nematode notes
DESCRIPTION
Notes on roundworm classification and characteristics.TRANSCRIPT
Nematoda
roundworms
Characteristics
Free-living or parasitic Most very small < 2mm, some 1m long Abundant (100 in a cupful of soil) >20,000
named species, many others undescribed Radial symmetry - cylindrical body Pseudocoelomate - false body cavity Tough cuticle must be shed to grow Has cephalization
Organization
Specialized cellsOrganized Tissues
Tripoblastic - 3 cell layersOrgan systems
Muscles - only longitudinal Reproductive Digestive - Complete gut w/ mouth and
anus
Reproduction
Usually diecious - sexes distinctparenthogenesis common - asexual
form of reproduction where embryo grows and develops without fertilization by a male.
Nematode adult anatomy
Nematode Locomotion
Pressurized pseudocoelom holds shape
Longitudinal muscles that pull against that pressure to provide a spiral
lashing motion
For burrowing and penetrating host tissues
Feeding Modes of Nematodes
Microbivores - select bacteria and fungi from soil and water
Predators eat small prey, or pierce and suck out larger prey
Plant parasitesAnimal parasites
Nematode Diets and Mouths
Classification
1. Ascaris - Intestinal Roundworm genus Ascaris, females up to 30 cm 67% used to be infected in S.E. United
States adults eat intestinal chyme heavy infections cause abdominal pain
and allergic reactions 1. or death, in heavy infections of children
Ascaris Internal Migration
eggs transferred from feces to food or mouth by hand; hatch in intestine
larvae penetrate bloodstream, go to lungs
break out into alveoli and crawl up trachea to esophagus, swallowed again
adults live free in small intestine
Ascaris Life Cycle
Dog Heartworm Life Cycle
Adult lives in dog’s heart muscle releases eggs into bloodstream, which hatch into small larvae (“microfilariae”)
larvae enter a mosquito that bites the dog
enter another dog by mosquito’s next bite
migrate to heart and grow inside muscleDog Heartworm
Dog Heartworm
Other Parasitic Nematodes
•hookworm, pinworm, trichinosis, river blindness, etc. •cuticle protects against immune system and enzymes •can do without oxygen
Hookworm: Necator Americanus
Dog Hookworm Lifecycle
Trichinella: Trichina worm
Pinworm: Enterobius
Wucharia: Filial worms