a fixed amount of RAM, ROM, I/O ports

and a timer embedded all on a single chip. The fixed amount of on-chip ROM,

RAM and number of I/O ports in microcontroller makes them ideal for many

applications in which cost and space are critical.ATmega16 is an 8-bit high performance microcontroller of Atmels Mega

AVR family with low power consumption. Atmega16 is based on enhanced RISC

(Reduced Instruction Set Computing) architecture with 131 powerful instructions.Most of the instructions execute in one machine cycle. Atmega16 can work on a

maximum frequency of 16MHz.

ATmega16 has 16 KB programmable flash memory, static RAM of 1 KB and

EEPROM of 512 Bytes. The endurance cycle of flash memory and EEPROM is

10,000 and 100,000, respectively.

ATmega16 is a 40 pin microcontroller. There are 32 I/O (input/output) lines whichare divided into four 8-bit ports designated as PORTA, PORTB, PORTC and

PORTD.


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2.1.2 FEATURES OF ATMEGA 16

8-Bit microcontroller

1K Byte of internal SRAM

512 Bytes EEPROM

16K Bytes of In-system self programmable flash memory

Boundary-scan capabilities a/c to JTAG standard

32 programmable I/O lines

Uses low power

High performance

Advanced RISC architecture

It can process up to 16 MIPS throughput at 16 MHz

Speed grad:0-8MHz


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2.1.3PIN Diagram of ATMEGA 16


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Pin Descriptions:

VCC:

Digital supply voltage.

GND:Ground.

Port B (PB7...PB0):Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for

each bit). The

Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sinkand source

capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current

if the pull-upresistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset conditionbecomes active,

even if the clock is not running.

Port C (PC7...PC0):Port C is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for

each bit). ThePort C output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink

and source

capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source currentif the pull-up

resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset conditionbecomes active,


Port D (PD7PD0):Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for

each bit). The

Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sinkand source

capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current

if the pull-upresistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition

becomes active,even if the clock is not running.


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Port E (PE2...0) RESET/ XTAL1/XTAL2:Port E is a 3-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for

each bit). The Port E output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with

both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port E pins that are externallypulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port E pins

are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is notrunning.

If the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, PE0 is used as an I/O pin. Note

that the electrical characteristicsof PE0 differ from those of the other pins of Port

E. If the RSTDISBL Fuse is unprogrammed, PE0 is used as a Reset input. A lowlevel on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a Reset,


Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate aReset. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PE1 can be used as input to

the inverting Oscillator Amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.

Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PE2 can be used as output from theinverting Oscillator amplifier Port C also serves the functions of special features of

the ATmega16.

AVCC:AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter, D/A Converter, Current

source. It should be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC, DAC are notused. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-pass filter.

AREF:This is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter.


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3.2 Components of module

3.2.1 POWER SUPPLY:

For the functioning of all our electronic circuits we require dc power supply. The

power supply that comes to our homes is an AC power supply, and we need an AC

to DC converter to get a DC supply. Here we will be using a battery to supply the

required power. The power requirement for this module is of 5v. As a battery of

this output is not available so, we are using a 6F22, 9v battery.

Fig 3.3:6f22 9v Battery

Voltage regulator:

7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixedlinear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations


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and would not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains

the output voltage at a constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed outputvoltage it is designed to provide. 7805 provides +5V regulated power supply.

Capacitors of suitable values can be connected at input and output pins depending

upon the respective voltage levels.

Pin

No Function Name1 Input voltage (5V-18V) Input2 Ground (0V) Ground3 Regulated output; 5V (4.8V-5.2V) Output


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3.2.2 LCD Display:

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a

wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very

commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferredover seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are

economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special &even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on.

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines.

In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two

registers, namely, Command and Data.

The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A

command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it,

clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data

register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of

the character to be displayed on the LCD.


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3.2.3 GPS:

GPS modem is a device which receives signals from satellite and providesinformation about latitude, longitude, altitude, time etc. The GPS navigator is more

famous in mobiles to track the road maps. The GPS modem has an antenna whichreceives the satellite signals and transfers them to the modem. The modem in turn

converts the data into useful information and sends the output in serial RS232 logic

level format. The information about latitude, longitude etc is sent continuously andaccompanied by an identifier string.

3.2.4 Transceiver:

The RF module, as the name suggests, operates at Radio Frequency. The

corresponding frequency range varies between 30 kHz & 300 GHz. In this RF

system, the digital data is represented as variations in the amplitude of carrier

wave. This kind of modulation is known as Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK).

Transmission through RF is better than IR (infrared) because of many reasons.

Firstly, signals through RF can travel through larger distances making it suitable

for long range applications. Also, while IR mostly operates in line-of-sight mode,

RF signals can travel even when there is an obstruction between transmitter &

receiver. Next, RF transmission is more strong and reliable than IR transmission. RF


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communication uses a specific frequency unlike IR signals which are affected by

other IR emitting sources.

This RF module comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver. Thetransmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair operates at a frequency of434 MHz an RF

transmitter receives serial data and transmits it wirelessly through RF through its

antenna connected at pin4. The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps -

10Kbps.The transmitted data is received by an RF receiver operating at the same

frequency as that of the transmitter.


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Chapter 4

Software usage

5.1 AVR Studio

AVR studio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) by ATMEL fordeveloping applications based on 8-bit AVR microcontroller. Prior to installation

of AVR Studio you have to install the compiler WinAVR.

5.2 Program

.include "m16def.inc"

.def bytlw=r2

.def bythg=r3

.def odchk=r4

.def evchk=r5

.def sftcnt=r6

.def vlpos=r7

.def opval=r8

.def opdvc=r9

.def opspd=r10

.def status=r11

.def count=r12

.def endval=r13

.def togval=r14

.def temp=r16

.def temp1=r17

.def temp2=r18

.def temp3=r19

.def temp4=r20

.def temp5=r21

.def temp6=r22

.def temp7=r23

.def temp8=r24

.def dcnt1=r25


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.equ lcddprt=porta

.equ lcdcprt=portc

.equ lcd_rs=0

.equ lcd_en=2

.equ gpsloc=$70

.equ latloc=$100

.equ lagloc=$200

.equ cnt=$10

.equ brp=143

.equ latpos=$85

.equ longpos=$c5

.org $00rjmp RESET

.org $30RESET: ldi temp,low(RAMEND)

out SPL,templdi temp,high(RAMEND)out SPH,templdi temp,$ff

out ddra,templdi temp,$ffout ddrb,templdi temp,$ffout ddrc,templdi temp,$feout ddrd,templdi temp,$00out porta,temp

ldi temp,$00out portc,templdi temp,$00out portd,templdi temp,$00out portb,temprcall urtini


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rcall dly6msrcall dly6msrcall dly6msrcall lcdinitrcall init

here: ;rcall gpsrx;rcall gpsdisrcall sertstldi temp,$14rcall delayrjmp here

init: ldi zl,low(2*ttl1) ;System initialdisplay

ldi zh,high(2*ttl1)rcall lcdl1rcall sndmsgldi zl,low(2*ttl2)ldi zh,high(2*ttl2)rcall lcdl2rcall sndmsgclr statusldi temp,$0amov endval,temp

ldi temp,$01mov togval,templdi temp,$14rcall delayldi zl,low(2*gps1)ldi zh,high(2*gps1)rcall lcdl1rcall sndmsgldi zl,low(2*gps2)

ldi zh,high(2*gps2)rcall lcdl2rcall sndmsgret

sertst: rcall lcdl1ldi temp4,$10


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st01: rcall srrcvrcall datdispdec temp4brne st01rcall lcdl2ldi temp4,$10

st02: rcall srrcvrcall datdispdec temp4brne st02ldi temp,$28rcall delayret

gpsrx: ldi xh,high(latloc)ldi xl,low(latloc)ldi yh,high(lagloc)ldi yl,low(lagloc)

gr00: clr countgr01: rcall srrcv

cpi temp,'$'brne gr01

gr02: rcall srrcvcpi temp,'G'

brne gr02gr03: rcall srrcv

cpi temp,'P'brne gr03

gr04: rcall srrcvcpi temp,'R'brne gr04

gr05: rcall srrcvcpi temp,'M'

brne gr05gr06: rcall srrcvcpi temp,'C'brne gr06ldi temp1,14

gr07: rcall srrcvdec temp1


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brne gr07ldi temp1,11mov count,temp1

gr08: rcall srrcvst x+,tempdec countbrne gr08rcall srrcvrcall srrcvldi temp1,12mov count,temp1

gr09: rcall srrcvst y+,tempdec count

brne gr09grout: ret

gpsdis: ldi xh,high(latloc)ldi xl,low(latloc)ldi dcnt1,11ldi temp,latposrcall command

gd01: ld temp,x+rcall datdisp

dec dcnt1brne gd01ldi yh,high(lagloc)ldi yl,low(lagloc)ldi dcnt1,12ldi temp,longposrcall command

gd02: ld temp,y+rcall datdisp

dec dcnt1brne gd02

ret

split: mov temp1,tempandi temp,$0f


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mov bytlw,tempmov temp,temp1andi temp,$f0swap tempmov bythg,tempret

unsplit:mov temp,bythgswap tempadd temp,bytlwret

srsnd: nopsd1: sbis ucsra,udre

rjmp sd1out udr,tempret

srrcv: nopsr1: sbis ucsra,RXC

rjmp sr1in temp,udrret

urtini: ldi temp,high(brp)out ubrrh,templdi temp,low(brp)out ubrrl,templdi temp,(1


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lcdln1: ldi temp,$80rcall commandret

lcdl2: ldi temp,$c0 ;Forcing LCD cursor toline 1

rcall commandret

lcdinit:ldi temp,$38 ;LCD initializationrcall command ;2 line display, 5*7

matrix displayldi temp,$0e ; Cursor ON and blinking

rcall commandldi temp,$06 ;Shift to right after

printingrcall commandldi temp,$01 ;Clear displayrcall commandrcall dly6msret

command:out lcddprt,temp

cbi lcdcprt,lcd_rs ;Writing command wordto LCD

sbi lcdcprt,lcd_encbi lcdcprt,lcd_enrcall dly6msret

datdisp:out lcddprt,tempsbi lcdcprt,lcd_rs ;Writing a character

in LCD sbi lcdcprt,lcd_encbi lcdcprt,lcd_enrcall dly6msret


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sndmsg: ldi temp8,$10 ;Sending a fullmessage to LCDsm01: lpm temp,z+

rcall datdispdec temp8brne sm01ret

send: ldi zl,low(2*data) ;Sending a number toLCD

ldi zh,high(2*data)add zl,tempbrcc sn01inc zh

sn01: lpm temp,zrcall datdispret

sndbyt: ldi zl,low(2*data) ;Sending one byte ofdata to LCD

ldi zh,high(2*data)rcall splitmov temp,bythgadd zl,temp

brcc ckd01inc zh

ckd01: lpm temp,zrcall datdispldi zl,low(2*data)ldi zh,high(2*data)mov temp,bytlwadd zl,tempbrcc ckd02

inc zhckd02: lpm temp,zrcall datdispret

dly20ms:ldi temp1,$4e ;delay for 20ms


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ldi temp3,$20rcall dlyret

dly6ms: ldi temp1,$8e ;$2eldi temp3,$e0 ;$e0rcall dlyret

delay: rcall dly50ms ;Custom delaydec tempbrne delayret

dly50ms:ldi temp4,$04d5: ldi temp1,$b4

ldi temp3,$d8rcall dlydec temp4brne d5ret

dly: noplp2: mov temp2,temp3

lp1: dec temp2brne lp1dec temp1brne lp2ret

dlylcd: ldi temp2,$dedl1: dec temp2

brne dl1

ret

data: .db "0123456789ABCDEF"ttl1: .db " GPS test board "ttl2: .db "Ready to operate"gps1: .db "Lati- "gps2: .db "Long- "


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