Natural Resources and

Energy Sources

Great Energy Challenge

http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/environment/energy-environment/great-energy-challenge.html

Alternative energy

http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/environment/energy-environment/alternative-energy.html

Energy Source

Natural resources are all the Natural resources are all the resources provided by nature (e.g. resources provided by nature (e.g. oil, forests, faun, metals, solar oil, forests, faun, metals, solar radiation, etc.) Some are used as radiation, etc.) Some are used as energy sources. energy sources.

Energy sources

They are divided into three major They are divided into three major categories: categories:

Non-renewable resourcesNon-renewable resources

Renewable resourcesRenewable resources

Inexhaustible resources Inexhaustible resources

Non-Renewable Resources

Non-renewable resources are Non-renewable resources are found in limited amounts in found in limited amounts in nature. nature.

Non-Renewable Resources

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL

NUCLEAR

Renewable Resources

Renewable resources do not Renewable resources do not run out if they are managed in run out if they are managed in a sustainable manner. a sustainable manner.

Renewable Resources

Hydroelectricity

Tidal PowerBIOMASS/BIOFUEL

Inexhaustible Resources

Inexhaustible resources are Inexhaustible resources are sometimes considered sometimes considered renewable resources because renewable resources because they will always be available. they will always be available.

Inexhaustible Resources

SOLAR ENERGYWIND ENERGY GEOTHERMY

Uses of the World Energy Sources

Oil and natural gas

Coal and Nuclear energy

Non-Renewable Resources

Non-Renewable Resources: Oil Energy Sources

Advantages Disadvantages

Uses

Oil -Extensively available.

-Easily transported

-Air polluting emissions.

-Contribution to global warming

-Limited reserves

-Thermal power plan (electricity)-Gasoline (Fuel)-Heating -Numerous by products: Plastics, asphalt, etc

Non-Renewable Resources: Natural Gas Energy Sources

Advantages Disadvantages

Uses

Natural Gas -Extensively available

- Easily transported

-Air polluting emissions

-Contributions to global warming

-Limited reserves

-Thermal power plants (electricity)

-Fuel

-Heating

Non-Renewable Resources: CoalEnergy Sources

Advantages Disadvantages

Uses

Coal -Extensively available

-Easily transported

-Air polluting emissions

-Contribution to global warming

-Limited reserves

-Thermal power plants (electricity)

-Raw material in the making of cast iron and steel.

Non-Renewable Resources: UraniumEnergy Sources

Advantages Disadvantages

Uses

Uranium -It requires few to produce large quantity of energy-The operating costs of nuclear power plants are low-Produce few air pollutants

-Produces radioactive waste. -Management of radioactive waste is technically complex-Risk of technical problems and accidents.

- Production of electricity in nuclear power plants

2. Describe the process of taking

oil from extraction to

consumption. 1. Oil is extracted from below the surface of the Earth.1. Oil is extracted from below the surface of the Earth.

2. It is transported by oil pipeline or boat to refineries. 2. It is transported by oil pipeline or boat to refineries.

3. Refineries turn oil into petroleum to serve as an energy 3. Refineries turn oil into petroleum to serve as an energy source or raw materials. source or raw materials.

4. Petroleum is then transported to service stations and 4. Petroleum is then transported to service stations and factories. factories.

5. Petroleum products are used as fuel for cars, 5. Petroleum products are used as fuel for cars, airplanes… or to heat buildings and cook food for airplanes… or to heat buildings and cook food for example. example.

3. How are fossil fuels used?

Fuel for cars, Fuel for cars, airplanes. airplanes.

HeatHeat

CookingCooking

ElectricityElectricity

AsphaltAsphalt

Motor oils and waxesMotor oils and waxes

PlasticsPlastics

NylonNylon

DetergentsDetergents

Pesticides Pesticides

COAL

Coal is ______________ in open pits or Coal is ______________ in open pits or underground. Once coal is extracted underground. Once coal is extracted from the subsurface, it is processed from the subsurface, it is processed to remove any to remove any _______________________. _______________________.

MINED

impurities

COAL

. How it makes its way to consumers . How it makes its way to consumers depends on __________________: depends on __________________: trucks and trains are used for short trucks and trains are used for short and medium distances, while cargo and medium distances, while cargo boats are used for longer distance. boats are used for longer distance.

distance

4. What is coal used for?

1. Thermal power plants1. Thermal power plants

2. A raw material to make cast iron 2. A raw material to make cast iron and steel. and steel.

Nuclear energy

Canada is the leading uranium Canada is the leading uranium producing country. Very little producing country. Very little amounts of uranium are needed to amounts of uranium are needed to produce large amounts of electricity produce large amounts of electricity in a nuclear power plant. in a nuclear power plant.

5. What type of electric power plant pollutes the most?

11stst COAL COAL

22nd nd Heavy Fuel OilHeavy Fuel Oil

33rdrd Natural Gas Natural Gas

44thth Nuclear Energy Nuclear Energy

In your opinion, why must we reduce our consumption of fossil

fuels?

Biomass, Hydroelectricity

Tidal EnergyRenewable resources

Renewable Resources: BiomassEnergy Sources

Advantages Disadvantages

Uses

Biomass -Biomass makes it possible to re-use and reclaim waste.-Prevents solid and groundwater body contamination.-Biofuels make it possible to reduce polluting.

-The smoke releases large amounts of pollutants that are harmful to the environment.-The cost of biofuels is high.

-Source of heat-Biofuels-Electricity production

Renewable Resources: Hydroelectricity Energy Sources

Advantages Disadvantages

Uses

Hydro-electricity

-Replace energy source-Clean energy sources-Few greenhouse-gas emissions

-Requires a complex network of transmission line-Visual impact of landscape-Flooding of territories-Destroys part of the diversity.

- Electricity production through run-of-the-river and storage power plants

Renewable Resource: Tidal EnergyEnergy Sources

Advantages Disadvantages Uses

Tidal Energy

- Very few greenhouse-gas emissions

-Tidal power must be very strong to produce a significant amount of energy-It is often necessary to flood territories-Disturbs aquatic fauna.

- Electricity

HYDROELECTRICITY

River water running through a turbine makes River water running through a turbine makes it possible to produce electricity. In order to it possible to produce electricity. In order to obtain enough force to make a turbine turn, obtain enough force to make a turbine turn, the __________________________________ and the __________________________________ and ___________________________________ must be ___________________________________ must be high enough. high enough.

River’s dischargeHydraulic head

8. Why are storage power plants built in

places located far away from urban

areas?Because the creation of reservoirs requires Because the creation of reservoirs requires large territories to be flooded. large territories to be flooded.

9. What is the purpose of the

dam?

Because the height of the tides must be very Because the height of the tides must be very high to produce a significant amount of energy high to produce a significant amount of energy and this is an uncommon situation. and this is an uncommon situation.

TIDAL ENERGY

The perpetual movement of waves and tides The perpetual movement of waves and tides can generate a huge amount of energy, called can generate a huge amount of energy, called tidal energy. Using a dam, it is possible to tidal energy. Using a dam, it is possible to recover this energy by holding back ocean recover this energy by holding back ocean water when the tide comes in. Then, when the water when the tide comes in. Then, when the tide ebbs, the water is released into tide ebbs, the water is released into hydroelectric turbines. hydroelectric turbines.

TIDAL ENERGY

There are very few tidal power plants in the There are very few tidal power plants in the world because tides have to be very high in world because tides have to be very high in order to produce a significant amount of order to produce a significant amount of energy. energy.

BIOMASS

Burning wood for heating and cooking is the Burning wood for heating and cooking is the main energy source for 2.4 billion people main energy source for 2.4 billion people living in developing countries. living in developing countries.

In ____________________________________, it is In ____________________________________, it is mainly a source of backup heating. mainly a source of backup heating.

Industrialized countries

10. In your opinion, why is wood burning heavily used as an energy

source in developing countries?

BIOMASS

Electricity can also be produced in thermal Electricity can also be produced in thermal power plants through burning the biomass power plants through burning the biomass derived from forest, urban and agri-food derived from forest, urban and agri-food waste.waste.

Biomass can also be used to produce fuels, Biomass can also be used to produce fuels, such as bio-diesel (made with used vegetable such as bio-diesel (made with used vegetable oil) and ethanol (alcohol obtained by oil) and ethanol (alcohol obtained by fermenting the sugars contained in biomass). fermenting the sugars contained in biomass). The fuels replace or are mixed with gasoline. The fuels replace or are mixed with gasoline.

Wind, Solar rays

GeothermyInexhaustible Resources

Inexhaustible Resources: WindEnergy Sources

Advantages Disadvantages

Uses

Wind -In developing countries, wind energy makes it possible to pump water for people and livestock-It provides electricity to remote or isolated areas

-Considerably changes the landscape. -Requires strong, regular and constant winds. -This energy cannot be stored

-Electricity production

- Pumping of water for supply and irrigation

Inexhaustible Resources: Solar RaysEnergy Sources

Advantages Disadvantages

Uses

Solar Rays -Non-polluting-Can be directly used for heating and lighting-Can supply remote regions with electricity

-It is the most expensive way of producing electricity-Requires an additional energy source to ensure a constant energy supply.

-Direct lighting-Direct heating-Electricity production (through solar panels)

Energy Sources

Advantages Disadvantages

Uses

Geothermy - Geothermal power plants produce few greenhouse gases

- Regions with high geothermal potential are usually areas with active volcanoes

-Electricity production through geothermal power plants. - Heating of buildings.

SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy comes from the conversion of Solar energy comes from the conversion of solar rays that reach the Earth. The amount of solar rays that reach the Earth. The amount of solar energy available in a day depends on the solar energy available in a day depends on the sun’s position in the sky and how cloudy it is. sun’s position in the sky and how cloudy it is.

12. Where can solar energy be exploited?

Where there is sufficient sunshine. Where there is sufficient sunshine.

WIND ENERGY

The force of the wind produces energy by The force of the wind produces energy by making wind turbine blades turn. In order for a making wind turbine blades turn. In order for a site to be considered worthwhile for site to be considered worthwhile for generating wind-powered electricity, winds generating wind-powered electricity, winds must be strong, regularly and constantly. must be strong, regularly and constantly.

13. How do wind turbines change the landscapes?

They alter the visual appearance of the They alter the visual appearance of the environment and they can block the view of environment and they can block the view of certain landscapes. certain landscapes.

14. How are they used in industrialized

countries? In developing countries?

In the industrialized countries, wind turbines In the industrialized countries, wind turbines are used for all electricity-related uses.are used for all electricity-related uses.

In the developing countries, they are mainly In the developing countries, they are mainly used for irrigation and for pumping water for used for irrigation and for pumping water for people and livestock. people and livestock.

Geothermy as an energy source

The heat that is found between the Earth’s The heat that is found between the Earth’s surface and a depth of 10 000m holds 50 000 surface and a depth of 10 000m holds 50 000 times more energy than all of the world’s oil times more energy than all of the world’s oil and natural gas resources. The extraction of and natural gas resources. The extraction of this heat (geothermy) produces geothermal this heat (geothermy) produces geothermal energy. energy.

15. Is Iceland’s geothermal potential

high? Why?

Where underground temperatures are highest, Where underground temperatures are highest, particularly near areas with active volcanoesparticularly near areas with active volcanoes