2008 aerosol update goddard space flight center peter colarco, code 613.3

Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008

2008 Aerosol UpdateGoddard Space Flight Center

Peter Colarco, Code 613.3Robert Levy, SSAI/Code 613.2

Santiago Gassó, GEST/Code 613.2Ellsworth Welton, Code 613.1

Tom Eck, GEST/Code 614.4


Update AgendaPurpose What is Aerocenter?

What have we been up to?What do we think about the future?

Context Synthesis talks around four science questions- How is the atmospheric aerosol changing on global and Ralph Kahn

regional scales?- How do aerosols affect storms and the hydrologic cycle? William Lau- How do aerosols and clouds affect the polar climate? Dorothy Koch- How do aerosols affect air quality, the human environment, Mian Chin

and natural ecosystems?

Wrap-Up Where do we go from here?- Summary Robert

Levy- Additional Aerosol/Cloud/Ecosystem (ACE) Concept Studies Mark Schoeberl


History of Aerocenter• Yoram Kaufman proposed the idea for Aerocenter as a Center of Excellence for

Aerosol Research in an unsolicited proposal to NASA HQ in August 2000– data center for distributing data and tools– organize the people already here in a cross-disciplinary way– visitor’s program to provide constant new people and ideas to Goddard

• Coincided with Franco Einaudi’s cross-cutting themes for Earth Sciences Division• Seminar series began in 2001• Visitor program funded for 2002• First Aerosol Update in 2003• Web site: http://aerocenter.gsfc.nasa.gov• Email list: 170 subscribers

⅓ NASA, ⅓ GEST, ⅓ other• Bi-weekly seminar series, paper discussions


Aerosol Levers on Climate System

IPCC AR4 Working Group, 2007

AerosolsAerosols


Species:Sulfate - SUNitrate - NO3Ammonium - NH4Water - H2OBlack carbon - BCOrganic carbon- OCDust - DUSea Salt - SS

Bauer et al, submitted to Atmos. Chem Phys. 2008: The Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state MATRIX, an aerosol microphysical module for global atmospheric models

Nucleationmode

Nucleationmode

Accumulation modes

Coarse modesCoarse modes

nucleation

coagulation

SUNH4NO3H2O

SUNH4NO3H2O

SUNO3NH4H2OBCOC

SUNO3NH4H2OBCOC

DUSS

condensationcoagulation

DUSSSUNO3H2OBCOC

Particle radiusParticle radius

10 m10 m1 m1 m0.1 m0.1 m0.01 m0.01 m

Aerosol Compositional Challenge


Collaboration of NASA GSFC Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch and Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)Quick-look forecasts products available at a web site: http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/Mission_Support

• Fill in temporal and spatial gaps in our observations (assimilation)• Inform selection of measurement strageties (OSSEs)• Short-term chemical weather forecasting (mission support)• Prediction of future climate

Aerosol Models


Huisheng Bian, GEST-UMBC/NASA GSFC Code 613.3

Models Need Data

Evaluate models Say something about climate


FRP(MW)

1660

1383

1106

830

553

276

0

Terra-MODIS measurement of Fire Radiative Power (FRP) on 26-Oct-2003.

y = 0.018x

R2 = 0.859

y = 0.023x

R2 = 0.732

0

1000

2000

3000

0 20000 40000 60000

FRE release rate (MJ/s)

Smoke aerosol emission

rate (kg/s)

TerraAqua

Canada regional fires, 2002

Smoke emissions proportional to fire radiative power

C. Ichoku, L. Giglio, M. J. Wooster, and L. A. Remer, Global characterization of biomass-burning patterns using satellite measurements of Fire Radiative Energy. Remote Sens. Environ., (In Press), 2008.

Synergy of Models and Data


Cloud Albedo Effect

Gassó, S. (2008), "Satellite observations of the impact of weak volcanic activity on marine clouds" , J. Geophys. Res., 113, 27, doi:10.1029/2007JD009106. (In Press, Kaufman Special Issue)

Volcanic “ship tracks” – a natural laboratory for studying the indirect effect


-180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180

90

60

30

0

-30

-60

-90

longitude

0 2 4 6 8 10susceptibility x 1000

Cloud albedo response to changes in cloud microphysics

MODIS Terra Susceptibility October 2005

-180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180

90

60

30

0

-30

-60

-90

longitude

0 2 4 6 8 10susceptibility x 1000

Cloud Susceptibility

Platnick, S. and L. Oreopoulos, 2008: The radiative susceptibility of cloudy atmospheres to droplet number perturbations, Part I: Theoretical analysis and examples from MODIS. J. Geophys. Res. ( in revision for Kaufman special issue).Oreopoulos, L. and S. Platnick, 2008: The radiative susceptibility of cloudy atmospheres to droplet number perturbations, Part II: Global analysis from MODIS. J. Geophys. Res. (in revision for Kaufman special issue).

-180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180

90

60

30

0

-30

-60

-90

longitude

4 8 12 16 20 24 28effective radius (µm)

Susceptibility is correlated with larger cloud droplet effective radius

Cloud Effective Radius

Susceptibility/cloud fraction relations are important!


J.V. Martins, Department of Physics – UMBC/ NASA GSFC Code 613.2Alexander Marshak, Robert Cahalan, NASA GSFC Code 613.2

Aerosols and Clouds


Hygroscopic Growth in Amazonian Smoke

J.S. Schafer, Eck T.F., Holben B.N., Artaxo P.,Duarte A.F., Characterization of the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols in Amazônia from long-term AERONET monitoring [1993-95;1999-2006], J. Geophys. Res., 2007JD009319, in Press.

Aerosol Composition


0.92

0.93

0.94

0.95

0.96

0.97

0.98

0.99

1.00

400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

V2&V1 Desert Dust CasesAngstrom Exp. = 0.16 - 0.32

V1 Sir Bu Nuair - Aug 23V2 Sir Bu Nuair - Aug 23V1 Hamim -Aug 23V2 Hamim -Aug 23

Wavelength (nm)

Hamim α(440-870) = 0.16 Sir Bu Nuairα(440-870) = 0.32

(440)=0.58Hamim AOD (440)=0.52Sir Bu AOD

Aerosol Composition: Aerosol Absorption in Desert Dust

Eck, T.F., B. N. Holben, J. S. Reid, A. Sinyuk, O. Dubovik, A. Smirnov, D. Giles, O’Neill, N.T., S.-C. Tsay, Q. Ji, A. Al Mandoos, M. Ramzan Khan, E. A. Reid, J. S. Schafer, M. Sorokine, W. Newcomb, and I. Slutsker. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Column Integrated Aerosol Optical Properties in the Southern Arabian Gulf and United Arab Emirates in Summer, In Press, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres.


Combining Data Sources

Atmospheric correction to retrieve surface

Surface reflectance to retrieve atmosphere

12

Sinyuk, A., O. Dubovik, B. Holben, T.F. Eck, F-M Breon, J. Martonchik, R. Kahn, D. J. Diner, E. F. Vermote, J-C Roger, T. Lapyonok, and I. Slutsker, Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and surface properties from a combination of AERONET and satellite, Rem. Sens. of Env., 107, 2007, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.07.022.


Active and Passive Aerosol Physical Property Measurements, Inverse Retrieval Studies and In-Situ Validation, Investigators: Whiteman/GSFC, Veselovskii/UMBC, Ogren/NOAA, Andrews/CIRES, Collaborators: Sinyuk/SSAI, Dubovik/CNRS, Holben/GSFC, Ferrare/LaRC, Hostetler/LaRC, Müller/IfTP, GermanyRecently funded by NASA Radiation Sciences Program

Joint retrieval of lidar and sun photometer– Aerosol size distribution measured by

lidar at three altitudes

Raman Lidar LabB33/F421B

NOAA AirborneAerosol Observatory

AERONET gives you total columnar information.

0.1 1 100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

dV/dlnr,

m3cm

-3

Radius, m

2.9 km2.3 km

1.5 km

Joint Lidar/AERONET Vertical Composition Information

Lidar gives you the vertical information

Validation campaigns with NOAA AAO, 2009 and 2010


Aerosol Composition: Enhanced UV Aerosol Absorption

Black Carbon: TAU_ABS ~ -1

TAU_ABS as SSA

Nick Krotkov et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., manuscript in preparationNick Krotkov et al., Aerosol ultraviolet absorption experiment (2002 to 2004) , part 2: absorption optical thickness, refractive index, and single scatter albedo, Optical Engineering, 44(4) 041005, 2005.

ShadowbandShadowband

Measurements reveal• aerosol absorption differences between VIS and UV• aerosol is more absorbing than black carbon


MODIS/OMI Combination to Retrieve Aerosol Height

S.K. Sateesh, India Institute of Science on sabbatical at GSFC with ORAU

MODIS constrains extinction

OMI initial assumption of aerosol height


Summary

Nucleationmode

Nucleationmode

Accumulation modes

Coarse modesCoarse modes

nucleation

coagulation

SUNH4NO3H2O

SUNH4NO3H2O

DUSS

condensationcoagulation

DUSSSUNO3H2OBCOC

SUNO3NH4H2OBCOC

SUNO3NH4H2OBCOC

Particle radiusParticle radius

10 m10 m1 m1 m0.1 m0.1 m0.01 m

0.01 m

0.92

0.93

0.94

0.95

0.96

0.97

0.98

0.99

1.00

400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

V2&V1 Desert Dust CasesAngstrom Exp. = 0.16 - 0.32

V1 Sir Bu Nuair - Aug 23V2 Sir Bu Nuair - Aug 23V1 Hamim -Aug 23V2 Hamim -Aug 23

Wavelength (nm)

Hamim α(440-870) = 0.16 Sir Bu Nuairα(440-870) = 0.32

(440)=0.58Hamim AOD (440)=0.52Sir Bu AOD


• NASA has the important role of putting remote sensing capability into space

• Comprehensive mission involves also– Extensive calibration and validation– Ground-based and airborne supporting

measurements– Modeling

• Doing science to answer our questions

What is a Mission?


Hard Times Café, College Park

2008 aerosol update goddard space flight center peter colarco, code 613.3

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