neuroimaging studies of normal agingmcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb135k/discussion/brainimaging.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Neuroimaging studies of normal aging
• The effects of normal aging on cognition
• Neuroimaging as a scientific tool
• The physiological basis of cognitive changesin normal aging
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Executive function
Visuospatial skills
Memory
Language
Attention
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Working Memory is the ability to maintain and manipulate information over short periods of time necessary to guide behavior
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4371506 -----> 4371506 MAINTAIN
4371506 -----> 6051734 MAINTAINand
MANIPULATE
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Where’s theflag?
Is this supposedto be fun?
Should Ikick it?
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Task Condition
ALONE COUNTING DIGIT SPAN
20s-30s
70s-80s
50s-60s
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FUNCTIONALSTRUCTURAL
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography
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Structural brain changes with agingchanges in brain volume
young old
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OTHER BRAIN REGIONS
FRONTAL
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FUNCTIONALSTRUCTURAL
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography
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YOUNG
OLD
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SPATIAL RESOLUTION
Primary visual cortex (V1) Ocular dominance columns
red = right eyeblue = left eye
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TEMPORAL RESOLUTION
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CUE DELAY RESPONSE
+ + +
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QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
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YOUNGUNDER
RECRUITMENT
ELDERLYOVER
RECRUITMENTNON-SELECTIVE RECRUITMENT
YOUNG
OLD
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Rea
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(mse
c)2 Letters 6 Letters
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FASTEST SLOWEST
YOUNG
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Neural recruitment
LESS ---------------------> MORE
FAST ---------------------> SLOW
Information processing speed
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2 6 2 6500
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Memory Load
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FASTEST SLOWEST
YOUNG
OLD
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Neural recruitment
LESS ------------------------------------------------> MORE
FAST ---------------------> SLOW
SLOW ---------------------> FASTYOUNG OLD
Information processing speed
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Summary
• Age-related decline in selective cognitive processes
• Functional MRI is a powerful method with excellent spatialand temporal resolution to study the physiological basis ofcognitive decline in normal aging
• Evidence for selective prefrontal cortical dysfunction(I.e. under-recruitment) with normal aging
• Possible neural as well as behavioral compensation
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Working memory task Functional MRI
EVXRC e
time