new developments of sdd-based x-ray detectors for the siddharta-2 experiment
DESCRIPTION
New Developments of SDD-Based X-Ray Detectors for the Siddharta-2 Experiment. R. Quaglia 1,2 , L. Bombelli 3 , C. Fiorini 1,2 , G. Giacomini 4 , F. Ficorella 4 , A. Picciotto 4 , C. Piemonte 4 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
New Developments of SDD-Based X-Ray Detectors for the Siddharta-2 Experiment
R. Quaglia1,2, L. Bombelli3, C. Fiorini1,2, G. Giacomini4, F. Ficorella4, A. Picciotto4 , C. Piemonte4
1Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy2INFN Sez. di Milano, Milan, Italy3XGLab srl, Milan, Italy4Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
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SIDDHARTA-2SIlicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research by Timing Applications
• LNF- INFN, Frascati, Italy• SMI- ÖAW, Vienna, Austria• IFIN – HH, Bucharest, Romania• Politecnico, Milano, Italy• Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy• RIKEN, Japan• Univ. Tokyo, Japan• Victoria Univ., Canada
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
3Upgrade of the X-ray spectrometer for the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment
K-
Nucleus
X-ray
EM valueK-p Kα
Kaonic hydrogen
Kα Kβ
higher
SDD array
M. Bazzi et al., “Preliminary study of kaonic deuterium X-rays by the SIDDHARTA experiment at DAFNE”, Nucl. Phys. A907 (2013) 69-77.
Upgrade the apparatus with 200 cm2 of new SDD detectors
Strong interaction studies al low energy (non-perturbative QCD in strangeness sector) through precise X-ray spectroscopy measurements of Kaonic atoms transitions
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
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1 cm2 x 144 SDDs
SIDDHARTA-1 DETECTOR ARRAYS (produced at MPI-HLL, Munich, Germany)
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
5Development of SDDs by Politecnico & FBK
FBK production:• 4’’ wafer• 6’’ wafer upgrade now operative
• Started in 2011 within a project supported by ESA for LaBr3 scintillator readout with SDD arrays.
• Back entrance window optimized to achieve QE > 80 % at 380 nm ( suitable also for soft X-rays).
• Considered suitable for the upgrade of the Siddharta-2 apparatus, with preliminary evaluation on prototypes in 2012/2013
8 x 8 mm Array: 9 SDDs (8 x 8 mm each)
12 x 12 mm
Average leakage current: 2 nA/cm2
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
6Front-end readout strategy
SDD
CUBE
radiation entrance window
SDD CUBE
CMOS Preamplifier ‘CUBE’ (recently developed at Politecnico di Milano*)• the whole preamplifier is connected close to the SDD (and not only the FET)• the high transconductance of the input MOS compensates the larger capacitance
introduced in the connection SDD-FET• the remaining part of the electronics (the ASIC of analog processing) can be placed
relatively far from the detector (even 10-100cm)
30 ns55Fe signal (SDD)
*L. Bombelli, et al., “ “CUBE”, A Low-noise CMOS Preamplifier as Alternative to JFET Front-end for High-count Rate
Spectroscopy”, Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2011, N40-5.
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
7Spectroscopy with CUBE preamplifier
SDD characteristics:• Area = 10 mm2 (round)• T= -40 °C (Peltier cooling)• uncollimated source
1.0 ms shaping time (optimum)
250 ns shaping time!
126.4 eV FWHM
(ENC= 5.0 e- rms)
55Fe spectrum
123.0 eV FWHM
(ENC= 3.7 e- rms)
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
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Two biasing techniques of the back electrode:• independent bonding;
• biasing with punch-through mechanism;
punch-through
holes current density
The SDD is operated with the back electrode disconnected and biased by means of the punch-through technique.This eliminates bondings on the backside reduction of dead area in the detector hybrid
Single 8 x 8 mm detector (64 mm2)
Fiorini, C.; Longoni, A.; Lechner, P., "Single-side biasing of silicon drift detectors with homogeneous light-entrance window," Nuclear Science IEEE Transactions on, Aug 2000.
Test in a set-up with vacuum chamber and cryostat with a minimum temperature of 50 K.Low temperature operations are needed is Siddharta-2 to speed-up the drift time which is important for timing of the experiment.
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
9FW
HM
@ 6
keV
[eV
]
Shaping Time [µs]0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
120
122
124
126
128
130
132pre esa 160K standard biasing
pre esa 160k punch throught back biasing
No penalizations with temperatures below 200 K. In figure measurements at 160 K.Similar performances below this temperature. Uncollimated source.
Single 8 x 8 mm detector (64 mm2)
123.9 eV FWHM
ENC = 4.0 e-
y scale (FWHM) very small, 6 eV on all range (0.5 μs to 12 μs shaping time)!
standard biasing
punch-through back biasing
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
10Single 12 x 12 mm detector (144 mm2)
First sampled tested recently.
Successfully tested very good result at 150K, 100K and 50K. Test only with standard biasing of the back electrode. Uncollimated source.
124.7 eV FWHM
4 μs shaping time at 60 K 0.5 μs shaping time at 60 K
130.4 eV FWHM
12 mm 8 mm
8 mm
12 mm
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
11Monolithic array of 3x3 SDDs (6.7 cm2)
26 mm
Ceramic carrier
connector
9 holes for bondings
CUBEpreamplifier
Bias through the punch–through mechanism (no bonding on the back side).
1mm dead space on each side: 85% active area
26 mm
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
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Channel #1
PeakStretcher
Shaping Amplifier(7th order)
BaselineHolder
Peak Stretcher
Logic
Digital Section
Channel #2OutputBuffer
MUX
Channel #27
Reg
iste
rs SPIinterface
OUT
Mux Logic
Voltage and Current References2nd ASIC
TRIGGER LOGIC
c
TR_OUTTR_PRE
cTR_IN
IN_1
IN_2
IN_27
27 channels Shaper filter Semi-Gaussian 7th order complex poles. Peaking Time 2, 3, 4 or 6µs 3 Gain: 10k, 20k, 30k equivalent e- SPI 160 bits; Multiplexer 27 to 1 MUX clock 10 MHz Digital transfer standard LVDS
Test of 9 SDDs arrayASICs designed for gamma-spectroscopy with SDD
Quaglia, R.; et al."Readout electronics and DAQ system for silicon drift detector arrays in gamma ray spectroscopy applications," IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD, 2012.
Peloso, R. et al. "Development of a detector based on Silicon Drift Detectors for gamma-ray spectroscopy for astronomy applications," IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD, 2012.
Spectra with 1” LaBr3 scintillator (57Co, 137Cs, 60Co) and arrays with 9 SDDs
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
13SDDs array readout with the ASIC
Preliminary tests with SDDs array made with Peltier cooling at temperature -30 °C
Future tests with array in vacuum chamber and lower temperature
Results comparable with single channel measured at similar temperature
Nine spectra acquired with the ASIC, average FWHM: 145.21
note: leakage current still not negligible at this temperature: the resolution is consistent at this temperature for a 64 mm2
large device.
139.5 145.1 146.1
141.6 146.1 145.8
141.5 146.3 154.9
FWHMFWHM FWHM
FWHM FWHM FWHM
FWHM FWHM FWHM
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
14Conclusions and future works
• Experimentation of single SDD (8x8mm2 and 12x12mm2) as well as first arrays (3x3 units) show very good energy resolution performances
• SDD technology together with CUBE preamplifier looks suitable for the Siddharta-2 upgrade
• Design of a new readout ASIC compatible with SIDDHARTA-1 DAQ.
• Definition of the basic detector for SIDDHARTA-2, size of the single element, number of SDDs per module, ecc…
Riccardo QuagliaSeoul, IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD 2013
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Thank you for listening!
Questions?