national industrial energy mapping strategy · 2017. 2. 8. · figure 2 shows many sectors that may...
TRANSCRIPT
CMC RESEARCH INSTITUTES | 3535 RESEARCH ROAD NW, CALGARY, AB, CANADA, T2L 2K8
National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy PRELIMINARY FEASIBILITY STUDY
T: 403-210-9784 email: [email protected] web: www.cmcghg.com
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 1
Executive Summary While most companies take steps to maximize energy efficiency within their own operations, little is
known about the type, quantity, variability, and quality of waste energy streams which could be
captured and utilized to optimize energy efficiency on a regional scale.
Regional waste energy mapping defines, measures and implements regional-scale energy efficiency
solutions that help to reduce energy costs, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and improve
regional business competitiveness.
Natural Resources Canada has a mandate to help Canadian industries to increase their energy
efficiency and help to decrease GHG emissions. It is estimated that Canada’s industrial sector
rejects approximately 2,300 PJ of waste heat to the environment each year, and if 25% of this
energy could be recovered and deployed in useful ways it could save roughly $3 billion in energy
costs, and reduce GHG emissions by 27 megatonnes per year.
The first step in recovering this lost energy is to engage in regional industrial waste energy mapping
on a national scale. Energy mapping will help to identify regional clusters of industries where waste
energy may be available, and explore geographic relationships to potential recipients of the energy.
The development of a robust set of regional data concerning the geographic distribution of waste
energy resources can support municipal development, and accelerate the development of new
industries in each region that can commercialize technologies to take advantage of those wasted
resources.
NRCan has collaborated with the CMC Research Institutes team on the first regional energy
mapping study in North America with the completion of the “Community Integrated Energy Mapping
Feasibility Study in Alberta’s Industrial Heartland and Strathcona Industrial Area”. While this study
focused on the cluster of petro-chemical industries north-east of Edmonton, Alberta, NRCan would
like to build on the success of this project to implement a nation-wide program for energy mapping to
assist all types of industry across Canada.
NRCan has commissioned the current preliminary study which investigates a series of questions
around the industries that would benefit, the potential size of waste energy markets, the regions that
may be involved, technologies that could be employed, and the possible program format and costs.
Preliminary findings indicate that approximately 76% of Canada’s GHG emissions sources could
have a component that would benefit from waste energy mapping. Alberta is a key industrial
Province that would benefit, along with southern Ontario, the Quebec St. Lawrence River corridor,
BC’s lower coastline, and several regions in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.
The program is best facilitated by a team comprised of leadership from a neutral third party, a
technical expert, and a local industry liaison. The program format would include evaluation of
regional clustering of industry, surveys of publically available data sources, an understanding of
future growth plans, and analysis of regional opportunities and challenges, and would be facilitated
through preliminary workshops in each region, site visits and interviews with plant managers and
operators.
The costs associated with regional energy mapping typically range between $300,000 to $500,000
depending upon the number of industrial sites, their complexity, the quantity, quality and variability of
available waste energy, the geography and size of each region, and proximity to potential recipients
of waste energy.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 2
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... 1
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Economic, environmental and social evidence to support the need for the recovery
of heat from industry .......................................................................................................................... 5
3. Characterisation of industrial waste energy – typical industries and typical heat forms ......... 9
4. Potential industry sectors, locations and potential level of improvement ................................ 11
5. Technologies for collection, storage and transportation of waste heat .................................... 15
6. Estimated energy / GHG reductions .............................................................................................. 20
7. Market potential for waste heat, internal and external to the industry ...................................... 20
8. Resource requirement to identify and quantify industrial waste heat ....................................... 22
9. Known barriers to industry participation and pragmatic approaches to overcoming them ... 22
10. Potential program format, cost estimates, roles for stakeholders, and funding partners ...... 23
10.1 Potential Program Format ....................................................................................................... 24
10.2 Roles for Stakeholders ............................................................................................................ 26
10.3 Cost Estimates .......................................................................................................................... 28
10.3.1 Development of a National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy .............................. 28
10.3.2 Implementation of National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy .............................. 28
10.4 Funding Partners ...................................................................................................................... 29
11. Timeframe for implementation ........................................................................................................ 30
12. Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 31
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 3
1. Introduction
Energy mapping has been identified by many organizations and governments as a process that
will enhance decision support, establish new capacities to address a variety of energy and
environmental issues simultaneously, enable energy market transformation, and reveal
regulatory barriers which are hindering the adoption of renewable energy sources. Many
communities across Canada have also produced Municipality Sustainability Plans and are
looking for tools like Energy Mapping to assist in delivering these plans.
The actual technology for capturing and distributing waste heat is well understood (for example,
district heating systems in Sweden are supplied with waste heat as far as 70 km from the
industrial source from which it is captured). However, the quantification of this resource on a
national scale has never been undertaken in Canada and thus the business case to use this
energy could never be investigated.
This Project will raise awareness among innovators, industry governments, municipal planning
departments and developers of a potential energy source and its associated business model.
This will assist in lowering the GHG impact of new communities significantly.
To that end, Natural Resources Canada has invited CMC Research Institutes to investigate the
preliminary steps in developing a National Industrial Waste Energy Mapping Strategy. This
report is a preliminary feasibility study that begins to address the following issues:
Economic, environmental and social evidence to support the need for the recovery of
heat from industry
Characterisation of industrial waste energy – typical industries and typical heat forms
Potential industry sectors, locations and potential level of improvement
Technologies for collection, storage and transportation of waste heat
Estimated energy / GHG reductions
Market potential for waste heat, internal and external to the industry
Resource requirement to identify and quantify industrial waste heat
Known barriers to industry participation and pragmatic approaches to overcoming them
Potential program format, cost estimates, roles for stakeholders, and funding partners
Timeframe for implementation.
Who is CMC Research Institutes?
CMC Research Institutes (CMC) is a federally incorporated, independent, not-for-profit business
with one key mission – accelerating innovation to eliminate industrial greenhouse gas
emissions. We do this through our research institutes, through the programs and services we
offer, and through special projects we accept and initiate. Our client groups include industry,
government, academic and non-academic researchers, technology developers and vendors,
and end users. The major industry sectors we serve are oil and gas, oil sands, electricity
generation and cement and chemical manufacturing.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 4
CMC is a trusted and valued member of any collaborative team because we bring a neutral,
evidenced-based approach to projects. We provide the integration, translation, adaptation,
application development, field-testing, piloting, and scale-up services required to rapidly move
concepts from lab bench to field while effectively managing risk at every step of the way. More
can be learned about our institutes, programs and projects by going to www.cmcghg.com.
The subsequent sections of the report provide background to the list of questions posed by
NRCan regarding the development and implementation of a national strategy on industrial
waste energy mapping.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 5
2. Economic, environmental and social evidence to support
the need for the recovery of heat from industry
Canada is a signatory to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
which is an international treaty signed by over 190 countries in 1992 with the goal of preventing
dangerous human-induced climate change by agreeing to limit the emission of greenhouse
gases (GHG) into the atmosphere.
Signatories to the UNFCCC were called on in the 2009 Copenhagen Accord, and subsequently
in the 2010 Cancun Agreement, to pledge national GHG emission reductions projected to the
year 2020.
Under the Copenhagen and Cancun Agreements, Canada has committed to reduce its GHG
emissions to 17% below 2005 levels by 2020. To achieve these reductions, Canada has
chosen a sector-by-sector approach to designing GHG regulations which will encourage
emissions reductions throughout the entire economy.
Figure 1 below shows Canada’s GHG emissions trend over the period covered by the UNFCCC
treaty. The GHG emissions target set in Copenhagen (2009) is shown in the year 2020.
Figure 1: Canada's Greenhouse Gas Emissions between 1990 - 2012. From National Inventory Report 1990-2012.
There is a gap to bridge between the current emissions of greenhouse gases, and the
Copenhagen goal. To achieve the 17% reductions from the emissions rate in 2005 (which were
736 Mt CO2e), Canada must meet an emissions rate of approximately 610 Mt CO2e in 2020.
Canada’s emissions have been reducing since 2005 though a number of incentives and
regulations, however the year 2020 is only five years away, and we must make additional
reductions of approximately 89 Mt CO2e, or 12.7% from the latest emissions reported to the
UNFCCC in 2012.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 6
To help address this gap, it is useful to break down the emissions by economic sector as shown
in Figure 2 for Canada in 2012. This breakdown gives an indication of where effort (and money)
is best spent in addressing GHG reductions.
Figure 2: Canada's greenhouse gas emissions by economic sector1 in 2012. From National Inventory Report 1990-2012
Figure 2 shows many sectors that may be improved through mapping of waste energy. These
include direct industrial sectors, but also can benefit other sectors such as Buildings which can
take waste heat from industry, or Electricity which can be offset through generation from waste
energy resources leading to zero-emissions electricity. Even agriculture may benefit from
industrial waste energy through using the recovered waste heat in industrial greenhouses. In
all, 76% of the emissions in Canada could have a component that derives a benefit from
mapping waste energy sources.
Canada is composed of 10 Provinces and three Territories, each of which has control of their
own resources and electricity production. As such, Canada’s GHG emissions as a whole are
composed of the emissions from each member of the federation and it is useful to disaggregate
the emissions by province as shown in Figure 3 to see where emissions are occurring.
1 Emissions Intensive & Trade Exposed Industries represent emissions arising from non oil and gas mining activities, smelting and refining, and the production and processing of industrial goods such as paper or cement. In the category of “Waste & Others”, the term “Others” includes coal production, light manufacturing, and forest products.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 7
Figure 3: Canada's GHG emissions by Province in 1990, 2005, and 2012. From National Inventory Report 1990-2012
It is clear that Alberta is the highest total emitter of greenhouse gases, with Ontario a close
second. Emissions across Canada are strongly influenced by the economic activities in each
Province (primary resource extraction and processing, manufacturing, etc.), and by the source
of electricity in each jurisdiction with higher emissions associated with regions that rely on fossil
fuels versus those that have higher proportions of hydro-power. Even in regions with greater
reliance on renewable electricity, the majority of industrial heating and processing applications is
achieved through combustion processes and the fuels are typically fossil fuels such as coal, pet-
coke or natural gas.
Therefore in areas with higher industrial activity there is typically a higher consumption of fossil
fuels and a related increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Energy from these industrial
processes is lost to the atmosphere through stack losses, cooling process and through venting.
Companies that have not maximized on site operations will lose energy to the environment.
These companies can benefit from individual energy audits of their plants to increase their
energy efficiency. However, even if individual industrial plants are fully optimized for energy
efficiency, energy will be lost simply due to thermodynamic limits of the processes. In both the
inefficient plant and the fully efficient plant there are opportunities to capitalize on these waste
energy streams on a regional-scale to improve regional energy efficiency. It should be noted
that regional energy mapping is not simply energy auditing, but rather identifying waste energy
streams that may have value when the region is viewed holistically.
Larger cumulative energy savings are achievable by looking for efficiencies at scales larger than
just a single site. Optimizing single sites in isolation from the larger regional context ignores
potential efficiencies between sites. As a result, the greatest efficiency gains and GHG
reductions will be obtained from adopting a regional perspective which considers efficiency
gains between sites.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 8
The following lists indicate a number of the environmental, economic, and social benefits of
engaging in regional waste energy mapping.
Environmental Importance
Improves energy efficiency within individual company operations;
Contributes to achieving regional energy efficiencies and verifiable GHG reductions at a regional scale;
Potentially improves regional air quality;
Accelerates the commercialization and adoption of innovative GHG reducing technologies; and,
Facilitates discussion about how to eliminate direct fossil fuel use for heating purposes in new communities in the region.
Economic Importance
Improves profitability and competitiveness by enabling industry to identify regional energy efficiency opportunities, reducing transaction costs, and reducing risks associated with technology investment decisions;
Facilitates community economic development and regional diversification by enabling efficiencies through industry clustering;
Enables identification of potential business opportunities that can arise from waste heat capture and distribution;
Enables characterization of particular energy technology needs and potential market sizes thereby supporting strategic technology investment decisions and the creation of vibrant open innovation communities; and,
Lowers reporting costs by facilitating the standardization of the way facilities and organizations report energy information.
Social Importance
Supports corporate community leadership when implementation solutions (greenhouses, district heating systems, micro-utility generation) exist;
Can improve local quality of life with reduced GHG emissions, improved air quality, potential for local food production (greenhouses), and learning opportunities for local schools surrounding demonstration projects;
Identifies and addresses the information sharing barriers that are preventing identification of regional-scale energy efficiency opportunities;
Identifies opportunities and barriers encountered by industrial parks or other regional developments seeking to achieve greater energy integration;
Facilitates a change in perspective among industry from viewing energy efficiency as a narrow set of technical issues within individual sites (e.g., heating & cooling systems, lighting, compressed air systems, motor systems, etc.) to viewing energy efficiency holistically across both a company and a region, helping to build momentum and interest by industry to identify and exploit energy integration opportunities to achieve greater productivity, increased competiveness, GHG reductions, and improved public image; and,
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 9
Supports decision-making processes by providing more detailed information to predict, or potentially monitor, the benefits of possible policy interventions (e.g., tax incentives, grants for technology improvement, etc.).
Environmental improvements in the form of reduced GHG emissions, economic benefits that
result from enhanced regional competitiveness and social benefits that improve regional
coordination regarding mutual challenges, are just a few examples of the evidence that regional
waste energy mapping can contribute to achieving long term GHG reduction targets.
3. Characterisation of industrial waste energy – typical
industries and typical heat forms
When conducting an initial scan of industries to include in a waste energy mapping study,
typically there is publically available data that is reported under government regulatory
requirements that may inform about the processes and heat sources and quantities. These
publically available data sources (NPRI reporting, GIS databases, reporting through industry
associations, etc.) are a good starting point that assists when transitioning to the interview and
data-collection phases of the project.
An initial scan indicates that industrial sectors across Canada that could benefit from waste
energy mapping include:
Electrical Power from thermal plants;
Oil and gas production (including oil sands);
Oil refining and upgrading;
Chemical and petrochemical plants;
Pulp and Paper mills;
Cement production;
Fish processing plants;
Data centres;
Iron, steel and other metallurgical production or processing;
Fertilizer production;
Textile production / dying; and,
Food and Beverage industry;
o Breweries;
o Distilleries;
o Sugar refining;
o Dairy processing;
o Meat processing;
o Edible Oil refining; and,
o Ethanol plants.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 10
The typical forms of heat found in industry are from combustion sources, compression, and heat
rejection from refrigeration systems.
Combustion of fuels generally produces very high-temperature process heating in industry (with
flame temperatures between 1200 – 1400 °C), and results in high-temperature flue gases
generally greater than 250 °C. Combustion is used in industry for many processes, including:
Coal, natural gas, oil, and biomass furnaces for power production;
Smelting of ore;
Metallurgical heat treatment;
Evaporation (distillation, concentration);
Drying (wood products, textiles);
Industrial food processing;
Chemical cracking and chemical reacting;
Boilers for steam or hot water production; and,
Heating of ventilation air.
Compression is used in many gas-handling applications. In Canada natural gas is transported
via pipelines that require large (~1 MW) gas compressor stations to move the product to end
users. In industrial plants it is very common to find compressed gases for processes
(petrochemical and chemical plants) and compressed air for operation of tools. Refrigeration
systems also use compression to increase the pressure of the refrigerant. In each system the
act of compressing a gas will increase the temperature of the gas, and the excess heat is
generally rejected on the outlet side of the compressor. The temperature at which heat of
compression is rejected depends on the gas being compressed and the pressure difference. In
general, industrial compression systems reject heat at moderate temperatures between 80 °C to
230°C.
The lowest useful temperature of industrial waste heat generally occurs in the range below 80°C
for process cooling, and for rejecting heat from low-temperature applications such as building
heating and cooling. These lower-temperature waste heat sources typically use cooling towers
to reject heat to the atmosphere. There are challenges in recovering heat at lower
temperatures, however these sources can also be useful in applications such as heating of
greenhouses, or pre-heating of make-up water for boilers.
Almost every industrial sector in Canada incorporates combustion, compression, and heat
rejection from refrigeration systems. When these operations exist with proximity to each other
or to municipal development, they become viable candidates for regional waste energy
mapping. To accelerate innovation in the capture and redistribution of waste energy, knowledge
about the resources available must be collected and shared with industry, municipalities, and
potential third-parties who may be able to capitalize on the waste streams. Characterization of
the waste energy streams is first done through publically available data sources, and is further
refined and spatially characterized through GIS data and conversations with plant operators to
determine the variety of energy sources available, the quantity and quality (pollutant levels,
temperatures, pressures), and their proximity to residential or commercial heat recipients.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 11
4. Potential industry sectors, locations and potential level of
improvement
A good indication of the industries, the locations, and the size of stationary emissions sources
across Canada (and North America) is presented in the North American Carbon Atlas Project.
This is a collaborative effort between Canada, the United States, and Mexico (respectively
through Natural Resources Canada, the US Dept. of Energy, and the Mexican SENER or
Secretariat of Energy) to communicate and cooperate on matters of common interest to each
country relating to energy and emissions. The goal of the North American Carbon Atlas Project
is to understand the size of CO2 emissions sources, their locations, and the geographic
relationship to potential geological carbon sequestration of greenhouse gases within
sedimentary basins beneath each nation. The following figures show stationary emissions
sources across Canada.
The industry sectors included in the North American Carbon Atlas Project are:
Agricultural Processing;
Cement;
Electricity production;
Ethanol;
Fertilizer;
Industrial;
Petroleum / Natural Gas; and,
Refineries / Chemicals.
Canada is involved in each of these sectors with applications varying by region. Figure 4
through Figure 7 show the locations and types of Canada’s largest emitters of greenhouse
gases. This is often a good proxy for waste heat that may be available in a location, since
emissions are closely associated with the combustion of fossil fuels.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 12
Figure 4: Large stationary sources of CO2 in Canada, greater than 100,000 tonnesCO2e/year (2009)2
2 “The North American Carbon Storage Atlas 2012” www.nacsap.org ; Natural Resources Canada (Canada), SENER (Mexico), U.S. Dept. of Energy (USA); 2012
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 13
Figure 5: Stationary CO2 emissions sources in Western Canada3
Figure 6: Stationary CO2 emissions sources in Eastern Canada
3 http://gis.netl.doe.gov/NACAP/
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 14
Figure 7: Stationary CO2 emissions sources in Windsor, ON - Quebec City, PQ, corridor4(http://gis.netl.doe.gov/NACAP/
By examining the North American Carbon Storage Atlas, regions with high point-sources of
GHG emissions (and by extension large combustion sources) can be identified. Potential
Regions with high waste heat include:
Kitimat, BC (Industrial);
Prince George, BC (Refinery/chemical, industrial);
Richmond, BC (Cement);
Burnaby, BC (Refinery/Chemical);
Trail, BC (Industrial);
Sparwood, BC (Industrial);
Medicine Hat, Alberta (Fertilizer, Power generation);
Edmonton, Alberta (Refinery/Chemical, cement, Industrial);
Ft. McMurray, Alberta (Refinery/Chemical, Power generation);
Lloydminster, Saskatchewan (Petroleum/Natural Gas, power generation);
Estevan, Saskatchewan (Power generation, industrial);
Regina, Saskatchewan (Refinery/Chemical, Industrial);
Brandon, Manitoba (Fertilizer);
Sault Sainte Marie, Ontario (Industrial);
Sarnia, Ontario (refinery/chemicals, power generation, petroleum/natural gas);
Windsor, Ontario (refinery/chemicals, power generation);
Hamilton, Ontario (industrial);
Oakville, Ontario (refinery/chemicals, cement);
Oshawa, Ontario (Darlington Generating Station);
Brampton, Ontario (power generation);
4 http://gis.netl.doe.gov/NACAP/
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 15
Nanticoke, Ontario (power generation, refinery/chemicals, industrial);
Montreal / Laval, Quebec (refinery/chemicals, cement);
Quebec City, Quebec (refinery/chemicals, cement);
Saint John, New Brunswick (power generation, refinery, industrial);
Halifax/Dartmouth, Nova Scotia (power generation, refinery);
Sydney, Nova Scotia (power generation); and,
Arnold’s Cove, Newfoundland (refinery).
There are many locations with high GHG emissions across Canada. However the list will be
informed and refined through cross-referencing other data sources such as Provincial and
Territorial governments, industrial associations, network organizations, the Federation of
Canadian Municipalities, and municipal development plans for new industrial development,
commercial areas, hospitals and other infrastructure. In general a large source of waste energy
does not, by itself, make a good opportunity for capturing and redeploying that stream. Good
projects depend on a combination of the right characteristics (temperature, pressure, pollutant
levels) of the waste energy streams with the right proximity of synergistic industrial plants,
commercial areas, or dense residential areas that can receive the waste energy. These factors
will be identified through regional waste energy mapping.
5. Technologies for collection, storage and transportation of
waste heat
Waste heat is generally captured using heat exchangers, transported via fluid through a
pipeline, used in low-temperature applications such as building heating, upgraded to higher
temperatures, or converted to another energy form such as electricity. Storage options for heat
include large tanks of fluid (typically water), storage in the ground in thermal boreholes, or in
phase-change materials.
In several regions in Canada, such as BC’s lower mainland and Ontario’s region around
Leamington, waste energy from industry can be used to heat greenhouses for food production.
Greenhouse applications in other areas of Canada that are not traditionally associated with food
production can help to diversify the local economy while reducing the GHG emissions
associated with food transportation.
Table 1 provides an overview of current and available possible technologies for capturing,
upgrading, or converting waste heat to other useful energy forms. It should be noted that CMC
Research Institutes has a network of 160 international partners working on the leading edge of
developing new technologies for GHG reduction and industrial energy efficiency. These
agencies can be leveraged to help improve Canada’s industrial sectors.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 16
Energy mapping could also be a technology driver for innovative technologies that are on the
horizon but not yet at commercialization. If the market is defined, it will pull technology
developers and accelerate commercialization.
Table 1: Overview of Technologies to Capture and Use Waste Heat
Heat Capture
Non-Condensing Heat
Exchanger
In combustion applications, the products of combustion are
composed of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Non-condensing
heat exchanger drops temperature of combustion exhaust to
temperatures ABOVE the condensation temperature of the water
vapor contained in the flue gas. With non-condensing heat
transfer the sensible component of heat energy only is collected.
The dew point temperature of the flue gases (when condensation
begins) depends on the moisture content of the flue gas.
Condensing Heat
Exchanger
Lots of heat is contained in the water vapor that leaves a flue stack
from a combustion process. Condensing heat exchangers drop
the temperature of flue gases BELOW the condensation
temperature of the moist flue gases. In these systems, both
sensible and latent heat energy are collected.
There may be contaminants in the flue gases (such as SOx, NOx,
and CO2 itself) that may cause the condensate to become acidic,
which may lead to corrosion issues with the heat exchanger and
the flue stack. These engineering issues can be addressed with
careful selection of materials, and with treatment of the
condensate to a neutral pH.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 17
Transport Membrane
Condenser
The Transport Membrane Condenser is a relatively new
technology which uses a porous ceramic to collect moisture from
flue gases through capillary action. The ceramic is highly
resistant to corrosion, and can be made to be highly selective so
that only water itself moves through the ceramic and pollutants
remain in the flue gases.
With transport membrane condensers sensible heat, latent heat
and demineralized water are collected.
Water generation may be an important feature of this technology
for industrial sites with water demand operating in water-restricted
areas.
Heat Pipes Heat pipes use sealed pipes containing a refrigerant that absorbs
heat at one end and rejects the heat at the other end. When heat
is applied, the refrigerant boils and the vapors move to the highest
point in the pipe due to buoyancy. A cooling stream is passed
over the exterior of the pipe where the vapors collect, which
causes the refrigerant to condense back into a liquid and drop to
the bottom of the pipe due to gravity. The use of wicking materials
within the heat pipe can allow the pipe to operate in orientations
other than vertical. The refrigerant cycles automatically based on
temperature differences between the two ends of the pipe.
Because the heat pipe depends on convection for the heat
transfer mechanism, the effective thermal conductivity is very high
compared to using material properties alone. Heat pipes can
have effective thermal conductivities up to 100,000 W/m.K which
is very high even compared to copper, a very heat conductive
material, which has a thermal conductivity of ~400 W/m.K.
Temperature Upgrade
Steam Recompression Low pressure steam can be re-compressed which increases the
temperature and pressure, thus increasing the usefulness of the
steam in industrial processes. This option must be considered
carefully as it takes a high quality energy source (electricity) to
recompress the steam which is a lower quality energy. However,
there may be processes internal to an industrial site that require
steam and in these cases it may be advantageous to use
electricity to recompress an existing waste steam source.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 18
Heat Pumps Heat Pumps use electricity to drive vapor-compression cycles that
take heat from a low temperature source and reject the heat to a
high temperature sink. The coefficient of performance (COP) of
heat pumps can be quite high – on the order of 4 or 5 – meaning
that for every kW of electrical input, 4 or 5 kW of heat is rejected
at the high temperature side of the device.
The newest generation of heat pumps using CO2 as working fluid
can have hot side up to 130 degrees C with COP of 2. These
temperatures can generate process steam using heat pump.
Heat to Cooling
Absorption Chillers Absorption chillers are counter-intuitive devices that use heat
source to drive a cooling effect. The cycle uses a binary fluid
solution in which heat is added to vaporize one of the components
(the refrigerant) out of solution while the other remains liquid. The
refrigerant is directed to a heat exchanger where heat is rejected
to atmosphere and refrigerant condenses to liquid. The liquid
refrigerant is passed through a restriction where the pressure
drop causes the liquid to evaporate and absorb heat from an
external source. The gaseous refrigerant is absorbed into the
carrier fluid and the cycle begins again.
Absorptions chillers can be used on industrial sites for process
cooling, or to cool inlet air for air compressors, aerial coolers, or
gas turbines which increases efficiency of these devices.
Electricity Generation
Rankine Cycle (Steam
Turbine)
The Rankine cycle is one of the most common thermodynamic
power cycles, and generally uses water as the working fluid.
If waste heat from industrial processes is at a high enough
temperature, steam can be generated and passed through a
turbine to generate electricity. Due to the high temperatures
involved, a steam power plant can be quite efficient. However,
this type of power plant requires many skilled operators which
means that only large projects typically make economic sense.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 19
Organic Rankine Cycle
(ORC)
ORC machines generates electricity with the same
thermodynamic cycle as a Steam cycle, but with an organic
working fluid (eg. Toluene, pentane, or other refrigerants) that has
a lower boiling point.
ORC machines operate with inlet temperatures ranging 80 degC
to 300 degC. Above these temperatures is the operating range
of steam turbines.
ORC machines have cycle efficiencies from 8% to 20%
depending on temperature difference between inlet and outlet,
with higher temperature drop leading to higher efficiencies.
Useful heat can also be recovered from the outlet side with
temperatures suitable for space heating or low-temperature
process heating.
Kalina Cycle The Kalina Cycle is similar to the ORC but uses a binary working
fluid in a mixed solution. The different fluids have different boiling
points, which means that more heat can be recovered over a
wider range of temperatures from the heat source than with a
single-fluid ORC machine.
The Kalina cycle machine operates like a combined-cycle power
plant, but with less machinery. Efficiency gains of 10% - 20% are
possible over single-fluid ORC machines.
Thermo-Electric Thermo-electric generators operate on the Seebeck Effect in
which a temperature difference causes electric current to flow in
a bi-metalic junction. It is an effect that allows heat to be
converted directly into electricity based on material properties.
The device requires high temperatures (~250 degC) and offer
typical efficiencies of 5 – 8%. Thermo-electric generators are
mostly used in remote sites where waste gas is available and the
cost of extending the electricity grid to the site is prohibitive. The
devices sometimes have the generators surrounding gas burners
to produce a high temperature difference, however the effect will
work with any high temperature source. Thermo-electric
generators have the advantage of no moving parts meaning they
are very robust and low maintenance.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 20
Technology is always advancing, and the same is true of methods to capture, transport, store
and use waste energy streams. The quantity of heat that is lost to the environment from the
Canadian industrial sector is quite large and contributes to our high per capita GHG emissions,
and high cost per unit of GDP. Since the quantity of waste energy is large, there are many
research groups around the world who are developing improvements to the existing
technologies listed above as well as developing completely novel solutions. Each technology
fits a niche, so it is important to match the waste energy resources to the end-users by using the
most appropriate technology. Once the resource of waste energy and the potential recipients of
the energy are identified in a region, potential projects can be explored by convening workshops
with the stakeholders and equipment suppliers or technology developers.
6. Estimated energy / GHG reductions
In the Canadian industrial sector, approximately 2,300 PJ of energy is rejected to the
environment as waste heat5. If 25% of this waste energy is recoverable, the resulting useful
energy would be worth approximately $3-billion, and the recovery would reduce greenhouse gas
emissions by approximately 27 megatonnes.
7. Market potential for waste heat, internal and external to
the industry
The decision-making process for developing market opportunities for waste energy capture and
redeployment is currently hampered by a lack of information about the waste energy resources
that are available and the synergistic consumers in the vicinity of industrial plants. Regional
waste energy mapping can play a central role in removing this barrier and to fostering
innovation and partnerships between industry and the communities in which they work.
Mapping of waste energy resources in a spatial format that many stakeholders can access and
use in different ways is an enabling step that has the potential to increase technology
development, enhance environmental protection, and increase economic activity in a diversified
way.
By completing the “Community Integrated Energy Mapping Feasibility Study in Alberta’s
Industrial Heartland and Strathcona Industrial Area” (http://cmcghg.com/about-
u/publications/studies-and-projects/), it was clear that there is a hierarchy of possible markets to
redeploy waste energy in a regional sense. Energy is lost or degraded in converting from one
type to another. Also energy is lost in transporting heat over long distances, meaning end-use
of heat within a radius on the order of tens of kilometers is necessary. The best strategy is to
use any wasted heat in a heating application and to use it as close to the producer as possible.
At an industrial plant this likely means finding ways to use the heat on-site. Depending on the
5 “Market Study on Waste Heat and Requirements for Cooling and Refrigeration in Canadian Industry”, Stricker and Associates Inc., 2007.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 21
quality of the heat, high-temperature waste energy could be redeployed within the process, or
for ancillary heating applications on the site such as heating of bulk liquid storage tanks or for
heating buildings.
Another use for waste heat energy is to convert it to a more valuable type of energy, namely
electricity. Electricity is a high-price utility that can represent a significant proportion of non-
personnel operating costs. There are several technologies available that can use heat sources
over a wide range of temperatures to generate electricity, including Organic Rankine Cycle
machines, Kalina Cycle plants, Stirling Engines, and the traditional steam cycle power plant.
Electricity can be used internally to the industrial plant to offset electricity imported from the grid,
which decreases operating costs and also decreases the greenhouse gas emissions associated
with grid electricity.
Electricity generated from waste energy in an industrial plant can be used internally, or it can be
exported from the plant to provide a revenue stream. A key benefit of using this method of
redeploying waste energy is that electricity is transmittable over long distances using the
existing electrical grid in each Province. This can assist the electric system operator in each
Province to meet the growing demand for electricity while decreasing greenhouse gas
emissions associated with generation.
Electricity generation has the added benefit that heat rejected from the power plant is often of a
high enough temperature to provide space heating or domestic hot water heating. In this way,
waste energy from industry can be “cascaded” through several different value-adding
applications that operate at different temperatures.
From the perspective of an industrial plant that is generating waste heat, the general strategy for
redeploying the heat is:
Internal use as process heat.
Internal conversion to electricity.
Export as electricity.
Export as heat.
From the perspective of potential heat consumers, energy mapping can assist municipalities in
developing urban planning that supports eco-industrial parks, district heating and more effective
management of public infrastructure. Heat captured from industry can be very useful in public
applications (libraries, swimming pools, etc.), in commercial or institutional building heating, or in
heating of private homes. However the key to these district heating applications is information
regarding the match between waste heat that is available versus the heating demand in the
vicinity. Regional waste heat mapping provides a snapshot of the geographic distribution of
heat energy currently vented to the atmosphere, and provides the information that is critical in
initiating district heating systems. With 2,300 PJ of heat lost to the environment from Canadian
industries each year, the market potential for waste energy recovery and redeployment is
immense. Waste energy put to use will help to increase energy efficiency and decrease
Canada’s high $/GDP ratio. Also, it can help to reduce our national GHG emissions to bring us
towards our UN reduction targets of 17% below 2005 levels by 2020.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 22
8. Resource requirement to identify and quantify industrial
waste heat
The resources required to identify and quantify industrial waste heat include:
An effective team composed of neutral third-party leadership, technical expertise, and
local industry associations (see Section 10.2);
Knowledge of the barriers for participation (see Section 9);
Understanding of costs (see Section 10.3); and,
An implementation plan and format (see Section 1).
The sum of the four components listed above will result in targeted energy efficiency
improvements and GHG reductions across the industrial regions identified and included in the
project.
9. Known barriers to industry participation and pragmatic
approaches to overcoming them
Energy mapping encourages collaboration between plant owners or operators who may not
otherwise have an opportunity to meet or work together, and it was noted at meetings and
engagement events that increasing neighbourly relations amongst the personnel from different
plants was, itself, an important outcome of the study. Also, these stakeholders often come from
a view of maximizing energy efficiency within their own fence-line. They were encouraged
through the energy mapping exercise to engage with common goals of holistic energy use in the
community. Working collaboratively, they were able to share ideas, voice concerns, and
contribute to solutions for energy efficiency and greenhouse gas reductions on a regional scale.
Such engagement increases the chance of success for the mapping phase of a project such as
this, and encourages companies to move to the implementation phase by establishing common
goals.
The following lists describe some of the socio-economic, and technical barriers to the
implementation of regional waste heat mapping, along with ways that mapping can address the
challenges.
Main Socio-Economic Barriers:
Lower return on investment of waste heat recovery investments means that such
projects are unlikely to be funded relative to other internal projects offering far higher
rates of return;
The large distances between industrial facilities and recipients of heat makes energy
integration more costly and difficult; and,
Zoning for low-density development around industrial parks makes it more costly and
challenging to develop a district heating system.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 23
Main Technical Barriers:
Increasing plant complexity and thus operational risks;
Onsite expertise to operate waste heat recovery technologies which are typically not part
of their core operations;
Shut down times needed to insert innovative technologies;
Risk associated with implementing new technologies; and,
“First to be second” – typically industry players want others to take the first risk.
Some ways that Regional Waste Heat Mapping can address challenges:
Makes it easier to identify available waste energy so companies can identify potential
synergies on their own;
Evaluate opportunities for creating shared utilities so new companies can simply tap into
these systems rather than building their own utility systems on their sites;
Potential to lower capital costs and make the region more attractive to outside
companies; and,
Regional municipalities can use the data to plan future infrastructure, or promote
symbiotic industrial development.
In summary, many elements must come together to make a viable project. From previous and
ongoing energy mapping work, CMC Research Institutes is able to convene and coordinate the
elements and has experience mitigating potential barriers to participation that may arise.
10. Potential program format, roles for stakeholders, cost
estimates, and funding partners
The essential components that must come together to form a viable regional waste energy
mapping project are described in the equation below:
To ensure a successful national roll-out of waste energy mapping, we will follow an approach
that develops each of the required components described in the equation above. The following
sections will describe the program in terms of: (a) potential program format, (b) roles for
stakeholders, (c) broad cost estimates, and (d) potential funding arrangements.
Effective Team + Local Collaborators/Partners + Addressing barriers to participation
+Quality waste heat resources + Effectve mix of regional sources and recipients +
Implementation Plan + Funding
=
Viable Project.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 24
10.1 Potential Program Format
The program format will follow a three-phase approach that has been successful in similar
regional energy mapping projects. This is a generic approach that will apply in each region that
is included in the program. The phases include:
Proposal Development: Specific and focused on identified regional opportunities
Phase 1: Identifying and communicating with stakeholders in each region;
Phase 2: Data collection and analysis; and,
Phase 3: Implementation of solutions.
The different phases of the project are described below.
Proposal Development
Prior to initiating a waste energy mapping study in any one region, some groundwork must be
completed. This may be thought of in terms of a proposal development phase in which the
goals of the project are established, the candidate regions are identified, regional funding
partners are contacted, and commitments can be made around funding and timelines. The
fulsome knowledge acquired while developing a National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy
(10.3.1) will be very valuable in developing successful proposals for identified locations across
Canada.
Phase 1: Identify Stakeholders and Communicate Goals
Identify and engage all potential participants in the project;
Provide a vision and overview for the steps, timelines and potential of the project;
Gather feedback from stakeholders regarding these elements, especially with regard to
data collection, limits of acceptable use of data and reporting of results;
Understand the implications for regional clusters that offer integrated energy solutions.
Understand the variety of energy uses in each region;
Identify energy storage and regional transportation challenges for each region
Identify policy input opportunities (industrial, provincial, federal);
Understand potential for external funding (i.e., industry associations, Provincial
governments, Natural Resources Canada, etc.); and,
Draft a project plan that integrates all outcomes, priorities and concerns that will result in
targeted and measureable implementation opportunities on a regional scale.
Phase 2: Collect and Understand the Data
Propose non-disclosure agreements to each of the industry participants to reinforce trust
that their data will be protected;
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 25
Collect baseline information on waste energies across the regions in the study, or
strategically select sites that are promising based on industry types and proximity to
potential users of waste heat;
o Data can first be gathered from publically available sources such as the National
Pollutant Release Inventory, publically accessible GIS databases, and industry
associations such as the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers;
o Next, a desktop review of plant drawings and other information provided by plant
operators or managers will provide more detail on the specific processes within
each plant; and,
o Finally, a site visit to each plant and face-to-face meetings with managers and
operators will fill in the unknowns about the energy flows within the plant;
Convene a diverse set of experts to identify potential on-site and regional uses for the
waste heat identified, and evaluate innovative technology solutions;
Strategically evaluate and rank order potential opportunities in terms of environmental
impacts (primarily greenhouse gases, but potentially also water use and other impact
categories), technical feasibility, and economics;
Provide a final report;
Communicate data summaries back to individual companies and to regional
stakeholders such as municipalities more broadly; and,
Rank order options to be analyzed more rigorously.
Phase 3: Implement Solutions
Provide support services to implement the viable solutions that emerge from Phase 1
and 2, starting with a small number of regions across Canada, and a small set of
companies that offer the greatest chance of demonstrating value.
Establish monitoring and reporting mechanisms on key performance metrics to enable
companies to claim GHG reductions
Contribute to the development of networks in each Province that can share knowledge
from energy mapping and the deployment of innovative technological solutions.
Leveraging the data and information collected, along with expert knowledge, should
reduce costs for implementing innovation.
Maintain a focus on working collaboratively with project member companies to build on
existing expertise, improve capacity and enhance methods for communicating results.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 26
10.2 Roles for Stakeholders
Throughout the completion of the “Community Integrated Energy Mapping Feasibility Study in
Alberta’s Industrial Heartland” and from ongoing work with the Canadian Oil Sands Innovation
Alliance, an effective model for defining the business case for waste energy implementation
opportunities has emerged. It consists of a three-way partnership as follows:
CMC Research Institutes – provides project management, funding, technical support,
operations and connectively to potential recipients of any waste energy;
Alberta Innovates Technology Futures – provides technical expertise and report
development support; and,
Local industry leadership in the form of an association or alliance – provides connection
and community with the companies involved.
Figure 8 shows the tri-lateral structure of partners in the project, where CMC Research Institutes
and Alberta Innovates Technology Futures will work together across Canada, as two-thirds of
the team. In each region in which a project is initiated, local stakeholders will provide extremely
valuable local leadership as the third element of the collaboration.
Figure 8: CMC Research Institutes and AITF working with partners in each region across Canada
Regional
Municipality
Industrial
Association
Plant
Operators and
Managers
Region N
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 27
CMC Research Institutes will work with Alberta Innovates Technology Futures (AITF) to provide
leadership on the National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy. AITF was the technical partner
for the Alberta Industrial Heartland waste heat mapping study and good relationships have been
maintained. Both CMC and AITF are neutral third parties who do not represent any industrial
sector or technology solution, nor are they interested in holding intellectual property. This team
has a proven track record in managing confidential information in projects with multiple
stakeholders, and we have developed accountability and respect amongst our peers for being
inclusive, collaborative and transparent. The combined personnel from CMC and AITF provides
industrial expertise, engineering talent, connection to regulators, access to innovative
technology providers, and access to a wide array of international researchers.
The Alberta Industrial Heartland project demonstrated the usefulness of a collaboration with a
wide variety of stake-holders, and this is the best approach to take with the Canada-wide study.
In each region across Canada, the CMC-AITF team will identify industrial associations, regional
economic development agencies, and representatives from local municipalities to collaborate
with. Developing good relationships with people actively engaged on a daily basis in each
region will contribute to trust, and facilitate the transition from project initiation through data
collection. The agencies within each region will provide local leadership, knowledge of local
regulations, knowledge of unique local drivers (incentives available, GHG reduction targets,
etc.), and they can act as local champions for change.
The proposed structure would be applied in each of the regions included in the project,
regardless of industry sector type. The industry association is the element that brings the
sector-specific knowledge and contacts for each region included in the project.
This triangular structure is important to providing leadership, expertise, and continuity of the
project across the country, and for having local representation and knowledge from industry and
municipal partners.
It is important to manage the project in an objective and transparent fashion and this can be
accomplished through a neutral, independent third-party such as CMC Research Institutes.
CMC has a proven track record acting in the role of convener and bridge-builder able to find
synergies across sectors, and is able to facilitate consortium projects from early stages to
completion. Also CMC is able to leverage an international network of experts from 160 research
groups worldwide.
The main characteristics of a region for inclusion in the study is clustering of industrial activity in
reasonable proximity to each other and to potential end-users of waste heat that may be
collected and redeployed. These elements along with the geographic distribution of waste
energy streams, their quantities, and their qualities will determine if a region is appropriate for
inclusion in the waste energy mapping. The initial scan will conducted using high-level,
publically available data sources, and the list of potential regions to include or exclude will be
refined with information that comes from sources more closely associated with those areas such
as regional economic development plans and municipal infrastructure plans.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 28
10.3 Cost Estimates
Cost estimates are described for 2 aspects of implementation (1) development of a National
Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy, and (2) the implementation of the strategy.
10.3.1 Development of a National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy
Costing associated with developing a National Industrial Waste Energy Mapping Strategy will
vary according to a number of factors.
The program could be arranged differently depending on the goals defined for the project. If the
goal is to have participation from each of the Provinces and Territories regardless of industrial
activity within their borders, then at least 13 workshops and regional energy mapping
investigations must be conducted. This approach would enhance “inclusiveness” amongst
Provincial agencies and make for a truly national program. However, industrial activity is
generally not dispersed evenly throughout all Provinces in Canada, so the GHG reductions
could be reduced when looked at from a national perspective.
Alternatively, if the goal is to maximize GHG reductions across the country while being less
concerned about regional representation or balance, then a more focussed approach would be
considered. In this instance, the program may identify many regional opportunities in one area
(southern Ontario, for example), but there may be no opportunities in other Provinces or
Territories. At this time CMC Research Institutes would recommend the approach to maximize
GHG reductions, however the program format will have to be discussed with NRCan.
The likely costs to develop the National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy would be on the
order of $150,000. These funds would be used to:
Define Provincial and Territorial audiences (government, industry, innovation, etc.);
Host a series of introductory workshops across Canada;
Identify the target regions in each Province and Territory to include in the study;
Preliminary regional data acquisition from publically available sources;
Initial assessment of regional waste heat supply;
Initial assessment of heating demand in each region;
Define the regional potential for waste energy mapping;
Prioritize actions by region and by maximum GHG reductions;
Understand funding sources available in each region;
Implement the plan.
10.3.2 Implementation of National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy
There is a sliding scale of potential program implementation costs based on the number of
regions identified where waste energy mapping would be beneficial, their relative sizes,
geographic distribution and the number of companies within each region. Larger regions also
have added travel costs and greater data analysis effort to define the business case. Diversity
of industries in an area leads to greater potential for synergistic waste energy integration across
a region, but there is also more data, different standards for tracking data in different
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 29
companies, different process regulations, technology solutions and expertise required. As well,
with many partners in a project like this (governments, industry associations, companies,
technology developers, etc.) there are challenges and process issues to navigate. Meaningful
results are built on a foundation of high-quality data. While some data is publically available, the
partner industrial companies must also provide high quality information about their plants to fill
in gaps in knowledge. Processes to acquire this data have been developed (surveys,
interviews, site visits), but there is a time commitment from both the company personnel and the
project team to gather this data. There are many variables and challenges to understand in
developing the appropriate budget. It will also be important to determine with the companies and
their regional industrial associations what other sources of funding may be available in their
areas.
From experience it will cost between $300,000 (small area, low number of industries, suppliers
close to recipients) to $500,000 (large area, high number of participants) per region to do
Phases 1 and 2 of the project. Either way the return on that investment is positive. Phase 3
should not require any funding since the industry players themselves will be investing in the
implementation based on business modelling of the energy recovery opportunities identified for
their plants, but there may also be a need for some small measure of incentive in the form of tax
breaks, write-off of first year of CAPEX, access to rotating fund or other innovative funding
models.
10.4 Funding Partners
A combination of Federal, Provincial, corporate, and industry association funds would be
required to administer individual energy mapping projects in each of the regions included in the
Program. The Program would be composed of individual regional projects that would be
defined by the Provinces or Territories as part of the National Industrial Energy Mapping
strategy development.
CMC Research Institutes has been compiling a searchable database of potential funding
partners across Canada and internationally. Possible funding partners working in industrial
energy efficiency may include:
Natural Resources Canada;
Provincial governments;
Provincial Climate Secretariats;
Utilities across Canada (Ontario Power Authority, ENMAX, Enbridge, BC Hydro, etc);
Industry Associations across Canada;
Cement Associations;
Canadian Gas Association;
Western Diversification (WD);
Sustainable Development Technology Canada (SDTC);
Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDEC);
EMERA Incorporated;
Canadian Clean Power Coalition;
Canadian Energy Partnerships Program;
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 30
National Advisory Council on Energy Efficiency (NACEE);
Efficiency Nova Scotia;
Provincial Climate Secretariats, and
FedDev Ontario.
11. Timeframe for implementation
The timeline for the development of a National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy would likely
take 12 months.
The implementation of waste energy mapping (Phases 1 and 2) in any one region would likely
span two federal fiscal years. Energy mapping activities in multiple regions can take place in
parallel. Having concurrent Phase 1 and 2 activities occurring in multiple regions may be
beneficial as patterns may emerge that can be applied to subsequent regions in the study. The
time frame is somewhat dependent upon the number of promising regions that are identified,
and the number of industry stakeholder in each region who are willing to participate in the study.
Phase 3 activities - installing heat capture and distribution equipment in plants - are dependent
upon completing Phases 1 and 2, and identifying good opportunities to take forward into design
and construction. The timeframe for Phase 3 activities are dependent upon the types of
technologies to be deployed and the dates allocated by the host plant for shut-down and
maintenance activities. Implementation efforts would be engaged as identified. We would hope
to engage at least one energy recovery project in each region over the next 5 years.
CMC Research Institutes is an international organization with ties to the US. It is clear from the
Carbon Storage Atlas and other resources that there is major industrial activity and GHG
emission sources throughout North America. The work done on regional energy mapping in
Canada would have great utility in the United States to provide the information needed to
accelerate industrial energy efficiency and reduction of greenhouse gases from a continental
perspective. CMC Research Institutes has been in contact with the Consulate General of the
United States, and with the Heat is Power trade association headquartered in Chicago. Each is
interested in moving forward with regional industrial energy mapping in the USA (Wyoming,
Ohio, Illinois, Texas).
Recent announcements from the US Federal Government for greater reductions in GHG
emissions indicate that strategies around increasing energy efficiency in the industrial sector
may be well received in the USA. These announcements may accelerate GHG reduction
targets for Canada and Mexico as well to match those of our largest trading partner.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 31
12. Summary
Current knowledge of industrial heat emissions is, at best, inferred quantification. In reality,
many industries do not even monitor their waste heat, and consider it solely a cost of doing
business. A national strategy for industrial waste energy mapping would create a methodology
for the assessment and quantification of low-grade heat sources across Canada using
generalized techniques that would be applied to any industrial sector.
Energy efficiency improvements represent some of the most effective, accessible and low cost
solutions to reducing GHG emissions, saving money and improving productivity.
Energy mapping is a cost effective planning tool process that enables regional heat integration
opportunities to be uncovered before developments commit to energy systems that do not take
advantage of existing forms of energy. Ultimately, industrial energy mapping is a visual
presentation of regional energy supply and demand that describes the resource potential and
enables the creation of a business case for a heat Utility to provide energy to an end user or
community. The advantage of using this tool is that energy demand and geographic relevance
to the heat provider are used as the prime drivers to assess the economic and social
opportunity of this investment.
In recent years, there has been success with industrial waste energy mapping in Canada. Now
is the time to leverage this success into a full-fledged national program.
A National Industrial Energy Mapping Program will raise awareness among industry leaders,
innovators, government of all levels, municipal planning departments and developers of a
potential energy source and its associated business model.
This Program is needed to:
Enable Canadian industries to become more energy efficient. The amount of low-quality waste heat lost to the environment from the Canadian industrial sector is estimated to be 2,300 PJ annually. However, the information on energy type, quantity, and quality of energy supply and demand needed to identify regional efficiency and renewable energy opportunities does not currently exist in any standardized way across Canada. Such information sharing barriers on the availability of, and demand for, “non-conventional” energy sources mean that opportunities to re-use energy cannot be identified. Low-cost methods of obtaining such information are needed.
Support Technology Investment Decisions. Typically, decisions about energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy are made based on the operational requirements at an individual facility. While such site-specific evaluation is effective at this scale, it does not enable identification of broader-scale, regional efficiency and renewable energy opportunities that could involve multiple sites. Regional energy mapping is needed to discover such opportunities.
Advance Canada’s Commitment to Reduce Environmental Impacts by: o Developing ways to remove regional information barriers preventing identification of
energy integration opportunities in industrial areas, thereby enabling reduction of environmental impacts.
o Providing tools and methodologies that other municipalities or initiatives in Canada could use to more accurately assess the resource potential of regional industries.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 32
Support Development of Next Generation Technologies by:
o Enabling characterization of particular energy technology needs, thereby supporting
strategic technology investment decisions and the creation of vibrant open innovation
communities. Widespread deployment of energy mapping would also enable
identification of the potential market sizes for different technologies (e.g., heat
reclamation, heat storage) as they are developed.
Contributes to Canadian Prosperity and Competitiveness by:
o Improving profitability and competitiveness by enabling industry in the Heartland to
identify regional energy efficiency opportunities, reduce transaction costs, and
reduce risks associated with large-scale heat capture and heat transfer technology
investment decisions. Facilitates community economic development and
diversification by enabling efficiencies through industry clustering that are achieved
through heat integration and increasing regional district heating system capacity.
This report provides evidence that there is a solid business case for the development of a full
National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy and Program for implementation across Canada.
Recent announcements from the US Federal Government for greater reductions in GHG
emissions indicate that strategies around increasing energy efficiency in the industrial sector
may be well received in the USA as well. These announcements may accelerate GHG
reduction targets for Canada and Mexico as well, to match those of our largest trading partner.
Industries, businesses and governments across Canada who are investing in new technologies
are faced with a challenging set of decisions. CMC is the only group in Canada to offer Regional
Energy Mapping programs and services. Now is the time to build this out as a national
program.