netmanias.2015.04.08.korea communication review.april.8.print

FEATURED: Korean Companies on MWC 2015

KTSK Telecom

LG U+Samsung

HFRKMWDasan

Contela

Leaders

Korea Communication ReviewQ2 2015

© Netmanias Consulting • www.netmanias.com

Publisher/Editor Dr. Harrison J. Son | [email protected] Associate Editor Dr. Michelle M. Do | [email protected] Advertising Sales Ho-Young Lee | [email protected] | +82-2-3444-5747 Business Development Steve Shin | [email protected] | +82-10-2884-8870

Netmanias.com

LTE-A

LTE-B

LTE-H

LTE-M

LTE-U

LTE-TDD

mmWave

IoT

7.55Gbps

TDD

Fronthaul

SDN/NFV

Technologies

Macro

C-RAN

Hetnet

Femto

WiFi

Cryptography

© Netmanias Consulting • www.netmanias.comTable of Contents | April 2015

Articles

04-05 | LTE/LTE-A commercialization by South Korea’s big 3 operators as of April 1, 2015

18-23 | Unified mobile fronthaul & backhaul solutions for LTE-A Hetnet: HFR’s flexiHaul solution

24-26 | Why do we need antenna-integrated RRH?

56-57 | 6 things you should know about enterprise WLAN

Netmanias Interview with Korean Companies at MWC 2015

30-33 | KT's demonstrations of LTE-H and LTE-U

34-36 | KT's demonstrations of LTE-TDD (9-carrier CA, LTE-UL/DL CA and triple mode

femto)

38-42 | SK Telecom's demonstrations of pre-5G/5G technologies at MWC 2015 - fast data

platform: T-PANI and APOLLO

43-43 | SK Telecom showcased 5G quantum cryptography system

16-16 | SK Telecom’s weather information system caught the visitors' eye at MWC 2015

09-10 | Contela integrated small cell technology into in-building DAS

12-13 | HFR presented its newest in-building DAS, C-RAN fronthaul and carrier Ethernet

solutions at MWC 2015

16-16 | Juni-Korea, with Korea's innovative small cell technologies, knocking on the door

of the global market

17-17 | Kisan Telecom introduced Korea's advanced repeater technologies in the world

market

17-17 | Infomark, to expand into IoT market with the launch of a wearable device

Korea ICT News | 06-17

• CEOs of Korea's big 3 took different stances on 5G. Why?

• KT CEO Hwang Chang-Gyu gave keynote speech for “The Road to 5G” session at

the MWC 2015

• SK Telecom developed 'P-LTE (Private-LTE)', a new intelligent network control

technology

• KT, with Samsung and Qualcomm, to reveal the world's first LTE-H at MWC

• DASAN Networks, introduces next-generation fiber network solutions in Europe

• Samsung's virtualized core solution chosen to support SK Telecom's nationwide

IoT network

• Samsung presented ‘C-RAN 2.0’ solution at MWC 2015

• SK Telecom and Nokia Networks announce world’s first commercialization of

eICIC

• KT to build GiGA IoT-based traffic signal control communication service

• MODACOM announced the development of interworking technology between

oneM2M and AllJoyn platforms

• DAVOLINK introduces enterprise WLAN controller and 802.11ac AP at 2015

CeBIT in Hanover

• Finedigital unveiled a radio signal monitoring technology

IoT services available from Korean operators

27-28 | B2C IoT services available from Korean operators

29-29 | B2B IoT services available from Korean operators

Korea ICT Statistics

44-46 | Broadband

47-49 | IPTV

50-55 | Mobile


Korea Communication Review • April 2015

4

• Launched 3-band LTE-A (300Mbps) (available for all subscribers)

• Launched LTE-A (150Mbps)

13

• VoLTE (World’s first)

• World’s first full HD streaming

• Launched Wideband LTE (150Mbps)

• Launched LTE (75Mbps) service

• LTE subscribers: 12.3 M (45.1%)


• LTE subscribers: 634 K (2.4%)

10MHz (850MHz) + 10MHz (1.8GHz)

10MHz (850MHz)

• Launched unlimited LTE data plan


• Expanded Wideband LTE to metropolitan cities

• MWC 2013 Demonstration - CA (10+10MHz, 150Mbps)

LTELTE-AWideband LTEWideband LTE-A

10MHz10+10MHz20MHz20+10MHz

Max 150MbpsMax 225Mbps

Tri-band LTE-ATri-band LTE-A

20+10+10MHz20+20+20MHz


x2x3

x4x6

• Wideband LTE-A (20+10MHz, 225Mbps) demonstration

Commercialized (by all 3 in 2013)

Commercialized (by all 3 in June 2014)

Commercialized (by all 3 in January 2015)

To be commercialized (2015 later)



20MHz (1.8GHz)


• Multi-Carrier (World’s first)

• World’s first 4 CH multi-view





10MHz (850MHz)• Launched LTE (75Mbps) service

• VoLTE (World’s first)




• MWC 2014 Demonstration - 3-Band CA (20+20+20MHz, 450Mbps) - Uplink CoMP - LTE + Giga Wi-Fi Femtocell



10MHz (850MHz) + 10MHz (2.1GHz)

20MHz (2.6GHz)

• HD 4Mbps streaming

• Multi-Carrier




• Launched LTE (75Mbps) service

• VoLTE


• Launched eMBMS (World’s first)




• MWC 2014 Demonstration - 3-Band CA (20+20+20MHz, 450Mbps) - LTE-A CA Femtocell - FDD-TDD LTE CA - LTE-A + Giga Wi-Fi

• MWC 2013 Demonstration - eMBMS (KT+Samsung+Quacomm)



10MHz (1.8GHz) + 10MHz (900MHz)

20MHz (1.8GHz)

• Multi-Carrier (World’s first)

Wideband LTE Spectrum Auction

13

14

As of Apr. 1, 2015


x1x2

Commercialized (by SKT/LG U+ in 2011 and by KT in 2012)

Commercialized (by all 3 in 2013)

• MWC 2014 Demonstration - 3-Band CA (20+20+20MHz, 450Mbps) - LTE-A CA Femtocell - FDD-TDD LTE CA

20MHz (1.8GHz) + 10MHz (850MHz) 20MHz (2.6GHz) + 10MHz (850MHz) 20MHz (1.8GHz) + 10MHz (900MHz)

12

11

12

11

14

15 15

20MHz (1.8GHz) + 10MHz (900MHz) + 10MHz (2.1GHz)


• Launched Wideband LTE-A (225Mbps)




• Launched 3-band LTE-A (300Mbps) (available for 100 subscribers only)

1

1

1

2 2

2

3

1

1

1 1

1



1 World’s first

2 World’s second

• Launched eICIC

10MHz (1.8GHz)

• MWC 2015 Demonstration - DL CoMP (Dynamic Point Selection) - DL 256QAM (400Mbps)

• MWC 2015 Demonstration - mmWave System (28GHz, 7.5Gbps) - NFV/SDN Orchestration - Fast Data Platform - Quantum Cryptography System

• MWC 2015 Demonstration - mmWave System (28GHz, 7.5Gbps) - LTE-HetNet (LTE+WiFi, 600Mbps) - LTE-Unlicensed (450Mbps) - Triple Mode Femto

11 21

LG U+ KTSK Telecom

World’s third3

LTE/LTE-A commercialization by South Korea’s big 3 operators as of April 1, 2015

2

1

3

7

8

10

12

7

12

6

8

11

12

7

9

1

3

4

2

6

12

3

1 1

11

12

1

2

6

8

7

9

2

1

3

7

8

10

12

7

12

3

4

6

12

3



850 MHz

900 MHz

1800 MHz

2600 MHz

Band 5

Band 8

Band 3

Band 7

1745 1755

KT

1725 17351715

SKT KT

2520 2530 2540

LG U+

MHz

SKT

905 915

KT

839 849

LG U+

829

SKT

NationNation

Major

884 894

Nationwide

Nation

Downlink

ㆍ The Big 3 launched ‘Wideband LTE-A’ service using 2-band CA in June 2014, offering max. 225 Mbps (20 + 10 MHz)

ㆍ The Big 3 launched ‘Tri-band LTE-A’ service using 3-band CA in January 2015, offering max. 300 Mbps (20 + 10 + 10 MHz)

UE

LTE Frequency Commercialization Status (as of April 1, 2015)

Carrier Aggregation (CA)

Uplink

225 Mbps

225 Mbps

Metro: Metropolitan areasMajor: Major citiesNation: Nationwide

n Carrier aggregation services in Korea (April 1, 2015)

MajorMajor

2-band

3-band

30 (20 + 10) MHz

40 (20 + 10 + 10) MHz

2014. 06

2015. 01

2-band

3-band

30 (20 + 10) MHz

40 (20 + 10 + 10) MHz

2014. 06

2015. 01

2-band

3-band

30 (20 + 10) MHz

40 (20 + 10 + 10) MHz

2014. 06

2015. 01

1.8 GHz (B3) + 850 MHz (B5)

1.8 GHz (B3) + 850 MHz (B5) + 2.1 GHz (B1)

2.6 GHz (B7) + 850 MHz (B5)

2.6 GHz (B7) + 850 MHz (B5) + 2.1 GHz (B1)

1.8 GHz (B3) + 900 MHz (B8)

1.8 GHz (B3) + 900 MHz (B8) + 2.1 GHz (B1)

225 Mbps

300 Mbps

225 Mbps

300 Mbps

225 Mbps

300 Mbps

Operator # of band Bandwidth (DL) LaunchedCarriers Max. rate (DL)

Category 3

Category 4

100 Mbps (Wideband LTE, 20 MHz)

150 Mbps (Wideband LTE, 20 MHz)

150 Mbps (LTE-A, 2-band CA, 10+10 MHz)

SKT

225 Mbps (Wideband LTE-A, 2-band CA, 20+10 MHz) Category 6

LG U+

KT

30 MHz: [B3]20 + [B5]10

30 MHz: [B5]10 + [B7]20

30 MHz: [B3]20 + [B8]10

225 Mbps2-bandCategory 6

LG U+ 20 MHz: [B1]10 + [B5]10 150 Mbps2-bandCategory 4

SKT

LG U+

KT

40 MHz: [B1]10 + [B3]20 + [B5]10

40 MHz: [B1]10 + [B5]10 + [B7]20

40 MHz: [B1]10 + [B3]20 + [B8]10

300

Mbps3-bandCategory 9

UE Category Max. Speed Operator UE Category CA Type BW: CA Combination Max. Speed

Major

SK Telecom

300 Mbps (Tri-band LTE-A, 3-band CA, 20+10+10 MHz) Category 9

300 Mbps

1930

SKT

1940

2100 MHzBand 1

1920

LG U+ KT

1960 1970

LG U+

KT

150 Mbps

MHz

MHz1840

950

1810

225 Mbps

150 Mbps

MHz2640 2650 2660

LG U+

Nationwide

KT

Major

2150 2160

300 Mbps

225 Mbps

225 Mbps

225 Mbps

150 Mbps

1830

960

1850

874

1820

SKT LG U+

Nation

2110 2120 2130

SKT

MajorMajor

LG U+

Nationwide

KTSKT

Nationwide

KT

Major

300 Mbps

Nation Nation

B1-B3-B8

B1-B5-B7

B1-B3-B5

B3-B8

B5-B7

B3-B5

B1-B5

5

LTE/LTE-A commercialization by South Korea’s big 3 operators as of April 1, 2015



6

CEOs of Korea's big 3

took different stances on

5G. Why? 03/05 | By Yun Sang-ho ([email protected])

SK Telecom and LG U+ to create more

customer value, and KT to lead

technology innovation through

standardization

5G era is arriving soon, probably by 2020

as planned, and is promising 100 times

faster speeds than current LTE.

Then, what benefits can customers get

from it? What values can it bring to

customers, and how?

CEOs of Korea's big 3 operators, SK

Telecom, KT and LG U+, shared

differing stances on 5G at press

conferences held in Barcelona, Spain on

March 2nd and 3rd.

SK Telecom and LG U+ placed more

weight on the future while KT did on the

present. SK Telecom and LG U+ seemed

to put 'customers' first while KT did

'technology' first.

SK Telecom CEO Dong-hyun Jang

noted, "The industry are talking more

about what technology evolution 5G can

achieve than about what 5G can bring to

customers." He added, "When there is a

new network evolving, we have to think

of what to do with it from the initial stage

of the network's evolution, to develop

service that can create customer value.

This is what I learned when LTE was

arriving."

The CEO of KT, Chang-gyu Hwang,

said, "5G is apparently a challenging

technology for platform manufacturers

as well as operators." He also pointed

out, "That's why we proposed

standardization of the Internet of Things

(IoT)."

CEO Sang-chul Lee at LG U+

emphasized, "With IoT just emerging in

5G, anyone who can offer better-

customized customer value will become

the winner in the market."

The different stances by the CEOs

seemed to result from different

situations they are in as a CEO.

Obviously, they all have different time

and paths behind and ahead.

SK Telecom's Dong-hyun Jang took

office in last December and had

previously worked as the COO of SK

Planet until then. So, with the

experience that he have had in both

communication and platform fields, he

is laying out a plan to produce profit.

is laying out a plan to produce profit.

KT's Chang-gyu Hwang is in his

second year as CEO, with only one year

to go. It is easier and faster to get the

result through standardization than

through building a new profit model.

CEO Sang-chul Lee at LG U+ was re-

elected last year. His leadership in LTE

business was recognized, but now he is

under pressure to come up with a new

profit model such as IoT soon.

There is no standards defined for 5G

yet. All three CEOs promised to make

efforts for successful implementation of

5G, and claimed to have the best

technology. Standardization of speeds

and frequencies is not likely to be

finalized until 2018. n

CEO of SK Telecom

Dong-hyun JangCEO of KT

Chang-gyu HwangCEO of LG U+

Sang-chul Lee

KT's demonstrations of

LTE-H and LTE-U 03/30 | By STEVE SHIN ([email protected])

At Barcelona's Mobile World Congress

(MWC) 2015, KT demonstrated a variety

of new 5G, Hetnet and IoT technologies

and services (see table 1). Of all those

presented, we will focus on our most

interested topics, WiFi-related pre-5G

technology, LTE-Hetnet (LTE-H) and LTE-

Unlicensed (LTE-U), and see how they

were demonstrated.

Read the full article (page 30-33). n

KT's demonstrations of

LTE-TDD: 9-carrier CA,

LTE-UL/DL CA and triple

mode femto 03/30 | By YUNHEE SON ([email protected])

KT, in cooperation with Samsung,

implemented LTE-B that aggregates 9

LTE-TDD carriers, achieving 1Gbps (≈

9x110Mbps) at the event. 3GPP has

defined in Rel. 10 that up to 5 carriers

across up to 5 bands can be aggregated,

and now it is working on CA

enhancements to expand LTE CA up to

32 carriers in Rel. 13

32 carriers in Rel. 13 that is currently

under review.

Earlier in January, KT commercialized

3-band CA that combines 3 LTE-FDD

bands (Band 1, 3 and 8), supporting up to

300Mbps. Now, with this demonstration,

the company proved itself capable of

supporting 1Gbps through TDD CA (as

claimed through its marketing brand

GiGA).

This time, multiple (9) carriers within

one TDD band were aggregated (intra-

band CA).

Read the full article (page 34-36). n

Korea ICT News & Articles



7

KT CEO Hwang Chang-Gyu gave keynote speech

for “The Road to 5G” session at the MWC 201503/04 | By STEVE SHIN ([email protected])

Through his keynote speech on 5G

network services, KT CEO Hwang

Chang-Gyu showed a wonderful glimpse

of the future at the MWC 2015, held in

Barcelona, Spain.

As the primary speaker for “The Road

to 5G” session, CEO Hwang stated, “In

the era of the Internet of Things (IoT),

where all devices are connected through

a network, an ultra large 5G network

with real-time hyper speed is a must.” He

went on to state, “The upcoming era of

IoT that is 5G can be realized sooner

with cooperation from global operators.”

CEO Hwang‟s keynote speech during

the 5G session at the MWC 2015, the

industry‟s largest annual gathering, can

be viewed

be viewed as confirmation that KT‟s

technological skill is being recognized

on a global level.

In CEO Hwang‟s keynote speech titled,

“5G and Beyond, Accelerating the

Future,” CEO Hwang presented a video

of a self-driving car that aroused

excitement from the participants. In the

video, the year is 2020 and CEO Hwang

gets into his self-driving vehicle and

speaks the words, “Office,” upon which

afterwards, the self-driving vehicle

calculates the most optimal route using

a 5G network and begins to move.

While the vehicle is driving itself, CEO

Hwang has a video conference meeting

with executives in the United States,

China and Spain. During the video

conference meeting, all documents and

verbal communication is interpreted and

translated in real-time. The video ends

with CEO Hwang watching his

granddaughter‟s hologram play the

violin.

China and Spain. During the video

conference meeting, all documents and

verbal communication is interpreted and

translated in real-time. The video ends

with CEO Hwang watching his

granddaughter‟s hologram play the

violin. When the video concludes, CEO

Hwang states that in the future, we will

no longer need a driver‟s license and our

vehicle will turn into our office.

CEO Hwang went on to explain that

one self-driving vehicle will need the

capability to process 1 GB of

information per second. He continued

by stating that billions of self-driving

vehicles operating simultaneously while

sending and receiving information is

simply impossible with the current LTE

network. Additionally, he stated that a

new 5G network will be needed to

handle the massive data traffic that will

be a reality in the future. n

SK Telecom completed

construction of 26,000 3-

band LTE-A base stations 03/31 | By CHRIS YOO ([email protected])

SK Telecom on March 31 announced that

it has completed construction of 26,000

2.1GHz base stations across the nation for

3-band LTE-A service provision.

Now SK Telecom users can enjoy 3-band

LTE-A service in 85 major cities of Korea,

including Seoul and 6 metropolitan cities.

The company plans to build additional

5,000 base stations by August to make

sure it has the nation's largest 3-band LTE-

A coverage, providing a wider service area

for users.

for users.

SK Telecom has also upgraded its

repeaters deployed across the nation to

ones capable of supporting 3-band LTE-A,

to offer the 4-times faster 3-band LTE-A

service nationwide, even in areas with

poor reception like inside buildings or

underground.

The company noted that, in building the

3-band LTE-A base stations, it used „T-

PANI‟ and „APOLLO‟, which were

presented as big data-based intelligent

operation platforms at Mobile World

Congress 2015 held at Barcelona, Spain in

early March.

Using the two solutions, the company:

(1) determined the best locations to build

2.1G base stations, and

2.1G base stations, and

(2) will be providing the best network

service not only to users subscribing to 3-

band LTE-A service, but also those

subscribing to conventional LTE services

like wideband LTE-A service, by analyzing

and automatically optimizing the network

conditions in real time. n




8

SK Telecom developed 'P-LTE (Private-LTE)',

a new intelligent network control technology02/04 | By CHRIS YOO ([email protected])

SK Telecom announced on the 4th that it

has developed a new base station-based

intelligent mobile network control

technology called 'P-LTE (Private-LTE)'.

The new technology is known to be

capable of separating private networks

from public LTE networks.

The key element of P-LTE is that it can

separate private mobile networks from

public LTE networks by using an

intelligent network control. Previously, a

company who wants to build its own

private mobile network for intranet, etc.

had to have dedicated network

equipment and frequency, and also had

to invest tremendous amount of time and

money. SK Telecom claimed that P-LTE

can easily solve this problem.

The greatest strength of P-LTE is the

fact that its users can utilize their internal

data in a private enterprise network while

still using public LTE networks (RU, DU)

as well.

With P-LTE, an enterprise, hospital,

stadium, public institution, etc. can

transmit their internal data to their

enterprise servers directly through base

stations,

stations, without having to send them

through the Internet (see the illustration

below).

This new scheme will:

- allow traffic and service to be managed

in a way that only authorized users

within the private network can have

access to them

- prevent external users from accessing

the network

- help its users to manage their work

efficiently through intranet operation

within the private network, or by

offering services like smart office,

virtual meetings, etc.

SK Telecom expects that, once

commercialized, P-LTE will serve as a

foundation for mobile smart work

environments soon to be built by many

institutions or enterprises.

In addition, separated from public LTE

network and public Internet, the private

LTE network can support real-time data

processing with lower latency by having

data sent by its authorized user

transmitted through the shortest path

possible.

What is even better is that, not only the

private network users but also public

LTE network users can benefit from this

low latency. Because data sent by the

private network users do not travel

through the packet core equipment of

the public LTE network, data congestion

in the packet core equipment can be

alleviated.

With introduction of P-LTE, the

company hopes to begin and lead the

network innovation at a global level.

Also, ETSI has recently initiated the

standardization procedure of Mobile

Edge Computing (MEC), a technology

that processes cloud and various

intelligent services, reflecting an

increasing interest in intelligent service

across the world. Given that, SK

Telecom, now with P-LTE, should be

able to position itself as a global leader

in the intelligent service field.

Mr. Jin-hyo Park, the Head of Network

Technology R&D Center at SK Telecom,

said "With the successful development

of P-LTE, we are ready to offer services

for private networks through the

intelligent base stations in our recently-

built LTE high-speed network. We will

continue to make every effort to develop

more innovative intelligent network-

based technologies." n

Enterprise Servers

Enterprise User

Non-Enterprise User

Internet

Access to public network (Internet)

Access to enterprise private network

RUDUPrivate-LTE Server

Enterprise

Access to enterprise private network

P-LTE SystemPacket Core (S/P-GW)




9

Home/Enterprise small cell units are

designed to provide high-speed LTE

data service indoors - at home,

enterprise, etc. Though not

presented at MWC, the company's

outdoor small cell solutions are

useful for enhancing the coverage

capacity of the conventional macro

cells or improving small hotspot

coverage. Demand for this solution

is expected to grow.

Contela integrated small

cell technology into in-

building DAS03/04 | By STEVE SHIN ([email protected])

Contela, a leading small cell solution

provider based in Korea, introduced its

new small cell solutions at MWC 2015.

The company has provided SK

Telecom, a Korean network operator,

with LTE femtocell solutions through

years of cooperation with SK Telecom.

At MWC, Contela presented three

wireless access units to be embedded in

LTE small cell solutions: Indoor Home/

Enterprise small cell AP, Outdoor small

cell AP, and small cell In-building

Solution (SIS). Especially, SIS drew

attention from lots of MWC attendants.

"SIS" is designed to cover wide areas

like in-building areas by combining

conventional small cell APs and DAS.

Mr. Hong Kweon Kim, Team Manager

of System 2 Team at Contela, explained,

"SIS is an upgraded small cell unit that

has a combined form of a small cell AP

and a DAS repeater system. There are 3

major components of SIS: (1) DU

connected to backhaul network, (2) RUs

(with built-in antennas) installed within

in-building coverage areas, and (3) OEU

that relays signals between DU and RUs.

These components are interconnected

through an in-building DAS infra, just

like neurons in our body are

interconnected through a neural

network.

He also highlighted that, "Because SIS

enables a DU to distribute small cell

radio signals to RUs installed within in-

building coverage areas without

degradation, it ensures stable small cell

radio coverage even in the in-building

areas that are actually located far away

from the DU. Plus, because DU and RUs

as well as OEU and RUs can be

connected using UTP cables that have

been commonly used in LAN networks,

now building an in-building wireless

network can be more efficient and less

expensive than building one using

conventional RF cables."

In addition to SIS, Contela's Home/

Enterprise small cell units - not the

latest, but still powerful solution - also

attracted lots of attendants at MWC.

KT, with Samsung and Qualcomm, to reveal the

world's first LTE-H at MWC03/02 | By STEVE SHIN ([email protected])

KT, in collaboration with Samsung and Qualcomm, demonstrated the world's first

'LTE-WiFi Link Aggregation' (AKA 'LTE-H (HetNet)') that combines two

heterogeneous networks - LTE and WiFi - at Mobile World Congress (MWC) 2015

held in Barcelona. LTE-H does not merely combine frequency bands like the current

LTE-A Carrier Aggregation (CA) technology, but also combines links in different

radio access networks (Link Aggregation). It will serve as the core technology for

merging 4G and 5G as the evolution to 5G continues.

Because the new technology uses both LTE and WiFi networks at the same time, it

supports up to 600 Mbps - combination of 150Mbps of broadband LTE and 450

Mbps of GiGA WiFi speed.

Unlike the conventional software-based LTE-WiFi combination transmissions, LTE-

H enables LTE base stations to directly control Wi-Fi access for the first time in the

world. So, it is more transmission-efficient and easier to use.

Especially, base stations detect signal strength between user devices and WiFi AP,

and automatically control on/off function to allow/deny access to Wi-Fi. So, users

can enjoy uninterrupted and seamless service even when they are moving, which

has been an issue in WiFi.

By taking advantage of its extensive WiFi networks, KT plans to pilot the new

LTE-H network providing giga-class speeds at hotspots across South Korea in the

first half of 2016. n

CPRI

Ethernet450Mbps

150Mbps

600Mbps

Samsung

Samsung

Samsung

Qulacomm

Source: KT

Contela’s Small Cell In-building (SIS) Solution




10

He also said, "Because small cell

equipment interworks with the LTE core

network through public Internet, network

security between the two is one of the

most important requirements. For

enhanced security, dedicated security

equipment like SeGW (Security Gateway:

IPsec) is embedded in the solution."

Ms. Eun Hwan Lim, Deputy General

Manager at Global Business Team of the

company, noted, "The technical

excellence and reliability of our small cell

solutions have been highly recognized.

In fact, we have been supplying our

FD-LTE-enabled solutions to SK

Telecom, and also plan to develop TD-

LTE-enabled solutions to supply to

KDDI in Japan." n

DASAN Networks,

introduces next-

generation fiber network

solutions in Europe02/11 | By YUNHEE SON ([email protected])

DASAN Networks, a global network

solution provider in Korea, is pushing its

FTTx business forward to Europe and

the Middle East.

DASAN Networks participated at

„FTTH Conference 2015‟ in Warsaw,

Poland on the 11th and 12th of Feb to

introduce its next-generation fiber

network solutions, with its European

partner, FIBRAIN, one of the European

leaders in distribution and production of

the components used to build fiber optic

networks and structural cabling systems.

The main solutions include NG-PON

which provide up to 40Gbps download

speeds, 10G-EPON for 10Gbps speed on

fiber infrastructure, and G. f ast solutions

that enables up to 1Gbps Internet speed

on the existing phone line (copper).

Particularly, the G.fast solution allows service providers to deliver higher bandwidth

services in areas with old buildings that only have telephone lines and also the legacy

areas where, due to preservation, it is difficult to go through major construction (e.g.

historical sites).

According to Alfred Song, an Executive Director of DASAN Networks Global Business

Division, at the Conference “The market is heading toward a more cost efficient solution

utilizing the existing infrastructure as a way of expanding bandwidth for today‟s data

traffic growth. Introducing DASAN Networks next-generation fiber solutions in the

Conference, we consolidated our plans to expand new businesses in the European and

Middle Eastern markets.”DASAN Networks has recently been selected to supply network

solutions for Vietnam and Taiwan‟s network constructions. Such global expansion was

possible due to DASAN Networks‟ active R&D investment, which again allowed DASAN

Networks to provide products to 60 companies at 25 different countries around the

world. DASAN Networks currently operates R&D centers in India, Vietnam and China,

and also has Sales Offices located in the US, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam and India. n

Samsung's virtualized core solution chosen to

support SK Telecom's nationwide IoT network02/05 |By CHRIS YOO ([email protected])

Samsung Electronics today announced that it has been selected as the sole vendor

for SK Telecom‟s nationwide Network Function Virtualization (NFV) deployment. As

part of the agreement, Samsung will provide its AdaptiV Core solution for the

operator‟s dedicated mobile IoT (Internet of Things) network.

“We are delighted to collaborate with Samsung on our NFV solution for SK

Telecom‟s IoT services,” said Jong-bong Lee, Executive Vice President and Head of

Network Division at SK Telecom. “SK Telecom is preparing for the IoT era through

active business collaboration. Through the application of virtualized network

technologies, we are confident that we can deliver a truly consistent and innovative

network as well as superior service quality.”

The IoT network, driven by Samsung‟s AdaptiV Core, is scheduled to go live in the

first half of 2015, and will see initial applications targeting package delivery tracking,

CCTV monitoring and city-wide sensor monitoring.

“We are honored that SK Telecom has selected Samsung as the sole vendor to

support SK Telecom‟s sophisticated mobile network,” said Youngky Kim, President

and Head of Networks Business at Samsung Electronics. He added “NFV is one of

the core technologies of next-generation mobile networks and will play a critical role

in helping telecom operators in terms of network deployment, management and

operation as well as service efficiency and rapid scalability.” n

Contela’s Small Cell Portfolio

Source: Samsung

The AdaptiV EPC pulls together software-based virtualized network functions (VNFs) running on a KVM hypervisor, and can use standard Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) general-purpose hardware, or specialized purpose built Samsung servers, depending on the operator's specific requirements.




11

Samsung presented

‘C-RAN 2.0’ solution

at MWC 2015 03/05 | By STEVE SHIN ([email protected])

Samsung, a leading provider of mobile

broadband networking solutions, showed

its C-RAN 2.0 solution – an enhanced

Centralized RAN (C-RAN) platform

designed for radio performance

enhancement as well as additional cost

savings for operators – at MWC 2015.

C-RAN 2.0 builds upon Samsung's

successful C-RAN solution which

relocates baseband units (BBUs) – the

equipment used to process transmission

signals – from each base station to one

or more centralized locations. Major two

new innovations of C-RAN2.0 are

baseband capacity pooling and baseband

clustering.

Baseband pooling represents a new

line of defense against data spikes that

are often the result of large gatherings,

such as concerts, festivals or sporting

events. It works by allowing the network

to efficiently aggregate its baseband

resources across a large cluster of cells

and introducing dynamic capacity

management.

This is made possible by Samsung's

newly developed C-RAN switch, which

enables dynamic routing of traffic

between cell sites (remote radio units)

and the centralized BBUs. The C-RAN

switch also provides significant

switch also provides significant energy

savings by de-activating BBUs during

times of low network load. As a result, it

brings critical value to operators in

terms of network reactivity, flexibility

and scalability.

The second new innovation, baseband

clustering, enables very fast and efficient

coordination between BBUs, improving

cell edge performance and facilitating

the introduction of advanced scheduling

features, such as coordinated multi-

point (CoMP) and inter-site carrier

aggregation.

In a typical network with carrier

aggregation, a user device can connect

to multiple frequencies, or carriers, but

only from a single cell site. In many

situations, however, the coverage

patterns and signal propagation of these

frequencies may be different, potentially

leading to sub-par performance.

C-RAN 2.0's baseband clustering

enables Samsung's Best Cell

Aggregation feature, which allows a user

device to select the best signals

available, even across multiple cell sites.

For users, this results in a more

consistent mobile experience as they

move through the network.

"Samsung's C-RAN 2.0 is well-suited for

city deployments where there are

constraints in site procurement despite

continuing demand for improved

network coverage and performance,”

Joonho Park, Senior Vice President and

Head of Global Sales & Marketing,

Networks Business. "In these situations,

densification is a high priority, and C-

RAN is optimally designed to enable

rapid deployment with a significantly

smaller footprint that a traditional

distributed base station. C-RAN2.0 adds

another level to this by introducing

significant and competitive capability

enhancements to the C-RAN

architecture.” n

l C-RAN Switch l RU (RRH)l Smart Schedulerl DU (BBU) Pooll Inter-DU Switch

C-RAN Switch

RRH (Cell Site)

Inter-DU Switch

DU Pool

http://www.samsung.com/global/business/networks


http://www.samsung.com/global/business/networks



12

HFR presented its

newest in-building DAS,

C-RAN fronthaul and

carrier Ethernet

solutions at MWC 201503/12 | By STEVE SHIN ([email protected])

HFR, a Korean specialist in optical and

radio networking technologies,

presented its newest in-building DAS, C-

RAN fronthaul and carrier Ethernet

solutions at Mobile World Conference

(MWC) 2015.

In-building DAS

HFR unveiled uRadioTM (DRS product),

an upgraded version of its precedent In-

building DAS at MWC, generating a lot

of interests among network operators

who attended the event.

In-building DAS is a system designed to

evenly distribute and deliver radio

signals from base stations to shadowed

areas in large complexes like tall

buildings, shopping malls, subway, etc.

In a conventional in-building DAS

system, units are connected in order of

and eNB (or RRH), MU, HU, antenna

and UE. eNB (or RRH) and MU can be

located in an MDF room in buildings.

HUs are usually mounted onto the walls

on every or every few floors of a building

while antennas are mounted onto the

ceilings of rooms, conference rooms

inside a building (see the figure above).

For connection between eNB/RRH and

MU, and between MU and HU, fiber

cables are used while RF coaxial cables

are used for connection between HU and

antenna.

In a conventional DAS system, radio

signals from eNB (or RRH) are delivered

through fiber and RF coaxial cables to

the antenna in a building near UE, but

are radiated over the air from the

antenna to UE. That is, instead of going a

very long way directly from eNB (or

RRH) to UE, signals travel securely

through wired cables up to the antenna -

the last point possible on wire, and the

closest point to UE - but over the air

from the antenna to UE. This minimizes

the over-the-air travel distance of the

signals, consequently resulting

signals, consequently resulting in better

signal quality. And this way, the entire

building can work as a cell itself, offering

excellent signal quality (like there is no

wall or ceiling that blocks signals).

Unfortunately, however, there is a

critical issue with this system. It costs

too much and takes too long to install,

build and maintain indoor cablings,

wireless infra (especially antennas), etc.

To compensate for these issues, HFR

introduced uRadioTM.

HFR's Sales VP Peter Cho explained,

"New Remote Antenna Units

(RAUs) that replace the existing

antennas in DAS system come with

built-in antennas and useful

features that support radio network

optimization-related functions (e.g.

remote signal measurement and

control function). And this

eliminates the need to work

manually and individually when

building and maintaining an in-

building wireless infra, drastically

reducing costs and time required."

He also added, "Other benefits of

uRadio would be that, because it uses

UTP-type data cables which are

relatively cheaper than conventional RF

coaxial cables, cabling costs can be

reduced. Plus, because the new solution

alone can accommodate not only LTE

but also the existent WCDMA, it can

further lower costs of building and

maintaining a wireless infra."

The uRadio solution has been run in

some network sites of a Korean

operator, SK Telecom, since its adoption

in 2014. The company is currently

working hard on global marketing,

targeting markets in the US and Europe.

Fronthaul

In C-RAN (Centralized and Cloud RAN),

BBUs and RRHs, located in different

places separated from each other, are

connected using fiber-based "Fronthaul"

network such as "Dark Fiber". But, the

problem with the dark fiber is that it

would only work for those who already

have plenty of fiber cables, and others

including most operators would need a

higher CAPEX/OPEX for leasing them.

HFR's Fronthaul WDM solution

(flexHaulTM) is capable of aggregating

(fronthauling) CPRI traffic from LTE

BBUs and RRHs, and aggregating

(backhauling) GPON/GE backhaul

traffic from legacy base station, compact

base station (pico), and Wi-Fi traffic APs

to a single aggregation network.

HFR’s uRadioTM In-Building DAS Solution

HFR’s uRadioTM Solution (DRS product)




13

In addition, the solution helps operators

to build a more-efficient and flexible

mobile network, and also to keep their

CAPEX and OPEX low.

When asked to name actual cases of

deploying their solutions, Mr. Cho

answered, "We have been supplying

fronthaul solutions to SK Telecom for

large deployment, and also to Chunghwa

Telecom (CHT), a Taiwanese operator,

who is expected to have growing

demand for large-scale commercial

network soon. Especially, CHT

recognized the technological excellence

and high reliability of our solutions, and

so we were selected as its sole vendor.

Currently, we are aggressively carrying

out overseas sales activities in Europe,

the Americas, Asia, and so on."

Carrier Ethernet

HFR presented its carrier Ethernet

switch, HA-800 series at MWC. HFR has

achieved certification of CE 2.0

compliance of its HA-800 series (Carrier

Ethernet switch). This switch is a small

form factor that supports 10Gbps

Ethernet speeds, and also gives the high

scalability to allow

scalability to allow users to

economically respond to the soaring

data traffic of these days. Last year,

Telecom Malaysia selected HFR as a

supplier of Carrier Ethernet solution for

its mobile backhaul network.

The follow-up interview after MWC

Can you tell us about the coverage range of DRS solution? How many RAUs can be

connected to a single MU?DRS has a multi-level structure (MU-HU-

RAU). Each MU can have 16 HUs under it, and each HU can have 16 RAUs under it.

So, if you do the math, there are 256 RAUs under each MU.

How is the new DRS solution different from the conventional DAS system? And

what are the greatest benefit that it can give?Unlike the conventional DAS, the DRS

solution uses UTP cables to connect to RAU, a radio antenna unit.

So, it gives you an advantage of less costs of materials and cabling installation.

The actual costs of installation vary depending on countries and regions, but

in general installing the DRS solution in a new building will cost only about 30% of

the costs of installing the conventional DAS solution.

Tell us more about RAU.Sure. RAU is a all-in-one device that works

as a wireless transmission and control module AND an antenna. Especially, the

built-in control module allows MU to remotely monitor the wireless link status,

making it easy to efficiently manage in-building wireless networks. In addition to

that, thanks to POE technology, RAU does not require separate power supply, which can be convenient for installation and

operation. n

SK Telecom and Nokia

Networks announce

world’s first

commercialization of

eICIC01/28 | By CHRIS YOO ([email protected])

SK Telecom announced that it, together

with Nokia Networks, commercialized a

core LTE-A technology called

„Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference

Coordination (eICIC)‟ for the first time

in the world.

eICIC is a technology that controls

signal interference between macro and

micro base stations to enhance the

quality of the LTE-A network. With the

deployment of eICIC, SK Telecom

expects to provide its customers with

enhanced experience by reducing inter-

cell interference by 15% in traffic

congested areas where macro and micro

cells are concentrated.

SK Telecom has applied eICIC to its

LTE-A network located in Gwangju

Metropolitan City and plans to apply the

technology to the rest of its nationwide

LTE-A network by the first half of 2016.

The two companies said that, with the

commercialization of eICIC, they have

also moved a step closer to realizing the

next generation network (5G) as eICIC

will be an essential technology in the era

of 5G where heterogeneous networks

will become more complex.

“Together with SK Telecom, we have

achieved an important milestone in

advancing the mobile network through

the development of eICIC. By using

eICIC, SK Telecom‟s customers can

utilize their existing LTE devices with no

need to buy new smartphones” said

Tero Peltola, Vice President of FDD

LTE, Nokia Networks.

“SK Telecom‟s partnership with Nokia

has led to the achievement of the

world‟s first commercialization of eICIC,

a powerful technology that will further

improve our customer experience,” said

Park Jin-hyo, Senior Vice President and

Head of Network Technology R&D

Center at SK Telecom. n

HFR’s CE Solution (HA-800 Series)

HFR’s flexiHaulTM Mobile Fronthaul Solution

Small RRH

Small BSwith Wi-Fi

CPRI

GPON/GE

GE

Macro LTE RRH

BBU Pool

8300

Ethernet Backhaul

CPRI Fronthaul

CPRI

GE

SAE-GW

Macro Cell SiteSmall Cell

8500

8100

8300

Central Office

SAE-GW

EPC Site

IP/MPLS

Baseband I/Q stream

Ethernet frame

HSN 8300

HSN 8500flexHaulTM Solution

HSN 8100

ls : CPRI trafficls : Ethernet traffic

GE

HSN 8300




14

KT to build GiGA IoT-based traffic signal control communication service03/16 | By CHRIS YOO ([email protected])

KT announced on March 16th that it will be building a

GiGA IoT-based traffic signal control system that can

control and monitor traffic signals remotely.

The new system, the first of this kind in Korea, will be

able to monitor the status of traffic signal controllers

every second through KT's LTE network.

Installing 100 new conventional traffic lights required

2~3 months of excavation and cabling construction

because traffic lights were connected, through a wired

network, to traffic signal control centers.

However, the new system requires no construction. All

it takes to remotely control traffic signals in real time is

simple installation of a dedicated communication

modem.

This not only can save installation and operation costs,

but also can minimize the failure duration when traffic

lights are not working, effectively preventing congestion

in advance. Also, it does not cause any damage to streets

or sidewalks, nor discomfort to pedestrians because

again it requires no excavation or cabling construction at

all. Also as a preventative measure against illegal

hacking, KT already enhanced its security by integrating

a security solution called Secure Sockets Layer Virtual

Private Network (SSL VPN), capable of encrypting

communication data, into the traffic signal control

system. n

Standard Traffic Signal Controller

KT LTE/WCDMA dual modem(IoT node)Traffic status data updated every second

GiGA FTTH

GiGA UTP

GiGA Wire

GiGA WiFi

Wired Access

GiGA Infrastructure

Key Requirements

Future Convergence Services

GiGA Platform

Life-EnhancingCare (Remote Healthcare)

Capacity

Next Generation Media (UHD, 3D

Hologram)

Capacity

Networked Transportation

(ITS, Smart Car)

Connectivity

Integrated Safety (Disaster, Public

Safety)

Connectivity

Smart Energy (Smart Grid, Building Energy

Mgt.)

Connectivity

EPON/10G-EPON

New Media IoT

Telco Cloud Big Data Analysis

Backbone(IP/MPLS)

Mobile Access

GiGA Path

GiGA LTE-A GiGA Wireless(5G)

Multi-band CA

LTE-WiFi CA

Wi-Fi AP

n New Spectrum (mmWave)n New RATn Massive MIMO

n Dense Hetnet

Control Data

n IoT

n D2D

1Gbps500M

1Gbps500M500M 300M 450M (≥2015)

300M (2015)225M

600M (2015)450M (2015)

dozens of Gbps (2020~)

Blue: Commercialized in 2014Red: Planned

KT's GiGAtopia(See “Korea big 3, getting

ready for 5G”, KCR Jan. 2015)

LTE WCDMA(Backup)

KT VPN Server

Sites(Local government)

KT Mobile NetworkIf LTE network fails,

WCDMA can back up.

Traffic Signal Control Center(Local government)

KT VPN Server

Traffic Signal Control Server

Traffic information center monitor room

KT

GiG

AIo

T Se

rvic

e

Source: KT

Traffic Lights




15

MODACOM announced

the development of

interworking technology

between oneM2M and

AllJoyn platforms 03/05 | By YUNHEE SON ([email protected])

MODACOM announced the world‟s first

development of interworking technology

between oneM2M and AllJoyn IoT

platforms and introduced it in Mobile

World Congress (MWC) 2015 held in

Barcelona, Spain during 2-5 March 2015.

The AllSeen Alliance made a significant

impact at Mobile World Congress 2015

which culminated in the all-day Partner

Programme track on Wednesday, March

4th to demonstrate Alliance thought

leadership at the intersection of mobile

communications and the Internet of

Things.

Sixteen member companies participated

in thought leadership sessions throughout

the day. Over 350 people attended the

Partner Programme which was standing

room throughout much of the day.

Dr. Yongjin KIM, CTO and EVP of

MODACOM, chaired a technical session

entitled “Standards and Interoperability:

Creating a whole that is bigger than the

sum of the parts” at the AllSeen Partner

Programme track. At the session he also

introduced the interworking technology

between AllJoyn and oneM2M platform

and showed how to amplify the synergy

effects by combining the two technologies

in IoT industry.

AllJoyn platform has been becoming

popular in IoT market but its

communication area is limited in proximal

connectivity environment. By the way,

oneM2M platform as an international

global standard IoT platform, has remote

monitoring, management and control

functionalities. However, oneM2M devices

are not shown in the market yet because

oneM2M specifications were published

recently.

The interworking technology developed

by MODACOM makes it possible for

AllJoyn enabled IoT devices to be

managed and controlled remotely by using

oneM2M platform technology.

MODACOM has been a member of

oneM2M and ETSI since 2011 for leading

the international standardization activities

the international standardization activities

on M2M and IoT. In particular,

MODACOM has introduced the

interworking technique between AllJoyn

and oneM2M at the 15th oneM2M

technical plenary meeting held in Miami,

USA on January 2015 and was welcomed.

MODACOM has a plan to produce IoT

gateway devices with the AllJoyn and

oneM2M interworking technology in the

market this year. n

DAVOLINK introduces

enterprise WLAN

controller and 802.11ac

AP at 2015 CeBIT in

Hanover03/27 | By CHRIS YOO ([email protected])

Davolink has introduced the its smart

802.11ac-based WLAN Controller and

Access Point at the 2015 CeBIT under the

brand name of SmartAirTM.

As society enters the BYOD era, more

and more individuals are using three or

more mobile devices, including mobile

phones, smart pads and notebooks, which

has significantly increased the number of

terminals accessing one AP from 10

terminals in the past to currently

approximately 40~50 terminals.

Within the KOTRA Korean booth in

CeBIT, Davolink installed the company‟s

SC-400 Controller and three units of

DVW-4038 APs to receive great reviews

by providing high-speed WiFi service free-

of-charge to the 34 participating

companies (150 participants). The

company achieved a significant PR effect

by stably providing WiFi services

equipped with the company‟s exclusive

technologies, AP load balancing and

Airtime Fairness,

airtime fairness, especially when

considering the difficulties that existed in

providing WiFi during the 2014 CeBIT

due to signal interference between APs

and increased traffic amongst users.

In addition, Davolink showcases the

performance of its 802-11.ac based Giga

WiFi product at this year‟s CeBIT. Despite

interference caused by various APs within

the expo, Davolink was able to achieve

download speeds of over 900Mbps on a

notebook and received great reviews from

audiences.

Davolink System Technology Team

Assistant General Manager Kang, Chang

Sik, who attended the conference,

explained the advantages of the product

by saying that “within large Expos like

CeBIT, stable WiFi is difficult due to the

cross signal interference caused by the

numerous APs installed by the event

sponsors and participating companies.

Even within such a wireless environment,

APs equipped with Davolink‟s exclusive

SmartAir wireless management feature

were able to provide stable WiFi service

at speeds of 700~900Mbps."

During the Expo, Davolink also

showcased a system management feature

that allows real-time remote monitoring of

operational conditions (number of

terminals, wireless interference level, AP

malfunction level) of WiFi sites in Korea

within the CeBIT site

Dr. Yongjin KIM, CTO and EVP of MODACOM, chaired a technical session of AllSeen Partner Programme, MWC15, and introduced interworking technology

DAVOLINK’s WLAN Controller& 802.11ac Access Point

WLAN Controller (SC-2000/400)

802.11ac Access Point




16

SK Telecom’s weather information system caught the visitors' eye

at MWC 2015 03/16 | By CHRIS YOO ([email protected])

within the CeBIT site using the company‟s

Smart Tunnel technology.

With regards to business references and

marketing, Assistant Manager Kang,

Chang Sik displayed strong confidence by

stating that “as of March 2015, our

company has over 50 controller-based

wireless solution references in Korea as

well as a customer who has developed a

system utilizing more than 1100 APs. In

the future, we will use Italy as our base to

aggressively market to new European

customers while cultivating new markets

in over 30 countries globally.” n

Juni-Korea, with Korea's

innovative small cell

technologies, knocking

on the door of the global

market03/31 | By STEVE SHIN ([email protected])

Small cell technology is starting to shape

up as a very attractive next-generation

income source in the LTE system market.

While many small cell vendors are fiercely

competing with each other, some Korean

vendors are drawing attentions from

many operators, with their extensive

experience in meeting comprehensive and

demanding technical requirements of

Korean telecom operators.

Juni-Korea, one of such vendors,

introduced its three main products at

MWC 2015: home small cell (JL-514),

enterprise small cell (JL-620) and outdoor

small cell (JL-740).

The home/enterprise small cell

products are designed to provide a high

speed LTE data service indoors, like home

and enterprise office. The outdoor small

cell solutions are intended to enhance the

coverage capacity of the conventional

macro cells or a small hotspot coverage.

What is interesting with Juni-Korea is

that it does not supply small cell gateway

(GW) itself, but

Cell site 1

IoT GW(3G)

Weather sensors Cell site

Cell site 1,100

3G

IoT PlatformWeather Information

Server (e.g. Korea Meteorological Administration)

Mobile Network

SK Telecom

Weather Information

API3G

Weather Information

Every minute, weather

information collected by the

sensors at cell sites is sent to

IoT platforms, via the mobile

network.

Today, there are over 1,100

weather sensors, located 1~3

km apart, across the cell sites

in Seoul metropolitan area,

collecting weather information

of higher precision and

accuracy than the Korean

Meteorological Administration

(KMA), which has only about

400 observation stations.

Unlike KMA, SK Telecom

has already had tens of

thousands of cell sites

nationwide, and thus requires

much less costs of leasing

installation sites.

In that regard, weather

information service would be

the IoT service that is best

suitable for mobile operators.

n

SK Telecom presented a

variety of fascinating IoT

services at MWC 2105. But,

the most fascinating of all was

Weather Pong.

Weather Pong is a real-time

weather information service

that installs dedicated weather

monitoring sensors and

communication modules (IoT

GWs) at cell sites, collects all

weather information (i.e.

precipitation, temperature,

humidity, atmospheric

pressure, wind direction, wind

speed, etc.), and provides it to

customers like Korea

Meteorological Administration,

etc.

Juni-Korea’s Outdoor Small Cell




17

(GW) itself, but instead provides

compatibility between its small cell

equipment and the GW systems from other

leading vendors, that are already used in

operators' LTE networks.

Serigio Domingo, Sales Director of Juni-

Korea, said, "We have already completed

interoperability tests with the small cell

gateway system of major LTE vendors

such as Ericsson, Samsung, NSN, Huawei.

We have been recognized for our

excellent product reliability and

compatibility, by many operators. And we

have supplied our small cell products to

KT in Korea, Telefonica in Latin America,

and Telstra in Australia. Currently, we are

checking with US Cellular in US for

possible sales opportunities." n

Kisan Telecom

introduced Korea's

advanced repeater

technologies in the world

market 03/27 | By STEVE SHIN ([email protected])

Despite the recent trend of capacity-driven

network paradigm (such as small cell),

repeater solutions, such as In-building DAS

and RF/ICS repeater, have been

continuously playing a large part in radio

network infrastructure, from 2G/GSM to

LTE. Particularly, Korean telecom

operators have preferred to deploy their

radio network infrastructure with a large

number of repeater systems across the

nation, to win the coverage/service battle.

And the fierce battle has apparently

made Korean repeaters more competitive

than those from other countries, in terms

of product reliability and practical

performance.

Kisan Telecom, one of the well-known

repeater vendors in Korea, introduced its

flagship solutions at MWC 2015: In-

building DAS, RF Repeater, and WiFi

products.

building DAS, RF repeater, and WiFi

products.

There are two types of In-building DAS

solutions available from Kisan Telecom

depending on antenna cabling types (RF

coaxial or UTP cable): UTP-based and RF

coaxial-based in-building systems.

The person who presented Kisan's

solutions at the event noted that, of the

two, the UTP-based in-building solution is

more attractive because it can utilize

inexpensive UTP cables and POE (Power

over Ethernet) in connecting Antenna

Units (AUs) with a built-in module, which

are to be installed instead of conventional

in-building antennas.

Kisan Telecom has supplied for

Softbank Mobile (SBM) in Japan, and is

currently contacting KDDI and NTT

Docomo to expand its client base in

Japan.

Repeater is another type of radio

equipment. It repeats the radio signals

received from external base stations, and

delivers them to outdoor shadow areas

around buildings or small in-building

shadow areas. The presenter explained

that since RF repeater relays signals in the

same frequency, it is very important to

minimize the processing time (delay time)

of RF repeater to eliminate chances of

signal interference issues (ISI/ICI).

He also said that they made the repeater

system more enhanced by minimizing

processing time (reducing by nearly half),

from 4.7us (reference value for LTE radio

service) to 2.5us.

Kisan's WiFi products exhibited at MWC

2015 were an indoor Giga WiFi AP and

long-range WiFi backhaul equipment,

both complying with IEEE 802.11ac

technology. Unlike a typical WiFi AP, the

indoor Giga WiFi AP supports three

frequency bands - one 2.4GHz band and

two 5GHz bands - and is used for traffic

capacity upgrade in urban areas with high

traffic. Kisan has been supplying this

indoor Giga WiFi AP domestically and

globally (e.g. SBM in Japan).

The outdoor WiFi backhaul solution is

designed for a long-range backhaul

connection, to serve remote areas that

require low capacity, like islands. The

company confirmed that the backhaul

product operates as a couple between

end-points, and it has been tested over

40km distance. n

Infomark, to expand into

IoT market with the

launch of a wearable

device 03/27 | By STEVE SHIN ([email protected])

Infomark, generally well-known as "LTE/

WiMAX Mobile Router (Egg) vendor", is

transforming into an IoT device vendor,

supplying their new wearable devices to

SK Telecom.

At MWC 2015, the company introduced

a new wearable device for kids, called

"Kids phone Joon", which caught the

attention of MWC attendants. Kids phone

Joon allows parents to check the

whereabouts of their children, use other

voice call features to assure their safety,

and more. Currently Infomark is supplying

it to SK Telecom in Korea for its IoT

service, and the company is trying to

expand into global markets. Because of

the promising outlook of IoT market,

these types of wearable devices are

expected to get a spotlight globally.

In the meantime, Infomark will continue

to work on marketing/promoting of its

previously released LTE/WiMAX mobile

router that allows WiFi users to share

Internet connections around the mobile

router. The company has so far supplied

the mobile routers to over 30 countries,

and is expected to provide its LTE version

mobile routers to some major US telecom

operators in the second half of the year.

Finedigital unveiled a

radio signal monitoring

technology 03/27 | By STEVE SHIN ([email protected])

At MWC 2015, Finedigital introduced a

portable RF monitoring system (RIM-430)

that analyzes ultra-wide frequency bands,

interfacing with smart devices like

smartphone, laptop, etc. The eye-catching

point of the system is that RF field

engineers can utilize it in conjunction with

the GPS module built in the system and a

geographical map DB, to locate the

corresponding source, find the direction-

of-arrival of signal, and outline the

coverage of mobile communication

services. nKisan’s Giga WiFi AP Portfolio


WDM

CPRI

GE GPON

▶ Macro cell Fronthauling

▶ Small cell Fronthauling

▶ Small Cell Backhauling

Unified Mobile Fronthaul & Backhaul Solutions for LTE-A Hetnet: HFR’s flexiHaul Solution | S.M. Shin and Steve Shin

Unified Mobile Fronthaul & Backhaul Solutions for LTE-A HetnetHFR’s flexiHaul Solution

S.M. Shin ([email protected]) and Steve Shin ([email protected])

The past few years have seen smartphones rapidly gain popularity and become one of the most loved daily essentials, especially with all of their ever-advancing multimedia processing features. Due to these advanced technologies behind mobile devices, the size of contents (video, music, picture, etc.) that users can enjoy on the devices are growing bigger and bigger every day (e.g. for videos, resolution SD (480p) → HD (720p) → now Full HD (1080p), and encoding rates, 500Kbps → 1Mbps → 2Mbps → now 4~8Mbps). Because of this growth, data traffic in mobile operators' network is soaring, and will do even more so from now on. To handle soaring data traffic, operators have been making macro cells smaller, and this

has apparently left the operators with more cells to build and operate. To save costs in building and operating cell sites, a new architecture called C-RAN was introduced. It is also known as “Centralized RAN” or “Cloud RAN”. With this C-RAN, operators can simply leave all RRHs in their cell sites, but move only BBUs to a centralized location at central offices or master cell sites. C-RAN has drastically lowered the cell site cost (Capex/Opex), and has maximized the effects of CoMP and eICIC of LTE-A. This helps to improve not only the service quality, but also the LTE-A network performance. So, many operators have been actively employing C-RAN in their networks. Now that RRHs and BBUs are

remotely separated in C-RAN, a new network was required in order to deliver a huge volume of baseband I/Q streams between the two across CPRI or OBSAI link. Previously, both RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) and BBUs (Base Band Units) were located in eNBs, and the transport network between them eNBs and EPC was called backhaul. Now in C-RAN, these new CPRI and OBSAI networks are called fronthaul. The fronthaul network should be able to satisfy requirements under LTE layer protocol operation and under the CPRI specification. First of all, ultra-high transmission capacity (as high as 2.5 GMbps~10 Gbps) for delivering baseband I/Q data is required, and latency caused within equipment in the fronthaul network should be minimized to a few secs to maximize the distance between BBUs and RRHs. In C-RAN, RRH traces clock and removes jitter from I/Q streams received from BBU to generate the clock (CPRI/sampling/carrier frequency, etc) to be used in RRH system. So, the RRH system performance varies depending on the quality of the recovered clock. That’s why jitter has to be minimized in the fronthaul network, and the CPRI specification defines the maximum frequency accuracy budget as 0.002 ppm. Also, to guarantee the time/phase synchronization required in LTE-A (eICIC, CoMP), the CPRI time/phase synchronization should be strictly ensured in the fronthaul as well. So, we can say ensuring low latency and synchronization between BBU and RRH are the most important and demanding jobs for the fronthaul. There have been several ways to satisfy such demanding technical requirements. The best option would be using dark fiber. But the problem with this option is that it would only work for those who

Distributed RAN (D-RAN) Centralized/Cloud RAN (C-RAN)

CO

BBUAC

Power(UPS)

RRH

Base Station 1

AC

Power(UPS)

AC

Power(UPS)

Base Station 2

Base Station 3

RRHs(Outdoor)

CO

BBU

RRHs

RRHs(Outdoor)

CO

BBU

RRHs

RRHs RRHs

CPRI Traffic

•BBU, RRH, A/C, UPS (power), transport, etc. are all installed at cell sites (located in leased spaces) •High costs of lease, installation, utilities, and maintenance •IP traffic aggregated by backhaul network

•In C-RAN, BBUs at cell site are moved to A centralized location (e.g. CO).

•C-RAN has drastically lowered the cell site cost (Capex/Opex), and has maximized the effects of CoMP and eICIC of LTE-A. •A new fronthaul network was required to deliver a huge volume of baseband I/Q streams between BBUs and RRHs over CPRI or OBSAI interfaces.

Ring(Active WDM)

P2P(Active WDM, Passive WDM)IP traffic

CPRI Traffic

Backhaul Fronthaul (Dark Fiber) Fronthaul (WDM Network)

Figure 1. LTE RAN Trends: Migration to C-RAN and Fronthaul



19


Transponder

Muxponder

RXTX

RXTX

RXTX

MUX/De-MUX(Optical filters)

TXRX

TXRX

TXRX

RXTX

RXTX

RXTX

TXRX

TXRX

TXRX

RXTX

RXTX

RXTX

RXTX

λ1

λ2

λ3λ4

λ5

λN

λ6...

Active WDM (Wavelength conversion)

Passive WDM (No wavelength conversion, transparent)

Transponder

Muxponder


Colored SFPPort

TXRX

TXRX

TXRX

TXRX

RXTX

RXTX

RXTX

RXTX

λ1

λ2

λ3λ4

λ5

λN

λ6

...


TXRX

TXRX

TXRX


RXTX

RXTX

RXTX

TXRX

TXRX

TXRX

RXTX

RXTX

RXTX

TXRX

TXRX

TXRX

TXRX

λ1

λ2

λ3λ4

λ5

λN

λ6

...

λ1

λ2

λ3λ4

λ5

λN

λ6

...

Colorless SFP

Figure 2. Passive WDM vs. Active WDM

already have plenty of fiber, and others including most operators would have to lease it. And obviously this can cost a lot. For example, a network with LTE carrier BW of 20MHz, 2x2 antenna, 3-sector, 2 bands would require 6 RRHs in each cell site, which means 6 leased fibers in each cell site. The practical option is WDM. With WDM, just one or two fibers can cover tens of CPRI channels. So, fiber costs can be lowered, and high-volume transmission is possible. There are two types of WDM, passive and active (Figure 2). The best part of passive WDM is that it is inexpensive, and requires no power supply. Besides, little latency or jitter is caused, and so the distance between BBU and RRH can be maximized, without affecting LTE/LTE-A performance much. Active WDM is bidirectional (single fiber). So, dark fiber costs can be lowered. And by using Muxponder, the number of required λs can be minimized, which can further lower the fiber costs. What’s even better, operators can even monitor the quality of the fronthaul network by running a self loopback test on WDM units. But, one thing to note is that active WDM may cause latency and jitter, which

should be kept under certain levels.

HFR's WDM Solutions for Mobile Fronthaul and Backhaul HFR provides both passive WDM and active WDM solutions. Passive WDM enables operators to build a high capacity of C-RAN fronthaul with less cost. HFR also provides active WDM solutions called flexiHaulTM. What HFR’s flexiHaul solutions do is to fronthaul CPRI traffic and backhaul Ethernet traffic to a single aggregation network.

Passive WDM Solution

Passive WDM does not contain any active components like transponder, but instead is consisted of passive components such as add/drop filter, splitter. So, it is inexpensive and requires no power supply. Due to the lack of active components, passive WDM seldom causes any processing latency (excluding cable propagation delay) and jitter. Thus, it can maximize a cable distance between BBU and RRH, not affecting on the performance of LTE/LTE-A network. Consequently, operators can remove no need to perform interoperability tests with base station vendors. Passive WDM multiplexes optical input signals over a single fiber through WDM MUX, not converting a wavelength of an optic signal. An optic transceiver (i.e., SFP/Small Form Factor Pluggable) to be plugged into the customer’s equipment like LTE BBU/RRH should be tuned to the unique optical wavelengths (unit: nm) for TX and RX port respectively, referring to the pre-assigned wavelength/channel table. HFR’s passive WDM solution fully supports various features and options such as CWDM or DWDM, single fiber or fiber pair, protected or unprotected. In C-RAN, a physical failure like “Fiber cut” is likely to occur because BBU and RRH are placed tens of Kms away from each other. Inherently, passive WDM is consisted of passive components, so it cannot perform any switching function in itself. In order to complement the limitation, HFR provides a small optical switch as an optional part. The optical switch is attached to the forehead of passive WDM at RT (passive WDM at remote sites) in external or built-in type, providing two input ports (West, East) connected to COT respectively. The optical switch determines a route from RT to COT among the east and west direction. In addition, passive WDM also utilizes OTDR which can monitor a signal quality of optic cable by allocating a additional wavelength (1,625nm) for OTDR use.

Active WDM SolutionBasically, active WDM is also based on the passive components used in passive WDM, but unlike passive WDM it has the active components like transponder, muxponder, etc. added to the passive components. So, active WDM is relatively expensive compared to passive WDM and

RT

RT

COT

COT

RT

COT

BBU

BBU

BBU

OTDR

Optical Switch

Colored SFP

Colored SFP

Figure 3. HFR's Passive WDM Solution



20


Figure 5. Components of HFR's Active WDM Solution (flexiHaulTM)

HSN 8300 (3U)HSN 8500 (5U) HSN 8100 (1U) HSN 8110

requires a power supply for operation. Active WDM can convert a wavelength of optic signal by O-E-O conversion and then multiplex optic signals over a single fiber through WDM MUX. Unlike passive WDM, active WDM removes the need for the colored optic transceiver (i.e., SFP) tuned according to the pre-assigned wavelength/channel table for WDM transmission, utilizing a common colorless optical transceiver for customer’s equipment (i.e., LTE BBU/RRH). HFR’s active WDM solution is flexiHaulTM. What HFR’s flexiHaul series do is to aggregate (fronthauling) macro/micro/small RRH (CPRI) traffic, and aggregate (backhauling) legacy base station, compact base station (pico), and Wi-Fi traffic with this single aggregation network. HFR’s flexiHaul solution consists of the HSN series (HSN 8500/8300/8100/8110).

HSN 8500 models are installed in BBU pool sites, and support 40 λs and 88 CPRI ports. These models support the three CPRI service cards, i) transponder card that supports four CPRI ports (option 3/5/7), ii) Muxponder card that supports four CPRI ports (option 2/3), and iii) Muxponder card that supports two CPRI ports (option 5). And all three CPRI cards have been deployed in SK Telecom’s commercial network. Muxponder cards use one λ per card. So, fewer λs are required. And that allows HSN 8500 to aggregate RRHs at the maximum level. HSN8300/8100/8110 models are RTs installed at cell sites. You can find their specifications in Figure 5. The flexiHaulTM solution is a fronthaul solution using WDM, so has no capacity issue. One HSN 8500 RT can deliver CPRI traffic up to 180 Gbps. It has many excellent technical features HFR have

developed to minimize latency and jitter which can affect LTE/LTE-A. So, for example, in a ring with COT and RTs, a fronthaul end-to-end latency excluding fiber latency can be kept under 1μsec, and jitter can be kept under a few nsecs. More than 4,000 flexiHaulTM units are currently running in many commercial LTE/LTE-A networks. HFR’s flexiHaulTM solution offers extremely low latency and jitter. So, it can maximize the performance of LTE-Advanced features such as CoMP and eICIC, eventually improving the LTE-A service quality and network performance. These days operators are in fierce competition to attract customers. With HFR's solution, operators can prevent customer churn and attract new subscribers by providing better service quality than other competitors. HFR's ring protection within 50 msecs feature ensures any link failure is recovered instantly to minimize LTE service interruption. Not only that, operators can monitor the quality of the fronthaul link through BER and CV (Code Violation) of CPRI data that is being monitored in real time.

Implementing Mobile Fronthaul/Backhaul with HFR's WDM

Solutions Every operator has their own RAN architectures/scenarios they want, depending on their needs and resources (available infrastructure, future roadmap,

etc.). That’s what HFR’s flexiHaul solution is for. Because it supports many different RAN and fronthaul architectures. Table 1 depicts the fronthaul architectures presented by HFR. BBU pool is located at CO for the Full Fronthaul architecture, while it is distributed onto the master macro cell sites for Hybrid BH/FH architecture. In Integrated BH/FH architecture, HFR's WDM network aggregate both CPRI traffic form RRH and Ethernet traffic from 3G nodeB, small BS, or Wi-Fi AP. Operators should determine a proper WDM technologies and network architecture, considering available dark fibers, a holding and planning frequency for LTE, cell sites and COs, network evolution strategy, TCO and so on.

Small RRH

Small BSwith Wi-Fi

CPRI

GPON/GE

GE

Macro LTE RRH

BBU Pool

8300

Ethernet Backhaul

CPRI Fronthaul

CPRI

GE

SAE-GW

Macro Cell SiteSmall Cell

8500

8100

8300

Central Office

SAE-GW

EPC Site

IP/MPLS

Baseband I/Q stream

Ethernet frame

HSN 8300

HSN 8500flexHaulTM Solution

HSN 8100

ls : CPRI trafficls : Ethernet traffic

GE

HSN 8300

Figure 4. HFR's Active WDM Solution (flexiHaulTM)

HSN 8500 HSN 8300 HSN 8100 HSN 8110

Dimension (WxDxH ) 483x435x220 483x435x134 483x435x44.6 Outdoor solution

WDM CWDM/DWDM CWDM/DWDM CWDM/DWDM CWDM

No. of services cards 22 9 2 Outdoor solution

Max CPRI Ports 88 36 8 4

CPRI Option 2-7 Option 2-7 Option 2-7 Option 2-7

OBSAI 3.072/6.144Gbps 3.072/6.144Gbps 3.072/6.144Gbps 3.072/6.144Gbps

Ethernet 4 GE ports 4 GE ports 4 GE ports -

G-PON OLT 4 GPON ports 4 GPON ports 4 GPON ports -



21


Full Fronthaul Architecture In Full Fronthaul architecture, the BBUs are centralized at CO, RRHs (macro RRHs and small RRHs) at cell sites are connected to the BBU pool over CPRI interfaces. In this architecture, hundreds of RRHs are processed by a BBU pool, so the pooling effect is maximized.

effect is maximized. It is an optimal architecture to process LTE-A features such as CoMP and eICIC. HFR's active and passive WDM solutions enables the operators to implement various full fronthaul networks - all passive WDM fronthaul, all active WDM fronthaul or mixed

active WDM fronthaul or mixed configuration with active and passive WDM [Figure 6].

Hybrid BH/FH Architecture In Hybrid BH/FH architecture, the BBUs are centralized at master macro sites, RRHs (macro RRHs and small RRHs) at cell sites are connected to the BBU pool over CPRI interfaces. In this architecture, tens of RRHs are processed by a BBU pool. This concept describes the fronthaul network that is built from macro RRHs and small RRHs extending the macro D-RAN. The existing backhaul network to macro site is still utilized, and new fronthaul network is built based-on the D-RAN macro site.

Table 1. HFR's WDM Solutions for Various Fronthaul Architectures

Full Fronthaul Architecture

Hybrid BH/FH Architecture

Small RRH

Small RRH

Macro Cell

Macro RRH

Macro RRH + BBU

Integrated BH/FH Architecture Compact BS, WiFi Macro RRH

Fronthaul Architecture Small Cell HFR Solution

Active, Passive, Mixed

Active, Passive

Active

Figure 7. Hybrid BH/FH Architecture (Active WDM Case)

Figure 6. Full Fronthaul Architecture mixed with Active and Passive WDM Solutions

BBUs

CO

Hybrid BH/FH Architecture

Fronthaul

Backhaul

Marco RRHs

CPRI Connectivity

Small cell(Small RRH)

Macro cell

Master Macro Cell

Cell Sites CO/MTSO EPC Site

Access Router

BBU Pool

CPRI

RURURRH

RURURRH

RURURRH

Small RRH

RRH

Small RRH

RRH

SAEGW

8300

8100

8110

CPRI Fronthaul Ethernet Backhaul

Small Cell

Macro Cell

Active WDM

flexiHaul HSN 8300: Up to 36 RRHsRRH

RRH

... 8300

Backhaul

Master Macro Cell

Ethernet Backhaul

CPRI Connectivity

Full FH Architecture

CO

BBUs

Marco RRHs

Small cell(Small RRH)

Fronthaul

Backhaul

Macro cell

Cell Sites

Access Router

Macro RRH

Backhaul

BBU Pool

CPRI

RURURRH

CPRI

RURURRH

RURURRH

Small RRH

Small RRH

RRH

Small RRH

SAEGW

RRH

RRH

8300

8300

8300

8500COT

RT

RT

Passive WDM Active WDM

CPRI Fronthaul Ethernet Backhaul

CO/MTSO EPC Site

Small Cell

Macro CellRURURRH

RURURRH

flexiHaul HSN 8500: Up to 88 RRHsRRH

RRH

...

... 8500



22


The fronthaul network can be deployed with either active WDM or passive WDM solutions. Figure 7 shows an example of fronthaul network built from HFR's active WDM solutions (HSN 8300/8100).

Integrated BH/FH Architecture When a legacy operator builds an LTE network, there are already legacy 3G base stations in its cell sites.

stations in its cell sites. HFR’s flexiHaul RT units (HSN 8300/8100) accommodate 3G BSs through the GE interface, and connect LTE RRHs through the CPRI interface. That way, they can accommodate the two access networks in a single network. GE and GPON cards connect small cells (pico) or Wi-Fi APs. If no fiber is available in a small cell area

in a small cell area, operators can connect small cells by accessing microwave devices through the GE interface of HSN

series. HFR’s flexiHaul series aggregate (fronthauling) macro/micro/small RRH (CPRI) traffic, and aggregate (backhauling) legacy base station, compact base station (pico), and Wi-Fi traffic in Integrated BH/FH architecture.

Case Study - SK Telecom's Fronthaul Architecture & HFR's

WDM Solutions deployedC-RAN was initially proposed by China’s CM. But, it was Korean operators (e.g., SK Telecom) who actually commercialized it. And a fronthaul network, which made C-RAN work, was also commercialized by Korean operators for the first time in the world. HFR have deployed the flexiHaul solution in SK Telecom’s network since 2012, helping SK Telecom to build its nation-wide fronthaul network, in 84 major cities. 80% of the fronthaul networks were built with active WDM, and 50% of the units deployed were

HFR’s flexiHaul. n

Cell Sites

Access Router

Macro RRH (LTE)

BBU PoolCPRI

Compact BS

SAEGW

Ethernet Backhaul

CO/MTSO EPC Site

RURURRH

RURURRH

8500GPON

Wi-Fi

RURURRH

GE

GE

Compact BS

Wi-Fi

Active WDM

CPRI Fronthaul

Ethernet Backhaul

8300

Legacy 3G BS

GE

Legacy 3G BS

GE8300

GPON

8300

Legacy 3G BS

GE

Macro RRH (LTE)

Figure 8. Integrated BH/FH Architecture implemented with HFR's flexiHaul Solution

IP/MPLS

Macro RRH

BBU

BBU

Macro RRH

Master Marco Cell(Macro cell site with

centralized BBUs)

Rooftop

WDM

RURURRH

1. Small Cell BS (Pico/Femto)2. Wi-Fi

BS

10GE (Ring, P2P)

GPON

GPON ...

BBU Macro Cell Backhaul

Small Cell Backhaul(planned)

WDM ...BBU

BBU

Traffic from GPON

Small Cell Backhaul(planned)

WDM

WDM

IP/MPLS Router (ALU, Cisco, Juniper)

Legacy Macro Cell Sites è C-RAN

WDM

LAST MILEVERY LAST MILE

BS

BS

MAX 30 RRHPer RT

Tens of BBUs(connecting hundreds of RRHs)

A few BBUs(connecting

tens of RRHs)A few RRHs

CPRI Fronthaul (Active WDM COT &RT: HFR HSN 8500/8300/8100)

IP/MPLS/Ethernet Backhaul

CPRI

CPRICPRI

CPRI

CPRI

CPRI

Wi-Fi

LTEBS

LTE RRH

GPON

GPON1. Small Cell BS (Pico/Femto)2. Wi-Fi

Small Cell

EPC

SAEGW

Rooftop

# of CO » 400# of BBU Marco Cell » 300# of RRHs » 180,000

RT

RT

RT

COT

RT

RT

COT

LTE

C-RAN: Centralized/Cloud RANBBU: Baseband UnitRRH: Remote Radio HeadSCAN: Smart Cloud Access Network

GE

GEMulti-10GE

BBU

Trafficfrom GPON

GE

CO (SK Telecom’s office building)

RURURRH

RURURRH

RURURRH

BBU

RURURRH

RURURRH

RT

RRH

RURURRH

Fronthaul: Active WDM

Fronthaul: Active WDM

HSN 8100 (1U)

▶Fronthaul Technology of SK Telecom: Active WDM

▶Deployed Fronthaul Vendor: HFR

▶Deployed HFR Solution: HSN Series

HSN 8500 (5U)

HSN 8300 (3U)

Figure 9. The Fronthaul Architecture of SK Telecom and HFR's WDM Solutions deployed in SK Telecom


Korea Communication Review • April 2015 23


About HFR (www.hfrnet.com)HFR has been actively responding to the Cloud RAN market under LTE environment. We expect that our front-haul solution will become representative product in global equipment market. Also, HFR has been leading the high-speed internet equipment with the development for Giga Internet service area. Based on its competitive solutions in the wire and wireless communications fields, HFR is determined to become Korea’s leading network equipment company.�l Location and Contact Information5th floor, Hana EZ tower,10, 43gil, Seongnam-daero, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaTEL 82-31-712-7768 | FAX 82-31-712-7948 | E-MAIL [email protected] For more information, please visit us at http://www.hfrnet.com

HFR have been stabilizing and optimizing systems in

real commercial networks, and have accumulated

technical know-how for many years. And those

experiences and know-how are our biggest assets that

can make us ready to work any time. Our solutions are

not in the proof of concept (POC) step, but are fully

proven, ready to use. That’s what really put us ahead

of everyone else. We are the ONLY one who can

achieve the best time-to-market with the least trial

and error in building a fronthaul network.

Approximately 145,000 RRHs (80% of all LTE RRHs) are

connected to C-RAN fronthaul since 2011, and more

than 60% of the SK Telecom fronthaul is connected to

flexiHaul.

· Number of systems: about 4,000

· Number of 10G sub-rate muxponder cards: about

24,000

The interoperabilIty with leading RAN vendors has

been proven by field and/or lab. Tests in Korea, Japan,

China, Taiwan, Russia, Indonesia, etc.

· Ericsson LTE system

· Nokia LTE and 3G system

· Samsung LTE system

· Huawei LTE system

· ZTE LTE system

HFR have been supplying fronthaul solutions to SK

Telecom for large deployment, and also to Chunghwa

Telecom (CHT), a Taiwanese operator, who is expected

to have growing demand for large-scale commercial

network soon. Especially, Chunghwa recognized the

technological excellence and high reliability of our

solutions, and so HFR were selected as its sole vendor.

HFR’s flexiHaulTM Solution !

Why do we need antenna-integrated RRH? | In-Ho Kim ([email protected])



24

Background of Antenna-Integrated RRH

Mobile data traffic has been soaring ever since smartphones were first introduced and spread throughout the world. The traffic increase gave rise to faster introduction of 4G - well maybe too fast because now operators are having a hard time lowering costs of building and operating networks. In response, mobile base stations are being transformed accordingly. RRHs are more commonly used because they can minimize radio transmission loss by allowing radio parts, which used to be installed indoor, to be placed closer to antennas. Most RRHs and antennas today are placed pretty close to each other on a building's rooftop, tower, etc., but they still need a 2~3-meter-long connection cable between them to exchange signals with each other. As RRHs are moved out of a building and onto a rooftop, where only antennas used to be placed, operators are facing new challenges - securing space for a variety of products from different manufacturers that are run by different operators for different frequency bands, and achieving reliability of the frame structures where those products are mounted.

Particularly installing RRHs and antennas on building rooftops or small towers in big cities can be not only undesirable from an aesthetic point of view, but also an obstacle in building a network from operators' point of view. To solve these issues in distributed cell sites, antenna-integrated RRH solution was introduced.

Features of Antenna-Integrated RRH

In 2012, Ericsson introduced Antenna-Integrated Radio (AIR), the first of this type, soon followed by our Remote Radio Antenna (RRA), Huawei's Active Antenna Unit (AAU), etc. These types of antenna-integrated RRHs have the following four characteristics: Less signal transmission loss between antenna and RRHIn a conventional cell site, an antenna and RRH are connected usually with a 2~3-meter-long connection cable, and this contributes to transmission loss of about 0.6~0.7 dB. An antenna-integrated RRH solution however can eliminate this loss, resulting in more energy savings. Antenna-integrated RRH solutions from other developers may minimize the

length of connection cables, but still need a connection cable, short or long, to work. However, our Multi Semi Blind Mating (MSBC) solution can literally eliminate the necessity of a connection cable, consequently minimizing the transmission loss. Also it is the only solution that allows only the defective RRH to be replaced on the site. This RRH-replaceable solution is particularly helpful to RRHs that are intended to support multi-band frequencies (e.g. dual band, tri-band). For instance, let's say there is an all-in-one dual band RRH that supports both 1.8 GHz and 700 MHz. If 1.8 GHz RRH fails, then not only the failed RRH, but also the other working 700 MHz RRH has to be replaced. For this reason, some operators in Japan or Europe prefer onsite-replaceable solutions. We are currently developing a solution that will allow for onsite replacement of only the failed RRH. With this solution, any failed RRH can be easily replaced on the site without using any tool in just 3 steps. The key factors of this solution (Fig. 2) are :• Development of compact and light RRH

(2T4R, 12L, 12kg)• Multi Semi Blind Connection (MSBC)

solution• Special latch design

Why do we need antenna-integrated RRH?

In-Ho Kim, Head of AAS group, KMW ([email protected])

Figure 1. Antenna, RRH and jumper cable

at cell site

RRH

Antenna

Jumper Cable

Figure 2. RRA (antenna-integrated RRH solution by KMW)Remote Radio Antenna (RRA) is a brand name of antenna-integrated RRH by the author's company




25

Less CAPEX/OPEX burden on operatorsIn conventional structures, antennas and RRHs have to be installed separately, which means higher installation costs and more space to lease. On the other hand, an antenna-integrated RRH gives operators advantage of lower costs of installation and space lease because it only takes one installation of an antenna. So it is a very cost-efficient option when we think about the money that can be saved throughout the entire leasing period. Also, it is a smart space-saving solution to overcome limited lease space issues.

Reduction of physical load on frame structuresFrame structures on towers or rooftops of a building are affected not only by weight of the installed products, but also by wind loads. Because our new solution RRA allows RRHs to be attached right to the back of an antenna, wind loads on the face of RRHs can be eliminated. This can help to install more RRHs in limited space on towers or rooftops of buildings.

Development of eco-friendly structure and improvement of Passive Inter-Modulation Distortion (PIMD) qualityOne of the most common cell site structures that we find on rooftops or small towers of buildings in cities consists of antennas, RRHs and cables that connect the two. I personally believe these eco-friendly structures should be modified to be, at least, without any connection cable. What has satisfied this need the most so far would be Ericsson's AIR. Probably because Ericsson cooperated with a professional design consulting firm from the initial stage of the development, the company could end up with AIR - with a nicer and simpler design. Not much impressive reliability or price competitiveness, though.

Connecting an antenna with RRHs in a tower is a pretty demanding and dangerous job that can be done by only those with experiences. Improper connection by a less-experienced person can cause poor PIMD and waterproofing issues. When more than two frequencies are combined, a new unwanted frequency can be generated as a result of the synthesis of fundamental and harmonic waves of the two original frequencies. This distortion is called PIMD. Distorted signals detected within the receiving frequency band can affect the receiving performance of system. This is why PIMD is considered as an important factor in RF products. So, if we can just skip this whole troublesome connecting process, there will be no problem to take care of at all.

As discussed so far, the antenna-integrated RRH solution certainly offers features that can take care of the issues the distributed cell sites have. However, the concept of the integrated solution – moving RRHs next to an antenna, where replacement of failed RRH(s) can be tricky - has been a concern, particularly to operators who tend to be conservative unavoidably. Operators have once had a similar concern. During the transition from the conventional cell site to the distributed cell site structure, they were worried about moving radio parts (filter + amplifier) up to towers, again where replacement can be tricky. Today, RRHs are commonly used in LTE networks, and the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) issue has also been improved as more advanced production technologies and parts have become available.

Outlook for the Antenna-Integrated RRH Market Figure 5 shows the EJL Wireless Research’s forecast of the antenna-integrated RRH market. The market is expected to continue to grow after 2015. KMW is also planning to supply our products in the US market starting 2015.

Figure 3. RRA tower (less wind load in the back of antenna)

“We don’t have space on the tower anymore” (T-Mobile)

“We have difficulties of site build” (France Telecom)

Figure 4. Connecting antennas and RRHs

(not an easy job!)

Figure 5. Antenna-integrated RRH

(Semi-Active Antenna) market forecast




26

• A Head of Active Antenna System (AAS)

Group at KMW's RF Research Center for

R&D of antenna and RF radio

• Research/development fields: Active

Antenna System, RF Radio (Antenna, RRH)

• Research interests: Beam forming

Calibration, Small-cell, Massive MIMO,

Thermal and Light Weight material

architecture

Installation Issues in the Small Cell MarketDiscussion on installation of small cell base stations (except DAS), as well as macro cell stations, has also begun. While macro base stations can be installed in towers or on rooftops, small cell base stations are usually installed in places that can be easily spotted, like on street lights, bus stops, 2nd or 3rd floor of buildings, etc. And the number of small cell base stations to be installed is likely to be greater than that of macro cell base stations.

To address this, lots of converged/integrated solutions are being introduced. The two most noteworthy solutions are KMW's Green Cell and Ericsson's Zero Site, both of which features a small cell base station that can be installed on a pole with energy-saving LED street lights.

The biggest benefit of these solutions is that they can improve street landscape by minimizing the appearance of all these IT equipment and eliminating all the messy cables (CCTV option available in Green Cell). There are some challenges facing these solutions as well. Installing new street lights with small cells is a quite expensive procedure. Besides, the solutions and their installations have to satisfy all the conditions under the relevant laws and regulations. Given that, it would take some time until they can be finally

implemented. Nevertheless, if we can somehow make them run on renewable energy, which happens to be one of my research areas, independently from the central energy source, they can actually be a feasible and useful idea in future urban planning.

A number of feasible ideas on small cell solutions have been shared. I personally believe that the No. 1 priority in small cell solutions should be design or convergence. That's because people do not like to see untidy and messy cables hanging off street lights or buildings, and thus operators are likely to face more challenges and restrictions when installing small cell base stations than when installing macro cell base stations. Anyway, the most practical approach for now would be an all-in-one solution similar to macro cell, which would not be easy due to limited installation spaces for the foregoing reasons. A Japanese operator has requested for a solution to this issue. Another possible approach would be installing RRHs somewhere that cannot be easily spotted, like behind signs or frame structures. However judging from my own experiences of conducting eco-friendly researches, it is less likely that operators would love the idea because of high costs required for product lineup, installation and management. For me, the keywords are naturalness and convergence. With a simpler design and softer light, we can make the small cell hardware platform not look like a typical communication device. Furthermore, we can add more features like street light, CCTV, beamvertising, etc., transforming it from a conventional mono-function platform into a useful multi-function platform. More interesting ideas can be brought up to help operator to build up a positive brand image. n

Figure 6. Street light-integrated small cell solutions

In-Ho Kim

([email protected])

Head of AAS group

KMW

(http://www.kmw.co.kr/

eng/index.html)

Figure 7. Radio Bank (KMW Small Cell Hardware Platform)



B2C IoT services available from Korean operators (right green box: commercialized service)

Category Services Description

SK Telecom

Smart FurnitureUsers can use the Internet, listen to the radio, search for news or recipes, food prices and the weather, and even make a phone call using the touch screen on their furniture, such as dressing tables and cabinet doors.

C

Smart Mirroring Mirrors smartphone or tablet screen onto TVs or larger screens using Wi-Fi network.

Play With (Ballpark)

Provides smartphone users in a ballpark with various location-based information on events at the ballpark, promotions at shops, etc. in real time, by using Beacon devices installed at the ballpark and related IoT platforms.

Solar SkinSolar-powered smartphone charging case that uses light to generate electric current to charge a smartphone battery.

C

EntertainmentSmart Audio Linkage (FLAC)

Portable Wi-Fi speaker capable of supporting a high quality music files such as Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC).

Smart HomeRemotely switches on/off and controls all home appliances/devices through the IoT platform/network (1. Air-purifier/air-conditioning/refrigerator, 2. Boilers/door-locks/ dryers).

Smart Beam HDSmall sized projector built with laser technology to project a high definition and brighter image.

C

Safety T kids Phone JooN

Allows parents to check the whereabouts and safety of children through the information transmitted from the wearable 3G phone of their children. Offers child safety-related features like emergency calling, SOS notification, real-time location tracking and Safe Zone setting.

Electronic AnkletKeeps track of sex offenders' whereabouts in real-time via an anklet with built-in sensor they are wearing.

C

C

PointCam Monitors CCTV footages recorded at remote sites in real-time via smartphone or PC. C

C

C

Health TelecareRemotely monitors activities of the elderly living alone or the severely disabled by using HD cameras, and sends alerts in case of fire, gas detection, emergency calls, etc.

Smart BandWearable watch that notifies users of incoming calls, SMS/MMS, emails and SNS updates, but also provides fun features like physical exercise and health-care for users.

Smart Hearing AidBluetooth earset that provides basic earset features plus a four-channel hearing aid feature for people with hearing loss.

Life T-Car

Provides T-car service users (drivers) with vehicle-related information on their smartphone for easier maintenance using a wireless modem (3G, LTE) and a controller built into vehicles. The users can start their car remotely using T-Car app downloaded on their smartphone.

C

Eggo-Mate Personal assistant service that arranges/organizes events, meetings and schedules and even sends messages on behalf of a user.

Smart ShopperAllows users to just scan the barcodes of desired items using a scanner instead of actually putting them in a cart, and pay at once at a kiosk. Extra service like home delivery of purchased items may be available too.

Smart StampAllows users to get electronic coupons or have reward cards stamped on their smartphone, and use them just like real printed coupons and cards.

ShopkickProvides shoppers with various shopping information related to nearby stores (like coupon, discount, rewards) on their smartphone as they pass by.

C

C

Bike Solution (LBS)Provides IoT-based integrated bike management services, including i) theft/loss prevention service, and ii) registration/management service, through a built-in Beacon sensor.

C

C

C

Smart Credit CardSaves information of many credit cards onto one *BLE-enabled electronic card so that card holders can make payment using the card without having to carry all the cards. *BLE: Bluetooth Low Energy

C



28

B2C IoT services available from Korean operators (right green box: commercialized service)

KT


Health Home FitnessChecks and provides statistics on speed, distance, and calories burned, by using sensors built into sportswear, sports shoes, training machines, etc., and connectivity options like IPTV set top box, smartphone.

C

Yodoc Portable self-diagnosis urine analyzer for self-checkup at home. C

Smart AirMonitors indoor air pollution levels and sends pollution alerts through interworking with an external IoT big data platform. Controls the IoT enabled air-cleaning system accordingly.

Home IoTRemotely switches on/off and controls lights and plugged-in appliances using the IoT platform at or away from home. Helps to conserve energy over time by preventing unnecessary power usage.

TapSignUnlike conventional E-commerce, this service allows a credit card company to authenticate an e-commerce transaction on a smartphone (NFC enabled), simply by placing a "Tap Sign" credit card (RF IC chip inside) on the smartphone.

Safety U Secure Service Alerts parents or caregivers if a child leaves the designated safety zone. C

Entertainment Giga SoundQualcomm's "Allplay" technology-based music service. It enables an IoT based wireless speaker to play thE music (supporting FLAC) that is being played through a music app on smartphone (e.g Genie service) via a wireless IoT network.

C

Emergency Safety Care Services

Sensors installed at home detect any emergency situation of the elderly living alone or the severely disabled, sending alerts to their designated caregivers as needed.

C

Life Smart DoorlockUnlocks a door using an NFC-enabled smartphone that has a mobile key stored into the USIM card. Apps for issuing mobile keys are available from operators at charge.

C

Smart Mirror

Senses IoT users' movement through D2D technology, and displays various information (weather, temperature, traffic and etc.) on the mirror by interworking with an IoT platform. Can also displays personal digital albums (photo/video) and SMS messages as well.

LG U+

Life Home ManagerRemotely switches on/off and controls lights and plugged-in appliances using the IoT platform/network (interworking home appliances: Gas lock, smart bulb, smart plug, dOor lock, door view, Air-conditioning, refrigerator).

Health Smart Healthcare IoT-based spiral health care solution (posture control, correction, etc.).

Magic MirrorPrecisely diagNoses skin conditions through the magic mirror equipped with a special camera and display, offering various skin care solutions.

Car LinkDisplays services and features on smartphone in the display/screen in a vehicle (connected car)

C

Safety LTE BlackboxIn case of accidents, LTE blackbox installed in a vehicle of a nursery/kindergarten automatically sends recorded data to LG U+'s control server through LTE network, while alerting an related administrator and parents.

Home CCTV MomcaRemotely monitors children's academic and daily activities at nursery/kindergarten in real-time through CCTV.

C

Gas LockRemotely checks and turns off the gas valve from anywhere using a smartphone, and also features overheat alert, automatic lock, timer setting, etc.

C

C

C



29

B2B LTE DronePerforms HD video transmission and real-time control using LTE modem-equipped drones: broadcasting, fire, military area

C

Digital Tachograph (DTG)

Records and sends driving information of a vehicle, such as location, distance to the control center, etc., by using DTG (Digital Tachograph) system and a wireless modem in the vehicle.

C

LTE CCTV Monitors activities at remote sites in real-time on CCTV through LTE network.

MOSRemotely monitors and controls the status of facilities and equipment in a big building complex, factory, plant, etc.*MOS: Monitoring, Maintenance and Management Operating System

C

Smart EnergyMeasures, analyzes and manages the amount of energy consumed by corporate or individual person.

Bus Stop ShelterProvides bus passengers with various information and advertising service through media outlets at bus stop shelters (partnered with KT media hub).

Eco Food BinKeeps track of the amount of waste discharged in an individual RFID built-in container, and delivers the information to the main system of “Korea Environment Corporation (KECO)” for billing.

Smart VotingIssues voting papers for remote voters through smart voting terminals installed by the Election Authority.

C

SK Telecom

B2B Smart DTGRemotely collects and transmits DTG (Digital Tachograph) information of vehicles through a wireless communication module (GPS-embedded).

Smart Eco-drivingOffers cost-efficient driving solutions for commercial vehicles (cargo, bus, etc.), supporting features such as real-time location/operation reporting, DTI, eco-driving information, travel route/tracking.

T Smart FarmProvides diverse remote control features for indoor/outdoor farms through IoT/M2M infrastructure (open/close water, turn on/off heater, pesticide application, CCTV footages).

Smart Fish FarmMonitors the growth and health of fish (eels), measuring the quality of water in the eel fish tank.

C

Beacon-based LBS Platform(Beacon+Glass)

The Beacon-based LBS helps workers to easily trace accurate locations items/products, and the Smart Glass transmits videos captured at sites to the control center, by combining Beacon with Smart Glass platform.

CLOUD BEMSMonitors/analyzEs/manages energy usage in building facilities through a cloud-based BEMS (Building Energy Management System) for energy-saving.

Wireless ATM Service Provides the existing ATM service with a wireless connection using LTE router.

B2GTraffic Signal Control Communication Service

Monitors the system status information of the traffic signal controllers remotely through a built-in LTE modem, minimizing traffic jams caused by traffic system errors.

C

B2G Weather PlanetProvides high-resolution weather information collected by AWS (Automatic Weather Stations) located at SKT’s base station sites.

Lake Water Monitoring

Monitors the quality of lake water and sends the collected data through a wireless modem.

LG U+

B2B Smart LockerEnables operators to check the conditions and status of the automated locker systems in subway stations in real time, by using LTE router device. Also, the systems can be upgraded and managed effectively through wireless connection.

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

B2B IoT services available from Korean operators (right green box: commercialized service)

KT


Netmanias Interview with KT at MWC 2015

KT's Demonstrations of LTE-H and LTE-U

Dr. Michelle M. Do and Dr. Harrison J. Son ([email protected])



30

At Barcelona's Mobile World Congress (MWC) 2015, KT

demonstrated a variety of new 5G, Hetnet and IoT technologies

and services (see table 1, p. 33). Of all those presented, below we

will focus on our most interested topics, WiFi-related pre-5G

technology, LTE-Hetnet (LTE-H) and LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U),

and see how they were demonstrated.

5GHz WiFi AP operates with 40MHz. The mobile

device can simultaneously receive data from LTE

RRH as well as WiFi AP.

In the LTE-H demonstration, link aggregation

was performed between BBU and UE on Packet

Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. On BBU's

PDCP layer, PDCP scheduler classifies PDCP

packets into two groups - destined for RRH and for

WiFi AP. Those destined for RRH are delivered

through CPRI interface as conventionally done,

whereas those destined for WiFi AP are delivered

through Ethernet.

Unlike conventional APs, the WiFi AP used in the

demonstration is aware of PDCP.

LTE-Hetnet (LTE-H)KT successfully demonstrated LTE-H, LTE-WiFi

Link Aggregation, for the first time in the world, by

using Samsung's LTE base station and WiFi AP,

and Qualcomm's modem chip for mobile devices.

As seen in Figure 1, the new LTE-H achieved a

speed higher than 600Mbps.

LTE-H is a link aggregation technology that

combines two different radio access technologies

(RATs) - LTE and WiFi - while the conventional

carrier aggregation (CA) in LTE-A combines

multiple LTE carriers. This new technology enables

a device to use both LTE and WiFi networks

simultaneously, and so it can significantly enhance

speeds by combining two networks' best achievable

rates.

In the demonstration, a total of 600 Mbps - 150

Mbps from LTE and 450 Mbps from WiFi AP - was

achieved.

With LTE-H, a base station collects from AP the

information on the signal received strength

between a device and WiFi AP, and automatically

controls (i.e. turns on/off) WiFi connection. That is,

whether to use both LTE and WiFi or just LTE is

the network's decision, not a user's decision.

[Network environment demonstrated] KT's demo

was run in cooperation with Samsung and

Qualcomm. The architecture of KT's commercial

RAN is Centralized-RAN (C-RAN) architecture.

So, in the demonstration, the same C-RAN

architecture was used for the base station,

separating Baseband Unit (BBU) and Remote Radio

Head (RRH) from each other.

An 802.11ac-based GiGA WiFi AP is also used.

BBU and RRH are connected through Common

Public Radio Interface (CPRI) interface, whereas

BBU and WiFi AP are connected through gigabit

Ethernet interface, which seems pretty interesting.

The 1.8GHz RRH operates with 20MHz and the

CPRI

LTEmodem

Wi-Fimodem

GE

LTE

802.11

Device Qualcomm

Wi-Fi APSamsung

600Mbps

Macro RRHSamsung

BBUSamsung

40MHz@[email protected]

150Mbps

450Mbps

EPCSamsung

LTE-H (LTE-Hetnet)

5GHz(Unlicensed)

Wi-Fi: 477.5MbpsLTE: 146.6 Mbps

Figure 1. KT's LTE-H demonstration at MWC 2015

KT's Demonstrations of LTE-H and LTE-U | Dr. Michelle M. Do and Dr. Harrison J. Son ([email protected])



whether each packet is to be delivered through WiFi

or LTE, which is practically impossible. The only

possible way would be for BBU, which determines

whether packets go through WiFi or LTE, to do

packet accounting and inform P-GW or charging

server.

However, there is no standard concerning this,

yet. So quite a lot of technological and policy-

related issues can be encountered when actually

commercializing LTE-H and determining WiFi

packet charging policy.

[Issue 2. How do we connect DU and WiFi AP?]

BBUs are mostly located at major Central Offices

(COs) while APs can be anywhere (typically,

hotspots). Then how can we connect them? (where

the GE lines are required)

LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U)Another new aggregation technology KT showcased

with Samsung and Qualcomm was LTE Unlicensed

(LTE-U, or Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) as

defined in 3GPP). LTE-U is LTE CA between LTE

licensed and unlicensed bands. As seen in Figure 3,

LTE-U achieved almost 450 Mbps at the

demonstration site.

[Network environment demonstrated] As in LTE-

H, KT showcased LTE-U in cooperation with

Samsung and Qualcomm. The LTE base station was

provided by Samsung, and the modem chip for the

mobile device was provided by Qualcomm.

Again, the architecture of the LTE base station used

in the demonstration is C-RAN architecture, and

hence BBU and RRH are separated from each

So it can convert PDCP packets received from BBU

into 802.11 frames and forward them to UE. The

UE, upon receiving PDCP packets from both RRH

and WiFi AP, aggregates the PDCP packets on

PCDP layer and forwards user IP packets to the

upper layer.

According to a person from KT who conducted the

demonstration, although link aggregation was

demonstrated only on PDCP layer this time, the

company is currently considering possible link

aggregation on RLC level as well. He also confirmed

that many different deployment scenarios,

including macro/small RRH, are being reviewed

now.

Of all Korean big 3 operators, KT has the most

extensive hotspot WiFi sites, and it has also built a

dedicated backhaul network that connects all GiGA

WiFi APs installed at each site with 1GE. KT plans

to operate a trial LTE-H network that supports

giga-class speeds at its hotspots across the nation

through interconnection between the LTE-H

network and its extensive WiFi network, by the first

half of 2016.

[Issue 1. Once LTE-H is commercialized, will WiFi

service remain free?] Today, WiFi service is free but

LTE service is a pay-per-packet (volume-based

charging) service. In case of LTE service, P-GW is

in charge of packet accounting by user. But with

LTE-H, if a user downloads some data, then the

amount of data downloaded through WiFi should

not be charged because it is free. To determine the

amount of data to be charged, P-GW must know

Figure 2. Link aggregation by LTE-H demonstrated at MWC 2015


EPC

IP packetsGE

I/Q streamCPRI

RRH

802.11ac

RLC

LTE

User IP packets

25 4 3 1

BBU

WiFi

PDCP scheduling

[email protected]

150 Mbps

40MHz@5GHz

450 Mbps

600Mbps

PHYMAC

Wi-Fi AP(802.11ac )

UE

4 3

2

5

1

IP

25 4 3 1

Link aggregation

WiFi

LTE

PDCP-aware

RLC

MA

CP

HY

Ad

ap.

RLC

PH

YM

AC

2 1

45 3

PDCP

PD

CP

Adap.RLC

PHYMAC

LTE

CPRI

LTEmodem

LTEmodem

CPRI

LTE

Device Qualcomm

Small RRHSamsung

450Mbps

Macro RRHSamsung

BBUSamsung

20+20MHz@[email protected]

150Mbps

300M

bps

EPCSamsung

LTE

LTE

LTE-U (LTE-Unlicensed)

5GHz(Unlicensed)

Figure 3. KT's LTE-U demonstration at MWC 2015



32

currently working on establishment of LAA

standards, is putting efforts to have Listen Before

Talk (LBT) supported when LTE uses unlicensed

bands, for peaceful co-existence of LTE and WiFi. n

other. BBU is connected to two LTE RRHs (licensed

1.8GHz RRH and unlicensed 5GHz RRH) through

CPRI interface.

The 1.8GHz RRH operates with 20MHz and the

5GHz RRH operates with 40MHz (2x20MHz). So

the mobile device can download data at up to

450Mbps through total 60MHz obtained by

aggregating 3 carriers.

LTE-U aggregates LTE carriers just like the

conventional LTE-A CA does, but it is different

from the conventional LTE-A CA in that:

i) it uses the unlicensed 5GHz band.

ii) the cell that uses a licensed band always works

as a primary cell, and the one(s) that use an

unlicensed band work as secondary cell(s).

That is, mobile devices are always connected to

licensed bands, and unlicensed bands are used

supplementary only when SCells become activated

by PCell.

What makes LTE-U different form LTE-H is that

it uses LTE instead of WiFi in unlicensed bands.

The strong growth in LTE subscription/traffic has

imposed the burden on operators of acquiring

additional LTE frequency. Given the circumstance,

LTE-U is very attractive to operators because i)

unlicensed bands are free, and ii) LTE is more

frequency-efficient and more robust to interference,

compared to WiFi. But at the same time, there still

is an issue to be solved. Because WiFi has long been

using unlicensed bands almost exclusively, the

question of how LTE co-exists with WiFi is left

unanswered [1]. Especially, as WiFi is now handling

more and more voice/video services, there is an

inevitable, growing concern about possible

degradation in delay performance to be caused by

co-existence of LTE and WiFi. 3GPP Rel.13,

Figure 4. KT's LTE-U architecture demonstrated at MWC 2015


I/Q streamCPRI

I/Q streamCPRI

RRH

BBU

RRH

IP

25 4 3 1PD

CP

RLC

UE

User IP packets

25 4 3 1

Unlicensed LTE

Licensed LTE

Link aggregation

PH

Y1

.8G

PH

Y5

GP

HY

5G

MA

C

5GHz (20MHz)

5GHz (20MHz)

LTELTE

LTE

1.8GHz(20MHz)P

HY

5G

PH

Y1

.8G

PD

CP

RLC

MA

CM

AC

PH

Y5

G

EPC

[1] See “Debates on LTE-Unlicensed and WiFi” in Netmanias KCR (Jan. 2015 issue)



33

Figure 2. Link aggregation by LTE-H demonstrated at MWC 2015


Category

Table 2. Comparison of link level Carrier Aggregation technologies (LTE-A CA, LTE-H and LTE-U)

LTE-H LTE-U

CA level

Licensed

Link level (MAC layer)

Licensed

Link level (PDCP layer)

Licensed

Link level (MAC layer)

PCell

Single RAT (LTE only) Multi-RAT (LTE and WiFi) Single RAT (LTE only)

CA band

SCell Licensed Unlicensed (5GHz) Unlicensed (5GHz)

RAT

CA using licensed LTE bands CA using licensed LTE and unlicensed WiFi CA using licensed LTE and unlicensed LTE

CA Type

Macro Cell Small Cell

LTE-A CA

Wi-Fi APMacro Cell

LTE

LTEmodem

Wi-Fimodem

BBUBBU

LTELT

E802.11

5 GHz

SCell

5 GHz

PCell

LTE

Small Cell

SCellPCell

SCellLT

ELTE

LTEmodem

LTEmodem

BBU

LTE

Macro Cell

PCell

LTE

SCellPCell

LTE-WiFi Link Aggregation

LTE Network LTE NetworkLTE Network WiFi Network

LTEmodem

LTEmodem

Licensed band

Unlicensed band

WiFi band (5 GHz)

LTE Band 5 (850 MHz)

LTE Band 3 (1.8 GHz)

Category

5G Access 5G Pre-stage

Table 1. KT @MWC 2015

Technology/Service

LTE-HetNet (LTE-H)

LTE-Beyond (LTE-B)

LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U)

LTE-MTC (LTE-M)

LTE-DL/UL CA

Partner

Samsung & Qualcomm

Samsung

Samsung & Qualcomm

Nokia

Nokia

5G Infra

5G Innovation

5G Backhaul

5G UDN

mmWave System

Triple Mode Cell

10GiGA Internet

Ultra-Dense Network

Samsung

Broadcom

ubiQuoss

Ericsson

GiGAtopia GiGA Home Smart Air Care Service

Smart Home

Woogjin Coway

GiGA sound

Olleh GiGA home-fitness

IoT G/W

Smart mirror

KT Music

EunSung Healthvill

Qualcomm

Samsung

GiGA Shop Smart Shop Window (LET D2D)

TapSign (IC chip card NFC payment)

Samsung

VP Inc., BC card

GiGA School

GiGA Vote

Yodoc (smart analysis)

Voting System

beTOUCH

ChattingCat

NEONEXSoft, S-connect

NEONEXSoft, MEHUS

Anyractive

ChattingCat

Netmanias Interview with KT at MWC 2015

KT's Demonstrations of LTE-TDD9-carrier CA, LTE-UL/DL CA and triple mode femto




34

At Barcelona's Mobile World Congress (MWC) 2015, KT

demonstrated a variety of new 5G, Hetnet and IoT technologies

and services (see table 1, p. 33). Of all those presented, below we

will focus on our most interested topics, LTE TDD-related pre-

5G technology, LTE-B (9-carrier CA), LTE DL/UL CA and triple

mode femto, and see how they were demonstrated.

that combines 3 LTE-FDD bands (Band 1, 3 and 8),

supporting up to 300Mbps. Now, with this

demonstration, the company proved itself capable

of supporting 1Gbps through TDD CA (as claimed

through its marketing brand GiGA).

This time, multiple (9) carriers within one TDD

band were aggregated (intra-band CA). But, once

capable RF transceivers become available in the

market, multiple carriers can be aggregated across

multiple TDD bands (inter-band CA).

CA certainly is the most effective way of

improving user speeds and system capacities

through extension of radio transmission

bandwidth. The only downside is that it requires

more frequency to give higher speeds and better

capacities.

So far in Korea, LTE service has been

commercialized using FDD frequencies only. But,

over the next few years (by 2018), not only FDD

frequencies but also TDD frequencies are scheduled

to be allocated. Given that, the demonstration

seemed to serve well as an opportunity for KT to

show its readiness for provision of giga-class service

through TDD frequencies as well.

LTE DL/UL CAKT also showcased LTE-DL/UL CA, another LTE-

TDD technology, capable of aggregating not only

downlink (DL) but also uplink (UL). This

demonstration, conducted in cooperation with

Nokia (China), was the world's first "UL" CA

demonstration.

Unlike FDD, LTE-TDD system uses only one

carrier for both UL and DL transmission. The ratio

of UL to DL transmission in one radio frame

(UL:DL) is determined based on ratio

configurations. For example, in case of 20 MHz

bandwidth:

• with configuration 1, UL:DL=2:2 and max. UL/

DL speeds are about 20/80 Mbps.

• with configuration 2, UL:DL=1:3 and max. UL/

DL speeds are about 10/110 Mbps.

In the demonstration, two 20 MHz carriers in 2.3

GHz (Band 40) were aggregated (intra-band CA),

doubling maximum speeds in both UL and DL,

compared to one carrier transmission (UL: ≈40

Mbps, DL: ≈220 Mbps).

LTE-Beyond (LTE-B)KT, in cooperation with Samsung, implemented

LTE-B that aggregates 9 LTE-TDD carriers,

achieving 1Gbps (≈ 9x110Mbps) at the event. 3GPP

has defined in Rel. 10 that up to 5 carriers across up

to 5 bands can be aggregated, and now it is working

on CA enhancements to expand LTE CA up to 32

carriers in Rel. 13 that is currently under review.

Earlier in January, KT commercialized 3-band CA

KT's Demonstrations of LTE-TDD | Dr. Michelle M. Do and Dr. Harrison J. Son ([email protected])

LTE-B (LTE-Beyond)

TDDBand

(LTE-TDD)1Gbps

Intra-band CA

20MHz LTE Carrier x 9 = 180MHz

DeviceSamsung

RRHSamsung

20MHz20MHz20MHz20MHz20MHz20MHz20MHz20MHz20MHz

Figure 1. 9 intra-band CA demonstrated by KT and Samsung



35

cooperation with Broadcom, was the world's first

femto cell that can support LTE-FDD, LTE-TDD

and WiFi access all at the same time.

In the demonstration, the triple mode cell

operated with 20 MHz of FDD in 1.8 GHz, 20 MHz

of TDD in 2.3 GHz and 20 MHz of 802.11 WiFi in 5

GHz, allowing the mobile device to get download

speeds of 150 Mbps, 110 Mbps and 450 Mbps,

respectively through the three radio access modes.

Because it takes only one chipset to support three

different access modes, the triple mode cell

certainly has its merits: i) it is a space-saving

solution, and ii) it allows mobile devices with

different radio access modes to be served all at

once. Once TDD frequency is secured, the triple

In general, TDD has an advantage in that it allows

for optimized frequency utilization through

efficient handling of load balancing by dynamically

controlling UL-DL ratios. So, it can be very effective

especially when there is traffic burstiness, or when

providing service of which DL ratio is quite higher

than UL.

It seems KT through this demonstration wanted

to make itself become more responsive to traffic

variation by taking advantage of TDD CA in case

LTE-TDD frequency is acquired.

Triple Mode FemtoThe other LTE-TDD technology demonstrated was

triple mode cell. The triple mode cell, showcased in

Figure 2. LTE-TDD DL/UL CA demonstrated by KT and Nokia


CA applied (demonstrated), 40MHz

DL Speed ~ 160 Mbps ~ 220 Mbps

UL Speed ~ 40 Mbps ~ 20Mbps

Config. 1 (UL:DL=2:2) Config. 2 (UL:DL=1:3)

DL Speed ~ 80 Mbps ~ 110 Mbps

UL Speed ~ 20 Mbps ~ 10 Mbps

LTE-TDD Throughput

20MHz

20MHz 2.3GHz Band(LTE-TDD)

Intra-band CADeviceNokia

BSNokia

20MHz

20MHz

D D D U D D D U

D D D U D D D U

time

f1: 20MHz @2.3GHz

f2: [email protected]

...

...

freq.

f2

f1

Configuration 2 D220 Mbps 20 MbpsU

D D U U D D U U

D D U U D D U U

time

f1: 20MHz @2.3GHz

f2: [email protected]

...

...

freq.

f2

f1

Configuration 1 D 160 Mbps 40 MbpsU

LTE FDD: 77.8 MbpsLTE TDD: 54.2 MbpsWi-Fi: 100.5 Mbps

Triple mode femto

Broadband

Wi-Fi LTE-FDD

LTE-TDD

Triple mode femtoBroadcom

LTE-FDD

LTE-TDD

WiFi

TDD: [email protected]

FDD: [email protected]

WiFi: 20MHz@5GHz

77.8 Mbps

54.2 Mbps100.5 Mbps

Figure 3. Triple Mode Femto Cell (LTE-FDD, LTE-TDD and WiFi) demonstrated by KT and Broadcom

TDD, 20MHz

Co

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Ca

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Infrastructure Services

CD

NT

ran

spa

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ach

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IMS

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protocols

Analyze trends, technologies and market

ReportTechnical documents

BlogOne-Shot gallery

AnalysisConcept DesignDRM

NETMANIASTM

••• We design the Future

NMC Consulting Group Co., Ltd.

• 2F, Namyeong Building 730-13, Yeoksam-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-921, Korea

• 3832 NE 88th Street Seattle, WA 98115 USA

• e-mail: [email protected]



36

mode cell is expected to be commercialized right

away, enhancing indoor radio communication.

KT has been trying to convert the purpose of its

2.3GHz band from WiBro (Mobile WiMAX) to LTE-

TDD. If everything goes well, KT will be able to

acquire LTE-TDD frequency. The demonstration

seemed to reflect KT's keen desire to expedite the

process of converting WiBro into LTE-TDD

purpose.

Ever since the LTE-FDD service (with 10MHz)

launch in July 2011, Korea, with the highest LTE

penetration rate in the world, has been leading

development of LTE technology/service, for

example, through the world's first

commercialization of three new services: LTE-A

(10+10MHz), Wideband LTE-A (20+10MHz) and

Tri-band LTE-A (20+10+10MHz) services.

However, due to lack of available frequency, all

Korean big 3 operators have had a hard time

developing more advanced LTE technology with

enhanced speeds and service quality.

To address this issue, the Korea Communications

Commission (KCC) and the Ministry of Science, ICT

and Future Planning (MSIP) announced the

“National Mobile Broadband Plan” for allocation of

additional frequencies. As the plan includes

additional allocation of not only FDD but also TDD

frequency, LTE service is expected to be

commercialized through TDD as well.

Therefore, for continuous development of more

advanced LTE technologies, efforts to get ready for

LTE-TDD as well as LTE-FDD should be made. In

that context, KT seemed to make such effort

through its demonstrations using LTE-TDD. n


The number of managed APs

Self Authentication

RF resource management

Self Healing

Fast Roaming

802.11ac support

Section

HA cluster

DVW-504XH802.11a/g/n802.11ac(wave-2)

23dBm4X4 MIMOExternal/Internal

802.3at orPoE 12VDC

2 30W

Wi-Fi Total Solution leading future mobile networks world

New WLAN standard 802.11ac, GIGA WiFi

Main function

• 802.11ac,Giga WiFi

• 2.4GHz/5GHz dual band

• Management to 802.11ac AP as well as 802.11a/b/g/n AP• L2/L3 Seamless Roaming for mobility• WLAN resource management with AP - Auto channel configuration, Auto power control - Coverage hole detection, Self healing - Load banacing, Band steering(5GHz priority selecting)

• Security & QoS - Protection from wireless threat (DoS attack, TCP SYN flooding) - Bandwidth control by service, SSID and station

• System Redundancy (1+1, primary/secondary or 1:N)

DAVOLINK Inc. 112, Beolmal-ro, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 864-7, Korea TEL +82-31-387-3240 www.davolink.co.kr

DVW-4034XH 802.11a/g/n802.11ac 23dBm

3X3 MIMOExternal

802.3atPoE

1Outdoor dual-band AP,High transmit power 24W

DVW-403XH802.11a/g/n802.11ac 23dBm

3X3 MIMOExternal/Internal2 24W

DVW-402XH 802.11a/g/n802.11ac

23dBm2X2MIMOExternal/Internal2 20W

DVW-412X802.11a/g/n80211ac

17dBm 2X2 MIMOExternal/Internal

2Indoor dual-band AP,Normal transmit power,175(H) x 175(W) x 45(D)mm

15W

EthernetPorts(1Gbps)

WirelessStandards

TransmitPower

Antennas Power Sources

Maximumpower consumption

BriefDescription

ProductModel

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

512 256 4096

X 7 Port X

SC-300 SC-400 SC-2000 Remarks

Security (wireless DoS attack protection)

Flexible ACL/QoS policy

PoE PSE (802.3at)

*`DVW-504XH is available in 4Q 2015

Indoor dual-band AP,High transmit power,225(H) x 225(W) x 45(D)mm

Indoor dual-band AP,High transmit power,225(H) x 225(W) x 45(D)mm

Dual-band Indoor/Outdoor AP supporting 802.11ac wave-2 technologyHigh transmit power

802.3af orPoE 12VDC

802.3at orPoE 12VDC

802.3at orPoE 12VDC

Netmanias Interview with SK Telecom at MWC 2015

SK Telecom's Fast Data Platform: T-PANI and APOLLODemonstrations of Pre-5G/5G Technologies at MWC 2015




38

SK Telecom at the Mobile World Congress (MWC) 2015

demonstrated its newest network operation platform for 5G

called “Fast Data Platform”, using two big data-based intelligent

operation platforms: T-Packet Analytics & Network Intelligence

(T-PANI) and Analytics Platform for Intelligent Operation

(APOLLO).

anywhere, by 2020.

To accommodate the ongoing drastic data traffic

growth, and ultra-high speed data transmission

expected in 5G, changes in network operating

systems have become inevitable. What if operators

cannot keep services that need different QoS

requirements, or the enormous traffic under proper

control? What if cells, which have become smaller

to ensure faster data transmission, cannot respond

to the fast-increasing traffic variation in the cells

quick enough? Apparently, the quality of user

experience will be degraded, and also network

operation can be at risk.

So, now a network operation platform should be

able to:

1. process the enormous amount of big data, which

has not been actually used much so far (big data

process)

2. analyze service quality that each user is

experiencing, in real time (real-time analytics)

3. efficiently control network resources for each

user to avoid quality degradation (user-level

optimization)

The company regards "Big Data + Real-time

Analytics" as the two key words of Fast Data. The

new platform not only efficiently processes “big

data” constantly generated in the network, but also

analyzes and optimizes them in real time,

addressing service degradation experienced by

users fast. So, it is expected to allow for user-level

optimization.

Then, let's find out what the background of Fast

Data Platform is? As of Q4 2014, monthly data

usage per SK Telecom subscriber increased by 36%,

compared to the last year. To catch up with the fast

growing high speed data usage, the company

launched 3-band LTE-A service in January 2015,

opening up a new era of 300 Mbps transmission.

SK Telecom should be able to expand to 5-band

once additional frequencies are acquired, and is

currently planning to commercialize a 5G network,

which will easily offer 1 Gbps speeds to its users

SK Telecom's Fast Data Platform: T-PANI and APOLLO | Dr. Michelle M. Do and Dr. Harrison J. Son ([email protected])

Figure 1. Growth in monthly LTE data usage per subscriber (source: SK Telecom)

3-band LTE-A service uses CA across three bands

– two conventional LTE bands, Band 3 (20MHz)

and Band 5 (10 MHz), and one '3G-converted-LTE'

band, Band 1 (10 MHz).

As of March 31, SK Telecom has 26,000 Band 1

(2.1 GHz) base stations nationwide, offering 3-

band LTE-A service to 85 major cities in the

nation. And if everything goes as planned,

another 5,000 base stations will be ready to

operate by August, further expanding the service

coverage.

T-PANI and APOLLO have already been playing a

large role in determining service coverage of the

current 3-band LTE-A (i.e. in deciding on locations

of 2.1 GHz base stations). These two platforms

are expected to be fully leveraged in operating

LTE-A/5G networks as well.



Network operation and management for 5G: Fast Data PlatformIn contrast to the conventional platform, Fast Data

Platform allows for 'user and service-oriented'

network operation and management, and network

optimization as well. Network optimization using

the new platform is three-fold, and includes: i) big

data collection, ii) analysis of the data and user/

service-oriented optimization by T-PANI and

APOLLO, and iii) enforcement of optimization

through cSON.

Big data can be collected from UE, RAN (base

stations), and core network. At UE, all events that

are occurring at UE are collected through an

application called "DIAG on Device (DoD)"

installed on the UE. At base stations, cell-level data,

signaling data exchanged between base station and

UE, and instantaneous variations (e.g. radio

measurements at UE) are collected. And finally at

core network, data relating to user bearer/service

are collected.

For example, RRC messages exchanged between

base stations and UEs alone are more than tens of

TB every day. And this massive data have been left

unused so far. The beauty of the new platform is

that, it can analyze this big data to identify

abnormality and problems, decide what to optimize

(e.g. service, user, cell, etc.), and perform

optimization on them. And then improvement

measures based on the optimization results are

enforced to base stations through cSON.

Conventional network operation and managementConventionally, network operation and

management have been focused on optimizing

performance of base stations. Network optimization

has been performed at cell level, by using vendor-

provided statistics of each cell. When O&M data is

generated from base stations, a vendor-provided

EMS collects it, processes it into statistics for

individual cells, and sends them to the centralized

Self-Organizing Network (cSON) server. Then the

cSON server uses them in optimizing the network

(EMS is not shown in the figure for simplified

illustration).

Data process is delayed while O&M statistics is

being generated. Because of such delay, the cSON

server can perform network optimization not in real

time, but only regularly or as scheduled.

Optimization in the conventional way is performed

at 'cell level', which makes 'user-level' QoE

management difficult. Besides, operators cannot

identify any QoE problems, which a user might be

facing, in time until the user calls the operator's

customer service complaining about it. So,

technically real-time QoE management is also

impossible, let alone user-level optimization.

SK Telecom has been operating cSON that it

developed, since its commercialization in 2012.

Mostly, cSON is used in neighbor optimization and

power control, and other cSON features, though not

very popular now, are expected to be used more

often in the near future.

Figure 2. Conventional network operation and management platform - cell optimization based on O&M data


CO (RAN)

BBU

cSON

2

Cell optimization parameters ㆍneighbor cell list ㆍmax Tx power etc

Cell 1

1 3Cell information ㆍeNB configuration

ㆍResource status

ㆍUplink interference

ㆍHandover report

etc

Analytics using cell informationCell level optimization

e.g., neighbor list optimization

1 Cell data collection

2 Analytics & cell optimization

3 Optimization provisioningCell 2

Cell 3



40

core network. Just to name a few, big data includes:

• Data collected from core network: bearer/service

data

- Network performance info: link utilization,

call drop ratio

- Call attempts, successful calls and usage index

per application

• Data collected from RAN (base stations)

- Base station/Cell information: eNB

configuration, Resource status, Interference,

Handover report, Fault status

- Signaling data exchanged between base

Even for users at the same cell, at the same location

or route, optimization is customized for each user

depending on their subscriber class, or the service

subscribed. This means, network resources are

more efficiently used, in a way that can improve

QoE of more users.

The optimization procedure by Fast Data Platform

can be summarized as follows:

1) Big data collection

The platform collects big data from UE, RAN, and

Figure 3. Fast Data Platform: optimized customization based on real time analytics of big data


CO

APOLLO Real-time User/Service Level OptimizationAnalytics using big data (from UEs, BBUs, core network)

T-PANI ㆍCustomer Experience Management

ㆍApp/Service Analytics

ㆍNetwork Monitoring

UE1: RRC signaling, Radio measurements

UE2: RRC signaling, Radio measurements

2

UE2: DoD data

Cell 1

Cell 2

Cell 3

Cell information

Cell 1:

Cell 2: ...

Service servers

Core servers (P-GW, MME,

HSS, etc)

UE1: Service and Performance Info

UE2: Service and Performance Info

21 Big Data Collection

UE Radio Access Network Core Network User Services

BBU EPC IMS

cSON

UE1

UE2

3 Optimization Provisioning

UE1: DoD data

Optimization Enforcement

Automatic Network Optimization

Mobile Network

UE1: Performance Info




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APOLLO: APOLLO collects and analyzes base

station-originated raw big data in real time, and

optimizes the performance of each base station (or

cell) and user. It processes raw data to obtain

statistics every 10 seconds, and automatically

detects abnormality based on history log, allowing

for real-time optimization as well as user-level

optimization utilizing QoE information. And it,

capable of predicting traffic variation and base

station performance, helps to minimize degradation

in base station and user performance. Followings

are some features of APOLLO and their intended

effects:

• real-time interference monitoring → automatic

interference avoidance

• detecting abnormality in fronthaul and radio

unit → automatic recovery

• real-time analytics of call flow and radio

environment → optimization of call processing

parameters

3) Optimization provisioning and

enforcement

Once APOLLO determines what to optimize

through problem analysis, and completes

optimization, improvement measures based on the

optimization results are enforced at base stations

through cSON. cSON offers the interfaces between

SK Telecom's Fast Data Platform and base stations.

When optimization provisioning by APOLLO is

completed, cSON enforces it into base stations to

adjust the operation parameters running on the

stations, so that the stations can operate with the

newly adjusted parameters from then on.

The greatest strength of Fast Data Platform is that it

can finally take advantage of quality measurement

data provided by UE (DoD app. to be accurate),

which has been unobtainable in the conventional

network operation and management system. To us,

DoD application works as a radio network quality

measurement tool added to UE, just like Speedtest,

Chariot, XCAL, etc. installed on UE. It enables

operators to collect i) quality of received radio

signals, ii) quality of download speeds, and iii)

quality of services (e.g. VoLTE) at individual UEs in

real time.

The size of cells is getting smaller, and the number

of base stations is increasing. As these trends

continue, measuring the operation quality of

increasing base stations using its current manpower

and measurement equipment will impose a greater

burden of operating cost on SK Telecom. Besides, as

station and UE: RRC messages for

connection establishment and handover

- Radio measurements at UE: RSRP, RSRQ,

CQI

• Data collected from UE

- Call events: out of service, dropped calls

(HD voice), etc.

- Mobility events: handover failure, cell

reselection failure, etc.

At UE, 'DoD' app is installed, and it reports all call/

mobility events occurring as well as quality of

received radio signals at the UE. According to a

presenter from SK Telecom at the event, as this

application, running in the background, requires

very little power, it has a minimal impact on service

quality on the user side, and also is most effective in

problem analytics. Because DoD became available

only on the relatively recent models like Galaxy S5,

G3, etc., DoD data has been gathered from not

many users, yet. But, as more and more devices

come with DoD these days, user-level optimization

will become more convenient and efficient in years

to come.

2) Real-time analytics and optimization:

T-PANI and APOLLO

T-PANI and APOLLO analyze the collected big data

in real time, identify problems to be handled,

decides what to optimize, and finally perform

optimization.

T-PANI: T-PANI manages networks, customers

and services systematically. It measures Customer

Experience Index (CEI), monitors app/service

status, and analyzes CEI and app/service status for

each service and region in real time. In case of CEI

degradation or service failure, any service quality

problem or system fault can be identified within

less than one minute from an E2E perspective. T-

PANI then provides CE and service status

information to APOLLO so that it can perform

user-level optimization. T-PANI consists of

following modules:

• Network Topology: supports network operation

• Application Service: responds to external threats

through monitoring and analyzing service status

• Customer Experience Management (CEM):

analyzes CEI and manages quality of customer

experience

- CEI per service (e.g. Data, HD Voice, CSFB)

- Nationwide CEI map

- Bad CE level in regions

- Customers with bad CE




42

more and more small cells are working indoors, measuring radio quality indoors will be another challenge

for operators. Given the circumstance, DoD can be a great solution for this challenge. With DoD

application, the company will be able to obtain radio network quality data from DoD UEs everywhere (Just

imagine there are 20 million DoD UEs across the nation, all constantly collecting DoD data).

DoD application will help the company to not only improve users' QoE through user-level optimization,

but also remotely detect any faults in the company's radio network in real time, by making the most of the

data collected by UEs, allowing for precision management of the network. The presenter from the

company noted, "After the Fast Data Platform deployment in our network, time required for detecting and

handling faults at cell sites has been drastically reduced." n


Figure 4. T-PANI screenshot

Figure 5. APOLLO screenshot

Figure 6. DIAG on Device (DoD) App

Netmanias Interview with SK Telecom at MWC 2015

SK Telecom showcased 5G Quantum Cryptography System at MWC 2015

Chris Yoo ([email protected])



At Mobile World Congress (MWC) 2015, SK Telecom showcased

Quantum Cryptography System (QCS) it had developed for

secure data transmission in ultra-capacity, ultra-high-speed

networks of 5G era.

SK Telecom showcased 5G Quantum Cryptography System at MWC 2015 | Chris Yoo ([email protected])

Unlike the traditional cryptography system that is

based on mathematics, QCS is based on quantum

physics. So it is 100% effective in preventing any

eavesdrop attempts as it generates secret keys using

photons.

Figure 1 shows QCS prototype consisting of a

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) server and 2-

channel encryptor. QKD enables one party to

produce a secret key at 10Kbps, share it with the

other party at the other end of the network (up to

50km away), and update the key if any eavesdrop

attempt is detected. An encryptor, with 2 channels,

can encrypt transmitted data at 20 Gbps (that is, 10

Gbps per channel) with less than 10 usec of

processing delay. This system allows for up to 800

Gbps data encryption using 40 stacked QCSs.

QKD uses photons, elementary particles of a

quantum, to share secret keys. When optic fiber

signal is on, there exist 9 trillion photons. QKD can

generate secret keys by using some of the photons,

specifically one photon per user. The sender of data

generates a secret key based on information on the

polarization and phase of single photon, and sends

it to the receiver to share. So, any eavesdrop

attempt will cause a state change in the photon

embedded in the key, making eavesdropping

impossible.

Traditional cryptosystems are based on

mathematics (e.g. RSA), and thus data encrypted

using traditional cryptosystems are inevitably

vulnerable to hacking. On the contrary, if encrypted

using QCS, it is virtually impossible to hack, or even

unlawfully access, the encrypted data. Mr. Seung

Hwan Kwak, Team Head of QKD Development at

SK Telecom, noted that now cryptosystems rely

more on physics, rather than mathematics.

In the demonstration, SK Telecom used a

prototype designed for backbone (high-capacity

QKD), which is scheduled to be commercialized in

late 2015. In addition to high-capacity QKD, low-

capacity QKD to be used between LTE RAN and

core network is under development as well.

In addition to QKD that operates at network level,

the company is also working on development of

True Random Number Generation (TRNG) chips

that generate true random numbers at application

level (not demonstrated at the event, though). So

far, random numbers have been generated based on

SW, and thus they were pseudo. However, this HW-

based TRNG chip generates true random numbers

based on quantum mechanics. SK Telecom has

been making efforts to develop small-sized,

affordable TRNG chips. Thanks to its excellent

versatility, the TRNG chips can be used anywhere

that requires cryptography, and thus is expected to

be attractive in the fields such as IoT, smart grid,

etc., soon. n

Figure 1. Quantum Cryptography System (QCS)

“Cryptography, now

relies more on physics, and less on

mathematics.”

Mr. Seung Hwan Kwak, Team Head of QKD Development at SK Telecom

Encryptor (10Gbps 2-channel)

43



n Broadband penetration rate (% of household)

The broadband subscription rate in Korea has been steadily increasing, reaching 76.6% in Q1 2005, 100% in Q4

2010, and 104.0% in Q4 2014.

Broadband subscribers in Korea (Q1 2005 – Q4 2014)

Since its launch in 2006, FTTH service subscribers have continued to increase. As of the end of December 2014,

5.7M (29.9% of the total broadband subscribers) are subscribing to this service. Different FTTH technologies have

been adopted by the big 3 operators – E-PON by KT, G-PON by SK, and E-PON by LG U+ – but they all support 100

Mbps/1000Mbps in UL and DL.

n Broadband subscribers trace by access technology

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Subscribers [Million]

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

10 Years Q4 2014

Q4 2010: 100%

Broadband subscribers

# of Households

Broadband subscribers: 19.2 M

# of Households: 18.4 M

Population: 50.4 M

Penetration rate (% of household): 104.0%

Penetration (% of population): 38.1%

Q4 2014: 104.0%

-

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q3

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


10 Years

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Q4 2014

LAN (UTP)

FTTH

HFC

XDSLLAN (UTP)

4.5M

(23.5%)

7.3M

(38.0%)

HFC

FTTH

5.7M

(29.9%)XDSL

1.6M

(8.5%)

19.2M Broadband subscribers

in Korea(Q4 2014)

44



Broadband subscribers in Korea (Q1 2005 – Q4 2014)

45

3.99

1.37

0.350.04

2.88

1.91

1.78

0.69

1.26

0.35

0.03

1.19

0.88

2.40

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

KT SK LG U+ MSO


XDSL

LAN (UTP)

HFC (Cable)

FTTH OLTONT

PON

OLT

L3 SW

ONU

Edge &

Backbone

Home CO

UTP PON

UTP

L2 SW

L3 SW

UTP

UTP

FTTH

LAN

Last mile line

• FTTH: Optical fiber (ONT at home)

• LAN: UTP cable (from L2 switch or ONU)

Korea has 5.7M FTTH subscribers, and 69.4% of them (i.e. 3.99M) are KT users, making the company the No. 1

FTTH service provider in the country.

8.1M

4.8M

3.0M 3.2M

n Broadband subscribers by operator - per access technology (December 2014)

XDSL

LAN

FTTH

HFC

n Broadband subscribers by operator (Q1 2005 – Q4 2014)

As of the end of December 2014, Korea has 19.2M broadband subscribers, and 42.3% of them (i.e. 8.1M) are

KT users, which makes the company the unrivaled No. 1 in the country‟s broadband market.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


10 Years

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Q4 2014

KT

Cable operators

LG U+

SK KT

SK

LG U+

Cable Operators

8.1 M

(42.3%)

19.2M Broadband subscribers

in Korea(Q4 2014)

4.8M

(25.1%)

3.0M

(15.7%)

3.2M

(16.4%)



Broadband subscribers growth in Korea – by operator (Q1 2005 – Q4 2014)

BROADBAND SUBSCRIBERS TRACE BY OPERATOR: BREAKDOWN BY ACCESS NETWORK

As of Q4 2014, Korea has 5.7M FTTH subscribers, and 69.4% of them (i.e. 3.99M) are KT

users, making the company the No. 1 FTTH service provider in the country.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

FTTH

FTTH

LAN (UTP)

LAN (UTP)

HFC

HFC

XDSL

Q4 2014Subscribers [Million]

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

4.0

1.3

2.9

1.4

2.9

0.3

1.6

-

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

LAN (UTP)

XDSL

FTTH

46

0.4

1.8

0.9



Pay TV subscribers in Korea

47

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

n Pay TV subscribers trace

The number of IPTV subscribers is increasing fast. It exceeded 10M in Q4 2014. This was an increase of 210,000 a

month on average. With this growth rate, it is expected to exceed the number of cable subscribers this year.

n IPTV subscribers trace by telco

Growth in Korea‟s IPTV market has been mostly driven by KT. As of Q4 2014, the company has 5.86M IPTV

subscribers, which is 55.1% of the country‟s total. SK recorded 26.6% market share with 2.83 million subscribers

while LG U + recorded 18.3% with 1.95 million. IPTV operators in the market are in fierce competition with each

other as well as with cable operators.

Q4 2014

Cable

IPTV

Satellite

29.7MPay TV

subscribersin Korea

(Q4 2014)

14.4%

35.8%

49.8%


Cable

IPTV

Satellite

2006

Q4 2014

18.3%

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

KT: 5.86 M

SK: 2.83 M

LG U+: 1.95 M

10.6MIPTV

subscribersIn Korea

(Q4 2014)

LG U+

KTSK

55.1%

26.6%

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014



IPTV subscribers in Korea (Q4 2014)

· IPTV penetration rate (% of household): 57.6%

As of Q4 2014, the number of IPTV subscriptions in Korea reached 10.6 million, accounting for more

than half (57.6%) of the total households in the nation.

· IPTV subscription rate (% of broadband subscriber): 66.7%

The combined broadband subscription of all the big 3 reached 16.0 million, and 66.7% of them are

IPTV subscribers.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

KT’s IPTV subscribers = 5.9M (Q4 2014)

KT Broadband Subscribers: 8.1 M (Q4 2014)

IPTV subscription rate = 72.1%

As of Q4 2014, KT has 8.1 million Internet subscribers and 5.9 million IPTV subscribers, with 72.1% of IPTV

subscription rate (% of IPTV out of Internet subscription).


n IPTV penetration rate

n KT’s IPTV subscribers growth (Q3 2016 – Q4 2014)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 11

-

5

10

15

20


2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Households in Korea

Broadband subscribers in Korea

Broadband subscribers of Telco(KT, SK, LG U+)

IPTV subscribers of Telco(KT, SK, LG U+)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

[Million]19.1 M

18.4 M

16.0 M

10.6 M

KT SK LG U+

KT

+ +

48



IPTV subscribers in Korea (Q4 2014)

49

-

1

2

3

4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

-

1

2

3

4

5

Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

LG U+’s IPTV subscribers = 1.9M (Q4 2014)

LG U+ Broadband Subscribers: 3.0 M (Q4 2014)


As of Q4 2014, LG U+ has 3.0 million Internet subscribers and 1.9 million IPTV subscribers, with 64.7% of IPTV



n SK’s IPTV subscribers growth (Q3 2006 – Q4 2014)

n LG U+’s IPTV subscribers growth (Q3 2016 – Q4 2014)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

SK’s broadband subscribers = 4.8M (Q4 2014)

SK’s IPTV subscribers = 2.8M (Q4 2014)


As of Q4 2014, SK has 4.8 million Internet subscribers and 2.8 million IPTV subscribers, with 58.8% of IPTV



SK

LG U+



Mobile statistics in Korea (Q4 2014): Smartphone

n Mobile subscribers in Korea

n Smartphone subscribers in Korea

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2011 2012 2013 2014

[Million]

2012 2013 2014

0.7M

21.3 M

50.0 M

52.3 M 57.2 M: Mobile subscribers

50.4 M: Population

40.6 M: Smartphone subscribers

36.0 M: LTE subscribers

Q4 2014

Mobile penetration rate (% of population): 113.5%

Smartphone penetration rate (% of population): 80.4%

LTE penetration rate (% of population): 71.4%

LTE subscription rate (% of mobile subscriber): 62.9%

Smartphone penetration rate (% of population): 80.4%

Smartphone subscription rate (% of mobile subscriber): 70.9%

Q4 2014-

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2012 2012 2013 2014

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45Smartphone

(70.9%)

Smart pad(1.0%)

Feature phone(28.1%)

Feature phone

Smartphone

16.1 M

Smart Pad 0.6 M

40.6 M


2012 2013 2014

Q4 2014: 57.2 M


57.2M Mobile Subscribers in Korea

50



Mobile subscribers by access networks (2G/3G/4G) in Korea

51

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2011 2012 2013 2014


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

404G LTE

3G

2G

36.0 M

14.9 M

6.3 M

Q4 2014: 57.2 M

Start LTE

Q4 2014

LTE(63.4%)

2G(11.2%)

3G(26.2%)

57.2M Mobile Subscribers in Korea


2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

3G Peak

2G Peak

4GThe number of 2G (CDMA)

subscribers reached 41 million,

the highest on record, in Q2 2007

while 3G (WCDMA) reached its

highest level, 35 million, in Q4

2011.

As of Q4 2014, 4G LTE service

launched in July 2011 has 36.0

million subscribers, which

accounts for 63.4% of the total

mobile subscriptions.

2012 2013 20142011

n Mobile subscribers in Korea - split per network (2G/3G/4G)

n Mobile subscribers, in Korea, by technology generation (Q1 2007 – Q4 2014)

0

1

2

3

1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11

2012 2013 2014

1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11

2012 2013 2014



* Data: Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning

LTE Traffic Statistics in Korea

113.2 PB(94.9%)

6.1 PB(5.1%)

4G LTE

3G (Feature phone +

Smartphone)

n Mobile data usage - per access technology

As of Q4 2014, the LTE traffic reached 113.2 PB,

which is 19 times higher than 3G traffic.

LTE traffic represented 94.5% of Korea’s total

mobile traffic (Verizon: as of Q3 2014, about 79% of

total data traffic currently on 4G LTE network)

n Monthly traffic - per device type

4G Smartphone

3G Smartphone

3.312 GB

1.064 GB

2G & 3G Feature phone 0.004 GB

As of Q4 2014, 4G smartphone, 3G smartphone and

2G/3G feature phone users generate 3.312 GB, 1.064

GB and 4 MB of traffic on average per month.

n Subscriber traffic distribution by application

The chart above presents the results of

analysis of data traffic using DPI

equipment introduced by the Korea's big

3 operators. In the analysis, only 4G LTE

traffic was included and 3G traffic was

excluded. However, given the fact that as

of Q4 2014 the volume of LTE traffic is

19.0 times larger than that of 3G, the

results can sufficiently serve as references

for the entire mobile traffic. The chart

shows the distribution of data traffic by

application. We can see, the volume share

of video traffic reached 55.5%, proving

the surge in mobile traffic has been driven

by video traffic. 45.1% 44.3% 45.2%

48.9%55.5%

19.3% 18.9% 18.1%16.2%

13.90%

13.1% 13.5% 14.6%16.0%

14.5%

9.8% 11.2% 10.4%8.5%

7.7%7.9% 6.9% 7.6% 5.7% 3.6%4.8% 5.2% 4.1% 4.7% 4.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Q4 2013 Q1 2014 Q2 2014 Q3 2014 Q4 2014

Video Web SNS Multimedia (Music, etc) Market Download Etc.

52



SK Telecom’s mobile subscribers growth (Q4 2011 - Q4 2014)

53

Source: SK Telecom, MSIPn SK Telecom’s mobile subscribers – split per network (2G/3G/4G)

Since its launch in 2011, SK Telecom’s LTE subscribers have continued to increase. As of Q4 2014, 28.6M

(58.6% of the SK Telecom’s total 28.6M mobile subscribers) are subscribing to the LTE service.

n SK Telecom’s mobile subscribers – split per device type Source: SK Telecom, MSIP

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2011 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014


4G LTE

3G WCDMA

16.7 M

8.4 M

Dec. 2014: 28.6M

3 Years Q4 2014

3G(29.2%)

28.6M SK Telecom

Mobile Subscribers(Q4 2014)

4G LTE(58.6%)

2G CDMA 3.5 M

2G(12.3%)

As of Q4 2014, 19.5M subscribers, which is 68.1% of the total 28.6M SK Telecom‟s mobile subscribers, are

smartphone users.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2011 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014


Smartphone

Feature phone

19.5 M

8.9 M

Dec. 2014: 28.6M

3 Years Q4 2014

28.6M SK Telecom


Smart pad 0.2 M

Featurephone

(31.1%)Smartphone

(68.1%)



KT’s mobile subscribers growth (Q4 2011 – Q4 2014)

Source: KT, MSIP

Source: KT, MSIP

n KT’s mobile subscribers – split per network (2G/3G/4G)

Since its launch in 2012, KT’s LTE subscribers have continued to increase. As of Q4 2014, 10.8M (62.4% of the

KT’s total 17.3M mobile subscribers) are subscribing to the LTE service.

n KT’s mobile subscribers – split per device type

As of Q4 2014, 12.4M subscribers, which is 71.7% of the total 17.3M KT‟s mobile subscribers, are smartphone users.

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2011 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014


4G LTE

3G WCDMA

10.8 M

6.5 M

Dec. 2014: 17.3M

3 Years Q4 2014

3G(37.6%)

17.3M KT Mobile

Subscribers(Q4 2014)

4G LTE(62.4%)

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2011 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014


Smartphone

Feature phone

12.4 M

4.6 M

Dec. 2014: 17.3M

3 Years Q4 2014

17.3M KT Mobile

Subscribers(Q4 2014)

Smart pad 0.3 M

Featurephone

(25.4%)Smartphone

(71.7%)

54



LG U+’s mobile subscribers growth (Q4 2011 – Q4 2014)

55

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

1112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2011 2012 2013 2014

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11

2011 2012 2013 2014

Source: LG U+, MSIPn LG U+’s mobile subscribers – split per network (2G/3G/4G)

Since its launch in 2011, LG U+’s LTE service subscribers have continued to increase. As of the end of Q4 2014,

8.5M (75.1% of the LG U+’s total 11.3 M mobile subscribers) are subscribing to this service.

As of Q4 2014, 8.6M subscribers, which is 76.8% of the total 11.3 M LG U+’s mobile subscribers, are smartphone

users.

n LG U+’s mobile subscribers – split per device type Source: LG U+, MSIP

3 Years Q4 2014


11.3 M LG U+


LTE(75.1%)

4G LTE 8.5 M

2G CDMA 2.8 M

2G(24.9%)

Q4 2014: 11.3 M

3 Years Q4 2014


Smartphone

(76.8%)

11.3 M LG U+ Mobile Subscribers(Q4 2014)

Feature phone

Smartphone8.6 M

2.6 M

Feature phone(23.2%)

2012 2013 2014

2012 2013 2014

Q4 2014: 11.3 M

6 things you should know about enterprise WLAN | Jongmoon Choi ([email protected])



IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) technology, commonly known as Wi-Fi, has been evolving so fast, adapting to the constantly changing mobile communication market. Especially as Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) is becoming the growing trend in many companies which value the network security and stability, companies are deploying more WLANs every year to ensure their employees use smartphones and pads for work purposes as well. The most important job of an enterprise WLAN solution is to provide secure and robust wireless service to users. To do the job, we have to first admit the fact that WLANs are less secure by their nature than wired LANs. Wi-Fi uses unlicensed bands that anyone can use freely, and thus is inevitably vulnerable to various interferences, which can lead to service degradation. So, a good enterprise WLAN Solution must feature functions and technologies to address these issues and supply the best wireless network service to users.In general, an enterprise wireless network consists of three basic components - AP, AP controller and authentication server. But an additional component, WIPS (WIPS sensor and server), can be included as needed, for protection from wireless intrusion. The following is a brief explanation of functionalities and characteristics of the four components:•Access Point (AP): AP is essential for a Wi-Fi client to connect to a wired network (Internet or intranet). A Wi-Fi client scans SSIDs broadcasted from AP, selects an SSID and then connects to the network through standard authentication procedure.•AP Controller: AP controller is a management system that controls all APs. It collects information from individual APs and analyzes them to ensure and maintain the service quality of the entire wireless network.•Authentication Server (AAA): It provides authentication service to Wi-Fi clients not only by using user ID/password as conventionally done, but also by using user information in SIM/USIM of a smart device.•Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS): It detects rouge APs or unauthorized Wi-Fi devices in a WLAN and prevents them from accessing or attacking the network. To this end, WIPS sensors monitoring all the packets that travel through all the Wi-Fi frequency bands in real-time are placed throughout the network.

Now we will find out what conditions should be met and what specific features are needed to be a good enterprise WLAN solution that can satisfy high expectations in the enterprise market as well as new requirements in the future Internet of Things (IoT) era. 1. Distributed architecture is in and centralized architecture is outUntil a few years ago, centralized architecture had been preferred for enterprise WLANs. Centralized architecture passes all AP traffic from Wi-Fi clients to AP controllers (also known as wireless switch) transparently. In this architecture, APs have just a few simple functions (this type of AP is called ‘thin’ AP) and thus all 802.11 frames from Wi-Fi clients are simply passed to AP controllers. Then the AP controllers take care of high level functions, such as QoS, ACL, roaming, etc., leading to enhanced control over WLANs. However, as WLAN technologies improved to use broader bandwidths through standardizations of 802.11n in 2009 (450 Mbps, 3x3 antenna) and 802.11ac in 2013 (1.3 Gbps, 3x3 antenna), it became virtually impossible for an AP controller to process all traffic of Wi-Fi clients, as initially intended in the centralized architecture. Recently APs, upgraded to perform better, have become capable to process traffic control, QoS, ACL and firewall per Wi-Fi station and service, allowing AP controllers to focus on just managing distributed APs (this type of AP is called ‘fat’ or ‘intelligent’ AP). This so called distributed or bridged WLAN architecture is dominant these days. Accordingly, the distributed architecture is expected to impose a lesser burden on AP controllers, helping them to manage more APs, compared to the centralized architecture.

2. Secure network connection and various authentication servicesUser data encryption and secure authentication are essential for safe WLAN connection and use in enterprise WLANs.Encryption and security issues in the air link of WLANs seem to have been perfectly taken care of by IEEE 802.11i standards approved in the end of 2004. No vulnerability issues have been reported in relation to 802.11i WPA2/AES encryption so far. IEEE 802.1x-based authentication is most commonly used in enterprise WLANs, and it supports three authentication modes:

- EAP-PEAP/EAP-TTLS with user ID and password- EAP-TLS based on client Certification Authority (CA)- EAP-SIM or EAP-AKA using SIM/USIM chip in smartphone

Another common method is web-based authentication (also known as captive portal-based authentication), which is used mainly for guest authentication. With this authentication method, a Wi-Fi client can use Internet/intranet service only after going through an additional authentication process, where user credentials (e.g., user ID/password) must be entered on the web server even after WLAN standard authentication, such as Pre-Shared Key (PSK) with AP, is completed. The web-based authentication enables an AP to redirect HTTP packets (TCP port 80) of a Wi-Fi client to the AP controller or external web server.

3. AP with excellent functionalities and performance is the keyA good enterprise wireless AP should be able to meet high functionality and performance standards to ensure a certain level of service quality in the enterprise wireless network. An AP must be able to do:Supporting the latest WLAN standardsAPs should support IEEE 802.11ac standards approved in December 2013. Actually all recently released Wi-Fi clients support 802.11ac. 802.11ac compatible devices show 5 times better throughput than the previous 802.11n devices.Number of stations that can be served concurrentlyUsually dozens of Wi-Fi clients are connected to one AP in an enterprise WLAN, and hence an AP should be able to concurrently serve more than 100 Wi-Fi clients at each radio interface (2.4GHz and 5GHz).Airtime fairness for each Wi-Fi deviceAirtime fairness feature should be supported to ensure fair and balanced distribution of bandwidths to Wi-Fi clients that are using wireless resources competitively. Especially, APs should restrict bandwidth usage by slow devices using old technology, 802.11a/b/g, to prevent them from consuming radio resource too much, and thereby degrading performance of the enterprise WLAN.Guaranteed QoSAPs should provide granular Quality of Service (QoS), and bandwidth management capabilities on a per application, per user or

6 things you should know about enterprise WLAN

Jongmoon Choi ([email protected])

56

6 things you should know about enterprise WLAN | Jongmoon Choi ([email protected])



per SSID basis. QoS in the WLAN is controlled according to the Access Category (CA) policy defined in 802.11e.Detection and protection from harmful traffic APs should support a function to detect harmful traffic coming from authorized Wi-Fi clients. Wi-Fi clients may make a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack or generate harmful traffic due to virus or worm. Sometimes CTS jamming attack by an unauthorized Wi-Fi device results in WLAN service quality degradation. In such case, AP controllers should provide detailed protection strategies and policies to APs.

4. What AP controller functionalities are essential?Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Point (CAPWAP) is the international standard for AP and AP controller, published by IETF as RFC-5415/5416. Using this protocol, AP controllers can do AP control/management and Wi-Fi client authentication. An AP controller must be able to do:Management of AP group configuration informationIntegrated management of configuration data through grouping APs that provide the same service is one of the most critical features of an AP controller. If we have to access each AP and change their configurations one by one, it would be such a time-consuming hassle. This is why this grouping can be so useful – it groups configuration information in the form of profiles, making it easy to manage them.AP auto configuration & provisioningPlug & Play (PnP), also called auto provisioning, should be supported. According to CAPWAP standards, an AP should access an AP controller, automatically downloads configuration, and apply it to complete provisioning. Of course, AP firmware management should be supported as well.Station authentication and roamingAn AP controller should manage the master key (PMK) passed from AAA (authentication server) after Wi-Fi client authentication process is completed. When a Wi-Fi client is roaming between APs, the client should be able to skip the re-authentication process with the AAA to minimize its roaming time. The AP controller should pass the master key to the new AP, and command it to skip the authentication process with AAA when the roaming client attempts to access the new AP.RF resource control & managementIn case of an AP controller used in an enterprise WLAN with multiple APs, the fact that one AP’s wireless traffic can actually work as an interference signal to its neighbor APs should always be considered. Therefore, to maximize the quality of the entire WLAN service, an AP controller should consider many related factors when selecting Wi-Fi channels of each AP, and should also have a feature that controls APs individually. Some of the most common features that serve such purpose are: auto channel selection, dynamic transmit power control, self-healing or coverage hole

detection and auto-recovery, auto channel switching with interference detection.Load balancing and QoS guaranteeAP-based load balancing, also known as “band steering” or “band preference” function, makes sure AP loads are distributed to every radio interface provided by an AP. AP controller-based load balancing, however, ensures traffic loads are evenly distributed to each AP so that every client is equally served. For even distribution of traffic loads among APs, an AP controller monitors signal strength and quality between AP and Wi-Fi clients. Then when it detects an AP that can better serve one of its Wi-Fi clients, it has the client roam to the new AP.HA clusteringAn AP controller, if designed to concurrently manage multiple APs with certain capacity (e.g. 256 APs all at once), should support High Availability (HA) clustering function.

5. Hidden cost of GUI-based management consoleA GUI-based management console is a kind of EMS/NMS supporting Operation, Administration and Management (OAM) functions for network managers. So, if a network manager wants to configure a certain-sized WLAN, he should first consider the extra cost for deploying a management console in the new enterprise WLAN infra. A management console must have following features:Map-based management of AP and Wi-Fi clientsA management console should support user-friendly map-based location management of AP and Wi-Fi client that can be easily used to check signal strength and service coverage of APs. Also a feature that provides roaming paths of Wi-Fi clients on the map can be very useful.Profile-based configuration managementAs noted above, when managing a good number of APs, hierarchical approaching can be very efficient. For example, a network manager can configure profiles of radio interface, SSID, security/authentication, VLAN and QoS, and apply the profiles to AP groups as needed.Inventory management of AP and Wi-Fi clientsA management console should have a feature for managing a list of APs and Wi-Fi clients information (e.g. user ID, IP address, connection time, authentication status, etc.), preferably with useful functions like column filtering, searching and sorting for easier management of many APs and Wi-Fi clientsAlarm and statistics managementAlarm and statistics features are the most basic features of the management console because network managers can monitor service status by checking alarms and statistics frequently. Not only that, if the diagnostic and alarm features are available to monitor the network connectivity between AP and AP

controller, it can help to detect network failure and respond fast accordingly.Scheduled/unscheduled reportingScheduled/unscheduled reporting is also essential for a management console because it allows network managers to keep track of operation conditions in the WLAN through email and/or SMS notifications sent regularly. More detailed unscheduled reports should be accessible through the management console.DashboardDashboard provides a page that shows the general status of the entire network so that network managers can instantly respond to network issues detected.Wizard functionWizard function helps network managers, even without sufficient knowledge on WLAN, easily configure a complicated enterprise WLAN by following step-by-step instructions.

6. Ready for the IoT eraWLAN technologies have their advantages in that they give you broadband bandwidth and wider service coverage than other competitive technologies like Bluetooth, Zigbee, Z-wave, etc. But, they also have their disadvantages. They consume too much power, and thus it seems impossible to configure a sensor network where battery-powered IoT devices are directly connected Wi-Fi networks. However, most IoT hub devices are cable-powered, and thus can be easily connected to Wi-Fi interfaces. And using a Wi-Fi network to access the Internet is likely to be considered a very popular option in an IoT service network architecture. Especially, networks like Wi-Fi mesh or bridge that connect Wi-Fi APs will serve as a perfect backbone for IoT because Wi-Fi networks can securely deliver a large volume of traffic at a relatively low cost. Therefore, what an enterprise WLAN solution can do for the IoT would be one of the key factors in selecting a network solution from now on. ClosingThe past 10 or so years witnessed drastic changes in mobile communication – first the release of smartphones, then Wi-Fi technology innovation like 802.11ac, and the advent of the IoT. These changes are now making enterprise WLAN solutions evolve even more, and faster. Enterprise WLAN solutions so far have required AP and AP controller that support the new technology, 802.11ac. But the coming IoT ERA will require new solutions that can easily accommodate, integrate and manage the increasing number of IoT devices

and hubs. n -------------------------------------------------------

About author

Jongmoon Choi R&D Director, Davolink Inc. - [email protected] +82-31-387-3240

57

THE WAY TO SDN THE WAY YOU WANT

Open Source Project Carrier Grade SDN Controller

White Box SDN RoutingWhite Box SDN Routing Cloud Networking OSCloud Networking OS

• Transforms white-box switches to powerful routers

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The networking world is fast moving to an era of white-box networking. Unlike other white-box solutions, PRISM is completely vendor inde-pendent and can be installed out of box on any Linux distribution running on COTS hardware. Users can sim-ply select any number of white-box switches anywhere on the network and provision them as a single entity with high switching performance. It provides game-changing flexibility of creating on-demand routing and for-warding entities with open interfaces for use across data-centers, enter-prise, campus or home networks.

Our Solution : Our Solution :

BEEM controller is based on Open MUL. It is an optimized SDN con-troller, operates in a mixed environment against OpenFlow 1.3.x and 1.0-compliant devices simultaneously. It can further be extended to support any south-bound protocol using a highly flexible adaptation layer. Provides various SDN novelties like fabric circuits, topology and device discovery, loop-less routing, service chaining and many more!!

Unlike most of the other SDN controllers, BEEM is implemented in C programming language, hence, closer to iron and able to squeeze more out of the same hardware. BEEM is able to deliver best in class performance in terms of throughput and latency of flow download rates. It is designed for high performance and reliability which is the need of the hour for deployment in mission-critical networks.

KulCloud Inc. | Address : A-501 Innovalley, 253 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea | MailTo : [email protected] | Homepage : www.kulcloud.com

For the various application needs, BEEM provides three kinds of APIs that enable network applications to be deployed on top of the net-work abstraction. The 'C' language bindings can be used for perfor-mance and latency sensitive apps. Python bindings can be utilized for fast app development while RESTful APIs can be used by web apps.

BEEM supports carrier grade resiliency as multiple controller nodes can be deployed in a hot/warm cluster configuration for high avail-ability. Controller nodes fail over to another controller instance in the event of any system problems, hence, preserving existing configu-ration, re-establishing the network and provisioning new configura-tion seamlessly. It can be deployed in active-active, active-standby as well as cluster configuration.

Features

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SDN CONTROLLER

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FABOS, Intra Data-Center fabric solu-tion, provides "real”zero-touch capa-bility with single management plane. It supports high performnace and stability with BUM(Broadcast and un-known multicast) suppression, fast fail-over and HA(High Availability). For the management of cloud network-ing, it provides scalable multi-tenancy with network virtualization, advanced traffic steering for L4-L7 and dynamic default gateway insertion for flexible inter connection with external net-work. It integrates with OpenStack us-ing Neutron plugins.

LTE inherently requires small cells for its high performance, typically needed in dense urban areas or traffic centers. Small cells are a cost effective way for Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to improve the coverage and data capacity for their mobile services. An issue with small cells, however, would be connecting the small cells back into the network. Most areas in need of small cells are metropolitan or hot spot zones which require a large number of small cells to cover the whole area costing high. Furthermore, data transport through CPRI or OBSAI is no longer enough to cover today’s advanced traffic bandwidth (LTE-A).For this reason, DASAN Network Solutions introduced Midhaul solution, an effective way of combining small cells and legacy macro cells with WDM-PON.WDM-PON technology is supported by DASAN Network Solutions’ NG-PON2 OLT providing a cost effective method to expand networks and higher bandwidth. It removes traffic bottle-neck during data aggregation at base stations with the use of fiber.Reusing the existing PON network with close connectivity between macro and small cells also helps MNOs reduce CAPEX and implement smooth upgrades. More importantly, DASAN Network Solutions’ NG-PON2 OLT delivers different types of services using multiple wavelengths on a single fiber carrying Mobile network (CPRI with a Point-to-Point WDM), FTTx (Gigabit Ethernet with a PON), as well as Wi-Fi network.

Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are looking for new solutions that help reduce cost, simplify networks and share resources. DASAN Network Solutions’ fronthaul solutions are based on Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) architecture, where a “Cloud BBU(Base-Band Unit)” is shared by various stations, improving CAPEX and OPEX, while also enabling mobile traffic offloads from small cells to the mobile core network. As more subscribers demand higher bandwidth, fronthaul solutions have become essential in delivering data smoothly.

DASAN Network Solutions’ NG-PON2 OLT aggregates CPRI traffic from LTE RU (Radio Unit), transfers to LTE BBU (Base Band Unit), which delivers small cell offloading traffic to the mobile core. Moreover, the mixture of macro cell and small cell solutions require a product with low latency and high capacity covering legacy fiber infra-network. DASAN Network Solutions’ NG-PON2 OLT can release the bottle-neck points on aggregation networks using ODN (Optical Distribution Network) while reducing CAPEX and OPEX. DASAN Network Solutions’ WDM solution is a verified solution among Korean mobile operators, with a strong point of having small footprint.

Midhaul Solution for Small Cell Backhaul Fronthaul Solution

NG-PON2 for Mobile Network

■ CO : Central O�ce■ RT : Remote Terminal■ eNB : eNodeB■ WDM : Wavelength Division Multiplexing■ CPRI : Common Public Radio Interface■ GE : Gigabit Ethernet■ TWDM-PON : Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks■ BBU Pool : Base Band Unit Pool■ S-G/W : Serving Gateway■ ePDG : Enhanced Packet Data Gateway

Mobile Network(Trust)

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Splitter Small Cell

Small Cell Wi-Fi

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TWDM-PON TWDM-PON

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About DASAN Network SolutionsDASAN Network Solutions is a leading global network solutions provider that established end-to-end capabilities across the Carrier and Enterprise markets. The main solutions are Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), Mobile Backhaul, Ethernet Switch and Wi-Fi solutions. As a main supplier to KT, SK broadband and LG U+, DASAN Network Solutions has been continuously expanding global business followed by the company’s success in Japan, Taiwan and Vietnam.

For more information, visit DASAN Networks on http://dasannetworks.com/en.

eNB

eNBeNB

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ePDG

S-G/W

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Branch Office3832 NE 88th StreetSeattle, WA 98115USA

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About Netmanias (www.netmanias.com)NMC Consulting Group (Netmanias) is an advanced and professional network consulting company, specializing in IP network areas (e.g., FTTH, Metro Ethernet and IP/MPLS), service areas (e.g., IPTV, IMS and CDN), and wireless network areas (e.g., Mobile WiMAX, LTE and Wi-Fi) since 2002.

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