networking joe

INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING

OBJECTIVES

• At the end of the training the participants will be able to:– Identify Network Adapter– Know the advantages of networking– Configure computer to share printer/files

LAN

• A local area network is a computer network covering a small geographic area, like a home, office, or group of buildings.

Advantages of Networking

• Sharing Printers and Files

• File Servers

• Printer Servers

• Application Servers

• Internet Connection Sharing

Disadvantages of Networking

• Network Hardware, Software and Setup Costs

• Hardware and Software Management and Administration Costs

• Undesirable Sharing

• Illegal or Undesirable Behavior

• Data Security Concerns

LEARNING THE BASIC CABLING & CRIMPING

Tools and Supplies

UTP cableUnshielded Twisted Pair, a popular type of cable that consists of two unshielded wires twisted around each other.

RJ-45 connectorsRegistered Jack-45, an eight-wire connector used commonly to connect computers onto a local area network (LAN)

Wire stripper is a small, hand-held device used to strip the insulation from electric wires

RJ-45 crimping toolis a tool designed to crimp or connect a connector to the end of a

cable.

Tools and Supplies

keystone jack is a female connector used in data communications, particularly local area networks (LANs). The jack is usually mounted in a wall plate or patch panel. A keystone plug is the matching male connector, usually attached to the end of a cable or cord.

Network tester provides connectivity verification across LAN and WAN Networks. Tools for managing, maintaining and troubleshooting networks

Tools and Supplies

network switch is a small hardware device that joins multiple computers together within one local Area network (LAN).

Routers are physical devices that join multiple wired or wireless networks together

Difference of Cross & Straight Cable

• Crossover Cable is used when you are connected from one computer directly to another computer. The crossover cable takes the transmitted signal from one computer and sends it to the receiver of the second computer and vice versa.

• Straight Cable is used when you are connecting two or more computers to a router, switch or hub. The router, switch or hub then takes the transmitted signal and connects it to the correct wire automatically to be transmitted to the other computers receiver and vice versa.

Straight Cable

• A straight-thru cable has identical ends.

Cross Cable

• A crossover cable has different ends.

Steps in creating twisted pair

1. Determine how long your UTP cable should be. You'll want to allow adequate slack for moving the computer and for avoiding strong interference sources. Keep the maximum distances for UTP cables listed later in this chapter in mind.

2. Roll out the appropriate length of cable.

3. Cut the cable cleanly from the box of wire.


4. Use the wire stripper to strip the insulation jacket off the cable to expose the TP wires; you'll need to rotate the wire about 1-1/4 turns to strip away all the jacket.


5. Check the outer jacket and inner TP wires for nicks; adjust the stripper tool and repeat steps 3 and 4 if you see damage.

6. Arrange the wires according to the standard.


7. Trim the wire edges so the eight wires are even with one another and are slightly less than 1/2 inch past the end of the jacket. If the wires are too long, crosstalk (wire-to-wire interference) can result; if the wires are too short, they can't make a good connection with the RJ-45 plug.


8. With the clip side of the RJ-45 plug facing away from you, push the cable into place. Verify that the wires are arranged according to the standard before you crimp the plug onto the wires

Steps in creating twisted pair 9. Use the crimping tool to squeeze the RJ-45

plug onto the cable. The end of the cable should be tight enough to resist being removed by hand.

10.Repeat steps 4-9 for the other end of the cable. Recut the end of the cable if needed before stripping it.

11.Label each cable with the following information: Wiring standard Length End with crossover (if any)

NETWORK ADAPTER

• A device to connect a computer to other computers in a network for high speed communication.

Network adapter

• Many newer computers have a network adapter built in that you can use to connect to a wired network. Network ports resemble phone jacks, but they are slightly larger and have eight pins inside.

How to determine if you have a network adapter

How to connect network adapter

• Shut down your computer by clicking Start and then clicking Turn Off Computer. Then click Turn Off.

After your computer shuts down, make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer. Then unplug all cables from your computer.

Lay your computer on a flat surface, like a desk or table. Remove the side panel from your computer's case. Depending on the case, you may need to remove screws at the back of your computer.

With the side panel removed, you can see the inside of your computer. Identify an available slot that fits your card. If necessary, remove the small metal panel protecting the opening for the slot at the back of your computer, and save the screw.

• Touch an unpainted portion of your computer's case to discharge any static electricity. Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot. Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in

the slot.


• Replace the screw that you removed, which will help hold the card in place.

• Replace the side panel to your computers case.

• Connect the network cable to the network adapter.

• Connect the other end of the network cable to your networking equipment.

• Reconnect all cables to your computer, start your computer, and log on to Windows. Windows detects and installs the new hardware, and then displays a notification informing you that the hardware has been successfully installed.


• Connect the other end of the network cable to your networking equipment.

NETWORKING

• The linking of a number of devices, such as computers, workstations, printers for the purpose of sharing resources.

NETWORK TROUBLESHOOTING

Definition of Terms

• Internet Protocol (IP) - is the method by which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet.

• IP Address – numbers which identifies and allows them the ability to communicate with each other on a computer network.

• Subnet Mask - a subnet may represent all the machines at one geographic location, in one building, or on the same LAN.

• Gateway - is a network point that acts as an entrance to another network

Definition of Terms

• Domain Name System (DNS)- an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses.

• Firewall - is a set of related programs, located at a network gateway server, that protects the resources of a private network from users from other networks.

• Ping Test - determines whether your computer can communicate with another computer over the network.

• IPCONFIG - is a command line tool used to control the network connections on Windows machines.

Definition of Terms Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client/server protocol

that automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other related configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway

Static - refers to elements of the Internet or computer programming that are fixed and not capable of action or change.

PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) is a specification for connecting multiple computer users on an Ethernet local area network to a remote site.

SSID (Service Set IDentifier) - a 32-character unique identifier attached to the header of packets sent over a WLAN that acts as a password when a mobile device tries to connect to the Broadband Switching System (BSS).

Definition of Terms

• WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is an interim standard by the Wifi Alliance. WPA will most likely be rolled into the eventual IEEE 802.11i standard.

• WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) is a security protocol for wireless networks that encrypts transmitted data

Internet Connection

1. Make sure you have the same Internet Protocol (IP) scheme (e.g. 192.168.0.x).

2. Make sure you have the same Subnet Mask, Gateway, and DNS IP addresses

3. Make sure you can ping the other computer's by IP address

4. Make sure you can ping the other computer by Name

5. Make sure you have the same workgroup name (watch for trailing spaces)

Internet Connection

6. For troubleshooting purposes, uninstall any 3rd party firewall software and turn off XP's built in one. You can always add more complexity after you get it working.

7. With Windows2000 or XP, make sure you have the same username and password as the person logging onto the other computers. The default setting for XP Pro is to require a password for network access.

Internet Connection

8. Basically keep things simple. Remove any unnecessary firewalls, protocols or other configurations the complicate the troubleshooting process. You can add them back in later after you get things working.

Difficulty in Network Connection?

9. Try PINGing other computer(s) on your network both by IP address and Name

10.This is to test if you have basic TCP/IP connectivity. Without success here, you are likely not to get much farther.

11. First use a computer's IP address. If you are connecting to the Internet, try pinging the IP address of your external DNS server

Difficulty in Network Connection?

12. Try PINGing yourself A good response ensures the loopback in the local

machine can be reached.

PING: if no reply, check the ff:

1.Triple check all your network settings.

2.If you have Win9x, you can run WINIPCFG to get a graphic of your TCP/IP settings.


3. If you have Windows2000 or XP, open up a command window (Start / Run / CMD), then run IPCONFIG /ALL. This will give a text display of all the IP information for any network adapters.


If you have a network adapter, make sure that the adapter is set up correctly.

Also check to see if any link status lights on your adapter are lit.

If you are on a local LAN, see if you can use another known working computer's network drop, cabling, and network card.

Make sure your Dial-Up Network settings are all correct. It is easy to miss an item.

If your PING works but you are having problems finding sites on the Internet

Try PINGing a name rather than an IP address. This will determine if your DNS entry is correct or working. For example: PING www.yahoo.com If this works, then likely your web browser is misconfigured.

Make sure you do not have an incorrect proxy server setting in your Web Browser

If you can't Ping a Computer Name

• Check the DNS IP address in your Network or Dial-Up Icon's setup

• If you are only using an ISP and not connected to a local LAN, you only need a DNS entry in the Dial-Up Icon.

If you are on a LAN but cannot connect to any other devices

Make sure you have the same username and password defined on any NT based computer (NT 4, Windows2000 and XP), that are logging into the other computers.

Try connecting to the computer using Start \ Run and enter \\Servername where Servername is the name of the server you want to connect to.

File Sharing

Configure your computer to share files

• Log on to your computer as an administrator.

• Click Start, and then click My Documents.


• Right-click the folder that you want to share, and then click Sharing and Security.


• If you see a message that reads, As a security measure, Windows has disabled remote access to this computer, click the Network Setup Wizard link.


In the Properties dialog box, select the Share this folder on the network check box.

If you want to be able to edit your files from any computer on your network (instead of just being able to open them without saving any changes), select the Allow network users to change my files check box.

Click OK.

Sharing printers

• Log on to your computer as an administrator.

• Click Start, and then click Printers and Faxes.

Sharing printers

• In the Printers and Faxes window, right-click your printer, and then click Sharing.

Sharing printers

In the My Printer Properties dialog box, click Share this printer

Click OK.

Connect to a shared printer

• Click Start, and then click Printers and Faxes.


• In the Printers and Faxes window, click File, and then click Add Printer.


• On the Welcome to the Add Printer Wizard page, click Next.


On the Local or Network Printer page, click A network printer, or a printer attached to another computer, and then click Next.


• On the Specify a Printer page, click Browse for a printer, and then click Next.


• On the Browse for Printer page, under Microsoft Windows Network, expand any groups you see by clicking the plus sign next to the group name. Then select your printer. Click Next.


• In the Connect to Printer dialog box, click Yes.


• On the Completing the Add Printer Wizard page, click Finish.

THANK YOU!!!!

JONATHAN G. OBIAS

networking joe

Education

computer network

wire connector

popular type of cable

appropriate length of

cross cablea crossover

network tester

network adapterknow

correct wire