New Instrumentation within Code 613.3

• Lidars Tom McGee

• Modified Brewer, PANDORA, MSSM, ShadowBand Spectrometer Jay Herman

(MSSM: Multiple Stereo Spectrometer Mission)

• ACAM Scott Janz

(ACAM: Airborne Compact Atmospheric Mapper)

• GEO-MAC (GEO-CAPE) Instruments Randy Kawa

Lidar: Tom McGee

• Tropospheric ground-based measurements from the AT Lidar Trailer

• Delivers profiles of ozone, water vapor, temperature and aerosols (incl. depolarization, color ratios, extinction)

• Since this is largely an NDACC* instrument, there is the possibility of putting it at the station on Mauna Loa to complement all the measurements made there currently.

• We also plan to propose this year to continue the NDACC measurements program.

• Discussions have started (with Dave Whiteman) on a combined water vapor/ozone/aerosol lidar for UAV deployment. This is in its infancy, but would provide a useful set of data products. It would probably be a 3-5 year development timeframe.

*Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) NOAA

Spectrometers: Jay Herman

Ground Based: BREWER, PANDORA, SHADOWBAND, AND MSSM (proposed)

• The GSFC modified Brewer spectrometer is able to measure ozone, aerosols, trace gas amounts (NO2, SO2, HCHO), and ozone profiles. The measurements have been the basis for development of the PANDORA series of spectrometers and MSSM

• The PANDORA spectrometers consist of two versions: 1) Direct-Sun measurements (NO2, H2O, AOD, O3, SO2, HCHO, CHOCHO, BrO)

2) Sky-Radiance and Direct-Sun Measurements (NO2, H2O, AOD, SSA, O3, SO2, HCHO, CHOCHO, BrO)

Spectrometers: Jay Herman - Continued

• The Shadowband spectrometer is based on a modification of the GSFC UV-MFRSR.

• It can measure aerosol properties (AOD & SSA) as a continuous function of wavelength from 320 nm to 900 nm simultaneously.

• It may also measures trace gases (NO2, H2O, O3, SO2, HCHO, CHOCHO, BrO), but algorithms are not developed.

• MSSM (Multiple Stereo Spectrometer Mission) is a rectangular CCD set of instruments measuring space and wavelength simultaneously at two different central pointing angles.

• The purpose is to measure trace-gas and aerosol profiles

Modified Brewer and Two Versions of Pandora

ShadowBand Spectrometer

Uses conventional motor and band with filter portion replaced by a fiber optic coupled spectrometer.

35

2600 km

900 km 900 km800 km

CCD = 2048 x 1024Sampling resolution = 0.4 kmOptical resolution = 1 kmTrace Gas resolution = 5 kmWavelength: 300 – 520 nmResolution: 0.8 nmSample: 0.2 nmSNR >1000:1 @ 5 km 60

800

km

900

km

Multiple Stereo Spectrometer Mission

3-spectrometers cross track FOV=35o

1-cross-track spectrometer tilted 60o

If available, OMI could be substituted for the 3 cross track spectrometers (A). This would require a second tilted spectrometer (C) to obtain stereo views at high spatial resolution.

60

A2

A2 BC

A1 A3

900 km

Ground Track

Cross Track

1400 km 3 minutes

1400 km 3 minutes

New

1) Stereo View

2) Fiber Optic Coupling

5G O D D A R D S P A C E F L I G H T C E N T E R

Reflective Optical Design -SuccessfulReflective Optical Design -Successful

ACAM – Scott Janz

• Aircraft miniature spectrometer

• Temperature controlled

• Down looking for Trace Gases

GEO-CAPE – Randy Kawa

• IRAD and IIP developed spectrometer for Geosynchronous mission

• Steerable high spatial resolution and wide FOV instruments

• View trace gases and aerosols for special events and for general survey

• Obtain time dependent measurements to show change and make on-cloud off cloud measurements for tropospheric data.

GEO-CAPE – Randy Kawa• IRAD and IIP developed spectrometer

for Geosynchronous mission

• Two potential Goddard Instruments:

steerable high spatial resolution and

wide FOV instruments

• View trace gases and aerosols for special events and for general survey

• Obtain time dependent measurements to show change and make on-cloud off cloud measurements for tropospheric data.

UV/Vis Spectrometer Illustration

Star Tracker (1 of 2)

Calibration Assembly /Calibration Aperture

Optical BenchOpticsAperture and Scanning Mirror

Gyroscopes

Thermal Radiator

1700 mm

860 mm

830 mm

From ISAL

Multi Discipline Imager (MDI) Illustration

4.5 m 3.0 m

1.2 m

MDIInstrument

UV/Vis Spectrometer

CO Detector

Earth

Multi Discipline Imager (MDI) Instrument

• Mirror stabilization system for image generation will require further development to meet the required precision.

MDI Instrument Performance Data Technology Assessment / Development Needs

MDI Instrument ConceptMulti Discipline Imager (MDI) Illustration • Enables scientific objectives of coastal ocean, atmosphere, and

biosphere composition.• Capable of pointing anywhere on visible Earth hemisphere.• Measurement parameters adjustable: dependent on science

objective.• Steering mirror pointing stability maintained through active jitter

compensation for 0.25 arc-sec control and knowledge.• Employs three focal planes/bands

Two Si: 1k (spectral) x 2k (spatial) Rockwell hybrid focal planeOne HgCdTe: 256 x 2k Rockwell hybrid focal plane

Coastal Ocean Atmosphere Biosphere

Spectral Bands

(nm)

340-1100, 1240, 1640 300-480, 400-600, 2300, 4600

400-1300, 2000-2300

SNR 1000 in UV-VIS 1000 800

Spectral Res. 1-5 nm 1 nm UV, 1-2 nm Vis 5-10 nm

Spatial Res. 100-300 m 1 km 250 m

Temporal Res. 3-6 / day ~ hourly 3-6 / day

Spatial Coverage

~320 km Coastal ocean, estuaries, bays, large lakes and river mouths

200 km

Polluted urban areas

200 km

Ecosystem area

Radiometric

Stability

0.1% band-to-band over 10 hours

0.1% band-to-band over 10 hours

0.1% band-to-band over 10 hours

4.5 m 3.0 m

1.2 m

UV/Vis Spectrometer

• Enable hourly revisit measurement of atmospheric pollutants over the Western Hemisphere with emphasis on continental United States at fine spatial and spectral resolution.

• Measurements complement capabilities of MDI and CO detector instruments respectively.

• Sample revisit time of 1 hour, during sun illumination, enables measurement of temporal evolution of atmospheric pollution and effects of weather on dispersal and transport.

• Mission Design Life: 2 years, goal 5 years (consumables sized for 5 years), launch Sept. 2014.

• Completed: measurement demonstration and technical feasibility in a NASA Instrument Incubator Program (IIP) development at GSFC.

• No technical hurdles to UV/Vis spectrometer or spacecraft.• Although pointing requirements are commensurate with GOES, suggest

additional system modeling and design for steering mirror control feedback.

• Recommended:– improving read noise on detector subsystem and detector optimization for specific full-well requirements.– demonstration with subset of channels with a simple telescope in an aircraft demonstration.– aspheric single crystal silicon mirror fabrication and test to advance to technology readiness level 6.

Performance Data Technology Assessment / Development Needs

• Measures atmospheric pollutants O3, aerosols, and precursors NO2, SO2, HCHO.

• Capable of pointing anywhere on visible Earth hemisphere.• Single focal plane spectrometer covers continuous band from 300 nm to 480

nm.• Signal-to-noise ratio of 720 at 320 nm and 1500 at 430 nm.• Steering typical scanned field-of-view: 8° N/S (5000km) x 8° E/W (5000

km).• Steering mirror pointing stability maintained through active jitter compensation.• Sample spatial resolution 1.25 km N/S x 5.0 km E/W.• Spectral resolution: 0.8 nm.

Measurement ConceptUV/Vis Spectrometer Illustration

Star Tracker (1 of 2)

Calibration Assembly /Calibration Aperture

Optical BenchOpticsAperture and Scanning Mirror

Gyroscopes

Thermal Radiator

1700 mm

860 mm

830 mm

From ISAL

Advanced Technology InvestmentsUV/Vis Current/Future

ESTO-IIP funded ($1.37M) GeoSpec

Operational breadboard (does not include fine steering mirror) has been completed at GSFC

Future investments required:•Improved read noise on detector subsystem, optimize for specific full-well requirements•Package sub-channel with simple telescope for aircraft demo•Aspheric SCS fabrication and test•Fine steering mirror feedback system modeling and design

Note: Technology investment ($12M/3 y) is included in mission cost but early funding would reduce risk.

I n s t r u m e n t S y n t h e s i s & A n a l y s i s L a b o r a t o r y

Fine Steering Mirror

S te e r in g M ir ro r A s s e m b ly

D if fe re n t ia l Im p e d a n c e T ra n s d u c e r (D IT ) E le c t ro n ic s

A p e r tu re H o u s in g

S te e r in g M ir ro r A s s e m b ly

S te e r in g M ir ro r A s s e m b ly

D if fe re n t ia l Im p e d a n c e T ra n s d u c e r (D IT ) E le c t ro n ic s

A p e r tu re H o u s in g

S te e r in g M ir ro r A s s e m b lyFlexure

V oice coilsInductive sensors Courtesy of SO FIA project

Foamed M irror

Courtesy of Left H and D esign Corp.

Other Instrument Related Activities

Satellite, aircraft, and ground-based UV-VIS calibration•OMPS-NPP Nadir and Limb Sensor calibration•Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) UV calibration and characterization•SSBUV ground-based measurements (zenith total ozone retrievals)•Calibration source/methods improvement

• Purchase of two new calibration lasers• Purchase of 4 new Direct-Sun Spectrometers• Purchase of 10 Avantes Optical Spectrometer Benches• Purchase of 4 Hamamatsu Spectrometer Detector and Electronic Sets• Purchase of new Ciemel Sunphotometer