network technical programme of aicrp- weed control (2014 ...dwr.org.in/aicrp-wm document/aicrp-wc...

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Network Technical Programme of AICRP- Weed Control (2014-15 and 2015-16)

Network Programmes WS 1. Weed surveillance and monitoring WS 2. Weed biology and physiology WS 3. Weed management in crops and cropping systems WS 4. Management of problematic weeds WS 5. Herbicide residues and environmental quality WS 6. On-farm research and impact assessment

WS 1: Weed surveillance and monitoring WS 1.1a: Monitoring of appearance of new weed species. Objective: To monitor the appearance of new weed species in particular region. Cooperating centres: All centres including voluntary centres Methodology: Surveillance needs to be made for appearance of any new weed/weeds at places of high risks (i.e. nearby area of public distribution systems, procurement centres, FCI godowns, garbage area or any other hot spot). Such places (fixed spots) need to be visited frequently. Observations: Appearance of new weed (if any) should be recorded by taking photographs, frequency, and other information like growing habit, duration and soil analysis of that spot(s) and possible source of entry. Specimen of the species must be preserve in the form of herbarium and quality photographs covering all the important growth stages. A sample of seeds should be stored carefully for further detailed studies. A record of the surveillance points (supported by GPS data) must be maintained. WS 1.2: Monitoring of weed shift due to weed management practices, changes in cropping systems and climatic parameters in prevailing ecosystems Objective: To monitor weed shift due to weed management practices and other

cultural and climatic factors. Cooperating centres: All centres including voluntary centres Methodology: Weed shift and appearance of new weeds have to be documented in all long-term trials (specific to cropping system) allotted to a particular centre. Observations: If there is any case of weed shift or appearance of new weed, then different parameters (approximate time of appearance, counts/m2, dry weight of that particular weed/weeds/m2 or any other relevant parameters) need to be recorded.

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WS 1.3: Monitoring of herbicide resistance / escapes in weeds of the dominant cropping system Objective: To monitor resistance against commonly used herbicide at farmers' field Cooperating centres: All centres Methodology:

i. The phenomenon of resistance should first be observed at farmers‟ field during the survey in the form of poor control of a particular weed, which was earlier controlled with the same herbicide.

ii. Seeds of such a weed population may be collected and its reaction to the herbicide may be observed in the pot experiment by comparing it with the seeds from field where it was controlled.

iii. If the experiment reveals differences in the level of control or mortality against recommended dose of herbicide, development of resistance could be suspected which may further be probed.

iv. The resistant populations may be sown in rows or in pots along with those of susceptible populations and treated with graded doses of herbicide (0, 1x, 2x and 4x).

Observations:

i. Initial plant count per unit length of row or pot, and as soon as initial mortality is observed and again at 20 days after spray (DAS) to work out decline in population due to mortality caused by herbicide.

ii. Plant dry matter (above-ground) as soon as initial mortality is observed/ at 20 DAS and again at 50 DAS along with other growth parameters like height and number of tillers etc. The dry matter at both 20 and 50 DAS could be used to work out RGR of the weed populations under different doses of herbicide and compared with control.

iii. The dry matter of weed populations at 50 DAS against graded doses of herbicide may be used to work out GR50 values.

iv. The phenomenon of resistance must always be inheritable. Therefore, the seeds of survivors from the above experiment must be collected population- and treatment-wise and again tested against graded doses of herbicides in the subsequent season to confirm the resistance.

Note: In case of positive results (i.e. if cases of herbicide resistance found), it is possible that experiment may extend beyond 2016 to reach a logical conclusion depending upon the progress made.

WS 2. Weed biology and physiology Objective: To study detail biology of weeds in cropped and non-cropped area WS 2.1a. Biology of important weeds Cooperating centres: All centres (except Hisar) and Volunteer centre (Karaikal) Methodology: Experiments to be conducted in pots having representative soil of particular area. Biology of 2 most significant weeds of cropped area and 2 weeds of non-cropped situation of their respective areas should be studied. Centre-wise list weed species is attached as Annexure-I. Species mentioned at serial number 1 and 2 must will be target species. Please note that if a common weed appeared in the list under cropped and non-cropped category, then next species may be

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taken. A weed species should be excluded if a particular centre is also allotted that species for subsequent experiments (2.1b,c,d). Observations to be recorded: Germination % at different depths (0, 2, 5, 10 cm) should be recorded. Observations on total biomass, dry matter portioning (root, shoot dry weight), root: shoot ratio (on dry weight basis), relative growth rate, day to flower, days to maturity, no. of reproductive structure/plant, no. of seed per plant, dormancy of seeds, degree of shattering and any other relevant parameters. Observation to be recorded at least at two growth stages (Individual centre may decide relevant growth stages depending upon growing habit of a particular species). In addition, associated crop(s) also be grown in separate pots but under similar conditions for comparison.

WS 2.1b: Weedy rice Objective: To study detail biology and physiology of weedy rice

Cooperating centres: Thrissur, Coimbatore, Palampur, Bengaluru, Kanpur, Faizabad, Ludhiana, Bhubneshwar, Ranchi, Pusa, Jorhat and Srinikatan

Methodology: Morphologically different accessions of weedy rice need to be collected and deposited at Headquarter for detailed studies. With every collected accession, initial information on plant height, tiller number, number of panicle/plant and days to maturity and photographs of mature grains at physiological maturity stage must be recorded. 10-50 g of seeds preferably collected from single plant must be supplied to Headquarter for further in depth studies alongwith details as mentioned above. Every centre must name the accession using name of centre followed year of collection and an accession number. For example for TNAU, name can be given as WRTNAU14-1 (where WR stand for weedy rice, TNAU- univ./institute name 14 stand for year and 1 stand for accession number. For next year number will start as WRTNAU15-1 and so on.

Note: Kindly ensure that there should not repetition of accessions. It can be done by keeping record of the collected accessions with photographs. Dr Meenal Rathore will co-ordinate this activity.

WS 2.1c: Phalaris minor (resistance to isoproturon and inheritance of resistance to alternate herbicides) Objectives: To evaluate the resistance to isoproturon and inheritance of resistance to alternate herbicides in different biotypes of Phalaris minor.

Cooperating centres: Hisar and Ludhiana

Methodology: Different biotypes of P. minor collected from farmers‟ fields during previous rabi seasons will be grown in pots and following treatments will be applied for resistance studies.

Treatments:

Sr No

Herbicide Dose (g/ha) Time of Application

1 Clodinafop 30 2-4 LS

2 -do- 60 ,,

3 -do- 120 ,,

4 Sulfosulfuron 12.5 ,,

5 -do- 25 ,,

6 -do- 50 ,,

7 Mesosulfuron+ iodosulfuron 7.2 ,,

8 -do- 14.4 ,,

9 -do- 28.8 ,,

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10 Pinoxaden 25 ,,

11 -do- 50 ,,

12 -do- 100 ,,

13 Untreated check -- --

Design: CRD Replications: 3 Observations:

i) Per cent control of P. minor at 30 days after spray. ii) Dry weight of weeds at 30 days after spray. iii) Computation of GR50 values of different herbicides.

WS. 2.1d Viability/regeneration potential of glyphosate-treated Cyperus rotundus Objective: To see regeneration potential of glyphosate-treated Cyperus rotundus Co-operating centres: Bengaluru, Ranchi, Coimbatore, Ludhiana; Pantnagar, Thrissur Treatments:

1. Glyphosate @ 1.5 kg/ha 2. Glyphosate @ 750 g/ha 3. 2,4-D amine salt @ 500 g/ha) 4. 2,4-D amine salt (125 g/ha) 5. 2,4-D amine salt (125 g/ha) to induced senescence for 48h followed by

glyphosate @ 750 g/ha 6. Control

Plot size - 2 x 2 m2 (in fixed plots) Replications –Three Observations:

i. Regeneration of the Cyperus rotundus tubers ii. Mortality of shoots in main plot. iii. Tuber viability in chain from nearest to distant tubers. iv. Dig out 10 tubers 30 days after spray from 0-15 cm depth from each

treatment replication-wise, and plant these into pots to see the propagation potential in the form of sprouts, shoot growth and new tuber formation and total biomass.

v. Tuber production in main plot. vi. Any other relevant observation

WS 2.2. Development of key identification and other taxonomic criteria in recognizing seed and seedlings of weed flora. Objective: To develop keys for identification of weeds at species level Co-operating centres: Jorhat and Sriniketan Methodology: Per year, at least two weeds having more than one species may be selected. Identification keys may be developed to distinguish available species in India. Species available at other centres also can be included. As a next step, material can be passed to DWSR for developing molecular fingerprinting for foolproof identification. Dr Bhumesh Kumar will co-ordinate this activity.

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WS 2.3: Station trials based on location-specific problems WS 2.3.1: Impact of climatic regime on changes of weed flora composition Objectives: To study the changes of floristic composition of weed flora under the

influence of climate change. Cooperating centre: Jorhat Methodology:

1. Depending upon micro level Agroclimatic / phytogeographic (in case of high diversity regions) parameters – study area is to be selected.

2. Month-wise climatic parameters of this region are to be collected from specified meteorological stations for last 20 to 50 years and standard curves should be drawn after proper analysis.

3. Cropping history of the place is to be collected discussing with the farming community representatives, state‟s Agri-Horti Directorates, as well as University‟s own records.

4. Name of the weed species and their density data recorded during survey and surveillance study are to be collected. Present status of weed flora and their density are to be recorded based on GPS information.

5. Changes over years are to be computed in two ways – a. Addition and elimination of species, b. Density of weed flora

WS 2.3.2: Documentation of crop-weed association at different altitude in

J&K region. Centre: Srinagar Methodology: During rabi season areas in the hill regions of Kashmir valley of J&K state will be taken up for the purpose of Survey of weed flora. The exact rout will be decided taking into consideration the geographical features and connectivity. Observations:

Crop-weed association up to 1700 m altitude during Rabi 2014 Crop-weed association in the Karewas up to 1700 to 2000 m during Rabi

2014 Crop-weed association in the Forest above2000m during Rabi 2014

WS 2.3.3: Threshold study of dominant weed species. Objective: To study the loss of yield and quality of crop under the influence of

different density of selected weed species. Cooperating centre: Jorhat Methodology:

1. Crop and weed species are to be selected depending upon local priority. 2. Crop is to be cultivated by following recommended package of practices. 3. Seeds of selected weed species are to be sown just after land preparation. 4. Densities of the weed are to be maintained in different plots starting from

10/m2 to 150/m2.

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5. Other weeds are to be eradicated as and when appeared. 6. Densities of the target weed species are to be maintained up to the end of

the critical crop weed competition period or at least to the time of blooming of the crop.

7. Instead of replicated plots, single large plots are to be maintained for each density treatment, while, data are to be recorded in replicated way.

8. Yield and yield attributing characters of the crop are to be recorded as detailed as possible. Phenology of crop and weed species is to be recorded by observing the field at weekly interval.

9. Yield loss is to be computed by correlating the data recorded. Quality assessment of the crop should also be done.

WS 3: Weed management in crops and cropping systems WS 3.1: Herbicides combinations for control of complex weed flora in rice WS 3.1.1: Herbicides combinations for control of complex weed flora in

transplanted rice Objectives:

To study the bio-efficiency of combination of herbicides against complex weed flora, and their effect on growth and yield of transplanted rice.

To study the phytotoxic effects on the crop, if any. Cooperating centres: Hisar, Ludhiana, Bhubaneswar, Faizabad, Kanpur,

Sriniketan, Pantnagar, Bengaluru, Coimbatore, Thrissur, Pusa and Karaikal

Treatments:

Treatment Dose (g/ha) Time (DAT)

T1 Bispyribac-Na 25 25

T2 Penoxsulam 24% SC 22.5 15

T3 Bispyribac + ethoxysulfuron 25+18.75 25 DAT (3-4 leaf stage)

T4 Bispyribac + chlorimuron+metsulfuron (Almix)

20+4 Do

T5 Pretilachlor fb ethoxysulfuron 750/18.75 0-3 fb 25 DAT (3-4 leaf stage)

T6 Pretilachlor fb chlorimuron+metsulfuron (Almix)

750/4 0-3 fb 25 DAT (3-4 leaf stage)

T7 Pyrazosulfuron fb chlorimuron+metsulfuron (Almix)

20 /4 0-3fb 25

T8 Penoxsulam+ cyhalofop 6% OD (RM)

135 15-20

T9 Triafamone+ ethoxysulfuron 30% WG (RM)

60 15

T10 Pendimethalin (38.7% CS)fb bispyribac-sodium

750/25 0-3 /25

T11 Hand weeding at 25 and 45 DAS

T12 Weedy check

Spray volume: 500 L/ha Design: RBD Replications: 3 Observations:

i. Weed population and dry matter at 60 DAT ii. Weed control efficiency (%) at 60 DAT

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iii. Crop growth parameters iv. Yield attributes and yield v. Phytotoxicity on crop vi. Nutrient depletion by weeds (uptake kg/ha) at harvest vii. Economics analysis

WS 3.1.2: Herbicides combinations for management of complex weed flora

in drum seeded rice (Puddled) Objectives:

To study the bio-efficiency of combination of herbicides against weed complex; and their effect on growth and yield of drum-seeded rice

To study the phytotoxic effects on the crop, if any. Cooperating centres: Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Coimbatore Treatments:

Treatment Dose (g/ha) Time of application

T1 Azimsulfuron 35 25-30 DAS

T2 Pretilachlor + safener fb. HW 450 3-5 fb 40 DAS

T3 Pretilachlor + safener fb azimsulfuron 450 fb 35 3-5 fb. 25-30 DAS

T4 Bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor fb HW/MW

60 + 600 5 fb 40 DAS

T5 Bispyribac sodium fb HW/MW 25 20 fb 40 DAS

T6 Pyrazosulfuron ethyl fb HW/MW 20 8-10 fb 40 DAS

T7 Oxadiargyl fb HW/MW 80 8-10 fb 40 DAS

T8 Pyrazosulfuron ethyl fb azimsulfuron 20 fb 35 8-10 fb 25-30 DAS

T9 Oxadiargyl fb azimsulfuron 80 fb 35 8-10 fb 25-30 DAS

T10 Mechanical weedings - 20 fb 40 DAS

T11 Hand weedings - 20 fb 40 DAS

T12 Un-weeded check - -

Design: RBD Replications: 3 Observations:

i. Weed population and dry matter at 60 DAS ii. Weed control efficiency at 60 DAS iii. Crop growth parameters iv. Yield attributes and yield v. Phytotoxicity on crop vi. Nutrient depletion by weeds (uptake kg/ha) at harvest vii. Economics analysis

WS 3.1.3: Herbicides combinations for control of complex weed flora in

direct- seeded rice (dry/wet) Objectives:

To study the bio-efficiency of combination of herbicides against weed complex; and their effect on growth and yield of direct-seeded rice

To study the phytotoxic effects on the crop, if any

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Cooperating centres:

Dry seeded: Bhubaneswar, Bengaluru, Ranchi, Palampur, Jorhat, Dapoli, Raipur and Thrissur

Wet seeded: Faizabad, Kanpur, Coimbatore, Sriniketan and Pusa (Interested centre may continue for 1 more year)

Treatments:

Treatment Dose (g/ha)

Time of application (DAS)

T1 Bispyribac-Na 25 20 DAS (3-4 leaf stage)

T2 Pendimethalin*fb bispyribac 1000fb 25 0-2 fb 25

T3 Oxadiargylfb bispyribac 100 /25 0-2 fb. 25

T4 Pyrazosulfuronfb bispyribac 20/25 0-3 fb. 25

T5 Pendimethalin*fb bispyribacfb manual weeding

1000fb 25 0-2 fb. 20DAS (3-4 leaf stage) fb 45d

T6 Pendimethalin*fb manual weeding 1000 0-2 fb. 25-30d

T7 Bispyribac + (chlorimuron + metsulfuron) 20+4 20 DAS

T8 Three mechanical weedings (cono / rotary weeder) (Rice spacing 25 cm)

- 20,40,60 DAS

T9 Weed free (HW at 20, 40 and 60 DAS) - -

T10 Weedy check - -

*Pendimethalin (Stomp Xtra 38.7% CS); Spray volume: 500 L/ha for PRE and 375 L/ha for POST herbicides

Note: Pendimethalin in wet-seeded rice be applied as early post-emergence (10-15 DAT).

Design: RBD Replications: 3 Observations:

i. Weed population (no./m2) and dry matter (g/m2) at 60 DAS. ii. Weed control efficiency (%) at 60 DAS iii. Crop growth parameters iv. Yield attributes and yield. v. Phytotoxicity on crop vi. Nutrient depletion by weeds (uptake kg/ha) at harvest vii. Economics analysis

3.2: Herbicides combinations for control of complex weed flora in wheat Objectives:

To study the bio-efficiency of combination of herbicides against weed complex; and their effect on growth and yield of wheat

To study the phytotoxic effects on the crop, if any Cooperating centres: Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Kanpur, Faizabad, Palampur,

Gwalior, Pusa, Ranchi, Anand, Parbhani, Bikaner, Dharwad and Jammu

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Treatments:

Herbicides Dose (kg/ha)

Application time

T1 Pendimethalin 0.75 PRE

T2 Sulfosulfuron 0.025 PO

T3 Metribuzin 0.21 PRE

T4 Clodinafop 0.06 PO

T5 Pendimethalin+metribuzin 1.0+0.175 PRE

T6 Pendimethalin fb sulfosulfuron 1.0+ 0.018 PRE & PO

T7 Sulfosulfuron+metsulfuron (Total) 0.03 +0.002 5 WAS

T8 Pinoxaden+ metsulfuron (Premix) 0.06+0.004 5 WAS

T9 Mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (Atlantis) 0.012 +0.0024 5 WAS

T10 Clodinafop + metsulfuron (Premix) (Vesta)

0.06 + 0.004 5 WAS

T11 2 HW - 30 and 60 DAS

T12 Un-weeded control

*Pendimethalin (Stomp Xtra 38.7% CS) Design: RBD; Replications: 3

Observations:


WS 3.3: Weed management in turmeric/other vegetables 3.3.1: Integrated weed management with pre and post emergence herbicides

in turmeric Objectives:

To study the bio-efficacy of different herbicides against weeds and their effect on growth and yield of turmeric

To study the phytotoxic effects on the crop, if any.

Cooperating centres: Hisar, Palampur, Faizabad, Pusa, Jorhat, Ranchi, Parbhani, Bengaluru, Pantnagar, and Puducherry

Treatments:

Herbicides Dose Application time

T1 Metribuzin fb 2 hand weeding 0.7 kg/ha 0-5 DAP fb 45 and 75 DAP

T2 Metribuzin fb fenoxaprop + metsulfuron

0.7 kg/ha fb 67 + 4 g/ha

0-5 DAP fb 45 DAP

T3 Metribuzin fb straw mulch fb HW 0.7 kg/ha fb 10 t/ha 0-5 DAP fb 10 DAP fb 75 DAP

T4 Pendimethalin fb 2 HW 1.0 kg/ha 0-5 DAP fb 45 and 75 DAP

T5 Pendimethalin fb fenoxaprop + 1.0 kg/ha fb 67 + 0-5 DAP fb 45

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metsulfuron 4 g/ha DAP

T6 Pendimethalin fb straw mulch fb HW

1.0 kg/ha fb 10 t/ha

0-5 DAP fb 10 DAP fb 75 DAP

T7 Atrazine fb two HW 0.75 kg/ha 0-5 DAP fb 45 and 75 DAP

T8 Atrazine fb fenoxaprop + metsulfuron

0.75 kg/ha fb 67 + 4 g/ha

0-5 DAP fb 45 DAP

T9 Atrazine fb straw mulch fb HW 0.75 kg/ha fb 10 t/ha

0-5 DAP fb 10 DAP fb 75 DAP

T10 Oxyfluorfen fb two HW 0.30 kg/ha 0-5 DAP fb 45 and 75 DAP

T11 Oxadiargyl fb two HW 0.25 kg/ha 0-5 DAP fb 45 and 75 DAP

T12 Glyphosate fb 2 HW 5.0 ml/lit 25 fb 45 and 75 DAP

T13 Glyphosate fb 2 HW 7.5 ml/lit 25 fb 45 and 75 DAP

T14 Hand weeding (3) 25, 45 and 75 DAP

T15 Un-weeded check

Design: RBD Replications:3 Observations:

i. Weed population (no./m2) and dry matter (g/m2) at 75 DAS. ii. Weed control efficiency (%) at 75 DAS iii. Crop growth parameters iv. Yield attributes and yield. v. Phytotoxicity on crop vi. Nutrient depletion by weeds (uptake kg/ha) at harvest vii. Economics analysis Note: 1-2 additional or alternative treatments may be included in an experiment based on the local/specific conditions, without changing the basic structure of the experiment 3.3.2: Integrated control of complex weed flora in garlic. Objectives:

To study the bio-efficacy of different herbicides against weeds and their effect on growth and yield of garlic

To study the integrated impact of mulching on weed growth in garlic

To study the phytotoxic effects on the crop, if any Cooperating centres: Ludhiana, Pantanagr, Kanpur, Faizabad, Parbhani, Anand.

Bengaluru and Dharwad Treatments:

Main plots 1. Without straw mulch 2. Paddy straw mulch 5.0

t/ha

Sub-plots 1. Pendimethalin 1.0 kg /ha pre-emergence 2. Oxyflurofen 0.223 kg /ha pre-emergence 3. Manual weeding (2) 4. Weedy check

Design: Split plot;; Number of replication: 3

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Observations:

i. Weed population (no./m2) and dry matter (g/m2) at 75 DAS. ii. Weed control efficiency (%) at 75 DAS iii. Crop growth parameters iv. Yield attributes and yield. v. Phytotoxicity on crop vi. Nutrient depletion by weeds (uptake kg/ha) at harvest vii. Economics analysis 3.3.3: Integrated weed management in ginger Objectives:

To study the effect of integrated weed control measures against weeds and on growth and yield of ginger

To study the phytotoxic effects on the crop, if any Cooperating centres: Thrissur, Ranchi, Bhubaneaswar, Pusa, Sriniketan, Jorhat,

Kanpur and Faizabad Treatments:

Herbicides Dose Application time

T1 Pendimethalin

1.5 kg/ha After planting but before mulching

T2 Oxyfluorfen 0.20 kg/ha After planting but before mulching

T3 Pendimethalin fb hand weeding

1.5 kg/ha After planting but before mulching fb 30-35 DAP

T4 Oxyfluorfen fb hand weeding 0.20 kg/ha After planting but before mulching fb 30-35 DAP

T5 Glyphosate

0.80 kg/ha Just before emergence of sprouts of ginger

T6 Glyphosate+ pendimethalin 0.80 +1.5 kg/ha Just before emergence of sprouts of ginger

T7 Glyphosate + oxyfluorfen 0.80 + 0.2 kg/ha

Just before emergence of sprouts of ginger

T8 Hand weeding (2)

- 30 and 60 DAP

T9 Un-weeded control

-

Design: RBD; Replication: 3; Plot size: 20 m2 Observations:


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Note: 1-2 additional or alternative treatments may be included in an experiment based on the local/specific conditions, without changing the basic structure of the experiment WS 3.4: Weed management in pulses and oilseed crops Objectives:

To study the bioefficacy of different herbicides against weeds and their effect on growth and yield of blackgram / greengram

To study the phytotoxic effects on the blackgram / greengram, if any

To study the residual effect of herbicides applied in blackgram/ greengram on succeeding mustard crop

3.4.1: Studies on time of application of imazethapyr and its ready mix

combination with imazamox (Odyssey) against weeds in blackgram Objectives:

To study the bio-efficacy of different herbicides against weeds and their effect on growth and yield of blackgram.

To study the phytotoxic effects on the urd bean, if any.

To study the residual effect of herbicides applied in urd bean on succeeding

Cooperating centres: Gwalior, Hisar, Ludhiana, Bikaner, Palampur, Anand,

Faizabad, Pantnagar, Sriniketan, Meerut, Bhubaneswar and Coimbatore

Treatments:

Herbicides Dose (g/ha) Time of application

T1 Imazethapyr 70 PRE

T2 Imazethapyr 80 PRE

T3 Imazethapyr 70 3-4 leaf stage

T4 Imazethapyr 80 3-4 leaf stage

T5 Imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 70 PRE

T6 Imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 80 PRE

T7 Imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 70 3-4 leaf stage

T8 Imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) 80 3-4 leaf stage

T9 Pendimethalin 1000 PE

T10 Imazethapyr + pendimethalin (RM) 1000 PE

T11 Hoeing (2) - 20 & 40 DAS

T12 Weedy check -

Observations: Blackgram

i. Weed population and dry matter at 40 DAS ii. Growth parameters (height, dry matter, lead area, nodulation) iii. Yield attributes and yield iv. Phyto-toxicity on crop

Follow up crop i. Growth parameters (plant population, plant height, dry matter) ii. Seed yield iii. Visual phytotoxicity on crop at 15, 30 DAS

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WS 3.5: Integrated Weed management in cotton Objectives:

1. To study the bio-efficacy of combination of herbicides against complex weed flora and their effect on growth and yield of cotton.

2. To study the phytotoxic effects on the crop, if any

Cooperating centres: Hyderabad, Parbhani, Anand, Dharwad, Bengaluru, Hisar, Ludhiana, Coimbatore and Akola

Herbicides Dose (g/ha) Time of application

T1 Pendimethalin fb 2 HW 1000 PRE fb 20 &50 DAS

T2 Pendimethalin fb pyrithiobac-sodium

1000 fb 62.5 PRE fb 20 DAS

T3 Pendimethalin fb pyrithiobac-sodium + quizalofop- p- ethyl

1000 fb 62.5 + 50

PRE fb 20 DAS

T4 Pyrithiobac-sodium + quizalofop- p -ethyl

62.5 + 50

20 DAS

T5 Pyrithiobac-sodium + quizalofop- p- ethyl fb manual weeding

62.5 + 50

20 fb 50 DAS

T6 Pyrithiobac -sodium + quizalofop –p- ethyl fb directed spray of paraquat

62.5 + 50 fb 600

20 fb 60 DAS

T7 Pyrithiobac-sodium + quizalofop –p- ethyl fb directed spray of glyphosate

62.5 + 50 fb 2000

20 fb 60 DAS

T8 Pendimethalin fb glyphosate directed spray

1000 fb 2000 PRE fb 45 DAS

T9 Mechanical weeding (3) 20, 40, 60 DAS

T10 Weedycheck

Spray volume: 500 L/ha Design: RBD Replications: 3 Observations:

Weed density & dry weight at 90 DAS and harvest

Weed control efficiency (%) at 90 DAS and harvest

Nutrient loss due to weeds (kg/ha uptake)

Seed cotton yield & yield attributes of cotton Per cent phyto-toxicity on crop

Note: 1-2 additional or alternative treatments may be included in an experiment based on the local/specific conditions, without changing the basic structure of the experiment WS 3.6 Weed management in conservation agriculture systems (i) Rice-based cropping system Objectives:

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To monitor weed dynamics, crop productivity and herbicide residues under long-term tillage and residue management practices

To evaluate the effect on crop productivity and resource-use efficiency

To study C-sequestration, and changes in physico-chemical and biological properties of soil

Cooperating centres: Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Kanpur, Faizabad, Pusa, Sriniketan, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Coimbatore, Thrissur, Hisar, Bhubaneswar, Raipur and Dapoli A. Tillage and residue management (main plot)

Treatment Kharif (Rice) *Rabi (Wheat , mustard /

chickpea, winter maize)

*Summer (Greengram, cowpea,

green manure)

1 CT (Transplanted) CT -

2 CT (Transplanted) ZT ZT

3 CT (Direct -seeded) CT ZT

4 ZT (Direct -seeded) ZT+R ZT

5 ZT(Direct -seeded) + R ZT + R ZT

*Specific crops may be chosen as per the prevailing system in the region B. Weed management (sub plot)

1. Recommended herbicides 2. Integrated weed management (herbicide + hand weeding) 3. Unweeded

Design: Split/Strip plot Replications: 3 Plot size: 20 x 10 m = 200 m2

(ii) Non-rice based cropping systems Maize-wheat / chickpea / mustard / peas Cooperating centres: Palampur and Ranchi Pearl-millet – chickpea / mustard Cooperating centres: Parbhani, Dharwad, Anand, Gwalior and Bikaner

Treatment Kharif Rabi *Summer (Greengram,

cowpea, green manure)

1 CT CT -

2 CT ZT ZT

3 ZT ZT ZT

4 ZT ZT+ R ZT

5 ZT + R ZT + R ZT

*Specific crops may be chosen as per the prevailing system in the region

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Weed management 1. Recommended herbicides 2. Integrated weed management (herbicide + hand weeding) 3. Unweeded

Design: Strip plot Replications: 3 Plot size: 20 x 10 m = 200 m2 *Legumes such as soybean, greengram, mothbean, cowpea etc. depending upon location CT – Conventional tillage (3-4 harrowings / cultivations followed by planking ZT – No tillage, opening a slice for placing seed / fertilizer leaving inter-row areas undisturbed R – Crop residues – all residues produced to be retained in situ on soil surface Methodology:

1. A field area of about 1.0 acre should be selected having sufficient buffer area around. The area should be representative, well-levelled and uniform in soil fertility. It is preferred that laser-levelling should be done initially, followed by uniformity trial.

2. It is not possible to implement all the treatments in the first season, but layout plan should be made in the first season itself considering all the treatments to be followed in both the seasons

3. Long-narrow strips (equal to the number of treatments), each of about 200 m2 should be made. Width of the strip should so fixed to allow minimum of 3 passes of tractor (2.8 x 3 m).

4. Blocking / randomization can be compromised in such experiments to some extent. There may not be need to mark different blocks or separate replications as in systematic field experiments. Restricted randomization of treatments in different strips can be done considering practical feasibility for passage of tractor and application of treatments.

5. Three-four samples (15-20 m2) can be taken from each strip randomly for recording yield data to serve as replications for the purpose of statistical analysis.

6. Layout should be fixed and carefully planned initially. Permanent water channels and bunds are to be maintained so that there is no shifting of soil, water, nutrients, weed seeds from one strip to another.

7. Sowing / basal fertilization should be done by tractor-drawn seed-cum-fertilizer drill. Top-dressing of N should be done through placement close to the crop rows.

8. Recommended herbicides should be used for weed control – including pre-sowing application of non-selective herbicides like glyphosate; followed by pre-emergence and/or post-emergence application of crop-specific herbicides.

9. Most field operations including ploughing, sowing and harvesting should be done through tractor-drawn implements. Happy seeder may be used for sowing in residue plots.

10. Recommended package of practices including recent / popular varieties of crops should be followed. Doses of nutrients to be applied through fertilizer and organics, quantity of residue inputs to be specified.

11. Since the retention of residues (as mulch) will help in moisture conservation, the differential irrigation is to be followed compared to unmulched (no retention of residues) plots otherwise the beneficial effect in term of water use efficiency will be shelved. Depth and frequency of irrigation to be noted to reflect the resource use efficiency)

16

12. All crop residues should be retained in the respective treatments. In combine harvest plots, residues may be evenly distributed over the plot area before / after sowing.

13. A provision should be kept to undertake component trial on other treatments in due course.

Essential observations:

i. Weed emergence - population (species-wise) and dry matter accumulation (category-wise – sedge, grasses, BLW, total) at 30, 60 DAS/T and harvest and base year observations.

ii. Crop growth parameters (plant height, dry matter production and no. of effective tillers,) at 30, 60 DAS/T, and at harvest and yield (grain and straw) at harvest

iii. Continuous monitoring of shift in weed species as compared to base year iv. Weed seed bank studies (The germination of the weed seeds in soil

samples collected after harvesting of the previous crop will be recorded in petri-pots in both rabi and kharif seasons).

v. Energetics and economics of tillage and weed management practices vi. C-sequestration, physico-chemical and biological properties of soil– initial

and after end of each cycle vii. Monitoring of herbicide residues viii. Effect on soil micro-flora (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) due to tillage

and weed management practices ix. Instead of estimating microbial populations only estimation of beneficial

microorganisms such as:

Total free nitrogen fixers

Total P- solubilizing Microorganisms

Per cent root colonization by AM fungi at 50 DAS

Soil microbial activity

Microbial biomass carbon

Soil respiration/Urease activity

Soil Dehydrogenase activity

Soil phosphatase activity In legume crops:

Observation on nodule number and nodule dry weight to be recorded at 50 DAS

WS 3.7: Long-term herbicide trial in different cropping systems Cooperating centres: All centres (Except Pantnagar and Bhubaneswar)

The modifications requested by Hyderabad, Jorhat and Bikaner in respect to this trial will be effective from 2014

Treatments: Same as previous year being followed by individual centres Design: RBD Replications: 3 Essential observations for long-term herbicide experiments

i. Weed emergence - population (species wise) and dry matter (category-wise – sedge, grass, BLW, total) at 30, 60 DAT & harvest and base year observations.

ii. Crop growth parameters (plant height, dry Matter production and no. of effective tillers,) at 30, 60 DAT & harvest and yield (grain & straw) at harvest

iii. Shift in weed species as compared to base year

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iv. Weed seed bank studies (The germination of the weed seeds in soil samples collected after harvesting of the previous crop will be recorded in petri-pots in both rabi and kharif seasons).

v. Economics of different herbicide treatments vi. Physico-chemical and biological properties of soil vii. Herbicide residues in soil and food chain (grain and straw) viii. Soil microbial studies

Instead of estimating microbial populations only estimation of beneficial microorganisms such as:

Total free nitrogen fixers

Total P- solubilizing Microorganisms

Per cent root colonization by AM fungi at 50 DAS

Soil microbial activity

Microbial biomass carbon

Soil respiration/Urease activity

Soil Dehydrogenase activity

Soil phosphatase activity Modification in technical programme proposed by ANGRAU, Hyderabad

Cooperating centre: Hyderabad

Treatments

Rice Maize

1. Pretilachlor @ 750 g/ha as PE at 3-5 DATfb HW at 25-30 DAT

Atrazine 1000 g + paraquat @600g /ha as PE

2. Bispyribac sodium as PoE at 20-25 DAT @ 25 g/ha fb HW at 40-45 DAT

Oxyfluorfen 150 g/ha + paraquat @.600 g/ha as PE

3. Pretilachlor fb ethoxysulfuron @750/18.75 at 25 DAT (3-4 leaf stage)

Atrazine EPoE @1000 g/ha at 15-20 DAS

4. Farmers practice (20, 40 DAT HW) Farmers practice(HW at 20, 40 DAS)

5. Unweeded check Unweeded check

Design: RBD Replications:3 Plot size: 50 (10 X 5) m2 Essential observations for long-term herbicide experiments: As mentioned earlier Modification in technical programme proposed by SKRAU, Bikaner Cooperating centre: Bikaner

Cluster bean Wheat

1. Pendimethalin 750 g/ha pre-em(C ) Metsulfuron –methyl at 4 g/ha(C)

2. Imezathpyr at 40 g/ha PO(C) Sulfosulfuron at 25 g/ha(C)

3. Imezathpyr+imazamox 40 g/ha PO(C) Clodinafop at 60 g/ha+ metsulfuron 4 g/ha(C)

4. Imezathpyr + pendimethalin at 800 g/ha Pre–em.

Clodinafop at 60 g/ha(C)

5. Imezathpyr+imazamox/pendimethalin ( R) Sulfosulfuron /clodinifop ( R)

6. Hand hoeing (2) Hand weeding at 25 DAS

7. weedy check weedy check

C- continuous; R- rotational use of herbicides Design :RBD Replication : 4 Plot Size: 10.0 m x 6.0 m (60 m2)

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Essential observations for long-term herbicide experiments: As mentioned earlier WS 3.8: Station trials based on location-specific problems WS 3.8.1: Management of weeds in rows and within rows through pre-

emergence herbicide and motorized weeder in direct seeded rice Centre: Raipur Technical details:

Sr. No.

Treatments Dose, g/ha Time of application,

DAS

1 Seed treated with charcoal + azospirillum + pretilachlor 5 g/kg + 200* Pre-emergence

2 Seed treated with charcoal + pretilachlor 10 g/kg + 200 Pre-emergence

3 Seed treated with pretilachlor 200.0 Pre-emergence

4 Seed treated with charcoal + azospirillum + pyrazosulfuron

5 g/kg + 5.0 Pre-emergence

5 Seed treated with charcoal + pyrazosulfuron 10 g/kg + 5.0 Pre-emergence

6 Seed treated with pyrazosulfuron 5.0 Pre-emergence

7 Seed treated with charcoal + azospirillum + oxadiargyl 5 g/kg + 15.0 Pre-emergence

8 Seed treated with charcoal + + oxadiargyl 10 g/kg + 15.0 Pre-emergence

9 Seed treated with oxadiargyl 15.0 Pre-emergence

10 Seed treated with charcoal + azospirillum + pendimethalin extra

5 g/kg + 200.0 Pre-emergence

11 Seed treated with charcoal + pendimethalin extra 10 g/kg + 200.0 Pre-emergence

12 Seed treated with pendimethalin extra 200.0 Pre-emergence

13 only row weeding twice 20 & 35

14 weeding Only within rows twice 20 & 35

15 Hand weeding (2) 20 & 35

16 Unweeded Control

* 1/5th of recommended dose/ha Design: RBD Replications: 03 WS 3.8.2: Weed management in beetroot Centre: Hyderabad

Treatments Dose Time of application

1. Pendimethalin fb hand weeding 580 g/ha 0-3 fb 30 DAS

2. Oxyflourfen fb hand weeding 150 g/ha 0-3 fb 30 DAS

3. Alachlor fb hand weeding 1000 g/ha 0-3 fb 30 DAS

4. Oxadiargyl fb hand weeding 75 g/ha 0-3 fb 30 DAS

5. Metribuzin fb hand weeding 500 g/ha 0-3 fb 30 DAS

6. Pendimethalin fb Quizalofop- p- ethyl 580 fb 50 g/ha 0-3 fb 25 DAS

7. Oxyflourfen fb Quizalofop- p- ethyl 150 fb 50 g/ha 0-3 fb 25 DAS

8. Alachlor fb Quizalofop- p- ethyl 1000 fb 50 g/ha 0-3 fb 25 DAS

9. Oxadiargyl fb Quizalofop- p- ethyl 75 fb 50 g/ha 0-3 fb 25 DAS

10. Metribuzin 500 fb 50 g/ha 0-3 fb 25 DAS

11. Hand weeding (2) - 20, 40 DAS

12. Unweeded check - -

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WS 3.8.3: Weed control in carrot Centre: Ranchi


1. Carfentrazone 0.030 kg/ha Pre- plant burn down

2. Glyphosate 0.5 kg/ha Pre- plant burn down

3. Paraquat 1.0 kg/ha Pre- plant burn down

4. Pendimethalin 0.95 kg/ha 0-2 DAP

5. oxyfuorfen 0.05 kg/ha 0-2 DAP

6. Weedy Check

Design: RBD; Replication: 3 WS 3.8.4: Weed management in egg plant Centre: Ranchi


1. Carfentrazone 0.030 kg/ha 4 days before planting

2. Glyphosate 1.0 kg/ha Pre- plant burn down

3. Paraquat 0.5-1.0 kg/ha Pre- plant burn down

4. Carfentrazone 0.31kg/ha Post emergence (between rows)

5. Pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha 4 days before planting

6. Weedy Check

Design: RBD Replication: 3 WS 3.8.5: Pre-emergence herbicides for pineapple Centre: Thrissur

Herbicide Dose

1 Diuron 0.5kg/ha

2 Diuron 1kg/ha

3 Diuron 2kg/ha

4 Diuron 3kg/ha

5 Pendimethalin 1kg/ha

6 Pendimethalin 1.5kg/ha

7 Pendimethalin 2kg/ha

8 Oxyflourfen 0.2kg/ha



11 Hand weeding ---------

12 Unweeded Control ---------

Design: RBD Replication: 3

WS 3.8.6: Evaluation of tembotrione at different doses and times for post emergence weed control in maize Centre: Palampur Treatments:

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Treatment Dose (g/ha) Time of application

1. Tembotrione 100 20DAS






7. Tembotrione+s 125 20DAS

8. Tembotrione+s 150 20DAS

9. Atrazine fb atrazine 1500 fb 750 0-3 fb 20 DAS

10. Atrazine + pendimethalin 1000 + 1000 0-3 DAS

11. Manual weeding (3) - 20, 40 and 60 DAS

12. Weedy check

Plot Size: 15-20 m2 Replications: Three Design: RBD WS 3.8.7: Control of complex weed flora in Brown Sarson with the extracts of Centre (Volunteer): SKUAST-Kashmir

1. Rice straw 2. Red clover 3. Utrica urens 4. Chenopodium album 5. Amaranthus viridis

Methodology: Straw of Rice, Red clover, Utrica urens, Chenopodum album, Amarantheus viridis will be soaked in water for 24 to 36 hr by soaking 1 kg of straw in 5 lt of water and will be applied at 100%concentrations at 30days after sowing and in the first fortnight of march, these treatments will be compared with farmers practice. WS 3.8.8: Management of Mikania micrantha: a problematic weed in banana

Centre: Bhubaneswar


I. Oxyfluorfen

(0.05 kg /ha) PE.

II. Neemcake fb oxyfluorfen

200 kg/ha fb 0.05 kg/ha

At sowing fb PE

III. Oxyfluorfen fb paraquat 0.05 fb 0.25 kg/ha PE fb 50 DAP as directed spray

IV. Glyphosate 5 l/ha 50 DAP as directed spray

V. Manual weeding (3) 30,60,90 and 120 DAP

VI. Weedy check

Design: RBD Replication: 4

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WS 3.8.9: Weed management in Jute

Centre: Bhubaneswar


1. 2,4-D+ butachlor 1.0 + 1.0 kg/ha As stale seed bed (7 days before sowing

2. Glyphosate + 2,4-D 2.0 +1.0 kg/ha As stale seed bed (7 days before sowing

3. Pretilachlor + paraquat 1.0 +0.5 kg/ha As stale seed bed (7 days before sowing

4. Paraquat 0.5 kg/ha As stale seed bed (7 days before sowing

5. Glyphosate + pyrazosulfuron ethyl

2.0 + 0.09 kg/ha

As stale seed bed (7 days before sowing

6. Quizalofop ethyl 0.05 kg/ha 21 DAS

7. Framers‟ practice (2 HW) 20 and 40 DAS

8. Un-weeded control

Design: RBD Replication: 4 WS 3.8.10: Effect of different herbicide combination on weed and yield of maize Centre (Volunteer): Meerut

S.N.


1. Alachlor 0.5 kg /ha Pre- emergence

2. Atrazin 1.0 kg/ha Pre- emergence

3. Pendimethalin 1.0 Kg /ha Pre- emergence

4. Metribuzin 0.35 kg./ha Pre- emergence

5. Alachlor + metribuzin 0.75+0.175 kg/ha Pre- emergence

6. Atrazin + pendimethalin 0.50+0.50 kg/ha Pre- emergence

7. Alachlor 1.0 kg/ha 15 DAS

8. Metribuzin 0.25 kg/ha 15 DAS

9. Atrazin + 2,4-D 0.50+0.50 kg/ha 30 DAS

10. Green manuring fb 2,4-D 0.625 kg/ha) 30 DAS

11. Hand weeding (2) 20 and 40 DAS

12. Weedy check

Replication: 03 Design: RBD Observations:

1. Germination plant population 2. Weed density (species composition and number/sq. meter) 3. Weed dry weight/sq. meter 4. Yield attributes 5. Grain yield 6. Weed control efficiency 7. Economics of treatments

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WS 3.8.11: Effect of Fertility levels and herbicides on the weed and yield of wheat Centre (Volunteer): Meerut Treatments :

Fertility Levels Herbicides

I. 75 % NPK II. 100% NPK

III. 125% NPK

I. Clodinafop 60 g a i/ha post emergence II. Sulfosulfuron 25 g a i/ha post emergence

III. Clodinafop + 2,4 D( 60 + 500 g a i/ha ) post-emergence

IV. Sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron methyl ( 25 + 4 g a i/ha ) post emergence

V. Two hand weeding VI. Weedy check

Design: Split-plot Replication: 03 Observations:

1. Plant population 2. Weed density (species composition and number/sq. meter) 3. Weed dry weight/sq. meter 4. Yield attributes 5. Grain yield 6. Weed control efficiency 7. Economics of treatments

WS 3.8.12: Evaluation of wheat cultivars for their weed suppressing ability

under different weed management practices Centre: Pantnagar

Varieties Management practices

V1- UP 2584 V2- UP 2748 V3- DBW 17 V4- WH1105

W1- Weedy check W2- 2 hand weeding W3- Clodinafop+metsulfuron methyl (optimum dose) W4- Clodinafop+metsulfuron methyl (75% dose

Design: Strip plot design Replication: 3 Plot size: 20 m2 Observations:

1. Plant population 2. Weed density (species composition and number/sq. meter) 3. Weed dry weight/sq. meter 4. Yield attributes 5. Grain yield 6. Weed control efficiency 7. Economics of treat

WS 3.8.13: Developing weed management strategy for direct (dry) seeded

rice under different planting geometry Centre: Pantnagar

23

Planting geometry Weed control measures

P1 –Row to Row 20cm X Plant to plant regular sowing

P2- Row to Row 20cm x 25cm P3- Row to Row 25cm x 25cm

W1-Pendimethalin 1.0Kg/ha (pre) fb H. weeding (30DAS)

W2-Penoxulam 22.5g/ha at 20DAS fb H.weeding (45DAS)

W3-Pendimethalin 1.0 Kg/ha (pre) fb. Penoxulam 22.5g/ha at 20DAS fb H. weeding (45DAS)

W4-Weedy check

Plot size – 3m x 4m Replication – 4 Design: Factorial RBD / Single split plot design WS 3.8.14: Weed management in direct seeded finger millet Centre: Bengaluru Treatments:


T1: Butachlor 750 gi/ha 3 DAS

T2: Oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha 3 DAS

T3:Oxadiargyl 80 g/ha 3 DAS

T4:Isoproturon 562 g/ha 3 DAS

T5: Pendimethalin 750 g/ha 3 DAS

T6:Bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor 60 + 600 g/ha 3 DAS

T7: Butachlor fb bispyribac sodium 750 fb 25 g /ha 3 DAS fb 30 DAS

T8: Oxyfluorfen fb bispyribac sodium 80 fb 25 g/ha 3 DAS fb 25 DAS

T9:Oxadiargyl fb bispyribac sodium 80 fb 25 g/ha 3 DAS fb 25 DAS

T10:Isoproturon fb bispyribac sodium 562 fb 25 g/ha 3 DAS fb 25 DAS

T11: Pendimethalin fb bispyribac sodium 750 fb 25 g/ha 3 DAS fb 25 DAS

T12: Bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor fb bispyribac sodium

60 + 600 g/ha fb 25 g/ha

3 DAS fb 25 DAS

T13: Hand weeding (2) - 20 & 40 DAS

T 14. Unweeded control

Design : RCBD, Replication : 3 WS 3.8.15: Weed management in mulberry Centre: Bengaluru


1. Pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha 3 days after pruning ( DAP)

2. Butachlor 1.50 kg/ha 3 DAP

3. Metribuzin 0.5 kg/ha 3 DAP

4. Metribuzin 0.7 kg/ha 3 DAP

5. Isoproturon 1.0 kg/ha 3 DAP

6. Isoproturon 1.25 kg/ha 3 DAP

7. Glyphosate 8ml /litre + 20g urea + 2 drops of lime juice

15- 20 DAP

24

8. Quizalofop-p-ethyl 50 g/ha 20 DAP

9. Hand weeding (Farmers practice)

20, 40 & 60 DAP

10. Unweeded Control

Design : RCBD, Replication : 3 WS 3.8.16: IWM in soybean

Centre: Akola

Objectives:

To study the relative performance of herbicides for control of weed in soybean.

To study the effect of herbicides on the growth and yield of soybean.

To study the effect of herbicides on weeds dynamics and

To study the economics of weed control treatments.

Methodology:

Crop Soybean Design Randomized Block Design

Variety JS-335 Replications Three

Plot size

Gross – 4.5 m x 5.0 m

Net - 3.6 X 4.5 m Treatments Twelve

Spacing 45 x 5 cm Date of Sowing

Fertilizer 30:75:00 kg N:P2O5:K2O per ha

Date of harvesting

Treatment details:

T1: Weedy check. T2: 1 Hoeing 15 DAS fb 1 Hand weeding. T3: Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha PE T4: Quizalofop ethyl @ 0.075 kg a.i./ha PoE 15 DAS. T5: Imazethapyr @ 0.100 kg a.i./ha PoE 15 DAS. T6: Imazethapyr @ 0.100 kg a.i./ha PoE fb Quizalofop ethyl @ 0.075 Kg

a.i/ha PoE 15 DAS. T7: Imazethapyr @ 0.100 kg a.i./ha PoE + Quizalofop ethyl @ 0.075 Kg

a.i/ha PoE 15 DAS (Tank mix). T8: Imazethapyr + Imazamox (premix )@ 0.070 kg a.i./ha PoE 15 DAS. T9: Chlorimuron ethyl @ 0.010 kg a.i./ha PoE 15 DAS. T10: Fluazifop-p-butyl @ 0.125 kg a.i /ha PoE 15 DAS. T11: Fluazifop-p-butyl @0.125kg a.i/ha PoE fb Chlorimuron ethyl @ 0.010 kg

a.i/ha PoE 15 DAS. T12: Propaquizafop @ 0.1kg a.i/ha PoE15 DAS.

WS 3.8.17: Effect of weed management on growth and seed yield of Sesbania aculaeta

Centre: Puducherry (Karaikal)

Treatments

T1 Pendimethalin 0.25 kg/ha




25

T5 One hand weeding @15 DAS

T6 Two hand weeding @ 15 and 30 DAS

T7 Unweeded control

Season: Jan 2015 to May 2015 Design: RBD Spray volume: 500 L/ha Replications: 3 Observations:

Weed population and dry matter at 60 DAS

Crop growth parameters

Yield attributes and seed yield

Phytotoxicity on crop

Economics analysis

WS 3.8.18: Effect of allelopathic plant products on seed germination and seedling length of Parthenium hysterophorus

Centre: Puducherry (Karaikal)

Treatments Concentration (%)

T1 Eucalyptus fresh leaf leachate 10

T2 Eucalyptus fresh leaf leachate 20

T3 Eucalyptus oil 0.5

T4 Eucalyptus oil 1.0

T5 Tamarind fresh leaf leachate 10

T6 Tamarind fresh leaf leachate 20

T7 Control (distilled water ) -

Season: June 2014- September 2015 Observations:

Germination %

Root length (cm)

Shoot length (cm)

Seedling length (cm)

Plant biomass (g)

*Experiment will be conducted under laboratory condition

WS 4. Management of problematic weeds WS 4.1a: Management of Orobanche in mustard and solanaceous crops Crop: Mustard Cooperating Centres: Hisar, Bikaner and Gwalior Treatments

1. Glyphosate at 25 and 50 g/ha at 25-30DAS & 55 DAS (Recommended Practice)

2. 125% of recommended fertility(N&P)+ glyphosate with 1% solution of NH4SO4 at 25 and 50 g/ha at 25-30DAS & 55 DAS

3. Neem cake 400 kg/ha at sowing fb soil drenching of metalaxyl MZ 0.2% at 25 DAS fb glyphosate at 40 g/ha at 45 DAS

4. Neem cake 400 kg/ha fb pendimethalin (PPI) at 0.75 kg/ha fb metalaxyl 0.2% at 25 DAS

26

5. Neem cake 400 kg/ha fb soil drenching of metalaxyl MZ at 0.2% at 25 DAS

6. Weedy Check Please Note

A. Neem cake should be procured by the respective centres and no arrangement will be made by the HQ

B. Glyphosate should be applied in a solution of 1% solution of NH4SO4 for

increased efficiency C. Mustard should not be under water stress during application and should be

irrigated atleast two days prior to application or two Observations to be taken

• Numbers of Orobanche shoots emerged at 60, 90, 120 DAS and at harvest.

• Visual phyto-toxicity (%) on mustard (on 0-100 scale). • Mustard yield

Crops: Tomato and brinjal Cooperating centres: Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar, Hyderabad and Hisar Treatments

1. Neem cake 200 kg/ha at sowing fb pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha as pre-em, 3 DAP fb soil drenching of metalaxyl MZ 0.2 % at 20DAT

2. Neem cake 200 kg/ha at sowing fb metribuzin 0.5 kg/ha pre-em, 3 DAP fb soil drenching of metalaxyl MZ 0.2% at 20DAT

3. Neem cake 200 kg/ha at sowing fb soil drenching of metalaxyl MZ 0.2% at 20 DAT

4. Ethoxysulfuron 25 and 50 g/ha as PRE and at 45 DAT 5. Sulfosulfuron 25 and 50 g/ha at 25 and 45 DAT 6. Weedy check

Observations to be taken

• Numbers of Orobanche shoots emerged at 60, 90, 120 DAT and at harvest.

• Visual phyto-toxicity (%) on tomato crops (on 0-100 scale). • Tomato yield Note: 1-2 additional or alternative treatments may be included in an experiment based on the local/specific conditions, without changing the basic structure of the experiment

Orobanche on Tobacco Cooperating centre: Coimbatore, Anand, Faizabad and Pusa Treatments

1. Neem cake 200 kg/ha at sowing fb soil drenching of metalaxyl MZ 02.% at 20 DAP

2. Imazethapyr 30 g/ha at 40 DAP 3. Glyphosate 0.2 g/L at 20 DAP 4. Soil drenching of metalaxyl MZ 0.2% at 20 DAP 5. Weedy check

27

Observations to be recorded

• Numbers of Orobanche shoots emerged at 60, 90 DAT and at harvest. • Visual phyto-toxicity (%) on tobacco and Tobacco yield

WS 4.1b: Management of Cuscuta

Crop: Berseeem

Cooperating centres: Ranchi and Ludhiana

Treatments

1. Imazethapyr 75 g/ha as PPI 2. Stale seedbed fb Imazethapyr 75 g/ha as PPI 3. Seed treatment fb foliar spray with metalaxyl MZ 0.2 % on 20DAS 4. Weedy check

Crop: Niger

Cooperating centres: Bhubaneswar and Parbhani

Treatments

1. Pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha – pre-em 2. Stale seedbed fb pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha – pre-em 3. Imazethapyr 75 g/ha as PPI 4. Seed treatment fb foliar spray with metalaxyl MZ 0.2 % 5. Weedy check

Observations to be recorded

• Number and length of Cuscuta twines at 30, 60 DAS • Phytotoxicity and yield of main crops

Cuscuta on Lucerne

Cooperating centres: Bikaner and Anand Treatments

1. Butachlor 1.5 kg/ha pre-em fb folia spray of metalaxyl MZ 0.2% on 20 DAS 2. Imezathpyr at 40g/ha at 20-25 DAS 3. Pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha, pre-em (as sand-mix) 4. Foliar spray metalaxyl MZ 0.2% on 20 DAS 5. Weedy check

Observations to be recorded:

• Number and length of Cuscuta twines at 30, 45, 60 DAS • Phytotoxicity and yield of leucerne

Crop: Onion Cooperating centres: Dharwad and Bengaluru Treatments

1. Oxyflourfen 23.5 EC 0.12 kg a.i. /ha 2. Butachlor 1.5 kg/ha pre-em fb foliar spray of metalaxyl MZ 0.2% on 20

DAS 3. Stale seedbed fb pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha – pre-em. 4. Imazethapyr 100 g/ha as post-em, 20 DAS

28

5. Weedy check Observations to be recorded

• Number and length of Cuscuta twines at 30, 45 and 60 DAS • Phytotoxicity and yield of onion

WS 4.1c: Intensive Survey on the incidence of Orobanche/Striga/Cuscuta/Loranthus Cooperating centre: All centres working on parasitic weeds Data shall be collected as per the supplied format Annexure-II. WS 4.1d: Management of Striga in sugarcane Cooperating centre: Coimbatore, Dharwad and Hyderabad (Experiments should be conducted under FLD’s trials) Treatments

• Atrazine as pre-em 1.0 kg/ha 3 DAP+ HW on 45 DAP fb earthing-up on 60 DAP fb post-em spraying of 2,4-D sodium salt 5 g/l + urea 20 g/l on 90 DAP fb trash mulching @ 5 t/ha on 120 DAP (as standard check)

• 2,4-D 1.0 kg at 45 DAP Observations to be recoded

• Number of Striga shoots at 60, 120, 180, 240 DAP • Sugar cane yield

WS 4.1e: Management of Loranthus Cooperating centre: Thrissur, Bengaluru and Palampur (Experiments should be conducted under FLD’s trials) Treatments

1. Cotton padding of 4 g copper sulphate + 0.5 g 2,4-D sodium salt 80% WP, 2. Directed spray of paraquat 24 SL 0.5% 3. Directed spray of glyphosate 71% WP 1% solution

WS 4.1f: Nutrient analysis of Loranthaceae species both host and parasite

Objectives: Analysis of NPK and micronutrient content of the Loranthaceae members and their host.

Cooperative Centres: Thrissur (Experiments should be conducted under Station trial)

Sl.No. Parasite Host

1 Taxillus spp. gooseberry

2 Scurulla sp. fruit trees

3 Helicanthus sp. cashew, mango and curry leaf

4 Dendrophthoe spp mango and curry leaf

29

WS 4.2: Making of Parthenium free campus

Cooperating centers: All AICRP-WC centers except Thrissur will do the programme Parthenium infested area.

It has been decided that instead of making demonstration trial on Parthenium management through Z. bicolorata and Cassia tora, it will be better if each center make it sure that their campus remain Parthenium free as has been done by DWSR at Jabalpur. It will improve the visibility of the AICRPWC in the concerned university where they exists as well as it will be great contribution of AICRPWC towards social cause. In this venture, following programme may be followed:

1. In large Parthenium infested area in the campus, spray of herbicides (glyphosate, 2,4-D metribuzin as per the requirement) on emerging Parthenium seedlings after pre-monsoon rains when Parthenium germinates.

2. Collection of Zygogramma bicolorata from other established sites and their release on the sprayed site after 15-30 days of spray. It will help to establish beetle on new emerging seedlings of Parthenium.

3. Uprooting of Parthenium during rainy season, first from road side and community land of the campus and after that from crop fields involving agricultural students, NSS, NCC students in general and other faculty particularly during „Parthenium Awareness Week‟.

4. Regular watch of campus for new emergence and their time to time uprooting during rainy season before flowering.

5. Spot herbicide treatment of scattered Parthenium plants at regular interval in the campus during summer and winter season.

Note: It is hoped that during first year, more concentrated efforts will be required but subsequently regular uprooting, spraying and careful monitoring of the campus will serve the purpose to make the campus Parthenium free. It is expected that by third year beginning, every AICRPWC will put a Board of “Parthenium Free Campus‟ at prominent place of entrance gate of University. The progress of this demonstration will be presented and monitored during Annual Review meeting.

WS 4.3: Biological control of water hyacinth by Neochetina bruchi Cooperating centers : All except Pantnagar (No problem), and Kerala and Bengaluru as in these places, Neochetina is found in every water body. Observations:

i. Select at least two perennial ponds or lakes infested with water hyacinth in your Jurisdiction

ii. Take water hyacinth density by three random samples of 1m2 each from the site.

iii. Release 500 adult beetles at on site distributing evenly on the entire site.

iv. Observe population build-up of the bio-agent from the same pond by taking 10 plants at quarterly basis byplucking 25 leaves randomly representing whole aquatic body on quarterly basis and count the feeding scars on each leaf and average it.

v. Note dieback symptoms on water hyacinth plants on 0-4 scale, (0 – no attack, 1 – negligible, 2 – 25%, 3 – 50%, 4 – 75%, 5 – complete dry up of whole plant).

vi. Observe the clear water appearance on the basis of percent taking into account whole aquatic body for example, 25 to 100%.

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vii. After clearance of water observe further re-emergence of the water hyacinth in the same pond and follow the procedure.

Note :

i) Those centers which are not having established sites with the bio-agent, they may indent for bio-agent in advance to DWSR to receive the culture.

ii) It is advised to take the photograph of the aquatic body keeping any permanent mark in the picture before release of the bio-agent and in due course, the picture should be taken from that angle only to see the impact of bio-agent on long term basis.

viii. The water bodies which are likely to dry during summer season should not be selected because in such sites water hyacinth plants will anchor on the soil which will kill the bio-agent inside. Those sites should also not be selected which are likely to get inundated during rainy season as all the such water hyacinth along with bio-agent will wash away with the flood.

WS 5. Herbicide residues and environmental quality WS 5.1: Herbicide residues in long-term herbicide trials Objective: To estimate the level of herbicide residue in the soil and crop produce Cooperating Centres: Bhubaneswar, Anand, Jorhat, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Thrissur;

Parbhani, Hisar, Ludhiana, Gwalior, Palampur, Faizabad, Pusa, Coimbatore, Kanpur

Methodology

Soil and plant sample will be collected from long term herbicide trials (WS 3.7)

Collect soil samples at periodic intervals (0 day till harvest i.e. 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and harvest).

Analyze subsamples (at least three replication) made from bulk sample;

Analyze plant samples (grain and straw, at harvest) for residue analysis.

Report any matrix effect, interferences if any.

Follow the standard methodologies for herbicide residue analysis.

Report Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ). (Note: follow the instruction given in the end of this section). WS 5.2: Studies on herbicide persistence in water Cooperating centers: Bhubaneswar, Anand, Jorhat, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Pantnagar,

Thrissur; Parbhani, Hisar, Ludhiana, Gwalior, Palampur, Faizabad, Pusa, Coimbatore, Kanpur

Methodology: Herbicides which are commonly used at farmer‟s fields will be estimated for residues in water

Collect water samples near the agricultural field, viz. pond, well, bore well, canal, river etc. within one week of herbicide spray and after one month to see persistence in water and change in water quality.

Compare residues data under controlled lab conditions.

Report herbicide degradation pattern with/without weeds, etc, if any.

Report Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ).

Follow the standard methodologies for herbicide residue analysis.

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(Note: follow the instruction given in the end of this section). Hyderabad (Pretilachlor and oxadiargyl residues in surface and ground water in rice cultivated areas) Pantnagar (2, 4-D) Bengaluru, Coimbatore (2,4-D, pyrazosulfuron ethyl, butachlor, pretilachlor, pendimethalin, bispyribac sodium) WS 5.3: Testing of persistence of herbicides in the farmers’ field (soil and crop produce) Objectives: To determine herbicide persistence in the farmer‟s field. Cooperating centres: Bhubaneswar, Anand, Jorhat, Hyderabad, Bangaluru, Pantnagar,

Thrissur; Parbhani, Hisar, Ludhiana, Gwalior, Palampur, Faizabad, Pusa, Coimbatore, Kanpur

Methodology: Soil samples from farmers field will be collected at harvest. Samples will be processed for residue analysis by HPLC/GC/LCMS/GCMS. Herbicide residues will be reported, if any. (Note: follow the instruction given in the end of this section). Pantnagar (Wheat = clodinafop propargyl, 2,4-D; Rice= butachlor, anilofos,) Parbhani (Atrazine)

Hyderabad (oxyfluorfen residues in soil and onion bulbs in samples drawn from farmers fields) Bengalore ; Thrissur ; Palampur, Gwalior (soil and crop produce) Ludhiana, Hisar (All the major herbicides which are in applications at farmer‟s field will be estimated for residues in soil, grain and straw). WS 5.4: Studies on metabolites of herbicides Objectives: To determine herbicide metabolites/degradation products in soil, water and plant samples In this activity report only those metabolites found under field condition in various commodities such as soil, water, plant samples etc and identified by LC/MS or GC/MS in long term herbicide trial/on going field experiments.

Cooperating centres: Coimbatore; Palampur Coimbatore: To identify and quantify the metabolites of 2,4-D in different waters WS 5.5: Herbicide residues in conservation agriculture Objectives: To determine herbicide residues in conservation agriculture. Cooperating centre: All centres having residue chemist and where conservation agriculture experiments are being conducted

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(Bhubaneswar, Anand, Jorhat, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Pantnagar, Thrissur; Parbhani, Hisar, Ludhiana, Gwalior, Palampur, Faizabad, Pusa, Coimbatore, Kanpur) Methodology: Soil and plant sample will be collected from conservation agriculture trials (WS 3.6) for residue analysis using same procedure given in WS 5.1. Hyderabad : Atrazine and 2,4-D in maize in samples of conservation agriculture experiment; residues of pretilachlor, bispyribac sodium and azimsulfuron rice; WS 5.6: Herbicide residues in crops and cropping system- (proposed by Hyderabad)

Persistence of pendimethalin, oxyflourfen, alachlor, oxadiargyl and metribuzin residues in soil and beetroot samples” in collaboration with agronomy as network trial

Persistence of pendimethalin, pyrithiobac sodium and quizalofop P ethyl residues in soil and cotton samples” in collaboration with agronomy as network trial

Note: Report following parameters in all WS 5.0 experiments along with report • Season and year • Crop/ variety • Soil type • Nutrient status • Recommended dose NPK • Instrumentation: GC/HPLC/GC-MS/LC-MS • Replications: Three-six • Report LOD • LOQ • Recovery experiment at LOQ and 10 times of LOQ (Example if LOQ is 0.01 µg/g then

recovery should be conducted at 0.01 and 0.1 µg/g). • Give original chromatograms of all samples in all commodities (0 days to harvest) and

standards (LOD to 5 level of calibration standard). • Report any matrix effect, interferences if any. • Follow the standard methodologies for herbicide residue analysis. • Provide chromatogram of all matrix (soil, plants) at all sampling stage along with

standards (LOD and LOQ)

WS 6: On-farm research and impact assessment WS 6.1: On-Farm Research Cooperative centres: All Centres See Annexure-IV OFR trials should be conducted in farmer participatory and research mode after due identification and prioritization of a problem related to weed infestation in cropped / non-cropped areas.

• Emphasis on OFR trials should be on refining a technology under real farming situation based on the research work done in on-station trials.

• A set of promising technologies (2) may be identified and implemented in a scientific manner. Farmer‟s practice and / or unweeded control should be invariably kept as a check treatment for comparison.

• Such OFR trials should be conducted at prominent locations such as road side or near the village / school / Panchayat / market (central point) where

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there is greater visibility. Selection of a prominent location should be given preference.

• Total area of the OFR trials can be 500 m2 area, with each treatment / technology.

• Each centre must conduct 2-3 OFRs in each season (Kharif and Rabi). • Data records on weeds (during season and at the end), crop performance

and economics should be properly maintained. • There need not be replications, and the data on yield can be taken from an

area of 4-5 m2 at 3-4 places in each strip to serve as replications. WS 6.2: Front Line Demonstration (FLD) Cooperative centres: All Centres See Annexure-III and IV • Each centre must conduct 10 FLDs in each season (Kharif and Rabi). • All the 10 FLDs of a given season should be conducted in a specified crop • Area of each FLD should be of 0.5-1 acre. • Each FLD should go to a separate farmer • Effort should be made to include farmers of all categories (big, small and

marginal) to conduct the FLDs. • Only one improved technology should be demonstrated in the FLDs, along

with farmers practice. • Such FLDs should be conducted at prominent locations such as road side

or near the village / school / Panchayat / market (central point) where there is greater visibility. Selection of a prominent location should be given preference over the farmer as such.

• Display boards should be fixed at each site, including the details of technologies, season / year and name of village / farmer/DWSR centre.

• Timings of visits should be so arranged that sufficient time is available for undertaking sowing, treatment application, recording of data and interaction with the farmers.

• There should be one day meet / Sangosthi programme during each season, in which, about 50-60 farmers can be invited.

• FLDs may be conducted in one locality for a period of 2 year only, after which, another area should be selected.

• Data records on weeds (during season and at the end), crop performance and economics should be properly maintained

• Good quality photographs / video clips can be made for important operations / meetings with farmers. Local media person may be invited to show the technologies demonstrated.

• State agriculture department officials may be involved and informed about the work done by the DWSR centre.

• A bulletin / Success Story based on the work done for two years should be brought out .

Observation to be recorded

• Preliminary information / data about the site / village / farmer will be

collected through a appropriate means before starting the programmes. • Details of inputs applied and practices / operations followed during the

cropping season will be recorded. • Data on weed growth (population, dry weight) and yield performance will

be recorded for each FLD. • Yield data will be taken accurately from 3-4 representative sampled areas

of about 15-20 m² .

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• A realistic economic analysis considering the actual costs involved and price of produce will be worked out. An appropriate statistical analysis of the data will also be done.

• Farmers perception / opinion about the technology intervention and its success or otherwise will be given due emphasis.

• Adoption study and Impact analysis of the demonstrated weed management technologies should be done. For that purpose desired interview schedule will be prepare and communicated to all centre in due course of time by headquarter.

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Annexure-I Major Weed Species in different states of India

State Crop lands Non-Crop lands

1 Gujrat Cyperus rotundus Parthenium hysterophorus

Echinochloa crus-galli Eichhornia crassipes

Eragrostis major Typha angustata

Digera arvensis Cassia tora

Trianthema monogyna Saccharum spontaneum

2 MP Phalaris minor Parthenium hysterophorus

Cyperus rotundus Lantana camera

Cynodon dactylon Eichhornia crassipes

Commelina benghalensis Ipomoea

Digera arvensis

3 UK(Plains) Phalaris minor Parthenium hysterophorus

Cyperus rotundus Ageratum coyizoides

Echinochloa spp. Cynodon dactylon

Chenopodium album

Fimbristylis miliacea

(Hills) Oxalis latifolia Lantana camara

Ranunculus arvensis Chromolaena ordorata

Galinsoga parviflora Parthenium hysterophorus

Anagallis arvensis Cynodon dactylon

Medicago denticulata Saccharum spp.

4 Haryana Cyperus rotundus Parthenium hysterophorus

Phalaris minor Cannabis sativa

Echinochloa colona Eichhornia crassipes

Trianthema monogyna Typha latifloia

E. glabrescence

5 Chhattisgarh Echinochloa colona Parthenium hysterophorus

Ischeamum rugosum Cynodon dactylon

Cyperus iria Cassia tora

Cyperus difformis Dactyloctenium aegyptium

Commelina benghalensis

Digitaria sanguinalis

6 Kerala Monochoria vaginalis Cassia tora

Isachne miliacea Ipomoea cairica

Sacciolepis interrupta Mimosa invisa

Fimbristylis miliacea Pennisetum pedicellatum

Ludwigia parviflora Merremia vitifolia

Tithonia diversifolia

7 Bihar Cynodon dactylon Parthenium hysterophorus

Phalaris minor Saccharum spp.

Echinocloa colona Eichhornia crassipes

Cyperus spp. Cannabis sativa

Chenopodium album Croton bonplandianum

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8 Assam Eleusine indica Eichhornia crassipes

Panicum repens Imperata cylindrica

Echinochloa crus-galli Mikania micrantha

Borreria articularis Lursia hexandra

Cynodon dactylon Mimosa diplotricha

9 Maharashtra Parbhani Euphorbia hirta Parthenium hysterophorus

Parthenium hysterophorus

Alternanthera

Celosia agrentea Cassia tora

Bracheria mutica Achyranthus

Acalypha indica Tridex procumbence

Dapoli

Cuscuta reflexa Chromolaena odorata

Ischane globossa Hyptis suveoslens

Mimosa pudica Impatiens balsamina

Leptocloa chinensis Mimosa pudica

Smithia sensitiva Ipomea carnea

10 Punjab Phalaris minor Parthenium hysterophorus

Cyperus rotundus Eichhornia crassipes

Echinochloa colona Cannabis sativa

Dactyloctenium aegyptiace

Digitaria

11 Himachal Pradesh Ageratum conyzoides Ageratum houstonianum

Raphanus Lantana

Commelina Bidens

Avena Parthenium hysterophorus

Echinochloa Erigeron

12 Odisha Trianthema Eichhornia crassipes

Phalaris minor Parthenium hysterophorus

Leptochloa Lantana

Ageratum

Echinochloa

13 Uttar Pradesh (Kanpur)

Avena ludoviciana Calotropis

Ageratum Lantana camara

Trianthema Zizyphus

Coronopus didymus Corchorus

Echinochloa Eichhornia crassipes

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Uttar Pradesh (Faizabad)

Phalaris minor Parthenium hysterophorus

Echinochloa colona Saccharum spontaneum

Cyperus rotundus Cyperus rotundus

Chenopodium album Cynodon dactylon

Cynodon dactylon Eichhornia crassipes

14 West Bengal Cyperus rotundus Parthenium hysterophorus

Digitaria Xanthium strumarium

Trianthema Eichhornia crassipes

Oryza sp. Solanum nigrum

Echinochloa Croton bonplandianum

15 Jharkhand Cyperus iria Parthenium hysterophorus

Ludwigia Cassia tora

Mililotus Hyptis

Panicum

Commelina

16 Tamil Nadu Cynodon dactylon Cynodon dactylon

Cyperus rotundus Parthenium hysterophorus

Trainthema portulacastrum Cyperus rotundus

Digers arvensis Datura metal

Amaranthus viridis Abutilon indicum

17 Jammu & Kashmir Eichinochola crusgalli /E. colonum

Urtica dioica

Rumex spp. Ageratum coinzoides

Phalaris minor Galium spp.

Chenopodium album Sorghum halepense

Trianthema spp. Canabis sativa

18 Hyderabad Cyperus rotundus Parthenium hysterophorus

Scirpus royali (instead of Parthenium hysterophorus)

Alternanthera spp.

Celosia argentia Eichhornia crassipes

Trianthema portulacastrum

Hyptis suoveolence

Echinochloa spp. Lantana camara

19 Rajasthan Chenopodium album/ murale

Verbesina encelioides

Asphodelus tenuifolius Eichhornia crassipes

Avena ludoviciana Parthenium hysterophorus

Euphorbia hirta Aerva tomentosa

Ameranthus viridis/spinosus

Crotalaria buria

Tribulus terrestris

Rumex dentatus

Digera muricata

Cenchrus biflorus

Cynodon dectylon

Cyperus rotundus

20 Karnataka (Dharwad)

Striga (instead of Parthenium

Parthenium hystorophorus

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hystorophorus)

Cyanotis Spp Croton sparciflorus

.Commelina benghalensis

.Alternanthera sessilis

.Alternanthera sessilis Cynodon dactylon

Cynodon dactylon Cassia Spp(sericea & tora)

PAJANCOA&RI, Karaikal

Echinochloa crus-galli

Trianthema portulacastrum

Note: 1. Centres may choose two weeds of cropped and two of non-cropped

situation (most important) for detailed biology and physiology as per methodology given under 2.1a.

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Annexure-II

Survey for incidence of Orobanche/Striga/Cuscuta/Loranthus

in different crops in India

1. Name and address of the farmer : Village Block: Tehsil District

2. Field Record:

Annual rainfall (mm)

Mean Temp. (0C) RH % Variety LAT/LONG & Altitude

Total area of the field

Month Day Night

3. Current year Crop Record

Season Major crop

Minor crop Inter crop if any

Bund crop Crops in adjoining

fields

Soil texture

Type of irrigation

(F l o o d / Sp r i n k l e r /

D r i p ) Kharif

Rabi

Jayad

4. Previous crop record( If available):

In the same field (for the last 5 yrs)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

In the adjoining fields

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

5. Data of Orobanche infestation

No.

Crop First visibility above ground

No of stalks

around a single

host plant

% Infestation in the field

Whether appearing regularly in

the field

% Yield loss

Any other relevant

information Month DAS of host crop

1

2

3

4

5

Please Note: The specimen has to be collected and the species of Orobanche to be identified

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6. Occurrence of other weeds and other diseases/pests

No.

Crop % and time of incidence Any correlation of these factors

with incidence of Orobanche

Flood/ Drought

incidence

Any other information

Major weeds

Diseases Pests Nutritional disorders

1

2

3

4

5

7. Please mention briefly the steps taken by the farmer regarding Orobanche management

Please provide data of soil samples collected from the field - (Soil structure, texture, macro and micro nutrients, organic matter and C/N ratio : Not feasible in all samples

Remarks by the data collector:

Any other relevant information:

(Signature of the data collector with date) Name and Designation

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Annexure-III PART-A

Basic information to be recorded for each FLD

1. Farmer‟s Name :

2. Address :

3. Size of holding a. Irrigated land b. Unirrigated land

: : :

4. Family size :

5. Educational status : Illiterate/Primary school /High School/Graduate

6. Total income a. Agriculture b. Other sources

: :

7. Major cropping pattern followed

:

i.

ii.

iii.

8. Tick major constraints in respect to weed management

1. Lack of awareness about modern weed management technology 2. Lack of technical know how to implement modern weed management technology 3. Unavailability of herbicides/spraying tools/improved mechanical tools etc. 4. Psychological fear about use of Chemicals 5. Intentional choice of using household manpower 6. Any other (specify)

9. Response of farmers to the demonstrated technology Unsatisfied/Partially Satisfied/Fully Satisfied

10. Economic analysis:

Particulars Farmers Practice Demonstrated technology

1. Cost of production (Rs/ha)

2. Yield (q/ha)

3. Net profit (Rs/ha)

4. B:C ratio

PART-B

Over all analysis of FLD data by individual AICRP WC Centre

Year

Season

Name of crop

Name of technology demonstrated

Total number of demonstration

Mean of % increase in yield over FP

Mean B:C ratio

Remarks of PI in respect to overall performance of the demonstrated technology

Brief Summery report (Half page summarised report)

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Annexure-IV General information and guidelines for conducting OFT/FLDs On Farm Trials (OFT) Appropriate technologies are roots of agrarian development. However, any agricultural technology can not perform equally in every micro agro-climate situation. On farm trials (OFT) of weed management technologies are mainly focused to test/evaluate, already developed technologies in terms of location specific and need based sustainable crop and land use system and helpful to solve the most important and widely spread weed problems of farmers in a defined area within their farming system perspective with their active participation and management. The objective of on farm trials is to test and evaluate the finding of research station at the farmers field and to refine and modify the technologies as per particular farming situation. Accordingly, OFTs were formulated by the AICRP-WC centre‟s based on weed problems faced by the farmers and priority of the problems. Economically viable, operationally feasible weed management technologies matching with farmers needs were identified by the AICRP-WC Centre‟s and accordingly OFT has been conducted on this aspect to solve the prevailing weed problems. The findings as reported by the various centers are satisfactory and encouraging. The similar programme will continue during coming year. Front Line Demonstrations (FLD) Improved weed management technologies are in great demand by the farmers. This is because of the acute labour scarcity and high cost of manual weeding throughout the country. Unfortunately, there is not enough awareness among the farmers about improved weed management practices, even in the area not far away from the research institutions. The demonstration (FLD) is a powerful tool for convincing and motivating farmers, to utilized available weed management technologies in scientific manner. In order to popularize and show the performance and profitability of proven weed management technologies among farming community with objective to make them aware and adopt these far enhanced crop productivity, a programme was initiated from kharif 2012 to conduct FLDs by all the DWSR centers through farmers participatory approach. The results as reported by the center are encouraging, but some improvement is needed to make it more scientific and effective. A guideline/format is being proposed in respect to this for uniform conduction of the FLD programme and their impact analysis in future. Special Features The FLDs are different than the normal demonstrations conducted by the extension functionaries. The special features of the front line demonstrations are:

Front Line Demonstrations are conducted under the close supervision of the Scientists

Only newly released proven technologies or those likely to be released in near future are selected for the frontline demonstrations.

Seeing is believing‟ is the basic philosophy of FLD.

Front the demonstrations are organized in a bigger areas involving all those farmers whose fields fall in the identified demonstrations area.

Only critical inputs and training are provided, remaining inputs are supplied by the farmers themselves.

Training of the farmers associated with the front line demonstrations is a pre-requisite for conducting such demonstrations.

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The largest audience of frontline demonstrations are both farmers and the extension officers. The purpose is to be convince extension functionaries and farmers together about the potentialities of technologies for further wise scale diffusion; and

Front line demonstrations are used as a source of generating data on factors contributing higher crop yields and constraints of production under various farming situations.

Steps in conducting field demonstration A well conducted demonstration should help the scientists to give finishing touch to changing attitude of farmers and extension workers and improve their knowledge, understanding and skills. The following steps need to be followed in conducting demonstrations. A. Planning Phase 1. Know the vicinity : The Scientist need to develop and understanding of the farmers., their farming systems, resources and establish rapport with them. It is essential to gather information on cropping systems, present level of use of inputs and productivity of major crops of the area, There are different ways of knowing vicinity.

Some are formal and other informal. A few are as under :

Visiting villages and farms

Collection of information using PRA tools

Meeting people individually and in groups

Meeting opinion leaders

Exchanging information with local extension workers and

Consulting office records of population and basic agriculture 2. Select Technologies: Select only proven technologies which have higher

potentialities and can fit in the existing farming systems and situation of the area/farmers.

3. Select Demonstration site: Avoid isolated farm. Demonstration site be easily accessible for the other farmers and extension workers.. Pay also attention to farm size, layout of the field, soil type, fertility status, irrigation facilities and drainage system.

4. Select Demonstration farmers : A farmers who are willing to cooperate in the conduct of demonstration should be selected. Demonstration farmers should be selected finally by holding a meeting in the village where the propose of demonstration should be clearly stated and suggestions sought from the farmers. Any difference of opinion may be sorted out tactfully; otherwise there is a chance of having non cooperation from those who are not selected as demonstrating farmers which may ultimately jeopardize the very purpose of demonstration.

5. Prepare for the Demonstration: Arrange critical inputs for the demonstration. Critical inputs are those agricultural inputs which are vital to help the selected technologies to exhibit its production potentialities on farmers‟ fields and not earlier being used by the farmers. Other inputs should be arranged by the farmers themselves. Ensure that the inputs which are to be given by the farmers are available with them. The farmers should never be given an impression that the demonstration is a means of receiving free inputs. Rather they should be educated to understand the educational value of such demonstrations.

B. Conducting phase

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1. Layout demonstration: Guide and assist the farmers in laying out the field. Special training programme may be arranged for all farmers in whose plots demonstrations are to be laid. Keep the control plot if needed, otherwise treat all other neighboring/surrounding plots as control plots.

2. Crucial Farm Operations: Ensure your presence at the time of important operations. Encourage questions from the farmers at each of these operations. This will help in better understanding of the tasks/operations.

3. Field Day: Arrange a field day to project the new technologies demonstrated in front of a large manageable group of interested farmers. It is an intensive educational activity in which farm experts, extension workers and farmers are involved and learn from each other. Plan the Field Day when the crop is fully matured yet green. Ask the demonstration farmers to explain the story of demonstration one by one to the assembled group of farmers and extension workers.

4. Harvesting: Make an eye estimate of the field. Arrange harvesting in the presence of identified group of farmers. Ask the farmers to estimate the yield and to say in what way the demonstrated technologies are superior than the earlier ones. Are they satisfied with the performance of technologies?. What lessons they have learned from the adopt this practice? Will they advise other fellow farmers to adopt this practice ? What is the expected profits? Will it be more than what they used to get from their own practices? What are the difficulties in following the demonstrated practices? Idea is to ascertain as to what extent farmers are satisfied with the demonstrated technology and what is the possibility of their continue adoption.

C. Follow-up-phase Some farmers may revert to old practices in the absence of follow-up.

They need information reinforcement, timely supply of inputs or on the spot guidance. Group approach in follow-up will give better results.

D. Record keeping- Collect the desire data and documented it.

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Annexure-V

Methodology for economic analysis of weed management for field trials Working out Benefit cost ratio: The BC ratio is the ratio between gross return (Rs/ha) obtained from any activity and the costs/expenditure (Rs/ha) that are incurred for obtaining the said gross return. Gross return is obtained by multiplying the quantity of output and the MSP (Minimum Support Price)*. Gross cost/expenditure is nothing but the cost of cultivation of that particular crop. The benefit cost ratio (BC Ratio) is obtained by the given formula.

Example: Here a comparison was made between the farms those who apply herbicides in combination with manual labourers and those farms whom were using only manual labourers for the control of weeds in Onion crop. Now the benefit cost ratio is obtained as the ratio between the gross return and the Gross expenditure (Table 1).

Table.1. Illustration showing the calculation of Benefit cost Ratio in Onion

S. No. Particulars Unit Herbicide

Applied Farms Manually

weeded Farms

a. Gross Expenditure Rs/ha 101160 112660

b. Yield kgs/ha 20395 17525

c. Price of Onion Rs/kg 15.00 15.00

d. Gross Return Rs/ha 305925 262875

Benefit cost ratio (d / a) 3.02 2.33

Budgeting: Budgeting is normally carried out to know the financial status of a farm. It may be defined as a detailed physical and financial statement of a farm plan or of a change in farm plan over a certain period of time. In other words, the expression of farm plan in monetary terms through the estimation of receipts, expenses and profit is called farm budgeting. * MSP is used here so as to get a uniform value for the produce obtained across the country. If MSP is not available for a particular crop current prices prevailing in the state could be used. This could also be collected from the website of Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (www.agmarknet.nic.in) Types of Farm Budgeting:

The following are the different types of farm budgeting techniques:

Partial budgeting

Enterprise budgeting

Cash flow budgeting

Complete budgeting Now, we are interested in knowing the profit or loss about a particular activity viz. Integrated Weed Management (IWM). The best possible way of finding out the profit/loss about the IWM is partial budgeting.

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46

Partial Budgeting This refers to estimating the outcome or returns for a part of the farming business, i.e., one or few activities and specifically Integrated Weed Management (IWM). A partial budget is used to calculate the expected change in the profit for a proposed change in the farm business due to IWM. A partial budget contains only those income and expense items, which will change, if the proposed modification namely IWM in the farm plan is implemented. Example: Partial budgeting was employed to estimate additional costs and returns obtained from herbicide applied farms as compared to manually weeded farms in onion. This estimate provides the information about the added costs, reduced returns, added returns and reduced costs by herbicide applied farms in onion and the results are presented in Table 2. Table 2. Illustration showing the partial budgeting for IWM in onion

S. No

Debit (A) Credit (B)

Added Cost Value (Rs)

Added Return Value (Rs)

1 Herbicides and its application 1300 Income 43050

Reduced return Reduced cost

2 Nil - Other operations 12110

Total 1300 Total 55160

Net Gain=(B-A)= Rs. 53860**

It could be inferred from the above table that, an additional cost of Rs.1300 was incurred for the cost of herbicides and its application. There was also a reduction in cost of other operations (including cost of labour, animal and machine power) to the tune of Rs.12110. An additional return (the difference in the values of Onion between the herbicide applied farms and the manually weeded farms) was Rs.43050 was obtained with the use of herbicides and the net gain was found to be Rs.53860. ** The estimated value should be always on a positive side to lay the importance on the proposed activity. In our case the activity is the IWM. The results have established that adoption of herbicides for the control of weeds found to be a technology that could be adopted well for the cultivation of onion.

The cost of cultivation of Onion is provided in Table 3. Table 3.Cost of cultivation of Onion (Rs/ha)

S.No Particulars Herbicide

Applied Farms Manually

weeded Farms

1. Labour (weeding) 11143 19730

2. Labour (Except Weeding) 37300 38250

3. Machine power 3960 4840

4. Seed (bulbs) 31350 32330

5. Organic manures 4900 5580

6. Inorganic fertilizers 4700 4733

7. Cost of labour and other inputs 93353 105463

8. Herbicides and its application 3127 1827

9. Transportation 1280 1570

10. Interest on working capital 3400 3800

47

11. Total cost/Gross Expenditure (sum of S.No 1 to 10)

101160 112660

12. Yield (kgs/ha) 20395 17525

13. Price of Onion (Rs/kg) 15.00 15.00

14. Value of Main Product/Gross return (S. No 12 multiplied by 13)

305925 262875

15. Net income (S.No 14 minus 11) 204765 150215

16. Net income Rs./Kg (S.No 15 divided by 12)

10.04 8.57

17. BC Ratio (S.No 14 divided by 11) 3.02 2.33

Only based the cost of cultivation table the BC ratio and partial budgeting was carried out and the results are obtained.

48

Summary of experiments at different centres

SL. No

Coordinating Centres

Network Programmes

WS 1: Weed surveillance

WS 2:

Weed

biology

and

physiology

WS 3: Weed

management

in crops and

cropping

systems

WS 4:

Management

of

problematic

/ invasive /

parasitic /

aquatic

weeds

WS 5:

Herbicide

residues and

environmental

quality

WS 6:

Transfer of

technology

1. PAU, Ludhiana

WS1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1b, WS 2.1c, WS 2.1d, WS 3a, WS 2.3b

WS 3.1.1, WS 3.2, WS 3.3.2, WS 3.4.1, WS 3.5, WS 3.6, WS 3.7

WS 4.1b, WS 4.1c, WS 4.2 WS 4.3,

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

2. UAS, Bengaluru

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1b, WS 2.1d,

WS 3.1.1, WS 3.1.2, WS 3.1.3, WS 3.3.1, WS 3.3.2, WS 3.5, WS 3.6, WS 3.7, WS 3.8.14, WS 3.8.15,

WS 4.1a, WS 4.1b, WS 4.1c, WS 4.1e,

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

3. RVSKKV, Gwalior

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 3.2, WS 3.4.1, WS 3.6, WS 3.7,

WS 4.1a, WS 4.1c, WS 4.2 WS 4.3,

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

4. GBPUAT, Pantnagar

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1d,

WS 3.1.1, WS 3.2, WS 3.3.1, WS 3.3.2, WS 3.4.1, WS 3.6, WS 3.8.12, WS 3.8.13

WS 4.2 WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

5. CSKHPKV, Palampur

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1b,

WS 3.1.3, WS 3.2, WS 3.3.1, WS 3.4.1, WS 3.6, WS 3.7, WS 3.8.6

WS 4.1c, WS 4.1e, WS 4.2 WS 4.3,

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.4, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

6. AAU, Jorhat WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3,

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1b, WS 2.2, WS 2.3.1, WS 2.3.3,

WS 3.1.3, WS 3.3.1, WS 3.3.3, WS 3.7,

WS 4.2 WS 4.3

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

7.

VNMKV, Parbhani

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 3.2, WS 3.3.1, WS 3.3.2, WS 3.5, WS 3.6, WS 3.7

WS 4.1b, WS 4.1c, WS 4.2 WS 4.3,

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

8. AAU, Anand WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 3.2, WS 3.3.2, WS 3.4.1, WS 3.5,

WS 4.1a, WS 4.1b, WS 4.1c, WS 4.2

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

49

SL. No


Network Programmes


WS 2:

Weed

biology

and

physiology

WS 3: Weed

management

in crops and

cropping

systems

WS 4:

Management

of

problematic

/ invasive /

parasitic /

aquatic

weeds

WS 5:

Herbicide

residues and

environmental

quality

WS 6:

Transfer of

technology

WS 3.6, WS 3.7

WS 4.3,

9. TNAU, Coimbatore

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1b, WS 2.1d

WS 3.1.1, WS 3.1.2, WS 3.1.3, WS 3.4.1 WS 3.5 WS 3.6, WS 3.7,

WS 4.1a, WS 4.1c, WS 4.1d, WS 4.2, WS 4.3,

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.4, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

10. NDUAT, Faizabad

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1b,

WS 3.1.1, WS 3.1.3, WS 3.2, WS 3.3.1, WS 3.3.2, WS 3.3.3, WS 3.4.1, WS 3.6, WS 3.7,

WS 4.1a, WS 4.1c, WS 4.2, WS 4.3,

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

11. V.B. Sriniketan WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1b, WS 2.2,

WS 3.1.1, WS 3.1.3, WS 3.3.3, WS 3.4.1, WS 3.6, WS 3.7,

WS 4.2, WS 4.3,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

12. BAU, Ranchi WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1b, WS 2.1d

WS 3.1.3 WS 3.2, WS 3.3.1, WS 3.3.3, WS 3.6, WS 3.7, WS 3.8.3, WS 3.8.4,

WS 4.1b, WS 4.1c, WS 4.2, WS 4.3,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

13. CSAUAT, Kanpur

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1b,

WS 3.1.1, WS 3.1.3, WS 3.2, WS 3.3.2, WS 3.3.3, WS 3.6, WS 3.7

WS 4.2, WS 4.3,

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

14. KAU, Thrissur WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1b, WS 2.1d,

WS 3.1.1, WS 3.1.3, WS 3.3.3, WS 3.6, WS 3.7, WS 3.8.5,

WS 4.1c, WS 4.1e, WS 4.1f, WS 4.2,

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

15. OUAT, Bhubaneshwar

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1b,

WS 3.1.1, WS 3.3.3, WS 3.4.1, WS 3.6, WS 3.8.8, WS 3.8.9

WS 4.1a, WS 4.1b, WS 4.1c, WS 4.2, WS 4.3,

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

50

SL. No


Network Programmes


WS 2:

Weed

biology

and

physiology

WS 3: Weed

management

in crops and

cropping

systems

WS 4:

Management

of

problematic

/ invasive /

parasitic /

aquatic

weeds

WS 5:

Herbicide

residues and

environmental

quality

WS 6:

Transfer of

technology

16. ANGRAU, Hyderabad

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 3.1.2, WS 3.5, WS 3.6, WS 3.7, WS 3.8.2,

WS 4.1a, WS 4.1c, WS 4.1d, WS 4.2, WS 4.3,

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5, WS 5.6,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

17. CCSHAU, Hisar

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1c

WS 3.1.1, WS 3.3.1, WS 3.4.1, WS 3.5, WS 3.6, WS 3.7

WS 4.1a, WS 4.1c, WS 4.2, WS 4.3,

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

18. RAU, Pusa WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1b,

WS 3.1.1, WS 3.1.3, WS 3.2, WS 3.3.1, WS 3.3.3, WS 3.6, WS 3.7,

WS 4.1a, WS 4.1c, WS 4.2, WS 4.3,

WS 5.1, WS 5.2, WS 5.3, WS 5.5,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

19. D BSKKV, Dapoli

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 3.1.3 WS 3.6, WS 3.7,

WS 4.2, WS 4.3,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

20. IGKVV, Raipur WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 3.1.3, WS 3.6, WS 3.7, WS 3.8.1

WS 4.2, WS 4.3,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

21. UAS, Dharwad WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 3.2, WS 3.3.2, WS 3.5, WS 3.6, WS 3.7

WS 4.1b, WS 4.1c, WS 4.1d, WS 4.2, WS 4.3,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

22. SKRAU, Bikaner

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.3

WS 2.1a, WS 2.1e,

WS 3.2, WS 3.4.1, WS 3.6, WS 3.7

WS 4.1a, WS 4.1b, WS 4.1c, WS 4.2, WS 4.3,

WS 6.1, WS 6.2,

23. Meerut WS 1.1a, WS 1.2,

WS 3.4.1, WS 3.8.10, WS 3.8.11,

24. Agra WS 1.1a, WS 1.2,

25. Akola WS 1.1a, WS 1.2,

WS 3.5 WS 3.8.16

26. SKUAST-Kashmir

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2, WS 1.4b

WS 2.3.2 WS 3.8.7

27. SKUAST-Jammu

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2,

WS 3.2

28. PJNCA&RI, Karaikal

WS 1.1a, WS 1.2,

WS 2.1a, WS 3.1.1 WS 3.8.17 WS 3.8.18

51

SL. No


Network Programmes


WS 2:

Weed

biology

and

physiology

WS 3: Weed

management

in crops and

cropping

systems

WS 4:

Management

of

problematic

/ invasive /

parasitic /

aquatic

weeds

WS 5:

Herbicide

residues and

environmental

quality

WS 6:

Transfer of

technology

29. Madurai WS 1.1a, WS 1.2,

30. BAU, Sabour WS 1.1a, WS 1.2,

network technical programme of aicrp- weed control (2014 ...dwr.org.in/aicrp-wm document/aicrp-wc...

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