national overall reference architecture (nora) – handbook ... · nora allows government agencies...

National OverallReference Architecture(NORA) – Handbook

e-GovernmentProgram (Yesser)

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National Overall Reference Architecture (NORA) – Handbook

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1. Introduction 6

1.1 Document purpose 6

1.2 NationalEnterpriseArchitecture(NEA)Framework 6

1.3 GoalsofNORA 7

1.4 FeaturesofNORA 8

1.5 ObjectivesofNORA 8

1.6 DefiningAPurposeforAgencyEA 9

1.7 NORAMethodology 12

1.8 NORAandNEAFramework 15

2. Stage1-DevelopEAProjectStrategy 16

2.1 StageSummary 16

2.2 StagePurpose 16

2.3 StageInitiation 16

2.4 KeystepsinStage1 17

3. Stage 2 – Develop EA Project Plan 20

3.1 StageSummary 20

3.2 StagePurpose 20


3.4 KeyStepsinStage2 21

4. ContinuesGovernance 23

4.1 PurposeofGovernance 23

4.2 OutcomeofGovernance 23

4.3 GovernanceInitiation 24

4.4 KeyAreasinGovernance 24

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5. Stage 3 – Analyze Current Stage 30

5.1 StageSummary 30

5.2 StagePurpose 30

5.3 Stageinitiation 31


6. Stage4–DevelopEAFramework 34

6.1 StageSummary 34

6.2 StagePurpose 34



7. Stage5BuildReferenceModels 37

7.1 StageSummary 37

7.2 StagePurpose 37


7.4 AboutNEAReferenceModels 38


8. Stage6-BuildCurrentArchitecture 44

8.1 StageSummary 44

8.2 StagePurpose 44



9. Stage7–BuildTargetArchitecture 69

9.1 Stagesummary 69

9.2 Stagepurpose 69

9.3 Stageinitiation 70

9.4 Keystepsinstage7 71

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10.Stage8–DevelopTransitionPlan 84

10.1Stagesummary 84

10.2Stagepurpose 84

10.3Stageinitiation 85

10.4Keystepsinstage8 85

11.Stage9–DevelopManagementPlan 88

11.1Stagesummary 88

11.2Stagepurpose 88

11.3Stageinitiation 88

11.4Keystepsinstage9 89

12. Stage 10 – Execute and Maintain 91

12.1StageSummary 91

12.2StagePurpose 91

12.3StageInitiation 92

12.4KeyStepsinStage10 92

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Intr

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uct

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1. Introduction1.1 Document purpose

ThepurposeofthisdocumentistodescribeandelaboratetheNationalOverallReferenceAr-chitecture(NORA)thatwillbeusedasaguideforgovernmentagenciestodeveloptheirownEnterpriseArchitecture(EA).Thisdocumentalsodescribes,tosomeextent,howNORAislinktotheoverallNationalEnterpriseArchitecture(NEA)Framework.

1.2 National Enterprise Architecture (NEA) Framework

TheNationalEnterpriseArchitecture(NEA)Frameworkisakeyelementforthenationale-Gov-ernmentenvisionedtoincorporateafederateapproachtoenterprisearchitecturefortheKing-domofSaudiArabia(KSA).NEAFrameworksupportstheidentificationofre-usablecomponentsandservices,andfacilitatesabasisforInformationTechnology(IT)investmentoptimization.Inaddition,NEAenablesmorecost-effectiveandtimelydeliveryofe-servicesthrougharepositoryofstandards,principlesandreferencemodelsthatassistinthedesignanddeliveryofbusinessservicestocitizens,residents,commercialestablishmentsandinter-governmentcollaboration.

Figure 1 NEA Framework

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1.3 Goals of NORA

ThegoalsofNORAareasfollows.

• DefinescopeandrequirementsoftheEAatthegovernmentagencies

• HelpgovernmentagenciestohaveasmoothandeffectiveEAimplementation

• Ensurequalityofgovernmentagency’sEAthroughsystematicprocessesandrecommenda-tions

• Alignmentofagency’sEAwithSaudigovernmentnationalarchitectureandNationalActionPlanstofacilitatewholeofgovernmentapproach

• FacilitateEAutilization,promotionandcapabilitybuildinginthegovernmentagencies.

1.4 Features of NORA

ThemainfeaturesofNORAare:

• AsaguideforEAdevelopment,itiswrittenfromthegovernmentagencies’perspective

• AllstagesintheEAlifecyclearedescribedtosomedetailtoprovideclaritytothegovernmentagencies

• BalancedapproachinEAdevelopmentthatfocusesbothonprocessesandtheproductionofstandardartifactsordeliverables

• Examplesandexampleoutputsareprovidedtoaidunderstanding

• Highlycustomizabletosuitvariedrequirementsofdifferentgovernmentagencies.

1.5 Objectives of NORATheobjectivesofNORAareasfollows:• ToguidegovernmentagenciesintheirdevelopmentofEAs

• TospeedupEAdevelopmentwithqualityoutputs

• ToensureEA ingovernmentagenciesarealignedwiththeire-GovernmenttransformationandITplans.

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1.6 Defining A Purpose for Agency EA

Inalignmenttothestrategic2ndSaudie-GovernmentActionPlan,everygovernmentagencyisexpectedtohaveane-transformationroadmapthatwouldpavethewayforadvancementofdeliveringgovernmentservices.EAisanexcellenttoolforplanningaswellasimplementingthise-transformationroadmap.

GovernmentagencieshavetofindanddeterminethemostimportantdriverormotivationtodeveloptheirveryownEA.ThefollowingtableliststhecommondriversandthecorrespondingobjectivestodevelopEA.ThesecommonscenarioswillinfluencetheuseofNORAasaguide-linetodevelopEAforagencies.

Drivers EA Objectives - Values

Lackofgovernanceandprioritization Comprehensiveunderstandingof agency-wideper-spective, including itsproblems,challenges, invest-mentsandopportunities

Lackofagencywideinformation ITstandardization,withdetailinformationandinter-relationshipsbetweenbusinessandtechnologies

Nointegrationamongdepartments Noduplicationofinvestmentsandsystems;integra-tionofwork resulting in efficiency and better cus-tomerservice

Duplicatedinvestments Preventinvestmentsandworkduplication

Ineffectivenessandinefficiencyinpublicservicedelivery

Understand agency weaknesses; integrated ap-proachtoimproveagency’sproductivityandpublicservicedelivery

Nostandardoperations Implementqualitybusinessandserviceoperations

Notechnologystandards Interoperabilityofsystemsandprocessesintheagency

Investingcapitalandprocurementcosts EffectiveinvestmentsthatalignbusinessandIT

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Whilegovernmentagenciesmayhavedifferentmotivations,therearealsocommonpurposessharedamongallgovernmentagencies.ThefollowingarethetopreasonsforembarkingonEAjourney:

• Implementinge-Governmenttransformationroadmap

• OptimizingITinvestments

• ReducingITcosts

• AligningITtogovernmentbusiness.

AsEAisawideprogramwithanon-goingorcontinuousjourney,itispossiblethatgovernmentagencieswillrequirespecificpurposes,overtime,toreviewandimprovetheirEAssuchasthefollowingexamples:

• Standardizationandinteroperabilityofservices,ITapplications,dataandinfrastructure

• Selectionand/orprioritizationofprojectsinthegovernmentagencyforfundingandimple-mentation

• Buildingnewcapabilitysuchasimprovingcustomerservice,makingbusinessprocesseseffec-tive,andagency-wideadoptionofmobileapplicationsanddevices

• ImproveandintegratebusinesscriticalgovernmentservicesandbusinessfunctionsthroughBusinessProcessRe-Engineeringandautomation

• DevelopmentofITResourceManagementandITPortfolioManagement.

1.7 NORA Methodology

NORAmethodologyisbasedonalifecycleconsistingoftenmajorstages.Theexecutionofthestagesareinsequence,howeveritcanbetailoredtosuitthepurposeofagencyEA.Eachstagehas its own architecture artifacts or deliverables. InNORA, a continuous set of governanceactivitiesarecarriedoutthroughouttheninestages.Figure2belowillustratestheNORAMeth-odology.

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Figure 2 NORA Methodology

ContinuousGovernance(applicableduringallstages)

AsEAisamassiveandlong-termproject,thereareboundtobemanychallengesandissues.Itisvital,therefore,thattheEAgovernanceworkisalsoaddresstoensurethesuccessoftheproject.TheEAgovernanceiscontinuous-coveringactivitiessuchasprogrammanagement,changemanagement(includingEAawarenessandpromotion),capabilitymanagement(specifictrainings,toolsandnewprocesses),performancemanagement(newKPIsandstandards)andpolicymanagement.

Stage 1 – Develop EA Project Strategy

Thisstagedescribesthekeyactivitiestoresearch,planandobtainapprovaltoembarkontheEAproject.EachgovernmentagencyhastoobtainitsprojectfundingandtoeitherdevelopitsEAinternallyoroutsource.

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Stage 2 – Develop EA Project Plan

HavingestablishedanapprovedEAProjectStrategy,thegovernmentagencyhastocarryoutthedetailedplanfortheEAproject.Thisstagedescribesthekeyactivitiesinvolvedindevelop-ingandobtainingapprovalfortheEAproject.

Stage 3 – Analyze Current State

WiththeapprovedEAprojectplaninplace,thegovernmentagencycanstarttheactualworkbyanalyzingitscurrentstate–bothintermsofbusinessandIT.Thisstagedescribesthekeyactivitiesinreviewingandanalyzingthedifferentaspectsofthecurrentstateofthegovern-mentagency.

Stage 4 – Develop EA Framework

This isthestagewhereagovernmentagencystartstodevelopitsEA. Inthisstage,thegov-ernmentagencyconstructsthemainpillarssuchasEAvision&mission,architecturegoals&principles, EAFramework, taxonomy,andother related standards that is fundamental to itsEAjourney.ThegovernmentagencyshouldfocusonbuildingqualityEAframeworkandotherrelevantprocesses.

Stage 5 – Build Reference ModelsBasedontheEAframeworkdevelopedpreviously,thisstageisallaboutbuildingthereferencemodelssothatagovernmentagencycanhavestandardviewsandtaxonomiesofkeyorganiza-tionalassetsandprocessessuchasbusiness,application,dataandtechnologydomains.

Stage 6 – Build Current Architectures

ThefocusofthisstageisincapturingthecurrentarchitecturesofthegovernmentagencysothattheagencycanclearlyunderstanditsITandbusinesslandscapes.Thiswouldallowabet-tervisibilityoftheinterconnectionsamongdifferentarchitecturesandcomponents,andaidinanalyzingtheagency’sissues,challengesandopportunitiesrelatingtobusiness,information/dataandtechnologies.

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Stage 7 – Build Target Architectures

Withthecompletionofthegovernmentagency’scurrentarchitectures,thisstagedevelopsthetargetarchitectures.Asablueprintforthegovernmentagencytorealizeitsgoalsanddesiredoutcomesin3to5years,thetargetarchitecturedefinestheimprovedbusinessandITland-scapes.

Stage 8 – Develop Transition Plan

Withthecompletionofthevarioustargetarchitecturesinthepreviousstage,itisnowimpor-tanttoplanandmanagethetransitionrequiredfromthecurrent landscapestothedesiredtargetlandscapes.

Stage 9 – Develop EA Management Plans

ThisstageisaboutdevelopingtheEAusageandmanagementplanssothatEAprocessesandvaluesbecomeanintegralpartoftheagencystandardoperatingprocedures.Toensurecontin-uedEAvaluedeliverytothegovernmentagency,itisnecessaryandimportanttoincorporateEAmanagementplansintothegovernmentagency.

Stage 10 – Execute & Maintain

ThisisthelaststagewhereagovernmentagencyexecutesandmaintainsitsEA.HavingcoveredmanystagesintheEAjourney,thislaststageconcernswithtakingactionstomakethegovern-mentagency’sEAintoareality.

1.8 NORA and NEA Framework

WhengovernmentagenciesdeveloptheirEAsaccordingtoNORA,notonlydotheydelivertheirownEAs,butalsoitensuresthatallEAdevelopmentcomplieswiththeoverallNEAFramework.

NORA allows government agencies to complywith and align to the national e-Governmenttransformationplanandinitiatives,itaidsgovernmentagenciestoshareapplicationsandinfor-mation,andtodevelophighlyintegratedbusinessfunctionsandservicesthatdelightcitizensandbusinesses.

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2. Stage 1- Develop EA Project Strategy2.1 Stage Summary

Thisstagedescribesthekeyactivitiestoresearch,planandobtainapprovaltoembarkontheEAproject.EachgovernmentagencyhastoobtainitsprojectfundingandtoeitherdevelopitsEAinternallyoroutsource.

2.2 Stage Purpose

Laythefoundationofagovernmentagency’sEAimplementationjourneywithcleardirectionsandcommitments.Thefollowingspecificexpectedoutcomesfromthisstageare:

• Increasethegovernmentagency’sEAawareness–fromtopmanagementtotheoperationsstaff

• DefineandcommunicateEAgoalsanddirections

• ObtainmanagementapprovaltoembarkontheEAjourney

• StageInitiation.

2.3 Stage Initiation

Yesserwillcommunicatewiththee-TransformationCommitteeineachgovernmentagencytoinitiatetheagencyEAimplementation.GovernmentagenciescanalsorequestanddiscusswithYessertoinitiatetheirEAprogram.

2.4 Key steps in Stage 1

Preparationisanimportantstagethatrequiresdiligentresearchandplanning.ThisisthefirstmajorsteptoembarkEAinthegovernmentagency.Thekeyactivitiesandexpecteddeliver-ablesinStage1areshownintablebelow.

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No Description Deliverable

1 Develop EA Project Strategy GovernmentAgency’sEAProjectStrategy

1.1

Analyze EA trends and case studies(bothinternationalandlocalagencies;alsoacrosssamelineofbusiness/Busi-nessfunctioninBRM)

DocumentrelevantEAtrendsandcasestud-iesrelatingtothegovernmentagency

1.2

ProvideEAawarenesstogovernmentagency’sbusinessandITleaders

(Governmentagenciescan inviteYes-sertobriefonNEA)

UnderstandtheimportanceofEA

1.3

Assess government agency’s e-trans-formationmaturity(ViaQiyas) and itsalignment of IT to the governmentbusiness

Submit and present the assessment re-porttothee-TransformationCommitteeorequivalent. The assessment shall describetheagency’s:

1. Maturityofitse-transformation

2. Effectivenessofitsbusinessfunctions

3. MaturityonITadoption

4. Agency’scapabilityonbusinessproductiv-ityanduseofIT.

1.4Document government agency’s EAprojectstrategy

DraftGovernmentAgency’sEAProjectStrategy

1.5PresentandobtainapprovalfortheEAprojectstrategy

ApprovedGovernmentAgency’sEAProjectStrategybyitse-TransformationCommitteeorequivalent

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TheEAProjectStrategyshouldfocusonstrategicandlong-termoutcomesforthegovernmentagency.Inthenextstep,amoredetailedEAProjectPlanwillbecreated.Forthisstep,theEAProjectStrategyshouldcoverthefollowingtopics:

1.TheEAValuePropositionsorPurposes

2.GoalsorObjectivesoftheEAProject

3. ScopeandScheduleoftheEAProject

4.EADevelopmentConsiderationsandApproach(includingphase/gradualdevelopmentstrat-egyandsourcingmethodi.e.In-HouseorOut-Source)

5.EstimatedCostandResources(Staff)Requirements.

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3. Stage 2 – Develop EA Project Plan3.1 Stage SummaryHavingestablishedanapprovedEAProjectStrategy,thegovernmentagencyhastocarryoutthedetailedplanfortheEAproject.Thisstagedescribesthekeyactivitiesinvolvedindevelop-ingandobtainingapprovalfortheEAproject.

3.2 Stage Purpose

ThegovernmentagencyhastostructureandformappropriateEACoreteam(s)anddevelopthedetailedEAprojectplan.Thefollowingspecificexpectedoutcomesfromthisstageare:

• Clarifyrolesandresponsibilitiesofmanagementandthevariousworkingteams

• ClarifythegovernanceandmanagementofEAinthegovernmentagency

• Obtainmanagementapprovalandcommitmentonthegoals,schedulesandresourcestode-velopandimplementtheEA.


ThisstagebeginswiththeendorsementorapprovaloftheEAProjectStrategyinStage1.

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3.4 Key Steps in Stage 2

Followingtablesummarizesthekeystepsinstage2.


2 Develop EA Project Plan GovernmentAgency’sEAProjectPlan

2.1 Uponapproval of theProject Strategy(Step1.4),proposeandsetupthevari-ousEAcommitteesandteamssuchasEAGovernanceCommittee,EAWorkingTeam,Business-DomainWorkingTeamandtheITWorkingTeam.

Approved EA committees and workingteams by the e-Transformation Committeeorequivalent

2.2 FinalizetheEAdevelopmentapproachsuch as scope, budget, schedule, andincluding outsourcing or insourcing ofthe Government Agency’s EA imple-mentation. Also include the adoptionof EA culture into all aspects of busi-nessandITplanningandreviews

Approved EA development approach by e-transformationcommitteeorequivalent

2.3 UponapprovalofSteps2.1&2.2, theEAworkingteamwilldocumentthede-tailedEAProjectPlan

DraftEAprojectplan

2.4 PresentandobtainapprovalfortheEAprojectplan

ApprovedEAprojectplanbytheEAGover-nanceCommittee

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4. Continues Governance4.1 Purpose of Governance

WiththeapprovedEAprojectplanbytheEAGovernanceCommitteeinthepreviousstage,theEACoreandworkingteamscanembarkonthedetailEAwork.AsEAisamassiveandlong-termproject, thereareboundtobemanychallengesand issues. It isvital, therefore,thattheEAgovernanceworkisalsoaddresstoensurethesuccessoftheproject.

ThepreviousstagehasdefinedherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheEAGovernanceCommittee.Hence,thepurposeoftheEAgovernanceisveryclear,i.e.tosteeranddirecttheEAprojecttosuccessfullymeetthegovernmentagency’svision,missionandstrategicgoals.RecommendedthattheEAGovernanceCommitteereporttothee-TransformationCommitteeoroneofthee-TransformationCommitteememberstochairtheEAGovernanceCommittee.

4.2 Outcome of Governance

Theoutcomesofthecontinuousgovernanceare:

1.Up-to-dateprojectreportingonschedules,budget,progressandchallenges

2.Pro-activeandtimelyreviewofdeliverablesandartifacts(insteadofreactivemanagement)

3.Top-downtransparencyinsolvingchallengesandissuesacrossthegovernmentagency

4.Effectivemanagementofresourcesinthegovernmentagency.

4.3 Governance Initiation

Thegovernmentagency’se-TransformationCommitteestarted thegovernanceby reviewingandapprovingtheEAProjectStrategyinStage1.TheEAgovernanceofficiallystartedwiththeformationoftheEAGovernanceCommitteeinStage2.NotethattheEAgovernanceisacon-tinuousactivityaffectingallstages.

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4.4 Key Areas in Governance

Keyareasingovernanceislistedbelow.


All ContinuousGovernance Success of Government Agency’s EAProject

1. Trackandmonitorthekeyactivitiesandde-liverables of the EA. Highlight to EAGover-nanceCommitteeonpotentialdelays,chang-esinscope,andlackofresources

ProgrammanagementofGovernmentAgency’sEAimplementation

2. ManagetheintroductionandchangestothevariousactivitiesintheEA.Inparticular,carryout activities on EA awareness and promo-tion

Change management especially onawareness and promotion of Govern-mentAgency’sEA

3. Managethecapability requirements for theEA implementation that includes training,changestojobscope,andreviewofdivision/departmentorganizationalstructures

Capability management on the pro-gression on the government agency’scapabilitiestocarryouttheEAProjectplans

4. Managethepoliciesandregulationsrequiredto implementthedifferent factorsoractivi-tiesoftheEAinthegovernmentagency

PolicymanagementonthepoliciesandregulationsrelatingtotheEAexecution

5. Manage the performance outcomes of theEAinthegovernmentagency

Performancemanagementonthemet-rics,KPIsandoutcomesoftheEA

AsEAaffectsthewholeofthegovernmentagency’sfunctions,andnotmerelyIT,itisvitalthattheEAGovernanceCommitteehas tocarryout itsgovernance functions throughout theEAlifecycle.

TheEAgovernancecoversfiveareasassummarizedinFigure3-programmanagement,changemanagement, capability management, policy management and performance management.Notethatthesefivemanagementareashavetobeplannedandexecutedtogetherratherthaninsequence.Throughprogrammanagement,whichactsasacentralmanagementarea,specificprojectsandtaskscanbeplanned,scheduledandmonitored.Detailsofthesegovernanceareasaredescribebelow.

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Figure 3 Five Aspects of EA governance

4.4.1 Program Management

TheEAwillbeacontinuousjourneywithdynamicchangesaffectingdifferentpartsofthear-chitecturesandreferencemodels.TheEAalsorecommendsinitiativesthatrequiretimetode-velopandfullyimplemented.

4.4.2 Change Management

BeforeEAexists,thegovernmentagencyhasbeenorganizing,planningandexecutingprojects(bothbusinessandIT)intypicalmanualandreactivefashion.TheintroductionofEArequiresbigchangestothegovernmentagencysuchasorganizationreview,integrated&strategicplan-ning,andmakingdecisionsone-Governmenttransformationprojectsinastructuredandtime-lyway.Thus,changemanagementisnecessaryforthesuccessoftheEAexecution.

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4.4.3 Capability Management

NotonlydoesEArequiresabigorganizationalchange,butitalsorequirescommitmentofthegovernmentagencytocontinuouslyimproveitscapability–i.e.thoughtprocessesinexecutingwork,improvingskills&experiencesinarchitecting,improvingbusinessprocesses&automa-tion,andinintegratedplanning&decision-making.

4.4.4 Policy Management

InthedevelopmentoftheEA,theteamswouldhavedifficultiestoidentifythingsasastandardoraguideline.Whilethisisnormal,theEAexecutionrequirespoliciesandregulationstoensureagovernmentagency-widestandardizationandadoptionofthevariousarchitectures/refer-encemodels.

4.4.5 Performance Management

Asastrategicenabler,EAprovidestheabilitytodefineandmeasureperformanceofthegov-ernmentagency.WhilethiscanbeincorporatedintothePerformanceArchitecture(whichisoptional),theexecutionofEAnonethelessrequiresperformancemetricstobedefinedsothatmanagementknowswhethertheEAprojecthasbeenasuccess.

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5. Stage 3 – Analyze Current Stage

5.1 Stage Summary

WiththeapprovedEAprojectplaninplace,theEACoreandworkingteamscanstarttheactualworkbyanalyzingthecurrentstateofthegovernmentagency.Thisstagedescribesthekeyactivi-tiesinreviewingandanalyzingthedifferentaspectsofthecurrentstateofthegovernmentagency.

5.2 Stage Purpose

Thegovernmentagencyhastocarryoutrequirementsstudyanddetailedanalysisofthecur-rentstateintermsofbothbusinessandIT.Thefollowingspecificexpectedoutcomesfromthisstageare:

1.Definethegovernmentagency’sEArequirements(mainlyfromkeystakeholders)

2.Documentthegovernmentagency’senvironmentanalysisreport–bothinternalandexter-nalanalysis

3. Document the government agency’s current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities andthreats(SWOT).

5.3 Stage initiation

ThisstagebeginswiththeendorsementorapprovaloftheEAProjectPlanfromStage2.


Thisstagekicksoffwithdocumentingthegovernmentagency’sEArequirementsandthecur-rentbusinessand IT landscapes (throughenvironmentanalysis). Thisdocumentwillhelp tosteertheEAjourneyinthefollowingstages.ThekeystepsinStage3arelistedinTablebelow.

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No Description Deliverable3 AnalyzeCurrentStage a.EARequirements

b.EAEnvironmentAnalysisReports(Current Business Landscape and Current ITLandscape)

c.SWOTAnalysisReport

3.1 Gather and document EA requirementsfromvariousstakeholderssuchase-Trans-formation Committee, EA GovernanceCommittee, main business functions’stakeholders,andEAworkingteams

GovernmentAgency’sEArequirementsre-viewedbyEAGovernanceCommittee

3.2 Gather and analyze Government Agen-cy’s internalenvironment suchasorga-nizationalcapabilitytoplanandexecutee-transformation plan, business planandITplan

Government Agency’s EA environmentanalysisreportreviewedbyEAGovernanceCommittee

3.3 Gather and analyze Government Agen-cy’s external environment such as gen-eral trends in EA, United Nations orsimilare-Governmentrankingsincludingrecommendations, prioritized nationalprojectsandnewgovernmentpolicies

Government Agency’s EA environmentanalysisreportreviewedbyEAGovernanceCommittee

3.4 PresenttotheEAGovernanceCommittee EA Governance Committee is informedaboutthedetailedcurrentstateofthegov-ernmentagency

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6. Stage 4 – Develop EA Framework6.1 Stage Summary

This isthestagewhereagovernmentagencystartstodevelopitsEA. Inthisstage,thegov-ernmentagencyconstructsthemainpillarssuchasEAvision&mission,architecturegoals&principles, EAFramework, taxonomy,andother related standards that is fundamental to itsEAjourney.ThegovernmentagencyshouldfocusonbuildingqualityEAframeworkandotherrelevantprocesses.

6.2 Stage Purpose

ThepreviousstagegavetheEArequirementsandenvironmentanalysisreportssothattheEACoreteamknowswhatthegovernmentagency’sEAhastoaddress.Thepurposeofstage4istoarchitectimportantEAfundamentalsthatwillsteerandguidetheEAdevelopmentinsubse-quentstages.Thefollowingspecificexpectedoutcomesfromthisstageare:

1.Definethegovernmentagency’sEAvision,mission,architecturegoalsandarchitectureprin-ciples

2.DefineEAdocumentationstandard

3.DefineEAartifactreviewandapprovalprocess

4.Createthegovernmentagency’sEAFramework.


ThisstagebeginswiththecompletedEArequirements,environmentanalysisreports(bothcur-rentbusinessandcurrentITlandscapes)andtheSWOTanalysisreportfromStage3.NotethattheEAGovernanceCommitteemayalsoprovideadditionalstrategicrequirementsattheendofStage3.

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Stage4focusesonhighlevelarchitectureactivitiesthatrequireexperienceandvision.ThekeystepsinStage4arelistedinTablebelow.


4 DevelopEAFramework Government Agency’s EA Mission, Vision,Architecture Objectives and ArchitecturePrincipleStatements

GovernmentAgency’sEAFramework

4.1 Define EA’s vision and mission state-ments,&architectureobjectives

DraftEAVision,Mission, ,andarchitectureobjectives

4.2 DefineEA’sarchitectureprinciples DraftEAPrinciples

4.3 Present andobtain approval for EA vi-sion, mission and architecture objec-tives

Approved EA Vision, Mission, ArchitectureObjectivesandArchitecturePrinciples

4.4 DefineEAFrameworkstructure DraftEAFrameworkStructure

4.5 DesignEAarchitectureelements DraftEAArchitectureElements

4.6 DesignEAmodel DraftEAModel

4.7 DevelopEAdocumentationstandard EAdocumentationstandard

4.8 DevelopEAartifactsmanagementpro-cesses

DraftEAArtifactmanagementprocesses

4.9 Present and obtain approval for EAframework

ApprovedEAFramework

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7. Stage 5 Build Reference Models7.1 Stage Summary

Theprevioussectionhasdefinedanddescribedthereferencemodelsandarchitectures.BasedontheEAframeworkdevelopedpreviously,thisstageisallaboutbuildingthereferencemodelssothatagovernmentagencycanhavestandardviewsandtaxonomiesofkeyorganizationalas-setsandprocessessuchasbusiness,application,dataandtechnologydomains.

7.2 Stage Purpose

Thepurposeofstage5istoarchitectandbuildtherelevantEAreferencemodelsofthegovern-mentagency.Thefollowingspecificexpectedoutcomesfromthisstageare:

1.PerformanceReferenceModel

2.BusinessReferenceModel

3.ApplicationReferenceModel

4.DataReferenceModel

5.TechnologyReferenceModel.

Notethattheabovearerecommendedoutcomes.Agovernmentagencycanhavemoreorless,orevencombinereferencemodelsdependingonitsEArequirements,itsEAframeworkdesignand itsEAgoals.Otherexamplesof referencemodelsare security referencemodel, servicereferencemodelandinfrastructurereferencemodel.


ThisstagerequirestheEAvision,mission,architecturegoals&principles,andtheEAframe-workfromthepreviousstage.Inaddition,thegovernmentagencyneedstorefertoYesser’sNEAReferenceModels.ByreferringtotheNEAreferencemodels,thegovernmentagencycandeveloptheirownreferencemodelsensuringalignmentwithwholeofgovernmentaswellastoachieveitsEAgoals.

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7.3About NEA Reference Models

SincethegovernmentagencieshavetorefertoNEAreferencemodels,itisapre-requisitetounderstandallthefivereferencemodelsandtheirinter-relationships.

TheobjectivesorgoalsoftheNEAreferencemodelsare:

1.Toprovidewhole-of-governmentstructuredinformationonITandbusinesslandscapes

2. Toprovideeffectiveviewsorperspectives fordifferent stakeholders in thegovernment–frombusinesstoapplicationstodatatoITinfrastructure

3.Toprovideareferencepointforgovernmentagenciestoreviewanddistillrelevantinforma-tionanddesignfortheirownuse.

Figure4illustratestheNEAreferencemodelsandtheirinter-relationships.

Figure 4 NEA reference models and their inter-relationships

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a. Performance Reference Model

The Performance ReferenceModel (PRM) is an outcome-focusedmeasurement frameworkthatcanassistgovernmentagencies in thedesignand implementationofeffectivebusinessmeasurement systemsandperformancearchitectures. ThePRM, through themeasurementindicators,setstheperformancestandardsforthegovernment.Hence,fromanarchitecturalviewpoint,thePRMsetstheperformancestandardsfortheotherfourreferencemodels.

b. Business Reference Model

TheBusinessReferenceModel(BRM)isaclassificationcategoryusedtodescribethetypeofbusinessfunctionsforthewholeofSaudigovernment.Itgivesalogicalfunctionalviewinsteadoffunctionsbyphysicalgovernmentagencies.ThefunctionsandrequirementsinBRMdrivestheotherreferencemodels,i.e.ApplicationReferenceModel,DataReferenceModelandTech-nologyReferenceModel.

c. Application Reference Model

TheApplicationReferenceModel (ARM) is a categorizationof different typesof applicationsystems,applicationcomponentsandinterfaces.ItistheframeworkforcategorizingnationalsharedITsystemsandapplicationcomponentstohelpidentifyopportunitiesforsharing,reuse,andconsolidationorrenegotiationofsoftwarelicenses.TheARMsupportsdirectlytheBRMindeliveringthebusinessoutcomes.

d. Data Reference Model

TheDRM(DataReferenceModel)isamodelthatclassifiesdataanddefinesastandarddatastructuretosupportdevelopingdataarchitectureandpromotingdatastandardization/reuse/management.TheDRMsupports theARMdirectly indeliveringbusinessgoalsbysupplyingdataandinformation.Thevariousapplicationsystemshavetousedatatoprovideinformationtothebusinesses.

e. Technology Reference Model

The Technology ReferenceModel (TRM) classifies and defines technologies and technologystandards/specifications that support businesses and services. Under structured technologyclassifications, technology standards are define to promote inter-operability among govern-mentagencies.TheTRMsupportsthedatausageinDRM,supportsapplicationsystemsinARM

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throughthetechnologydefinitionsandinfrastructureimplementations,andsupportstheagen-cystaffthroughuseofpersonalandofficetechnologies.

PleaserefertotheactualNEAreferencemodelsfordetails.


Stage5isallaboutbuildingtherelevantreferencemodels.TablebelowlistsallthekeystepsinStage5.


5 DocumentGovernmentAgency’sReferenceModels

GovernmentAgency’sReferenceModels

5.1 Develop a model that standardizes perfor-mance elements for improving IT projectsand their quality.Obtain approval from theEAGovernanceCommittee

Approved Performance ReferenceModel

5.2 Developamodelthatclassifiesanddefinesbusi-nessfunctionsandrelatedinformation.ObtainapprovalfromtheEAGovernanceCommittee

ApprovedBusinessReferenceModel

5.3 Develop a model that classifies and definessharedapplicationsystems/componentstopro-moteserviceintegrationandreusebyidentify-ingredundantorcorrelatedapplications.ObtainapprovalfromtheEAGovernanceCommittee

ApprovedApplicationReferenceMod-el

5.4 Develop a model that classifies data anddefinesstandarddatastructures to supportdata architecture development, data stan-dard,anddatareuse.Obtainapproval fromtheEAGovernanceCommittee

ApprovedDataReferenceModel

5.5 Developamodel that classifiesanddefinestechnologies and technology standards/specifications, which support business andservices.ObtainapprovalfromtheEAGover-nanceCommittee

ApprovedTechnologyReferenceModel

Inbuildingthevariousagency’sreferencemodels,theEACoreandworkingteamshavetomakereferencetoitsEAFramework(developedinStage4)andNEAReferenceModels.

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8. Stage 6 - Build Current Architecture

8.1 Stage Summary

Oncetheframeworkandreferencemodelsareestablishedandagreedupon,thegovernmentagencyembarksononeofthemostcriticalstepsinitsEAjourney.Thefocusofthisstageisincapturingthecurrentarchitecturesofthegovernmentagencysothattheagencycanclearlyun-derstanditsITandbusinesslandscapes.Thiswouldallowabettervisibilityoftheinterconnec-tionsamongdifferentarchitecturesandcomponents,andaidinanalyzingtheagency’sissues,challengesandopportunitiesrelatingtobusiness,information/dataandtechnologies.

The information captured and architectures created in this stage includeBusinessArchitec-ture,ApplicationArchitecture,DataArchitectureandTechnologyArchitecture.ThegovernmentagencymaybuildallthecurrentarchitecturesorselectiverelevantarchitecturesdependingonitsEAscopeanddevelopmentstrategy.

8.2 Stage Purpose

Thepurposeof thisstage is toanalyzeanddocumentthestatusof thecurrentgovernmentagency’sITandbusinesslandscapes.Theexpectedoutcomesordeliverablesofthisstageare:

1.CurrentBusinessArchitecture

2.CurrentApplicationArchitecture

3.CurrentDataArchitecture

4.CurrentTechnologyArchitecture.

Notethattheabovearerecommendedoutcomes.AgovernmentagencycanhavemoreorlessarchitecturesdependingonitsEAscope,goals,EAframeworkdesignanddevelopmentstrat-egy.Otherexamplesnotlistedaboveincludecurrentsecurityandperformancearchitectures.

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Withthecompletionofthepreviousphases,theEACoreTeamandworkingteamshavetoen-surethatthefollowingdeliverablesareinplace:

1.PerformanceReferenceModel

2.BusinessReferenceModel

3.ApplicationReferenceModel

4.DataReferenceModel

5.TechnologyReferenceModel.

Again,dependingontheEAscopeanddevelopmentstrategy,thegovernmentagencyhastoensurethatthecorrespondingreferencemodelsarecompleted.Ifthegovernmentagencyin-tendstobuildallarchitectures,thenitneedsthefiveabovereferencemodels.However,ifthegovernmentagency isdoinga specificEAscope suchasdataand technologyconsolidation,thenitneedstohaveatleastthedataandtechnologyreferencemodelsinplace.


Tablebelowlistthekeyactivitiesandexpecteddeliverablesforstage6.


6 Build Government Agency’s Current Ar-chitectures

Government Agency’s Relevant CurrentArchitectures

6.1 CapturecurrentbusinessandITdata GovernmentAgency’sCurrentData

6.2 Analyzeandbuildthebusinessarchitec-turethatdescribes thecurrentbusinessfunctions, sub-business functions, busi-ness processes, business activities andbusinessservices

Government Agency’s Current BusinessArchitecture

6.3 Analyze and build the application archi-tecture that listsall thecurrent applica-tions(fullyautomated,partialautomated& manual), and the relationships be-tween these applications and the busi-nessfunctions/processes/services

GovernmentAgency’sCurrentApplicationArchitecture

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6.4 Analyze and build the data architecturethat showsall thecurrent datausedbythe government agency, the usage ofdata by applications including data ex-changewithinandexternally

GovernmentAgency’sCurrentDataArchi-tecture

6.5 Analyze andbuild the technology archi-tecturethat illustrates thecurrent IT in-frastructureusedbythevariousapplica-tions,dataandpeople

GovernmentAgency’sCurrentTechnologyArchitecture

6.6 CurrentArchitectureAnalysis SummaryofImprovementOpportunities

8.4.1 Step 6.1 Capture current Business and IT Data

ThefirstimportantstepistocaptureboththecurrentbusinessandITdatainthegovernmentagency.Currentdataisrequiredtounderstandtheactualrealityoftheagency’sbusinessandITlandscapes.Datahastobeup-to-date,accurateandverified.Itisalwaysbettertohavemoredetaileddatathaninsufficientdata.

Dependingontheagency’sactualEAscopeandobjectives,theEACoreandworkingteamshavetopreparetherelevantmeanstocapturetherequireddata.IftheagencyisdoingtheentireEA,thenithastocaptureinformationaboutthebusiness,applications,data/databasesandinfrastructure.Ontheotherhand,iftheagencyisdoingonlytechnologyarchitecture,thenithastocapturethecurrentITtechnologiesandinfrastructuredata.

However,theteamsmayfacedifficultytoobtainthesupportofthevariouspartiesordivisionsto capture the currentdata.Aspartof changemanagement (please seeContinuousGover-nance–ChangeManagementsection),itisrecommendedtoprovideclearcommunicationstotherelevantdepartments,divisionsorbranchesintheagencyontheneedforEAandthedatacapturingexercise.

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Thefollowingaretherecommendedactivitiestocapturecurrentdataintheagency:

S/No Activity

1 Identifydataelementsanddatasourcesrequired

2 Designdatacapturingmethod(s)

3 Designdatacapturingtemplates

4 PresenttoEAGovernanceCommitteeondatacapturingapproach

5 Brieftherelevantparties

6 Capturetherelevantcurrentdata

7 Verifyandupdate

8.4.2 Step 6.2 Analyze and build current business architectureOncompletion,thecurrentBAwilldepictthecurrentbusinesslandscapeofthegovernmentagency.SincetheBAisanexpansionoftheagencyBRM,thefollowingaretheartifactsorde-liverables.Notethattherearethreeadditionalartifactsordeliverables.Collectively,theywillprovideacomprehensivedescriptionofthecurrentBA.

No Artifact / Deliverable Description

1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofBA2 BAPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofBA3 BusinessAreas(BRM) Themainbusinessareasfortheagency4 LinesofBusiness(BRM) ThemainLoBs(LineofBusiness)fortheagency

withinthebusinessareas5 BusinessFunctions(BRM) The key business function descriptions within

LoBs6 Sub-BusinessFunctions(BRM) The sub-business function descriptions within

eachbusinessfunction7 BusinessProcesses Thelistofbusinessprocessdescriptionswithin

eachsub-businessfunction8 OrganizationChart Thecurrentorganizationchartfortheagency9 ServiceCatalogue Thecurrentlistofbusinessservices

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Building the Agency BA

BelowtablesummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencyBA.

No Activity Artifact / Deliverable

1 DefinetheBApurposeordirec-tion

BApurpose/directionstatement

2 DefinetheBAprinciples BAprinciples

3 Document the organization in-formation

Organizationchart

4 Define the businessfunctions(BRM)

Reviewed/updatedbusinessareas,LoBs,businessfunctionsandcreatedsub-businessfunctions

5 Definethebusinessprocesses Listofbusinessprocessesfortheagency

6 Document the service cata-logue

Servicecatalogue

7 Documentandreview RevieweddraftcurrentBA

8 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencycurrentBA

ThefigurebelowshowstherelationshipsamongBAartifactsandtherelationshipswithartifactsfromotherarchitectures.

Figure 5 BA artifacts’ relationship diagram

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8.4.3 Step 6.3 Analyze and build current application architecture

BelowtablesummarizestheagencyBArelationshipswithothercurrentarchitectures.

Other Current Architectures AA Relationship

BA AAprovidesapplicationsystemstothevariousbusinessfunctionsinthegovernmentagency

DA AArequiresdatamodelanddataelementstobeusefordecisionmakingandefficientoperations

TA AAprovidestherequirementsfortechnologiestosupportthehost-ingandusageofapplicationsystems

Description about the Agency AA

Oncompletion,thecurrentAAwilldepictthecurrentapplicationlandscapeofthegovernmentagency.SincetheAAisanexpansionoftheagencyARM,itprovidesacatalogueofcurrentap-plications.TheapplicationcatalogueandthreeotheradditionalartifactsordeliverablesprovideacomprehensivedescriptionofthecurrentAA.


1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofAA

2 AAPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofAA

3 ApplicationSystems(ARM) Themainapplicationsystemsfortheagency

4 ApplicationComponents(ARM) Thekeyapplicationcomponentsfortheagency

5 ApplicationInterfaces(ARM) Themainapplicationinterfacesfortheagency

6 ApplicationCatalogue Thelistofapplicationsandtheirattributes

7 ApplicationFunctions Thedescriptionabouttheapplicationfunctions

8 ApplicationRelationships Thedescriptionabouttheapplicationrelationships

9 ApplicationOverview The overview description of the application sys-tems

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Building the Agency AA

BelowtablesummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencyAA.

No Activity Artifact / Deliverable1 DefinetheAApurposeordirection AApurpose/directionstatement

2 DefinetheAAprinciples AAprinciples

3 Review application systems, appli-cationcomponentsandapplicationinterfaces(ARM)

Reviewed/updatedapplicationsystems,appli-cationcomponentsandapplicationinterfaces

4 Documenttheapplicationoverview Applicationoverview

5 Documenttheapplicationcatalogue Applicationcatalogue

6 Documenttheapplicationfunctions Applicationfunctions

7 Document the application relation-ships

Applicationrelationships

8 Documentandreview RevieweddraftcurrentAA

9 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencycurrentAA

ThefigurebelowshowstherelationshipsamongAAartifactsandtherelationshipswithartifactsfromotherarchitectures.

Figure 6 AA artifacts’ relationship diagram

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8.4.4 Step 6.4 Analyze and build current data architecture

Oncompletion,thecurrentDAwilldepictthecurrentdatalandscapeofthegovernmentagen-cy.SincetheDAisanexpansionoftheagencyDRM,itprovidesacatalogueofdataandthedatamodelscurrentlyinuse.TherewillbefiveadditionalartifactsintheDA.Together,theygiveacomprehensivedescriptionofthecurrentdatausageinthegovernmentagency.


1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofDA

2 DAPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofDA

3 DataModel(DRM) Themaindatamodelfortheagency

4 DataClassifications(DRM) Thekeydataclassifications

5 DataStructure(DRM) Themaindatastructuresfortheagency

6 DataExchange(DRM) Thelistofdataexchangesfortheagency

7 ConceptualDataModel The pictorial high-level description of datamodelfortheagency

8 LogicalDataModel Thelogicaldatamodelsoftheagency

9 DataFlowDiagrams Thevariouspictorialrepresentationsofdataflowsfortheagency

10 DatabasePortfolioCatalogue Theconsolidationofalldatabasesintheagency

11 DataDictionary Thedefinitionsforcommondataintheagency

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Building the Agency DA

TablebelowsummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencyDA.

No Activity Artifact / Deliverable1 DefinetheDApurposeordirection DApurpose/directionstatement

2 DefinetheDAprinciples DAprinciples

3 Review data model, data classifica-tionsanddatastructures(DRM)

Reviewed/updateddatamodel,dataclassifi-cationsanddatastructures

4 Createtheconceptualdatamodel Conceptualdatamodel

5 Createthelogicaldatamodel Logicaldatamodel

6 Documentthedataflowdiagrams Dataflowdiagrams

7 Compile thedatabaseportfolio cata-logue

Databaseportfoliocatalogue

8 Documentthedatadictionary Datadictionary

9 Documentandreview RevieweddraftcurrentDA

10 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencycurrentDA

BelowtablesummarizestheagencyDArelationshipswithothercurrentarchitectures.

Other Current Architectures DA Relationship

BA DA provides information on agency-wide data and sources ofdata fromexternal parties; this aids decisions ondata sharingandre-use

AA DA provides datamodels, database information and data ele-mentstobeusebyapplicationsystems

TA DAprovides the requirements for technologies to support thehostingandusageofdatabasesystemsanddataexchanges

ThefigurebelowshowstherelationshipsamongDAartifactsandtherelationshipswitharti-factsfromotherarchitectures.

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Figure 7 DA artifacts’ relationship diagram

8.4.5 Step 6.5 Analyze and build current technology architecture

AstheEACoreandworkingteamshavealreadydevelopedothercurrentarchitectures, it isimportanttounderstandtheirinter-relationshipsassummarizedinbelowtable.

Other Current Architectures TA Relationship

BA TAprovides the client andoffice technologies such as PCs,mobiledevices,printersandscannerstotheagencyemployeesindifferentbranchesanddivisions

AA TAprovidestheinfrastructuretechnologiestohostandsupportap-plicationsystemsandcomponents

DA TAprovidesthe infrastructuretechnologies toenabledatatransac-tionsandexchanges

Oncompletion,thecurrentTAwilldepictthecurrenttechnologylandscapeofthegovernmentagency.SincetheTAisanexpansionoftheagencyTRM,thefollowingaretheartifactsorde-liverables.Note that thereare fouradditionalartifactsordeliverables.Collectively, theywillprovideacomprehensivedescriptionofthecurrentTA.

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1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofTA2 TRMPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofTA3 ServiceArea(TRM) Thehighestleveltechnologyservicearea4 ServiceCategory(TRM) Thetechnologyservicecategorywithinaservicearea5 ServiceStandard(TRM) Thelistoftechnologyservicestandardsinuse6 InfrastructureOverview Thehigh-level representationof IT landscape in the

governmentagency(normallyindiagrammaticform)7 InfrastructureDescription Thedescriptionsofthemaininfrastructuretechnol-

ogiesinuse8 HardwareCatalogue Thecurrentlistofhardware9 SoftwareCatalogue Thecurrentlistofsoftware

BelowtablesummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencyTA.


1 DefinetheTApurposeordirection TApurpose/directionstatement

2 DefinetheTAprinciples TAprinciples

3 Reviewtheserviceareasandservicecat-egories(TRM)

Reviewed service categories within ser-viceareasfortheagency

4 Reviewtheservicestandards(TRM) Reviewed service standards within eachservicecategoryrelevantforagency

5 Analyzethedatacollected Nil

6 Describetheinfrastructureoverview High-level representationof IT landscapeinagency

7 Providetheinfrastructuredescriptions List of infrastructure technology descrip-tionsinuse

8 Developthehardwarecatalogue Listofhardwareinuse

9 Developthesoftwarecatalogue Listofsoftwareinuse

10 Documentandreview RevieweddraftcurrentTA

11 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencycurrentTA

ThefigurebelowshowstherelationshipsamongTAartifactsandtherelationshipswithartifactsfromotherarchitectures.

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Figure 8 Relationship TA artifacts

8.4.6 Step 6.6 Current architecture analysis

It isamajoraccomplishmentmilestoneonthecompletionofcapturingthecurrentarchitec-tures.Withtheinformationandpictorialrepresentations,theEACoreandworkingteamscanhavedifferentperspectivesaboutthegovernmentagencyonthebusiness,applications,dataandinfrastructure.Thesecurrentarchitecturesalsoallowthediscoveryofnotsoobviouslink-ages,dependencies,andevensynergiesorintegratedcomponents.Ontheotherhandisamile-stoneunlikeany,thisisbecauseitperformsmanyimportantaspectsincludingbutnotlimitedtothefollowing.Theadvantageofviewingthewholeofenterprisecuttingacrosssilos,estab-lishingtheobviousandnotsoobviouslinkagesanddependencies,capturingofsynergiesetc.facilitateidentificationofopportunitiesforprogressoftheagencyaswellastheissuesthatarehinderingitsfuturegrowth.

Thecurrentarchitectureanalysisisanactivitytounderstandcurrentissuesandchallengesofthegovernmentagencyononehand,andtoexploreideasforimprovementandintegrationontheotherhand.

Thefollowingdescribesimportantactivitiesforthisstep.

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1 AnalyzeBA BAimprovementopportunities

2 AnalyzeAA AAimprovementopportunities

3 AnalyzeDA DAimprovementopportunities

4 AnalyzeTA TAimprovementopportunities

5 Documentandreview Revieweddraft summaryof improvementopportuni-ties

6 Obtaingovernanceapproval Approvedagencysummaryofimprovements

1. Analyze BA

ReviewthecurrentBA.

ArecommendedmethodistocomparetheBAartifactsagainsttheagency’smissionandvisionstatements,strategicgoals/objectives,theagencyannualplans,theSaudie-GovernmentPlan,theagencyPRMandtheagencye-transformationplan(ifany).TheEACoreandworkingteamscanalsouseanalysistoolssuchasValueChainanalysis,7Sanalysis,SWOTanalysisandbusinessprocesssimulation.Carryoutthefollowingactivities:

a.ListthemainissuesandchallengesfacedinBA

b.Analyzethebusinessfunctionsandservicesbylogicalandphysicaldimensions

c.Listtheprioritizedstrategicbusinessoutcomes

d.Listthekeybusinessworkactivitiesorfunctions,andhowtheyhavetoimprovebasedon(a)and(c)

e.UsingtheBAprinciplesasaguide,definespecificimprovementopportunitiesforthelistin(d).

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2. Analyze AA

ReviewthecurrentAA.

ArecommendedmethodistocomparetheAAartifactsagainstthestrategicgoals/objectives,theagencyannualplans,theSaudie-GovernmentPlan,theagencyPRM,prioritizedapplicationlist(fromagencyARM)andtheagencye-transformationplan(ifany).TheEACoreandworkingteamscanalsouseSWOTanalysis.Carryoutthefollowingactivities:

a. ListthemainissuesandchallengesfacedinAA

b. Identifysomeoftheglobaltrendsinapplicationsystems

c. Analyzetheapplicationsystemsbycategoriesanddepartments/branches;alsoanalyzetherequiredapplicationsystemstosupporttheBAimprovementopportunities

d.List the prioritized application systems, components and interfaces for development, re-placement,amendmentandretirement

e. UsingtheAAprinciplesasaguide,definespecificimprovementopportunitiesforthelistin(d).

3. Analyze DA

ReviewthecurrentDA.

ArecommendedmethodistocomparetheDAartifactsagainsttheagencyannualplans,theSaudie-GovernmentPlan,theagencyPRMandtheagencye-transformationplan(ifany).TheEACoreandworkingteamscanalsouseanalysis toolssuchasdatadependencyandSWOTanalysis.Carryoutthefollowingactivities:

a.ListthemainissuesandchallengesfacedinDA

b.Identifysomeoftheglobaltrendsindatamanagementanddatausage

c.Analyzethedatarepresentedbylogicalandphysicaldimensions;alsoanalyzetherequireddatatosupporttheAAimprovementopportunities

d.Listtheprioritizedstrategicdatamodels,dataelementsanddatabases

e.UsingtheDAprinciplesasaguide,definespecificimprovementopportunitiesforthelistin(d).

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4. Analyze TA

ReviewthecurrentTA.

ArecommendedmethodistocomparetheTAartifactsagainsttheagencyannualplans,theSaudie-GovernmentPlan,theagencyPRMandtheagencye-transformationplan(ifany).TheEACoreandworkingteamscanalsouseanalysis toolssuchasdatadependencyandSWOTanalysis.Carryoutthefollowingactivities:

a.ListthemainissuesandchallengesfacedinDA

b.Identifysomeoftheglobaltechnologytrendsandtechnologystandards

c.Analyze the infrastructureandother technologies;alsoanalyze the required technologiesrequiredtosupporttheBA,AAandDAimprovementopportunities

d. List theprioritized strategic technologies fordevelopment;also include technologies thatrequiretobereplacedorretired

e.UsingtheTAprinciplesasaguide,definespecificimprovementopportunitiesforthelistin(d).

5. Document and review

Aftercompletingalltheanalysis,consolidatealltheimprovementareasanddocumentthemintoastructuredinformationbaseontheagency’sdocumentationstandards.Performacross-domainanalysis(BA,AA,DA,TA),toidentifyanddocumentmoreopportunitiesforimprove-ment.Doan internalreviewandupdates. It isalsoadvisabletogetotherparties–businessowners,applicationdevelopers,DBAsanddataowners,andtheinfrastructureteam-tocarryoutafinalreview.

6. Obtain governance approval

Withthecompletionofthedeliverableswiththeotheraboverelatedcontents,presenttotheEAGovernanceCommittee.TheChiefArchitectshouldfrontthispresentation.Fromthecom-mentsfromthecommittee,makethenecessarychangestoobtaintheirfinalapproval.

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9. Stage 7 – Build Target Architecture

9.1 Stage summary

Withthecompletionofthegovernmentagency’scurrentarchitectures,thisstagedevelopsthetargetarchitectures.Asablueprintforthegovernmentagencytorealizeitsgoalsanddesiredoutcomesin3to5years,thetargetarchitecturedefinestheimprovedbusinessandITland-scapes.

ThedetailedanalysiswillleadtothedevelopmentoftargetarchitecturesthatincludeBusinessArchitecture, Application Architecture, Data Architecture and Technology Architecture. Thegovernmentagencymaybuildall the targetarchitecturesor selectiverelevantarchitecturesdependingonitsEAscopeanddevelopmentstrategy.

9.2 Stage purpose

Thepurposeofthisstageistoanalyze,designanddocumentthetargetgovernmentagency’sITandbusinesslandscapes.Theexpectedoutcomesordeliverablesofthisstageare:

1.TargetBusinessArchitecture

2.TargetApplicationArchitecture

3.TargetDataArchitecture

4.TargetTechnologyArchitecture.

Notethattheabovearerecommendedoutcomes.AgovernmentagencycanhavemoreorlessarchitecturesdependingonitsEAscope,goals,EAframeworkdesignanddevelopmentstrat-egy.Otherexamplesnotlistedaboveincludetargetsecurityandperformancearchitectures.


Withthecompletionofthepreviousstages,theEACoreTeamandworkingteamshavetoen-surethatthefollowingdeliverablesareinplace:

1.SummaryofImprovementOpportunities

2.CurrentBusinessArchitecture

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3.CurrentApplicationArchitecture

4.CurrentDataArchitecture

5.CurrentTechnologyArchitecture.

Asmentionedabove,dependingontheEAscopeanddevelopmentstrategy,thegovernmentagencyhastoensurethatthecorrespondingcurrentarchitecturesarecompleted.Ifthegov-ernmentagencyintendstobuildallarchitectures,thenitneedsthefiveabovecurrentarchitec-tures.However,ifthegovernmentagencyisdoingaspecificEAscopesuchasdataandtechnol-ogyconsolidation,thenitneedstohaveatleastthedataandtechnologyarchitecturesinplace.

9.4 Key steps in stage 7

Belowtablelistthekeyactivitiesandexpecteddeliverablesforstage7.

No Description Deliverable7 BuildGovernmentAgency’sTargetArchitectures

7.1 Definedirectionsfordevelopingtargetarchitectureby analyzing environmental factors such as agen-cy’svision/principles,currentarchitecturesetc.

TargetArchitecturedirection

7.2 Analyzeandbuildthetargetbusinessarchitec-ture based on architecture principles, currentbusinessarchitecture’sanalysisresult,andcur-rentbusinessarchitecturedeliverables.

Government Agency’s target Busi-nessArchitecture

7.3 Analyze and build the target application archi-tecturebasedonarchitectureprinciples,currentapplicationarchitecture’sanalysisresult,andcur-rentapplicationarchitecturedeliverables.

GovernmentAgency’s targetAppli-cationArchitecture

7.4 Analyze andbuild the target data architecturebased on architecture principles, current dataarchitecture’s analysis result, and current dataarchitecturedeliverables.

Government Agency’s target DataArchitecture

7.5 Analyze and build the target technology archi-tecturebasedonarchitectureprinciples,currenttechnologyarchitecture’sanalysisresult,andcur-renttechnologyarchitecturedeliverables.

Government Agency’s target Tech-nologyArchitecture

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9.4.1 Step 7.1 Define directions for developing target architecture

Inthepreviousstage,theteamhasbuiltordocumentedthecurrentarchitectureandanalyzedcurrent architecture issues.Oneof the outputs from the previous stage is the Summary ofImprovementOpportunities. TheEACoreandworking teamshavealsopreviously analyzedagency’s vision/purposes& other environmental factors, and then, based on them,we candefinetargetarchitecture’sdirections.Thetablebelowliststheactivitiesindefiningdirectionsfortargetarchitecture.

No Activity Artifact / Deliverable1 ReviewagencyEAvisionandprinciples ReviewedagencyEAvisionandprinciples

2 Reviewenvironment and requirementsanalysis

Nil

3 Reviewcurrentimprovementopportunities Nil

4 Summarizetargetarchitecturedirections Targetarchitecturedirections

5 Documentandreview Revieweddrafttargetarchitecturedirections

6 Obtaingovernanceapproval Approvedtargetarchitecturedirections

9.4.2 Step 7.2 Build target business architecture

DescriptionabouttheagencytargetBA

Oncompletion,thetargetBAwilldepictthefuturebusinesslandscapeofthegovernmentagen-cy.SincethetargetBAisthefutureversionofthecurrentBA,bothhavethesameartifactsordeliverables.ThemaindifferenceisthatthetargetBAdescribesaboutthefuturescenarios–i.e.providingsolutionstothecurrentissuesandchallenges

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1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofBA

2 BAPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofBA

3 BusinessAreas(BRM) Themainbusinessareasfortheagency

4 LinesofBusiness(BRM) Themain LoBs for the agencywithin the businessareas

5 BusinessFunctions(BRM) ThekeybusinessfunctiondescriptionswithinLoBs6 Sub-BusinessFunctions(BRM) Thesub-business functiondescriptionswithineach

businessfunction7 BusinessProcesses Thetargetlistofbusinessprocessdescriptionswith-

in each sub-business function; highlight new, im-proved and deleted processes

8 OrganizationChart Thetargetorganizationchartfortheagency

9 ServiceCatalogue The target list of business services; highlight new, improved or deleted services

BuildingtheagencytargetBA

TablebelowsummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencytargetBA.

No Activity Artifact / Deliverable1 ReviewtheBApurposeordirectionand

BAprinciplesReviewed/updatedBApurposeordirectionstatement

2 ReviewtheBAprinciples Reviewed/updatedBAprinciples3 Define the target business functions

(BRM)Reviewed / updated business areas, LoBs,businessfunctionsandsub-businessfunctions

4 Definethetargetbusinessprocesses List of target improvedbusinessprocessesfortheagency

5 Definethetargetservicecatalogue Targetservicecatalogue

6 Documentthetargetorganizationin-formation

Targetorganizationchart

7 Documentandreview RevieweddrafttargetBA

8 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencytargetBA

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9.4.3 Step 7.3 Build target application architecture

DescriptionabouttheagencytargetAA

Oncompletion,thetargetAAwilldepictthefutureapplicationlandscapeofthegovernmentagency.SincethetargetAAisthefutureversionofthecurrentAA,bothhavethesameartifactsordeliverables.ThemaindifferenceisthatthetargetAAdescribesaboutthefuturescenarios–i.e.providingsolutionstothecurrentissuesandchallengessuchasnewapplicationsystems.


1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofAA

2 AAPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofAA

3 ApplicationSystems(ARM) Themaintargetapplicationsystemsfortheagency

4 ApplicationComponents(ARM) Thekeytargetapplicationcomponentsfortheagency

5 ApplicationInterfaces(ARM) Themaintargetapplicationinterfacesfortheagency

6 ApplicationCatalogue Thetargetlistofapplicationsandtheirattributes

7 ApplicationFunctions Thetargetdescriptionabouttheapplicationfunctions

8 ApplicationRelationships Thetargetdescriptionabouttheapplicationrelationships

9 ApplicationOverview Thetargetoverviewdescriptionoftheapplicationsystems

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BuildingtheagencytargetAA

BelowtablesummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencytargetAA.

No Activity Artifact / Deliverable1 DefinetheAApurposeordirection Reviewed / updated AA purpose or direction

statement

2 DefinetheAAprinciples Reviewed/updatedAAprinciples

3 Define the target application sys-tems, application componentsandapplicationinterfaces(ARM)

Targetapplicationsystems,applicationcompo-nentsandapplicationinterfaces

4 Document the target applicationoverview

Targetapplicationoverview

5 Document the target applicationcatalogue

Targetapplicationcatalogue

6 Document the target applicationfunctionsandrelationships

Targetapplicationfunctionsandapplicationre-lationships

7 Documentandreview RevieweddrafttargetAA

8 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencytargetAA

9.4.4 Step 7.4 Build target data architecture

DescriptionabouttheagencytargetDA

Oncompletion,thetargetDAwilldepictthefuturedatalandscapeofthegovernmentagency.Since thetargetDA is the futureversionof thecurrentDA,bothhavethesameartifactsordeliverables.Themaindifference is that the targetDAdescribesabout the futurescenarios–i.e.providingsolutionstothecurrentissuesandchallengesintermsofdatausageanddataexchange.

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No Artifact / Deliver-able

Description

1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofDA2 DAPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofDA3 DataModel Themaintargetdatamodelfortheagency4 DataClassifications(DRM) Thekeytargetdataclassifications5 DataStructure(DRM) Themaintargetdatastructuresfortheagency6 DataExchange(DRM) Thelistoftargetdataexchangesfortheagency7 ConceptualDataModel The target pictorial high-level description of data

modelfortheagency8 LogicalDataModel Thetargetlogicaldatamodelsoftheagency9 DataFlowDiagrams The various target pictorial representations of data

flowsfortheagency10 DatabasePortfolioCatalogue Thetargetconsolidationofalldatabasesintheagency11 DataDictionary Thetargetdefinitionsforcommondataintheagency

BuildingtheagencytargetDA

BelowtablesummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencytargetDA.


1 ReviewtheDApurposeordirection Reviewed/updatedDApurposeordirec-tionstatement

2 ReviewtheDAprinciples Reviewed/updatedDAprinciples

3 Updatedatamodel,dataclassifications,data structures and data exchanges(DRM)

Updatedtargetdatamodel,dataclassifica-tions,datastructuresanddataexchanges

4 Document the target conceptual andlogicaldatamodels

Target conceptual data model and targetlogicaldatamodel

5 Documentthetargetdataflowdiagrams Targetdataflowdiagrams

6 Compile the target database portfoliocatalogue

Targetdatabaseportfoliocatalogue

7 Documentthetargetdatadictionary TargetDatadictionary

8 Documentandreview RevieweddrafttargetDA

9 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencytargetDA

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9.4.5 Step 7.5 Build target technology architecture

DescriptionabouttheagencytargetTA

Oncompletion,thetargetTAwilldepictthefutureinfrastructurelandscapeofthegovernmentagency.SincethetargetTAisthefutureversionofthecurrentTA,bothhavethesameartifactsordeliverables.ThemaindifferenceisthatthetargetTAdescribesaboutthefuturescenarios–i.e.providingtechnologysolutionstothecurrentissuesandchallenges.


1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofTA

2 TRMPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofTA

3 ServiceArea(TRM) Thehighestleveltechnologyservicearea

4 ServiceCategory(TRM) Thetechnologyservicecategorywithinaservicearea

5 ServiceStandard(TRM) Thetargetlistoftechnologyservicestandards

6 InfrastructureOverview The target high-level representation of IT landscapeinthegovernmentagency(normallyindiagrammaticform)

7 InfrastructureDescription The target descriptions of the main infrastructuretechnologiesforfuture

8 HardwareCatalogue The list of hardware (no change; only when actualimplementation)

9 SoftwareCatalogue Thelistofsoftware(nochange;onlywhenactualim-plementation)

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BuildingtheagencytargetTA

TablebelowsummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencytargetTA.


1 ReviewtheTApurposeordirec-tion

Reviewed/updatedTApurposeordirectionstate-ment

2 ReviewtheTAprinciples Reviewed/updatedTAprinciples

3 Review the service areas andservicecategories(TRM)

Reviewed service categories within service areasfortheagency

4 Define the target service stan-dards

Target service standards within each service cat-egoryrelevantforagency

5 Describe the target infrastruc-tureoverview

High-levelrepresentationoftargetITlandscapeinagency

6 Updatethetargetinfrastructuredescriptions

Target infrastructure technology descriptions anddiagrams

7 Documentandreview RevieweddrafttargetTA

8 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencytargetTA

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10. Stage 8 – Develop Transition Plan

10.1 Stage summary

Withthecompletionofthevarioustargetarchitecturesinthepreviousstage,itisnowimportanttoplanandmanagethetransitionrequiredfromthecurrentlandscapestothedesiredtargetlandscapes.Thereisabiggapbetweencurrentandtargetarchitectures.Ifthesearenotman-agedthroughthetransitionplan,itistypicalthatthetargetarchitecturewouldnotberealized.

Thetransitionplanisaboutdefiningandprioritizingintermediateactivities,systemsandproj-ects inorder to implement that future stateof the targetarchitectures.Themajor focusofthisstageistodevelopadetailedtransitionplanconsistingofprojectsoractivities,requiredresources,timelineandbudget.TechniquessuchasABCAnalysis,PriorityAnalysis,ROIAnalysiscanbeutilizedinthisstage.

10.2 Stage purpose

Thepurposeofthisstagetomanagethetransitionbetweenthecurrentstatestothetargetstate.Theexpectedoutcomesordeliverablesofthisstageis:

1.TransitionPlan.


Withthecompletionofthepreviousstage,theEACoreandworkingteamshavetoensurethatthefollowingdeliverablesareinplace:

1.TargetBusinessArchitecture

2.TargetApplicationArchitecture

3.TargetDataArchitecture

4.TargetTechnologyArchitecture.

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DependingontheEAscopeanddevelopmentstrategy,thegovernmentagencyhastoensurethatthecorrespondingtargetarchitecturesarecompleted.Ifthegovernmentagencyintendstobuildallarchitectures,thenitneedsthefourabovetargetarchitectures.However,ifthegov-ernmentagencyisdoingaspecificEAscopesuchasdataandtechnologyconsolidation,thenitneedstohaveatleastthetargetdataandtechnologyarchitecturesinplace.

10.4 Key steps in stage 8

Belowtablelistthekeyactivitiesandexpecteddeliverablesforstage7.


8 DevelopTransitionPlan TransitionPlan

8.1 Definetransitionprojects Transitionprojectlist

8.2 Prioritizetransitionprojects Prioritizedtransitionprojectlist

8.3 Createtransitionroadmap Transitionroadmap

8.4 Analyzeanddocumentrequiredresourcesandoutcomes

Transitionresourceplan

8.5 Obtaininggovernanceapproval Approvedtransitionroadmapandresourceplan

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10.4.1 Step 8.1 Define transition projects

Thisactivityisaboutdefiningandprioritizingtransitionprojects.

No Activity Description

1. DefineIdeasforImprovement Improvementideasaredefinedbyclassifyingtheminto business/application sectors or with agency’scorebusinessfunctions

2. DefineTransitionProjects Transitionprojectsaredefinedbylistingupideasforimprovement,atargetarchitecture,andeacharchi-tecture area.

Listtransitionprojectsfromthecurrentandtargetarchitecturegapanalysisandcompletetheprojectlistbyadjustingandorganizingthemwhileconsider-ingpriority,sequence,etc.

Figure 9 Example selection method for transition plan

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11. Stage 9 – Develop Management Plan

11.1 Stage summary

ThisstageisaboutdevelopingtheEAusageandmanagementplanssothatEAprocessesandvaluesbecomeanintegralpartoftheagencystandardoperatingprocedures.Toensurecontin-uedEAvaluedeliverytothegovernmentagency,itisnecessaryandimportanttoincorporateEAmanagementplansintothegovernmentagency.

11.2 Stage purpose

ThepurposeofthisstageistoanalyzeanddocumenttheplaninensuringtheEAdeliverablesareacceptedandusebythedifferentstakeholders inthegovernmentagency.Theexpectedoutcomesordeliverablesofthisstageare:

1.EAusageplan

2.EAmanagementplan


Withthecompletionofthepreviousstage,theEACoreandworkingteamshavetoensurethatthefollowingdeliverablesareinplace:

1.TransitionRoadmap

2.TransitionResourcePlan.

Thisstageisalsoafollowuponimportantpoliciesordirectionstatementspreviouslydefinedun-derContinuousGovernancesection–onparticular,onEAusageandEAmanagementdirections.

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11.4 Key steps in stage 9Thetablebelowliststhekeyactivitiesandexpecteddeliverablesforstage9.No Description Deliverable9 DevelopManagementPlan EAUsageandManagementPlans

9.1 DevelopEAusageplan EAusageplan9.2 DevelopEAmanagementplan EAmanagementplan9.3 ObtainingGovernanceApproval ApprovedEAusageandmanagementplans

ManagementandGovernance

Under theContinuousGovernance section, the EAGovernanceCommitteehas set up cleardirectionsontheEAusageandmanagementplans.Thisstagewillfocusonthedevelopmentoftheseplans.

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12. Stage 10 – Execute and Maintain12.1 Stage Summary

ThisisthelaststagewhereagovernmentagencyexecutesandmaintainsitsEA.HavingcoveredmanystagesintheEAjourney,thislaststageconcernswithtakingactionstomakethegovern-mentagency’sEAintoareality.

12.2 Stage Purpose

ThepurposeofthisstageistofinallyimplementtheEAartifactsthatweredocumentedinthepreviousstages.Thefollowingaretheexpectedoutcomesofthisstage:

1.Promoteormarketthegovernmentagency’sEAsothatgovernmentemployeesareawareoftheusefulnessofEA

2.TrainsomeemployeesontheusingandmaintainingthevariousinformationrelatedtoEA

3.ExecuteorimplementtheEAincludingthemanagementofthetransitionactivities


Withthecompletionofthepreviousstages,theEACoreTeamandworkingteamshavetoen-surethatthefollowingdeliverables,inadditiontothetargetarchitectures,areinplace:

1.EAManagementPlan

2.EAUsagePlan

3.EATransitionPlan

Withalltheaboveplans,theEACoreTeamandworkingteamscanstarttheexecutionphase.

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ThelaststageisthefinalchallengefortheEACoreteamandworkingteammemberstomateri-alizetheirpreviousefforts.ThekeystepsinStage10areshowninTablebelow.


10 ExecuteandMaintain

10.1 Implement theEAUsage&Man-agementPlan

Project/ProgramManagementDeliverables

10.2 Implement the EA TransitionRoadmap

Project/ProgramManagementDeliverables

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لإلطالع علىNational Overall Reference Architecture (NORA)

ر زيارة موقع برنامج يسِّ

yesser.gov.sa

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national overall reference architecture (nora) – handbook ... · nora allows government agencies...

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