NEW CONCEPT OF NEW VACCINE

Airborne vaccineA. Varicella Vaccine:

Type: live attenuated vaccine.

Administration: 0.5 ml s.c

Immunity: 85%-90% for prevention of disease .

100%for prevention of severity.

Target group:

-children aged 18 months and up to 12 y who have not

varicella before

-contact of cases: if given within 3 days of exposure.

Susceptible persons ˃ 13y e.g: health worker(2 doses ,4-8

weeks apart.

Hemophilus Influenze type “b” Vaccine ( Hib Vaccine ):

Type: The Hib conjugate &polysaccharides vaccine is an

inactivated vaccine.

Administration: 0.5ml I.M,3 or 4 doses

Immunity: More than 95% of infants will be protected after two or three doses.

Target group:

-1st dose:2m

2nd dose:4m

3rd dose:6m

Final dose: 12-15m of age( given at the same time of any other vaccination).

- People ˃ 5y given Hib vaccine at any age especially:

- -before surgery to remove spleen.- Following a bone marrow transplant.- Immunosuppression as sickle cell dis or

HIV.

Pneumococcal Vaccine:

Type:. conjugate &polysaccharides vaccine

Administration:0.5ml I.M,3 or 4 doses

Immunity: ppsv23 is60%-70% effective in

preventing invasive disease. Pcv7 is 97% effective in preventing invasive

disease .

Target group: 1st dose:2m

2nd dose:4m

3rd dose:6m

Final dose: 12-15m of age( not applicable till in egypt).

For 2years or older who have immunosuppression condition(HIV, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, organ transplant,……..)or take immunosuppressive therapy as steroid, cancer drugs or radiation therapy.

-adults 19-64 who have asthma or smokers.

Pertussis vaccine(whooping cough):

Type:. DTaP and Tdap vaccines are "inactivated"

vaccines(pertussis, dephteria, tetanus).

For the pertussis component of DTaP and Tdap vaccines,

purified components of the bacterium are grown and then

inactivated

Administration:0.5ml I.M. children get 5

doses(2,4,6,18m & 4-6y).

Immunity:

prevent the disease & prevent severity and mortality in

the affected persons.

Target group:

-children ˃ 4 yrears( no reaction of encephalitis).

Single dose is given to pregnant mothers before

given birth to her newborn to protect him from

infection.

-health care workers.

Foodborne dis vaccines

Rotavirus Vaccine(leading cause of severe acute G.E among children world wide):

Type: RotaTeq and Rotarix are both live attenuated vaccines.

Administration: orally

Immunity:

74% protection against any rotavirus dis and 98%

against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis.

Target group:(recommend routine vaccination of all infants with rotavirus vaccine.

-Rota Teq: given 3doses at 2,4,6 months. Rotarix: given 2doses at 2,4 months.

Typhoid vaccines:

Points of Comparison

Inactivated whole cell vaccine

VI conjugate polysaccharide

vaccine Oral Ty21a vaccine

Type Heat-phenol inactivated

Purified Vi polysaccharide

S.typhi

Live attenuated

s.typhi Ty21a

Mode of administration Subcutaneous Subcutaneous

Oral, one capsule

Number of doses Two doses One dose Three doses

Interval between. doses 4 weeks - Two days

Booster if needed Every 3 years Every two

years

-Every year to travelers to

endemic areas

- every five years to those

living in endemic areas

Adverse events following

vaccination:

local: Pain, swelling,

tenderness

Systemic: Fever

Not significant Not significant

Minimum age of administration

6 months 2 years 6 years

New cholera oral vaccines:

1. 1-Live attenuated oral vaccine: type: Live attenuated vibrio cholera O1

that stimulate formation of antibodies which neutralize the cholera toxins

Adminstration: Single oral dose immunity: Highly protective (up to 90%)

and extremely immunogenic

2-Killed oral vaccine (WC/rBS): type: Heat or formalin killed whole cell

vibrio choleraO1, classical and El-tor with purified recombinant B-subunit of cholera toxoid

Adminstration: 2 doses, one or 2 weeks apart and booster after 2 years for adults and children over six years

Immunity:It stimulate antibacterial and anti toxic

antibodies and attempts to stimulate intestinal mucosal

immune response similar to that induced by natural

infection.

-Safe and produce a rapid short term protection of 85-90%

during 6 months in all age groups after administration.

These 2 new oral cholera are preferred than the

old one because:

They provide better immunity

Fewer side effects

Easy to be administered

Combined HAV&HAB Vaccine(Twinrix): type: the hepatitis A and hepatitis B

combination vaccine for people 18 years of age and older.

Administration: 3 doses of Twinrix can be administered at 0, 7, and 21-30 days, followed by the 4th dose at 12 months later.

immunity: full protection against hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus infections.

Target group:

-people traveling to areas with high rates of

hepatitis A and hepatitis B and emergency

responders, especially those being deployed

to disaster areas overseas.

- people 18 years of age and older.