national education strategic plan 2016-21 summary and dr thein lwin (anner)paper in burmese

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National Education Strategic Plan 2016-21 Summary The Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar Ministry of Education

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Page 1: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

National Education Strategic Plan 2016-21 Summary

The Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

Ministry of Education

Page 2: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese
Page 3: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

National Education Strategic Plan 2016-21

Summary

The Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

Ministry of Education

2016

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4Overview of recent

high-level education policy reforms

Page 12

Foreword

Page 4

1Introduction

Page 7

7Principles that informed

drafting the NESP

Page 20

11Education pathways for work and lifelong

learning

Page 52

5Recent achievements

of the national education system

Page 14

8NESP goal

Page 22

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–212

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12Financing the NESP

Page 54

2Country context

Page 8

9The nine

Transformational Shifts to achieve the NESP

goal

Page 24

10Main sub-sectors

of the NESP

Page 26

3General background

on Myanmar’s education system

Page 10

13Phased implementation

of the NESP

Page 55

6Key challenges of

the current education system

Page 16

SUMMARY 3

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labour market and it is a key driver of economic

growth.

Education plays a central role in reducing

poverty and inequity, increasing household

incomes, improving individual and family health,

strengthening our communities, fostering lasting

peace, expanding economic development and

building national unity.

To fully realise the benefits of a quality national

education system, the Government of the Republic

of the Union of Myanmar will implement a new

National Education Strategic Plan (NESP) during the

period 2016-2021. The NESP is a comprehensive,

widely-owned and evidence-based roadmap

intended to reform the entire education sector over

the next five years.

The national education system in Myanmar needs

to undergo a major transformation over the next

five years if it is to meet the life-long-learning and

career aspirations of our students, youth and

adults. Quality, equitable and relevant education

is essential if we are to provide our children with

new knowledge and competencies, creativity

and critical thinking skills and cultural and ethical

values that will enable them to excel in their

chosen careers and contribute to Myanmar’s socio-

economic development in the 21st century.

Education begins from the time of our birth and

continues throughout our lives. It is a major

contributor to the development of our social and

economic capital. It inspires creativity and fosters

innovation, it provides our youth with the necessary

skills to enable them to compete in the modern

Foreword

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–21 SUMMARY4

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A key reform focus of the government in the coming

years will be the provision of quality, healthy, play-

centred pre-school and primary education for

all children, including those living in remote rural

areas. The physical, intellectual, linguistic, emotional

and social needs of children aged 3 to 6 years must

be met.

With regard to basic education, we must work

together to ensure that all children successfully

complete their primary, middle and high

school education and acquire relevant learning

competencies. This will provide them with a strong

foundation of knowledge and skills that will enable

them to progress to higher education or technical

and vocational education and training. The concept

that higher education is only university education

must be changed.

There is a need for education programmes to

be especially developed to meet the needs of

children who face difficulties in accessing primary

and secondary education, children with mental or

physical disabilities, or those who live in poverty or

in remote areas.

We must also redesign and launch a new basic

education curriculum that focuses on relevant 21st

century knowledge and skills. To ensure the smooth

implementation of this curriculum we must provide

quality in-service training and mentoring for all

teachers in our primary, middle and high schools.

Through innovative, quality and accessible

alternative education programmes, we must strive

to improve the quality of life for youth and adults

who have only had limited educational and career

opportunities.

We are committed to developing a world-class,

higher education system, with a strong focus on

research and innovation, to meet the country’s

social and economic development needs.

We must continuously expand and strengthen

the quality of technical and vocational education

and training in the interests of sustained national

economic development. In so doing, we must

ensure that it is in accord with priority development

sectors, while also meeting the expectations and

needs of employers and students.

To sustain and expand our national education

system all educational institutions must have a

Quality Assurance System that will help them

achieve national quality standards and improve

both teaching and learning. In addition, we must

invest in training programmes to build the capacity

of technical specialists, education managers

and those occupying leadership positions in our

schools, training centres and universities.

It is particularly important that parents should be

encouraged and assisted to play a more active

role in their children’s education, as well as in the

educational institutions of their communities. We

must put in place mechanisms that will enable

education stakeholders, national and international

organisations and private sector companies to

support and develop our national education

system.

In conclusion, I would like to take this opportunity

to request all our students, parents, teachers,

school leaders and education stakeholders, as well

as national and international partner organisations,

to cooperate with the Ministry of Education for

the successful implementation of the National

Education Strategic Plan 2016–2021. This plan will

help us to transform our national education system

and to achieve dramatic improvements in teaching

and learning in all our educational institutions.

Daw Aung San Suu Kyi

State Counsellor

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar

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1.0 • Introduction

In today’s global economy a nation’s success depends fundamentally on the knowledge, skills and

competencies of its people. Countries which invest in education are likely to reap substantial long-term

benefits, such as greater economic and social prosperity.

Education provides individuals with the opportunity

to improve their lives, become successful members

of their communities and actively contribute to

national socio-economic development. In Myanmar

society, education is traditionally valued as a key

determinant for social mobility and it is widely

recognised as a critical building block for nation

building, national unity and sustainable development.

Furthermore, education and poverty alleviation

have been identified as two key drivers to support

the democratic and peace-building process and to

achieve the national goal of Myanmar becoming an

upper Middle Income Country by 2030.

In recent years Myanmar’s national education

system has come under increased public scrutiny

and debate due to growing expectations from

students, parents, employers and citizens for

education reforms that will improve access, quality

and equity in the main education sub-sectors —

preschool, kindergarten, primary, secondary and

alternative education, and technical and vocational

education and training and higher education.

Furthermore, there is broad consensus that major

shifts are required in the coming years to transform

the national education system and ensure that all

students progress through the education cycle,

achieve quality learning standards and fulfil their

career and lifelong learning goals and aspirations.

In response to these expectations, the Ministry of

Education (MOE) has undertaken a three-and-a-

half-year Comprehensive Education Sector Review

(CESR) involving three phases: a rapid assessment

(Phase 1); in-depth research and analysis of critical

sub-sector challenges (Phase 2); and drafting and

building ownership for an evidence-based and,

costed National Education Strategic Plan (NESP) for

the period 2016–21 (Phase 3).

The NESP provides the government, education

stakeholders and citizens with a ‘roadmap’ for

sector-wide education reforms over the next five

years that will dramatically improve access to

quality education for students at all levels of the

national education system.

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2.0 • Country context

Myanmar is the largest country in mainland Southeast Asia and is situated geographically at the strategic

location between the economic hubs of China, India and ASEAN countries.

estimated GDP growth had increased from 5.5 per

cent in 2012 to 6.8 per cent in 2014. Medium-term

economic growth is projected to average 8.2 per

cent per year.

However, Myanmar’s economy is heavily reliant

on the agricultural sector and extractive industries.

In order to achieve sustainable economic

development Myanmar needs to reduce its reliance

on natural resources and expand the services and

manufacturing sectors. At the same time, there is a

need to use modern technology to produce quality

products in the agricultural sector. Myanmar

currently is facing two major challenges to expand

priority development sectors: (a) a shortage of

skilled workers, despite increased job opportunities;

and (b) limited governance and public sector

management capacity. The education sector has

a vital role to play to support the government to

address these challenges in the coming years.

There are also other key challenges that the

country needs to address to achieve sustainable

development and equitable economic growth,

such as the growing disparity between wealthy

and poor citizens within Myanmar society, disparity

in access to essential services, especially between

citizens living in urban and rural areas, internal

and external migration, human trafficking and

drug abuse. The provision of quality and equitable

education has an important catalyst role to play to

help the government to address these challenges.

Myanmar has a long coastline, abundant fertile

lands, a rich endowment of natural resources and

one of the lowest population densities in the region.

Myanmar has a population of 53.9 million (2014

Census) and an annual population growth of 0.89

percent.

Under the 2008 Constitution Myanmar has shifted

to a democratic governance system with the

establishment of a civilian-led government and two

parliaments with elected representatives in 2011. In

addition, 14 State/ Region governments and local

parliaments have been established as a foundation

for a decentralised governance system. However,

there is a need to further clarify the authority

and roles and responsibilities of these local

governments so that they can play a more active

role in expanding access to essential basic services.

In 2015, a second multiparty election was

successfully conducted and there was a smooth

transfer of power to a new administration. The

government is speeding up efforts launched by

the previous government to end armed conflicts,

undertake national reconciliation and establish

peace within the country’s borders.

Following the recent handover to a civilian-

led government, international sanctions have

been eased and foreign investment is expected

to increase substantially in the coming years.

Myanmar’s recent economic growth has been

impressive. The Asian Development Bank

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3.0 • General background on Myanmar’s education system

The following section provides a brief overview of the situation of the education sector in Myanmar.

3.3 • Alternative education (AE)

The MOE provides access to alternative education

through a Non-formal Primary Education

Equivalency Programme (NFPE EP) for out-of-

school children and a Summer Basic Literacy

Programme (SBLP) for adults. The NFPE EP is

currently being implemented in 89 townships

where it is reaching 11,234 learners. The SBLP was

restarted in 2013 and it reached 22,444 learners.

This figure doubled in 2014 to 46,478 learners.

3.4 • TVET

Access to technical and vocational education

and training in Myanmar is provided by relevant

ministries and the private sector through 372

technical and vocational education and training

centres.

3.5 • Higher education

Myanmar has 171 higher education institutions

(HEIs) (colleges, degree colleges and universities),

which are overseen by eight ministries. In the

2015 academic year, there were 225,178 students

studying full-time in HEIs under the responsibility

of the MOE, while an additional 411,164 students

were accessing higher education through Distance

Education Universities.

3.1 • Early childhood care and development (ECCD)

The MOE and the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief

and Resettlement (MSWRR) are the lead ministries

involved in the provision of ECCD services. In

addition, there are a number of non-governmental

and private sector organisations actively supporting

communities with the provision of ECCD services.

3.2 • Basic education

The current basic education system comprises of

five years of primary education (KG to Grade 4), four

years of lower secondary and two years of upper

secondary education. There are currently 47,363

basic education schools in Myanmar reaching

approximately 9.26 million students (see Table 3.1

below). The majority of these schools are managed

by the Department of Basic Education within

the MOE. In addition, a significant percentage of

students access basic education through monastic,

private, community and other types of schools. The

number of schools, teachers and students in the

basic education system in the 2015-16 Academic

Year are listed in Table 3.1 below.

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School category No. of basic education schools (2015-16)

No. of basic education teachers (2015-16)

No. of basic education students (2015-16)

Upper secondary 3,513 34,393 873,832

Lower secondary 6,224 129,945 2,795,607

Primary 35,650 158,176 5,184,041

Monastic 1,538 11,044 297,039

Private 438 7,397 107,451

Total 47,363 340,955 9,257,970

Table 3.1: Number of schools, teachers and students in basic education

Source : MOE (2015-16)

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4.0 • Overview of recent high-level education policy reforms

This section presents a short overview of recent, high-level education sector laws and policies that

have guided the implementation of national programmes to improve access to quality education for all

students and citizens.

4.1 • The Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008)

The Constitution (2008) provides the foundation

legal framework for the education sector in

Myanmar. Article 28 of the Constitution stipulates

that the Union shall:

a. earnestly strive to improve education and

health of the people;

b. enact the necessary law to enable National

people to participate in matters of their

education and health;

c. implement free, compulsory primary

education system;

d. implement a modern education system that

will promote all-around correct thinking and

a good moral character contributing towards

the building of the Nation.

Article 366 of the Constitution states that: Every

citizen, in accord with the educational policy laid

down by the Union:

a. has the right to education;

b. shall be given basic education which the

Union prescribes by law as compulsory;

c. have the right to conduct scientific research,

explore science, work with creativity and write

to develop the arts and conduct research

freely in other branches of culture.

4.2 • National Education Law (NEL) (2014) and NEL Amendment (2015)

A watershed moment for education sector reform

in Myanmar was the approval by Parliament of a

National Education Law (NEL) in September 2014

that strengthened the quality, effectiveness and

efficiency of the national education system. The

NEL was further strengthened with the passing

of the NEL Amendment in 2015. The NEL and

NEL Amendment provide an excellent national

framework for the implementation of a wide range

of complementary reforms across the national

education system, such as: recognition of the right

of all citizens to free, compulsory education at the

primary level; establishment of a standards-based

education quality assurance system; expansion of

the basic education system to 13 years; support for

the learning of nationalities’ languages and culture;

and greater decentralisation within the education

system. An additional benefit of the NEL is that

Myanmar is now fully aligned with ASEAN members

in terms of the number of years of schooling under

basic education.

4.3 • Education sector reform priorities for the government

The following section provides a brief overview of

the main reform priorities of the government.

1. Establish early childhood care programmes;

2. Improve primary education completion

for every primary-aged child in school, and

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dedicated education programmes for children

who face difficulties in accessing and achieving

primary-level education, such as children

with mental or physical disabilities, children

living in poverty, and children living in remote

areas while creating learning opportunities

progressively to enable all citizens to complete

at least primary-level education and proceed

towards further education.

3. Support and promote nationalities’ languages

and cultures, including curriculum development,

implementation and monitoring by state and

region governments to support primary-aged

children who speak different languages;

4. Achieve an appropriate teacher-student ratio;

5. Improve the abilities and subject-matter

expertise of teachers in all schools;

6. Prioritise the needs of schools in less

developed areas in order to make education

more accessible to all, especially in middle and

high schools lacking facilities and equipment;

7. Improve the quality of life of people with limited

educational qualifications, through middle and

high school equivalency programmes and

vocational training;

8. Develop a world-class higher education system,

where universities have autonomy over their

own curriculum and governance and the

ability to conduct independent research;

9. Develop a technical and vocational education

and training system that is equal in status with

academic learning at universities;

10. Establish effective education services that

do not place a burden on parents and

communities;

11. Ensure the effective, efficient and transparent

allocation and use of government, private

sector, other domestic and international

funding; and,

12. Implement effective educational reforms,

as well as management and monitoring

programmes, based on accurate information

and data.

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5.3 • Dramatic increases in the number of teachers — improving the quality of education

Over the last three years approximately 72,000 new

teachers have been hired to ensure that there are

more teachers in every school. Furthermore, work

is ongoing to improve the professional capacities of

these new teachers. This exceptional investment in

the basic education sub-sector is expected to result

in improvements in education quality and student

learning achievement in the beneficiary schools

where teachers have been deployed.

5.4 • Strengthening governance and management — enabling more efficient and effective service delivery

In 2016, the government launched a major public

sector reform to reduce the number of ministries

and improve the overall efficiency of the government

service delivery. As part of this reform the MOE

and the Ministry of Science and Technology were

integrated into one ministry. This was followed by

a rationalization of departments within the new

ministry and the establishment of a new department

dedicated to alternative education. These reforms

have established a strong foundation of leadership

and management to support implementation of the

new strategic plan.

5.1 • CESR — establishing an international- standard evidence base to develop a National Education Strategic Plan

Over the last three-and-a-half years the MOE

has successfully co-ordinated and completed a

comprehensive review of the entire education sector,

including an in-depth policy review by the Education

Working Group. This achievement enabled the

MOE to identify priority reforms, strategies and

programmes though the establishment of an

international standard evidence base that will lead

to dramatic improvements in teaching and learning

in all schools and educational institutions. This

approach will ensure the highest possible return –

in terms of impacts on teaching and learning – on

government and development partner investments

in the education sector over the next five years.

5.2 • Investing in education — committing to measurable changes in education service delivery

The government has increased funding for the

education sector in recent years and this has

enabled the MOE to introduce new policies and

national programmes, such as hiring new teachers,

free basic education and the school grants and

stipends programme for basic education schools.

5.0 • Recent achievements of the national education system

The government has launched a number of new initiatives and national programmes to expand

access to quality education across the education sector. A selection of these achievements are briefly

described below.

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5.5 • Expanding access to basic education — major investments in school infrastructure

A notable achievement over the last four years has

been major investments in school infrastructure

across the country. Between 2010–11 and 2014–15,

the MOE constructed 7,616 new schools and 11,776

new classrooms. In addition, 8,945 existing schools

and 13,555 existing classrooms were renovated. For

the 2016–17 school year the MOE has approved and

secured funding for upgrading of an additional 3,312

schools. These infrasturcture investments have

dramatically expanded access to basic education

and improved the quality of teaching and learning

in the targeted schools.

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6.0 • Key challenges of the current education system

The challenges that the Myanmar education system is currently facing are multi-dimensional, and most

of them deal with key concepts in education reform, such as access, quality and equity.

Area 2 • Basic education — access, quality and inclusion

The four major challenges facing basic education —

access, quality and inclusion are:

• The MOE is now implementing free basic

education in order to ease the cost among

parents and communities. However, children’s

access to schools, and their retention and

completion of basic education, needs to be

significantly improved. Moreover, drop-out

rates are still high during the transition from

primary to middle school and from middle to

high school.

• A school quality improvement framework is

needed to focus attention on measuring and

addressing teaching, school management and

school facilities standards. Moreover, a quality

assurance system needs to be designed and

implemented to improve school performance

and ensure greater accountability from head

teachers, teachers and education managers.

• Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs) need to be

empowered and strengthened in all schools so

that they can actively monitor the achievement

of school quality standards and support

improved student learning.

• With poverty being a key factor affecting

access to basic education, more efforts are

needed to enable students living in remote

and rural areas to enrol in primary and

middle schools. Also, additional resources are

Area 1 • Preschool and kindergarten education

The four major challenges facing preschool and

kindergarten education are:

• Children living in rural and remote areas

have limited access to quality preschool and

kindergarten education, and this negatively

affects school readiness, student learning

achievement, community wellbeing and

national economic development.

• Preschool service providers generally need to

improve the quality of their services, including

supporting more active parental involvement

in their child’s educational development. The

quality of preschool teacher training needs

improvement and a national preschool database

is needed for the effective management and

planning of preschool services.

• More effective co-ordination and management

structures are needed at all levels – national,

state/region, district, township and community –

to improve access to quality preschool services.

• Design, development and implementation

of a developmentally appropriate, culturally

responsive and educationally relevant

kindergarten curriculum is a major priority

in order to ensure that all children can access

appropriate and quality kindergarten learning.

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needed to attract children with disabilities to

schools and provide education services to

children from mobile families.

Area 3 • Basic education curriculum

The three major challenges facing the basic

education curriculum are:

• Redesigning the basic education curriculum in

line with the new KG+12 structure with a focus

on 21st century skills.

• Upgrading the professional capacity of

curriculum development teams, as well as

the capacity of head teachers and teachers to

successfully implement the new curriculum.

• Strengthening curriculum management, dissem-

ination and monitoring and evaluation systems.

Area 4 • Student assessment and examinations

The three major challenges facing student

assessment and examinations are:

• Development and implementation of a

comprehensive assessment policy for basic

education schools. The current emphasis on

rote memorisation of factual information in

teaching, learning and assessment highlights

the urgent need for a more balanced system

of formative and summative assessments that

assesses student learning against national

learning standards. Improved co-ordination,

management and monitoring is essential for

the MOE to implement integrated student

assessment reforms.

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• A well-designed capacity development

programme needs to be put in place focusing

on assessment strategies, test development

and analysis, and interpretation and utilisation

of test results to inform teaching and improve

student learning. In addition, there is a need to

upgrade the assessment-related functions and

responsibilities of MOE departments.

• Practical mechanisms need to be established to

support the effective co-ordination, management

and monitoring of new assessment reforms. In

addition, awareness of new assessment systems

among parents and the public is vital so that they

understand and support the new approaches.

Area 5 • Teacher education and management

The three major challenges facing teacher

education are:

• There is an immediate need for comprehensive

and integrated teacher management reforms

that will strengthen teacher recruitment,

deployment and retention; establish an effective

and transparent performance evaluation and

promotion system; and provide clear and

equitable career pathways for teachers across

the national education system.

• Major changes are needed to improve the

quality of teaching, learning, infrastructure and

management in teacher education institutions

(TEIs) – Education Colleges (ECs), Universities

of Education (UOEs) and the University for the

Development of National Races (UDNR).

• A high-quality, national continuous professional

development (CPD) programme needs to be

put in place to upgrade teacher pedagogic

knowledge and skills over a sustained period

that will lead to measureable improvements

in student learning achievement in all basic

education schools in Myanmar.

Area 6 • Alternative education

The four major challenges facing alternative

education are:

• The MOE needs to research, develop and

widely disseminate an alternative education

policy that can provide an overall framework

for the implementation of alternative education

programmes.

• The MOE needs to support the implementation

of a range of quality, accessible, flexible and

certified alternative education programmes that

respond to the diverse needs of out-of-school

learners at different stages of their education

and career pathways.

• Access to high-quality, learner-centred and

demand-responsive alternative education could

be significantly improved through establishing

and actively measuring national quality

standards for all government, non-government,

community-based and private sector alternative

education service providers.

• The MOE needs to strengthen and expand

co-ordination in the alternative education sub-

sector to enable more effective partnerships

with government and non-government service

providers, community-based organisations and

the private sector.

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Area 7 • TVET

The three major challenges facing TVET are:

• High-quality, accessible and integrated TVET

is a pre-requisite for increasing employment,

poverty reduction and sustainable economic

growth. Demand-driven TVET that is accessible

to school leavers and those who are interested

in TVET has the potential to play an important

role in addressing youth unemployment and

boosting Myanmar’s economy.

• Enhancing the quality of TVET provision is

critical in order to sustainably expand TVET

access, provide good jobs upon completion and

create greater demand from both individuals

and employers.

• TVET management and co-ordination needs

to be strengthened through a more cohesive

legislative and policy framework that covers the

entire TVET sector.

Area 8 • Higher education

The four major challenges facing higher education

are:

• The traditional centralised model of governance

needs to be substituted with a more corporate

model that focuses on performance,

accountability and autonomy.

• Myanmar’s higher education system needs

significant improvement in terms of quality-

related dimensions, such as curriculum,

learning environment, research and

teaching processes.

• Issues of affordability and accessibility both

impact access to higher education. Support

programmes are needed to help students to

overcome cost barriers for higher education.

• Myanmar’s higher education institutions

need to improve their research capacity

in order to foster the development of new ideas

and innovations.

Area 9 • Management, capacity development and quality assurance

The four major challenges facing management,

capacity development and quality assurance are:

• A clearly defined, nationally mainstreamed

and standards-based quality assurance system

needs to be put in place to improve education

quality and student learning achievement in all

schools and educational institutions.

• Effective and inclusive co-ordination mechanisms

are needed at national, sub-sector and

sub-national levels to facilitate, support and sustain

education reforms through partnerships with

ministries and non-governmental organisations.

• A major system challenge is the lack of access

to quality education management data (i.e.

accurate, timely and strategic) covering overall

sector performance and the implementation

and results of NESP programmes funded by the

government and development partners.

• Successful implementation of the NESP will

require a combination of strengthening existing

and establishing new management structures,

systems and tools. In addition, quality training

programmes are needed at all levels of the

national education system to develop the

capacity of officers in all aspects of education

management.

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7.1 • Evidence based

Over the last two years the MOE has established

and analysed five complementary information

resources to inform the drafting the NESP 2016-

21 (see Diagram 7.1). The MOE has undertaken

a thorough triangulation analysis of these five

information resources to identify, with a high degree

of confidence, priority reforms to implement during

the period 2016–21.

7.2 • Consultative

A notable success factor of CESR research and

Education Working Group analysis initiatives were

extensive consultations with a wide range of

education stakeholders from across the country.

Between October 2014 and July 2015, CESR

colleagues organised 107 meetings with 3,199

stakeholders to discuss and document feedback

on nine draft NESP Sub-sector Action Plans.

In July 2015, CESR officers presented the

draft NESP Sub-sector Action Plans to about

13,000 education stakeholders during one-day

consultation meetings in 43 districts across

the country. There was overwhelming support

from these stakeholders for the proposed NESP

goal and nine Transformational Shifts, as well

as the strategies and programmes outlined in

the NESP.

7.3 • Quality focused

One of the most prevalent themes which

emerged from an in-depth review of the NESP

evidence base was the importance of quality

education. In response to this finding the MOE has

mainstreamed quality-focused reforms, strategies

and programmes across all education sub-sectors

in the NESP.

7.4 • Integrated

The NESP has adopted a comprehensive systems

approach to education reforms that pays special

attention to linkages between different sub-sectors

and the overall phasing of reforms.

7.5 • Measuring change

From the initial stages of researching and drafting

the NESP, senior MOE officials have stressed

the importance of putting in place systems that

will enable education managers at all levels of

the national education system to actively track

and measure the impacts of NESP strategies

and programmes.

7.6 • Costed

The MOE has undertaken a thorough costing of the

NESP to ensure that the proposed strategies and

programmes are affordable in relation to projected

government and development partner funding

commitments for the education sector over the

next five years.

7.0 • Principles that informed drafting the NESP

The NESP has been developed through applying the following best practice principles in strategic

planning.

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7.7 • Accessible

The MOE has paid special attention to drafting

a NESP that is accessible for the widest possible

audience.

7.8 • Aligned

The MOE has developed the NESP so that it

fully aligns and successfully achieves the reform

priorities of the government.

NESP 2016—21

evidence-based strategic plan

CESR Phases

1 & 2 Reports

(1)

National

Educ. Law (2014)

& Amendment

(2015)

(3)

9 NESP

Sub-sector

Action Plans

(4)

Reform priorities of

the government

(5)

Education

Working

Group Reports

(2)

Diagram 7.1: Categories of information

resources to develop the NESP 2016–21

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8.0 • NESP goal

The MOE commits to achieving the following NESP goal statement by the end of the 2020–21

fiscal year:

Improved teaching and learning, vocational education and training, research and innovation leading to measurable improvements in student achievement in all schools and educational institutions.

The three main reasons for this goal are as follows.

8.3 • TVET and higher education are fundamental for Myanmar’s long-term social and economic development

High-quality technical and vocational education and

training (TVET) that equips Myanmar’s economy

with a skilled and competitive workforce is vital

for sustainable socio-economic development. In

the coming years a large number of skilled

employees will be needed for the agricultural,

energy, manufacturing, infrastructure, livestock,

fisheries and tourism sectors. To address this

demand the TVET system will need to equip learners

with the knowledge, skills and competencies to

achieve their career aspirations and contribute to

economic growth.

Higher education is responsible for nurturing skilled

human capital needed in government, business

and industry. Higher education institutions (HEIs)

have a key role to play in undertaking research and

incubating the innovative and creative thinking

needed for globally and economically competitive

society.

8.1 • High expectations from parents and students

There is universal consensus among education

stakeholders consulted to develop the NESP

that parents want their children to significantly

improve their learning achievement at all levels of

the national education system. To address these

expectations, wide-ranging reforms and innovative

strategies and programmes will be undertaken over

the next five years to improve student learning in all

schools and educational institutions.

8.2 • Teachers have a key role to play in implementation of NESP reforms

There is convincing national and international

research evidence that highlights the crucial

role to be played by teachers in the successful

implementation of the reforms outlined in the

NESP. For example, in the basic education sub-

sector teachers will play a key role in the successful

roll-out of the new curriculum, as well as adoption

of new interactive pedagogy and application of a

new assessment system. Therefore, teachers have

been placed at the centre of the NESP goal.

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9.0 • The nine Transformational Shifts to achieve the NESP goal

The MOE has identified nine Transformational Shifts that will collectively contribute to the achievement

of the NESP goal (see Diagram 9.1). A Transformational Shift is defined as high-level vision statement that

describes a desired future state of a particular part of the education sector in Myanmar in 2021.

Importantly, these nine Transformational Shifts will

enable the MOE to make significant advancement

towards achievement of the Sustainable

Development Goal for Education, namely: SDG Goal

4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education

and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.

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Diagram 9.1: NESP goal and nine Transformational Shifts

Preschool and kindergarten

education

All children get a head start on their learning pathway through accessing quality

preschool and kindergarten

education

Management,

capacity development and quality assurance

Education managers at all levels apply evidence-based decision

making and demand accountability for improved

teaching and learning in schools and educational

institutions

Higher

education

Students have equitable access to a world-class higher

education system, leading to better opportunities for

employment and significant contributions to a knowledge-based

economy

TVET

More learners can access TVET and graduate from quality-assured and labourmarket-responsive TVET programmes under

a more effective TVET management system

Alternative education

Learners can access and graduate from

quality-assured, certified and nationally credentialed

alternative education programmes to achieve

their learning and career aspirations

Teacher

education and management

Teachers support, develop and apply interactive

classroom teaching and learning benefiting all

students

Student

assessment and examinations

Teachers and education managers implement a

quality assessment system to improve student learning

achievement

Basic education

curriculum

All school children develop knowledge, skills,

attitudes and competencies that are relevant to their lives

and to the socio-economic development needs of 21st

century Myanmar

NESP goalImproved teaching and

learning, vocational education and training, research and

innovation leading to measurable improvements in student

achievement in all schools and educational

institutions.

Basic

education — access, quality and inclusion

All children can access, progress through and successfully complete

quality basic education

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10.0 • Main sub-sectors of the NESP

To successfully achieve the nine Transformational Shifts responsible departments of the MOE and

relevant ministries will need to implement a series of complementary strategies and programmes in a

well-co-ordinated manner across all sub-sectors. This is essential in order to realise greater efficiencies

and better value for money for government and donor investments in the education sector.

The following section presents the sub-sector strategies, programmes and programme components that

the MOE will implement to achieve the NESP goal and nine Transformational Shifts by the end of 2021.

moral, social and psychological skills and prepare

them for continuing into primary education”

(Chapter 1, Clause (o)). In addition, the law states that

Kindergarten is “education that promotes holistic

development using appropriate methods for five

year olds to ease their transition to first grade”

(Chapter 1, Clause (p)). The NEL also stipulates

“kindergarten will be regarded as the base level of

Primary Education” (Chapter 5, Clause 16 (b)).

Currently, access to preschool in Myanmar

lags far behind most other countries in the

Asia Pacific Region. Limited access to quality

preschool and kindergarten education negatively

affects school readiness, student learning

achievement, community wellbeing and national

economic development.

The following four complementary and linked

strategies and programmes will be implemented

to achieve the Transformational Shift for preschool

and kindergarten education.

10.1 • Preschool and kindergarten education

The government is committed to expanding

access to quality preschool and kindergarten

education, which together comprise early

childhood care and development (ECCD), as an

integral part of major ongoing social sector reforms

and expanded national economic development.

Many economists, child development specialists

and social policy researchers in Myanmar and

internationally have ranked funding for ECCD

services as one of the most important social and

economic investments a country can make in

order to maximise investments in other education

sub-sectors.

The National Education Law (NEL) (2014) states

that ECCD “promotes the holistic development

using developmentally appropriate methods for

children from birth to age eight” (Chapter 1, Clause

(n)), while preschool “is for children aged three to

five years to develop their physical, intellectual,

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Strategy 1:Strengthen governance and co-ordination of preschool services

Programme: ECCD governance and co-ordination programme

Programme Component 1:Establish ECCD Committees at district and township levels to engage stakeholders from government, civil society and private sectors in expanding access to quality preschool services

Programme Component 2:Preschool census and mapping baseline to collect quality data on the level of access to preschools across the country (integrated with Department of Basic Education national baseline)

End Outcome (by 2021):Better governance and co-ordination of preschool services by ECCD committees results in effective delivery of preschool education

Strategy 2:Expand access to preschool services for children in rural and remote areas

Programme: Access to preschool services programme

Programme Component 1: Expand access to school- and community-based preschools through preschool grants to disadvantaged areas to ensure that children with the greatest need can benefit from quality preschool education

Programme Component 2: Early childhood intervention services for children with special needs aged three to five years so that they can easily transition to mainstream schooling

End Outcome (by 2021):Improved access to quality preschool services for children aged three to five years, living in rural and remote areas

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Strategy 3:Improve preschool quality to better prepare children for primary school

Programme:Preschool quality improvement programme

Programme Component 1:Provision of integrated packages of interventions for preschools in rural and remote ethnic areas to improve the quality of school- and community-based preschools

Programme Component 2:National preschool teacher training and preschool management committee training to improve learning in preschools

Programme Component 3:Quality assurance assessments of the achievement of national preschool standards in all preschools

End Outcome (by 2021):Children are better prepared for entrance to kindergarten after attending preschool

Strategy 4:Implement quality kindergarten education

Programme: Quality kindergarten programme

Programme Component 1:Provision of kindergarten teachers, classroom infrastructure and appropriate teaching and learning materials in all basic education schools

Programme Component 2:Promotion of parental involvement in kindergarten education

Programme Component 3:Implement a national teacher training programme for kindergarten specialisation

End Outcome (by 2021):Successful transition to Grade 1 by children who have completed one year of kindergarten

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10.2 • Basic education reforms for the 21st century

The MOE has developed a Conceptual Framework

for Basic Education Reforms (see Diagram 10.1) to

show the key linkages between the main basic

education sub-sector reform areas:

i. Access, quality and inclusion;

ii. Curriculum;

iii. Student assessment and examinations; and

iv. Teacher education and management.

There are four important principles represented in

this framework.

Principle 1: Maximising improvements in student

learning achievement through a sequenced

and integrated approach to programme

implementation

This principle highlights the importance of effective

sequencing and co-ordination of strategic reforms

in the basic education, curriculum, student

assessment and examinations and teacher

education and management sub-sectors over

the next five years. Reforms in these sub-sectors

must be undertaken through a fully harmonised

approach as they are all interrelated.

Principle 2: Dynamic accountability relationships

to improve student learning

The successful implementation of the basic

education reforms are entirely dependent on

dynamic accountability relationships operating

between education stakeholders across all levels

of the national education system. For example,

township education officers demand accountability

for improved teaching and learning in schools from

head teachers and, conversely, head teachers

demand quality in-service training for their teachers

and school quality grants from township officers.

Principle 3: Enabling township and school-based

decision-making policy reforms

Head teachers and parent teacher associations

(PTAs) all need to be empowered and given greater

decision-making responsibilities to be able to make

changes in their school to support the successful

implementation of the basic education reforms. In

addition, township education officials need to be

empowered to support schools to implement the

basic education reforms.

Principle 4: Mechanisms to empower schools to

sustain the basic education reforms

The MOE has identified School Improvement Plans,

School Quality Assurance Assessments and school

quality grants as the key mechanisms to empower

schools to support and sustain implementation of

the basic education reforms.

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Diagram 10.1: Conceptual framework for Basic Education Reforms

Schools

National and sub-national levels

National Education System, National Education Law & National Education Strategic Plan

Head teachers, Parent Teacher Associations

MOE implementing departments, state, region, district & township education offices

President, State Counsellor, Parliament

Dynamic accountability relationships

2

Enabling township & school-

based decision-making policy

reforms

3

Mechanisms to empower

schools

4

1Improved

student learning achievement

Student Assessment and

Examinations

Teacher Education

and Management

Basic Education

Curriculum

Access, Quality & Inclusion

Citizens & Civil Society Organisations

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Strategy 1:Strengthening policy, legislation and systems

Programme: Basic education policy, legislation and systems programme

Programme Component 1:Decision Making in Schools and Townships Policy to enable head teachers and PTAs to support implementation of basic education reforms and to improve student learning achievement

End Outcome (by 2021):Head teachers and PTAs are empowered and enabled by the Decision Making in Schools and Townships Policy to improve classroom teaching and student learning achievement

Strategy 2:Strengthening partnerships

Programme: Basic education partnerships programme

Programme Component 1:Development of a partnership mechanism to support the participation of different education service providers in the basic education reforms, such as monastic, private sector and community-based schools, schools funded by non-governmental organisations and those managed under ethnic education systems

End Outcome (by 2021):Increased participation by different education service providers and partner organisations in the basic education sub-sector

Strategy 3:Advocacy and communication

Programme:Advocacy and communication programme

Programme Component 1:Basic education reforms communication campaign to build awareness among key stakeholders regarding what the basic education reforms involve and how they will improve classroom teaching and student learning achievement

Programme Component 2:Monitoring reform implementation challenges and stakeholder perceptions in order to understand and address any unexpected barriers hindering the successful implementation of the basic education reforms

End Outcome (by 2021):Education stakeholders across the country are aware of and support the National Education Strategic Plan

The following three complementary and linked

strategies and programmes will be implemented to

achieve the four principles listed in the Conceptual

Framework for Basic Education Reforms.

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10.3 • Basic education – access, quality and inclusion

Increasing access to quality basic education is vital

for Myanmar’s growth and equity. The NEL (2014)

recognises the right of all citizens to education, and

in particular free, compulsory primary education.

The law also: mandates the establishment of an

education quality assurance system; extends the

basic education system to 13 years (including

a Kindergarten year); allows for the learning of

natioanlities’ languages and culture, and the use of

natioanlities’ languages as a classroom language;

provides a definition of, as well as a commitment to,

inclusive education and commits to a decentralised

education system. A number of other types of

non-government basic education schools are also

recognised by the NEL.

Despite the reform achievements over the last

few years the basic education system continues

to face major challenges relating to school access,

retention, inclusion, equity and quality assurance of

education standards.

The following three complementary and

linked strategies and programmes will be

implemented to achieve the Transformational Shift

for basic education.

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Strategy 3:Improve school quality through a national school-based quality assurance system

Programme:School quality improvement programme

Programme Component 1:Development of a national School Quality Standards Assurance Framework (SQSAF) that sets out minimum quality standards across all aspects of the school environment in preschools and basic education schools

Programme Component 2:School improvement planning against the School Quality Standards Assurance Framework (SQSAF) and linked funding of School Improvement Plans through school quality grants

Programme Component 3:School leadership and management training to build the capacity of school leaders to improve teaching and learning, practise decentralised decision making and increase parental and community involvement in schools

End Outcome (by 2021):Significant improvements experienced by students in their school and classroom learning environment

Strategy 1:Enable universal access to free basic education

Programme:Universal access to basic education programme

Programme Component 1:School census and mapping baseline in all preschools and basic education schools to establish a sound evidence base upon which education managers can address access gaps and identify schools for expansion and upgrading, especially in disadvantaged areas

Programme Component 2:Expansion of existing schools, upgrading of schools and construction of new schools, with a special focus in less-developed areas to make middle and high school education more accessible to all

Programme Component 3:Provision of teaching and learning materials packages for basic education schools and students, prioritising schools in disadvantaged areas

End Outcome (by 2021):All children, boys and girls, access primary, middle and high schools

Strategy 2:Support compulsory and inclusive education

Programme:Compulsory and inclusive education programme

Programme Component 1:Strengthening compulsory primary education (pilot) through testing mechanisms and processes to enrol, return and retain children in schools with high numbers of students dropping out

Programme Component 2:Supporting at-risk students for equitable access to basic education through remedial education, stipends and school feeding to address the (opportunity) costs of schooling for children from poor families

Programme Component 3:Promote access for children with special education-al needs

End Outcomes (by 2021):Students complete primary, middle and high school level

Drop-out students are supported to re-enroll and stay in school

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Strategy 2:Build the professional capacity of Curriculum Development Teams

Programme:Curriculum capacity development programme

Programme Component 1: Teacher training on the new basic education curriculum

Programme Component 2: Capacity development of Curriculum Development Teams

Programme Component 3: Capacity development for curriculum developers of nationalities’ languages in states and regions, supported by Curriculum Development Teams

End Outcomes (by 2021):Curriculum Development Teams apply competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes) to develop a new basic education curriculum and linked curriculum materials, that incorporates 21st century skills, soft skills and higher order thinking skills

Basic education teacher competencies are applied to teach the new curriculum following orientation training

10.4 • Basic education curriculum

A quality basic education curriculum is a critical

building block for Myanmar’s socio-economic

development and it is an essential pre-requisite

for the provision of quality education and the

improvement of student learning achievement.

A key curriculum reform challenge is to develop

and successfully implement a new basic education

curriculum at primary, middle and high school

levels that is more relevant to all students, thereby

motivating them stay in school and complete basic

education.

The new curriculum must focus on 21st century

skills, soft skills (including personal development

Strategy 1:Redesign the basic education curriculum emphasising 21st century skills

Programme:Basic education curriculum reform programme

Programme Component 1:Prepare the new curriculum design for basic education with greater focus on learning concepts, problem-solving processes and understanding of basic principles and reasons behind the knowledge

Programme Component 2:Development and finalisation of curriculum materials to enable a more interactive style of classroom teaching and learning

Programme Component 3:Development of curriculum for nationalities’ languages to support and uphold the languages, literature, culture, arts, customs, heritage and traditions of all nationalities

End Outcomes (by 2021):Students appreciate and respond to a more relevant basic education curriculum that emphasizes 21st century skills

Teachers and students actively and successfully use new curriculum materials, including textbooks and teachers’ guides

and employability skills) and higher order thinking

skills.

Importantly, the new curriculum must reduce the

content to a manageable level to ensure that there is

sufficient time: (a) for teachers to adequately cover

the full curriculum within each academic year; and

(b) for students to understand new concepts and

to develop higher order thinking skills appropriate

for Myanmar’s modern economy and changing

society needs.

The following three complementary and linked

strategies and programmes will be implemented

to achieve the Transformational Shift for basic

education curriculum.

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Strategy 3:Implement the new curriculum through strengthened curriculum management, dissemination and monitoring and evaluation systems

Programme:Curriculum management system, dissemination and M&E system programme

Programme Component 1:Strengthen the curriculum management system including the capacity to print and distribute better quality curriculum materials to all schools in a timely manner

Programme Component 2:Implement new curriculum dissemination through different media to stakeholders, including the public and parents, about the new methods and materials used under the new curriculum

Programme Component 3:Strengthening curriculum monitoring and evaluation systems

End Outcomes (by 2021):Curriculum Development Teams successfully manage and monitor implementation of the basic education curriculum, address documented challenges and ensure the on-time delivery of textbooks and teachers’ guides

All basic education teachers successfully implement the new curriculum through actively using new teaching and learning materials (textbooks and teachers’ guides)

Improved student learning achievement through implementation of the revised basic education curriculum

Increased awareness and support among parents and the general public about the new curriculum

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10.5 • Student assessment and examinations

A key focus of assessment reforms under the NESP is

a move away from a system focused on the accurate

repetition of acquired content knowledge to a more

balanced system that assesses student learning

progress against national learning standards.

This shift is in line with international research that

demonstrates the importance of monitoring a

student’s ability to engage in and complete complex

thinking and problem-solving tasks and to develop

self-learning skills. These are skills that students

need for personal and professional development.

They are also essential skills for a globally

competitive workforce. An effective assessment

system can help a country to improve the equity of

their education system, through identifying areas

where students need greater support.

The following two complementary and linked

strategies and programmes will be implemented

to achieve the Transformational Shift for student

assessment and examinations.

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Strategy 1:Improve assessment and examinations

Programme:National assessment policy programme

Programme Component 1:National Assessment Policy to provide an umbrella framework for an integrated basic education assessment system for both classroom and school assessment

Programme Component 2:Classroom-level assessment to provide teachers and students with formative and summative assessment information about student learning achievement

Programme Component 3:School-level assessment to help teachers to identify the class each student will be attending the following year

Programme Component 4:Grade 5, Grade 9 and high school completion examinations to provide valid and reliable information regarding student achievement

Programme Component 5:National sample-based assessments to provide useful evidence about the level of student achievement in identified curriculum areas

End Outcome (by 2021):Teachers and education managers apply new professional knowledge and skills to successfully implement the National Assessment Policy and procedures

Strategy 2:Strengthen co-ordination, management and monitoring

Programme:Strengthening co-ordination, management and monitoring programme

Programme Component 1:Restructure of Department of Myanmar Examinations so that it has the human resources to successfully implement the basic education assessment reforms

Programme Component 2:Capacity building and advocacy to enable MOE assessment officers to develop, deliver and maintain high-quality assessment and examinations systems

Programme Component 3:Development of assessment-related information and communication technology infrastructure to improve current work processes and the provision of examinations related services

Programme Component 4:Development of monitoring mechanisms to track achievements regarding Grade 5, Grade 9 and end-of-high school completion examinations and national sample-based assessments

End Outcome (by 2021):Better co-ordination, management and monitoring by education personnel involved in assessment and examinations

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10.6 • Teacher education and management

Improving the quality of teaching is essential

to achieve national student learning standards.

This demands an integrated approach to teacher

education and management reform. In high-

performing education systems in countries

worldwide, teachers have a central role to play in

improving educational outcomes. International

research shows that the way that teachers teach

has a greater effect on student learning outcomes

than any other factor. The National Education Law

(NEL) (2014) and NEL Amendment (2015) provide

a clear legal framework for progressive, integrated

and comprehensive teacher education and

management reforms.

Previously, teacher deployment and promotion

were not linked to performance but instead were

based on years of experience, and teachers were

promoted upwards through the levels of the basic

education system, away from primary schools.

This drains quality teachers from primary schools

where they are most needed. Recently recruited

daily wage teachers, who receive less formal

training, are often sent to the most remote primary

schools, meaning that these schools have the

least experienced teachers. The KG+12 expansion

of basic education will require additional teachers

to be placed using an evidence-based teacher

management, planning and deployment system.

The planned introduction of a new basic education

curriculum will demand establishment of a quality,

cost-effective in-service training programme that

can train all teachers on how to use new curriculum

materials and sustain changes in pedagogy.

In addition, pre-service teacher education also

requires complementary reforms to enable

teaching that bridges theory and practice and

encourages self-reflective practice.

The following three complementary and linked

strategies and programmes will be implemented

to achieve the Transformational Shift for teacher

education and management.

Strategy 1:Strengthen teacher quality assurance and teacher management

Programme:Teacher quality assurance and management programme

Programme Component 1:Establishment of a Teacher Education Council to enable teacher representatives to advise and support implementation of the teacher education and management reforms in the NESP

Programme Component 2:Establishment of a teacher quality assurance system against which teachers can be held to account for quality teaching and measurable improvements in student learning

Programme Component 3:Design and implementation of an equitable teacher recruitment, promotion and deployment system to improve management and achieve an appropriate teacher-student ratio

End Outcomes (by 2021):Teachers achieve Teacher Competency Framework standards after attending teacher training courses

Teachers gain equitable opportunities as a result of implementation of teacher recruitment, deployment and promotion policy and system

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Strategy 2:Improve the quality of pre-service teacher education

Programme:Pre-service teacher education quality improvement programme

Programme Component 1:Short-term revisions to the teacher education curriculum and training modules to ensure that they are aligned with the NESP basic education reforms

Programme Component 2:Upgrading two-year programmes in education colleges to Specialised degree programmes

Programme Component 3:School partnerships and reform of block teaching and practicum to ensure that teacher trainees have the opportunity to apply their learning and gain essential feedback and advice as they develop their teaching practice

Programme Component 4:Strengthen management and administration of teacher education institutions (TEIs)

End Outcomes (by 2021):Graduating teachers deliver interactive teaching in basic education schools and achieve Teacher Competency Framework standards

Revised curriculum is implemented at TEIs;

Specialised education degree courses are established in education colleges

Strategy 3:Improve the quality of in-service teacher professional development

Programme:Teacher professional development programme

Programme Component 1:Establishment of a National Centre for Teacher Professional Development (NCTPD) to provide long-term, essential training capacity to successfully implement the teacher professional development programme

Programme Component 2:Develop a teacher professional development programme to provide professional, long-term in-service professional teacher training and mentoring support to teachers from a designated cluster of schools within each township

Programme Component 3:Country-wide comprehensive short-term in-service training on the new basic education curriculum

End Outcome (by 2021):In-service teachers actively participate in teaching and mentoring activities implemented by teacher trainers and mentors, and then deliver interactive teaching in basic education schools, and achieve Teacher Competency Framework standards

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10.7 • Alternative education (AE)

Without question, many of the millions of Myanmar

youth who have dropped out of school have the

talent, ability and aspirations for a better future

and they would greatly benefit from being able

to access well-designed alternative education

pathways, which will enable youth to transition to high

school, TVET, higher education and employment.

Alternative education is an integral part of high-

performing education systems in countries

around the world. Alternative education differs

from the formal education system in its flexibility

to accommodate the needs of different groups

of learners who have restricted access to formal

schooling. However, a key similarity between formal

and alternative education is equivalency in learning

standards. This is essential to enable learners to

transition easily between both systems.

Currently, the education system in Myanmar does

not meet the needs of all learners. An estimated 2.7

million learners (aged five to sixteen years) have

either never enrolled in school or have dropped out

of the formal education system, and an estimated

3.5 million adults (over the age of 15) are illiterate.

Out-of-school youth is a tremendous pool of talent

and potential that can help close the skills gap in

Myanmar and greatly contribute to the country’s

productivity and competitiveness. These youth

deserve a second chance to achieve their learning

and career aspirations. In response the MOE will put

in place accessible alternative education pathway

options that provide out-of-school youth with the

competencies and credentials that will open the door

to higher wages and lifelong learning opportunities.

40 NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016—21

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Strategy 1:Strengthen co-ordination and management

Programme:Co-ordination and management programme

Programme Component 1:National AE Co-ordination Committee (AECC), AE policy and Dept. of Alternative Education capacity to support the effective and efficient co-ordination of government and non-government AE providers, community-based organisations and the private sector

Programme Component 2:National AE baseline and database system design to ensure equity in the provision of AE services

End Outcome (by 2021):Non-governmental organisations (AE providers) partner with the MOE to deliver quality non-formal primary and middle school education equivalency programmes and other AE programmes for out-of-school learners

Strategy 2:Expand access through multiple AE pathways

Programme:Multiple AE pathways programme

Programme Component 1:Non-formal Primary Education Equivalency Programme (NFPE EP), Basic Literacy and Functional Literacy programmes and others AE programmes expansion in disadvantaged areas with the highest number of children dropping out of primary school

Strategy 3:Strengthen the quality of AE programmes

Programme:Quality AE programme

Programme Component 1:Development of a national AE Quality Standards Assessment Framework (AE-QSAF) to enable senior MOE managers to access accurate and reliable data on the performance of AE service providers

Programme Component 2:Development of national certificates for AE programmes to enable students to access other learning pathways in the AE system

Programme Component 3:Development of AE teacher competencies and a teacher training programme

End Outcome (by 2021):AE providers use the findings from annual Quality Standards Assessments to improve the implementation of AE programmes and achieve minimum national quality standards

Programme Component 2:Non-formal Middle School Education Programme (NFMSEP) piloting and implementation nationally through a combination of government, non-government and private sector organisations

Programme Component 3:National Youth Education Certificate (NYEC) as a pathway for out-of-school youth who would like to continue their alternative education into TVET, higher education and employment

End Outcome (by 2021):Learners enrolled in non-formal primary education equivalency and middle school education programmes, as well as all other government-approved AE programmes, graduate and receive government-approved certificates, which recognise their achievements and enable continuous learning

The MOE has developed an Alternative Education

Pathways Map (see Diagram 10.2) to show the

multiple and interconnected pathways for students

to access alternative education and to progress to

employment opportunities.

The following three complementary and linked

strategies and programmes will be implemented

to achieve the Transformational Shift for alternative

education.

41SUMMARY

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Diagram 10.2: Alternative Education Pathways Map

Literacy education

Primary school

equivalency prog.

(2 years)

Middle school

equivalency prog.

(3 years)

Middle school

equivalency

certificate

Primary school

(5 years)

Middle school

(4 years)

Grade 5 exam

passed

Grade 9 exam

passed

Primary

equivalency

certificate

Literacy Certificate

L

Entry points to alternative

education pathways

5 9

MP

Employment

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–21 SUMMARY42

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Higher

education

High School

(3 years)

Completion Certificate

passed (new BE curriculum)

Entrance

requirements met

Entrance

Exam passed

Employment

TVET

EEC

ER

National Youth

Education Certificate

(NYEC)

N

National Youth

Education

Certificate Training

Course

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–21 SUMMARY 43

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10.8 • Technical and vocational education and training (TVET)

The main objective of TVET is to equip learners

with the knowledge, skills and competencies

that will enable them to find employment and

achieve their career aspirations. High quality TVET

that equips Myanmar’s economy with a skilled

and competitive workforce will contribute to the

economy’s sustainable growth.

Myanmar’s TVET system needs to develop a highly

qualified workforce for the domestic economy in

emerging industrial and service sectors, and ensure

that skilled workers are able to achieve international

and ASEAN TVET skills standards. The system also

needs to provide appropriate and demand-specific

training for citizens seeking employment and self-

employment within the less developed sectors

of Myanmar’s economy. In 2015, the country had

an increasing demand for skilled labour in the

agriculture, energy/extractive, manufacturing,

infrastructure, and tourism/hospitality sectors.

The MOE has developed a TVET Pathways Map

(see Diagram 10.3) to show the multiple and

interconnected pathways for students to access

TVET and to progress to employment opportunities.

The following three complementary and linked

strategies and programmes will be implemented

to achieve the Transformational Shift for TVET.

Strategy 1:Expanding access to TVET for various target groups including disadvantaged populations and people with disabilities

Programme:Integrated TVET programme

Programme Component 1:Establish an integrated TVET system that strengthens access to all TVET pathways outlined in the TVET Pathways Map

Programme Component 2:Increase the capacity and upgrade existing TVET programmes

Programme Component 3:Undertake competency-based modular short courses to increase access to TVET

Programme Component 4:Establish TVET Centres of Excellence (COEs) in Yangon and Mandalay regions to demonstrate best practices and to undertake research and innovation in TVET provision

Programme Component 5:Expand stipends and scholarships for disadvantaged students

End Outcomes (by 2021):Increased access to TVET opportunities for most TVET learners

More TVET opportunities for students in rural areas on a par with urban areas

More opportunities for students for bridging between levels of TVET

More stipend and scholarship programmes for TVET students

More pathways for students from TVET to higher education

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–21 SUMMARY44

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Strategy 2:Strengthening the quality and relevance of TVET

Programme:TVET quality and relevance programme

Programme Component 1:Undertake capacity development for TVET managers/management staff

Programme Component 2:Provide pedagogical and specific skills training for pre-service and in-service TVET teachers

Programme Component 3:Establish dual training systems at training institutions and industry workplaces

Programme Component 4:Develop/upgrade TVET curricula to meet local needs and provide a balance between practical work and theory

Programme Component 5:Establish a quality assurance system that comprises a TVET National Qualifications Framework, national skills standards, a competency-based curriculum and accreditation of institutions and individuals

End Outcomes (by 2021):TVET managers and management staff improve the management of TVET institutions

Trained pre-service and in-service teachers develop new competencies to teach in alignment with competency standards

Graduates achieve skill sets and levels required by industries

TVET curricula in place that meet local needs

Quality-assured TVET institutions and graduates achieve national skills standards

Strategy 3:Strengthening TVET management

Programme:TVET management programme

Programme Component 1:Establish a strengthened TVET governance system to enhance sector management and efficiency, increase access, and improve quality and relevance relating to shifting labour market demands

Programme Component 2:Establish and strengthen the proposed TVET Council and local TVET advisory boards

Programme Component 3:Establish a TVET financial management and monitoring system to co-ordinate and apply the budget effectively, in a way that is made public

Programme Component 4:Establishment of an information management system to collect data to better understand Myanmar’s changing TVET system and the performance of the labour market in order to inform policy decision-making

Programme Component 5:Conduct TVET research on skill types, localised employment needs, teacher requirements, teaching aids and pedagogies, and updated vocational subjects to support evidence-based decision-making

Programme Component 6:Establish public–private partnerships (PPPs) to expand access to quality TVET services, and strengthen partnerships between the public and private sector

End Outcomes (by 2021):Better co-operation among ministries, and between government and private sector under the co-ordination of a TVET Council

Effective financial management by ministries due to an established financial management system that facilitates budget flow

Improvement in data management system collection, analysis, reporting and evidence-based decision-making by TVET managers

Senior government officials and industry representatives use research data to strengthen policies and programmes

PPP programmes improve access and quality of TVET

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–21 SUMMARY 45

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Middle School High School

TVET High School

(technical,

agriculture,

livestock,

tourism etc.)

Workplace

Short Course

Special Transfer

Training Programme

Entrance

Entrance

1

Level 1

2

Level 2

3

Level 3

Workplace

E

Open entry (from any school or

workplace)

Primary School

Workplace

E

TVET-HS

Diagram 10.3: TVET Pathways Map

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–21 SUMMARY46

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Entrance

Workplace

Workplace

E

TVET Institute

(technical, agriculture,

livestock, tourism etc.)

Higher Education

Higher Education

(professional)

Entrance

Entrance

E

Entrance

Entrance

E

Orientation Programme

TVET

E

E

Workplace

Work and lifelong learning

Short Course

4

Level 4

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–21 SUMMARY 47

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10.9 • Higher education

Higher education is fundamental to a country’s

social and economic development. Higher

education is responsible for nurturing skilled

human capital needed in government, business

and industry. Higher education institutions (HEIs)

incubate the innovative and creative thinking

needed for globally and economically competitive

society. In order to sustain economic growth and

compete in the global economy, Myanmar’s HEIs

will be reformed to enable greater knowledge

production and to develop highly skilled

research centres to support social and economic

development.

The following three complementary and

linked strategies and programmes will be

implemented to achieve the Transformational Shift

for higher education.

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–21 SUMMARY48

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Strategy 2:Improve the quality and relevance of higher education

Programme:Higher education quality and career-relevance programme

Programme Component 1:Establish a National Research and Innovation Fund and Research and Development Centres at HEIs to benefit university teaching and learning, and develop university-managed income streams

Programme Component 2:Develop a policy and strategy for world-class national universities and comprehensive universities

Programme Component 3:Upgrade facilities at selected HEIs

Programme Component 4:Enhance the status of e-learning centres and e-libraries in HEIs

Programme Component 5:Improve the effectiveness of the distance education system

Programme Component 6:Undertake professional development for faculty and laboratory technicians

End Outcome (by 2021):Non-academic staff deliver effective administration Academic staff deliver effective teaching and undertake quality research

Strategy 3:Expand equitable access to higher education

Programme:Equitable access to higher education programme

Programme Component 1:Create a good teaching and learning environment at HEIs

Programme Component 2:Promote student support programmes

End Outcome (by 2021):Equitable access for students to HEIs regardless of their socio-economic background

Strategy 1:Strengthen higher education governance and management capacity

Programme:Institutional capacity development programme

Programme Component 1:Undertake overseas study tours to document best practices and establish partnerships with international universities, research centres and other higher education institutions

Programme Component 2:Establish a National Institute for Higher Education Development (NIHED) to improve higher education governance and management, build individual skills and strengthen institutional capabilities

Programme Component 3:Strengthen governance of HEIs through university charters and university councils

Programme Component 4:Strengthen autonomy and accountability of HEIs to realise more efficient and effective management, better value for money and significant improvements in access to quality higher education

Programme Component 5:Establish a Higher Education Quality Assurance Agency to lead the development of national quality standards for higher education and undertake quality assurance assessments of all HEIs

End Outcome (by 2021):Strengthened governance and management by officials from the MOE and line ministries and managers of HEIs improves access to quality higher education

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10.10 • Management, capacity development and quality assurance

The MOE has undertaken an extensive analysis of

the NESP evidence base and identified five strategic

drivers of change that will facilitate and sustain

education reforms outlined in the NESP over the

long term. The drivers of change are:

1. Ministry of Education Quality Assurance System

(MQAS)

2. Sector-wide, sub-sector and sub-national

co-ordination mechanisms

3. Management structures, systems and tools

4. Human resource capacity

5. Evidence-based decision making

The NEL (2014) and NEL Amendment (2015)

provide a unifying national vision to strengthen co-

ordination, management structures and systems

across the MOE.

The following three complementary and linked

strategies and programmes will be implemented to

achieve the Transformational Shift for management,

capacity development and quality assurance.

Strategy 1:Strengthen and sustain sector-wide, sub-sector and sub-national co-ordination mechanisms

Programme:Sub-national co-ordination programme

Programme Component 1:Strengthen state and region, district and township education committees to support more effective and efficient education sector co-ordination

Programme Component 2:Partnerships with state and region education offices to address the most urgent challenges in the provision of quality basic education, alternative education and TVET

End Outcome (by 2021):Active and constructive participation by government ministries and non-governmental stakeholders in sector-wide, sub-sector and sub-national co-ordination mechanisms improves access to quality education

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Strategy 2:Strengthen education sector management structures, systems and tools

Programme:Education management systems and tools programme

Programme Component 1:Establish the NESP Co-ordination Committee, Programme Management Teams (PMTs) and the NESP Secretariat to support the NESP implementing departments to successfully implement NESP strategies and programmes

Programme Component 2:Implement the NESP Annual Planning and Budget Cycle

Programme Component 3: Strengthen HRIS and EMIS and develop the Education Portal to support evidence-based decision making across the national education system

Programme Component 4: Development of the Performance Monitoring and Accountability System (PeMAS) dashboard to present the most important performance monitoring data on one integrated system for easy and immediate access by senior officials

Programme Component 5: Institutionalise education sector annual planning through a joint Annual Sector Performance Review and a joint Annual Sector Budget Review

Programme Component 6:Provide basic ICT tools and undertake pilots using new ICTs, to strengthen education management efficiency and effectiveness at all levels of the national education system

End Outcome (by 2021):Empowered education managers make evidence-informed decisions and hold schools and educational institutions to account for their performance

Strategy 3:Strengthen the capacity of education managers to successfully undertake education reforms

Programme:Leadership and capacity development programme

Programme Component 1:NESP Annual Capacity Development Plan to describe a range of capacity development initiatives for education managers at head office, state/ region, district and township levels

Programme Component 2:Education Management Training Programme to strengthen the capacity of officers working at headquarters, state/region, district and township levels

Programme Component 3:Executive leadership and mentoring targeting senior education officials

End Outcome (by 2021):Improvement among education managers in terms of knowledge and skills to successfully implement their NESP programmes and budgets

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–21 SUMMARY 51

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11.0 • Education pathways for work and lifelong learning

The MOE has developed an Education Pathways Map (see Diagram 11.1 below) which shows the formal

and alternative education pathways that students can take to achieve their career and lifelong learning

aspirations. Over the next five to ten years the MOE will work to ensure that all students, regardless of

where they live, can access quality education pathways listed in the Education Pathways Map below.

Diagram 11.1: Education Pathways Map

Preschool 3-5 years (all providers)

Kindergarten: for all 5 year olds

Non-formal Primary Education

(Equivalence) 2 years

Non-Formal Middle School Education

(Equivalence) 3 years

Middle School: 4 years

Primary School: 5 years

PS

K P

PS-E

M

Primary Level Completion Test

PS

Home

MS-E

Primary Level Completion Exam

PS

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–21 SUMMARY52

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High School Level Completion Exam

(Matriculation Exam)

Formal Technical & Vocational

Education and Training (High

Schools)

National Education Certificate Training

Course

High School: 3 years

MHS

TVET-HS

Non-Formal Technical and

Vocational Education and Training

Work and lifelong learning

Higher Education (Universities):

4 years

Middle School Level

Completion Test

Education Colleges

EC

National Youth Education Certificate

(NYEC)

N

Middle School Level Completion

Exam

NF-TVET

MS

MS

Technical and Vocational

Education and Training (Colleges)

Univ.

TVET

TVET

Technical and Vocational Education

and Training (Centres)

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–21 SUMMARY 53

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12.0 • Financing the NESP

In recent years the government has increased public spending on education (the education sector

budget increased by 351 per cent between 2011–12 and 2015–16). In addition, there have been notable

efforts made to prioritise quality-focused investments across the sector, such as instructional materials

and school infrastructure. Furthermore, civil servants’ salaries increased nearly fourfold between

2011–12 and 2014–15.

are implemented. Under this scenario the annual

cost of education more than doubles over the five-

year period to 14,474,663 million MMK. The high

performance scenario involves a wider range of

NESP programme activities and higher system

targets. The total cost of this scenario is 15,300,032

million MMK.

A key finding from the NESP financing analysis

is that delivering improved access to quality

education services across all sub-sectors will

require a combination of better use of existing

education finance and continued expansion of

investments across the sector.

The NESP presents preliminary estimates of the

future cost of education provision over five years

(2016–21) based on two performance scenarios

– low and high performance. Each scenario

includes the regular costs for operating the

national education system, such as personnel,

operational and regular capital costs, and the

costs of NESP strategies, programmes and

programme components.

The low performance scenario illustrates how

much education services will cost over the next

five years (2016–17 to 2020–21) if 80 per cent of

NESP programme activities and system targets

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–21 SUMMARY54

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13.0 • Phased implementation of the NESP

The NESP provides an overall strategic reform agenda for the period 2016–21. However, the MOE

recognises that many of these reforms listed will take longer than five years to successfully implement.

In response to this situation the MOE will undertake a phased approach to implementation of the NESP.

Phase 1 (2016–21) will focus on establishing and

implementing priority reforms that will directly

contribute to the achievement of the NESP goal

and nine Transformational Shifts. Phase 2 of the

NESP (2022–27) will aim to successfully complete

priority reforms from Phase 1, and implement

additional complementary reforms to further

achieve the NESP goal and Transformational Shifts.

Under Phase 1 of the NESP the MOE will identify

priority reforms on an annual basis and list them

in a NESP Annual Priorities Plan. This planning tool

will enable the MOE to adjust course and respond

to major changes in the education sector that have

occurred over the previous 12 months, such as new

policy announcements, new performance data

and/or research findings and unexpected events,

such as natural disasters.

Countries with high-performing education systems

have identified flexibility in responding to changes

in the local education context as an important

factor in successful reform implementation.

Therefore, the MOE will apply this important lesson

through developing and implementing a NESP

Annual Priorities Plan.

NATIONAL EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2016–21 SUMMARY 55

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Ministry of Education, Nay Pyi Taw

The Government of the

Republic of the Union of Myanmar

2016

Page 61: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနး(၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)အႏစခပ

ျပညေထာငစသမၼတျမနမာႏငငေတာအစးရပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာန

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Page 63: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)

အႏစခပ

ျပညေထာငစသမၼတျမနမာႏငငေတာအစးရပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာန

၂၀၁၆ ခႏစ

Page 64: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၄မၾကာျမငေသးသညႏစမားအတြငး

ပညာေရးမဝါဒျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈ

အေပၚ ၿခငသးသပခက

စာ-၁၂

ဥေယာဇဥ

စာ-၄

၁နဒါနး

စာ-၇

၇အမးသားပညာေရး

မဟာဗဟာစမကနးေရးဆြရာတြင

အေျခခသညမမား

စာ-၂၃

၁၁အလပအကငႏင ဘဝတစသကတာ

ေလလာသငယမႈဆငရာ

ပညာေရးလမးသြယမား

စာ-၆၀

၅ အမးသားပညာေရးစနစ၏

မၾကာျမငေသးသညႏစမားအတြငး

ေအာငျမငျဖစထြနးမႈမား

စာ-၁၅

၈အမးသားပညာေရး

မဟာဗဟာစမကနး

ရညမနးခကပနးတင

စာ-၂၅

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)2

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၁၂အမးသားပညာေရး

မဟာဗဟာစမကနးအတြက

ဘ႑ာေငြေထာကပျခငး

စာ-၆၂

၂ျမနမာႏငင၏

ေနာကခအေျခအေန

စာ-၈

၉အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး ရညမနးခကပနးတငကေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစမည

မဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလ(၉)ရပ

စာ-၂၇

၁၀အမးသားပညာေရး

မဟာဗဟာစမကနး၏

အဓကက႑မား

စာ-၂၉

၃ျမနမာပညာေရးစနစ၏

ေယဘယ

ေနာကခအေျခအေန

စာ-၁၀

၁၃အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာ

စမကနးက အဆငအလက

အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကျခငး

စာ-၆၃

၆လကရပညာေရးစနစ၏

အဓကစနေခၚမႈမား

စာ-၁၇

အႏစခပ 3

Page 66: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

ဥေယာဇဥ

လာမည (၅)ႏစတာကာလအတြငး ေကာငးသားမား၊ လငယမားႏင အရြယေရာကသမား၏ ဘဝတစသကတာပညာသငယမႈရရႏငရနႏင အလပအကင အခြငအလမးမားရရေစရန ျမနမာႏငင၏ အမးသားပညာေရးစနစက အဓကထား ေျပာငးလ ေပးရပါမည။ ထကသ႔ေျပာငးလေပးရာတြင အရညအေသြးႏင သာတညမမႈရၿပး ကေလးမားႏင လကေလာညေထြမႈရေသာ ပညာေရးစနစသည မရမျဖစ လအပလာပါသည။ သ႔မသာ ကေလးမားအေနျဖင အသပညာသစမားႏင တတကြၽမးမႈမား၊ တထြငဖနတးျခငးႏင ဆနးစစေဝဖနျခငးဆငရာ ကြၽမးကငမႈမား၊ ယဥေကးမႈဆငရာ တနဖးထားမႈမားႏင ကငဝတမားရရကာ မမတ႔အတြက ပမေကာငးမြနေသာ အလပအကင အခြငအလမး မားက ေရြးခယတတလာေစျခငးျဖင ၂၁ရာစ ျမနမာႏငင လမႈစးပြား ဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈအတြက အကးျပႏငမည ျဖစပါသည။

ပညာေရးဟသညမာ ေမြးဖြားခနမ အစျပကာ ဘဝ တစေလာကလး စဥဆကမျပတသငယရမညအရာျဖစၿပး ႏငင၏ လမႈစးပြားဖြ႕ ၿဖးတးတကမႈအတြက အဓကအရငးအႏးျဖစပါသည။ ေခတမလပသားေစးကြကမား၌ ယဥၿပငႏငရန လအပေသာ ကြၽမးကငမႈမားရသည လငယမားျဖစလာေစရန တထြငဖနတးမႈ အခြငအလမးမားေပးကာ ဆနးသစတထြငမႈမားက ျဖစေပၚေစ ျခငးသည စးပြားေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈအတြက အဓကအေရးပါေသာ ေမာငးႏငအားတစရပ ျဖစပါသည။

ပညာေရးသည ဆငးရမြေတမႈကေလာခ၍ သာတညမမႈ ရေစျခငး၊ မသားစဝငေငြျမငမားေစျခငး၊ တစဦးခငးစႏင မသားစကနးမာေရးျမႇငတငေပးျခငး၊ လမႈအဖြ႕အစညးမားက အားျဖည ေပးျခငး၊ ၿငမးခမးေရးကေရရညတညတခငၿမေစျခငး၊ စးပြားေရးဖြ႕ ၿဖးတးတကေစျခငးတ႔ျဖင အမးသားစညးလးညၫြတေရး တညေဆာကမႈလပငနးမားတြင အဓကအခနးက႑မ ပါဝငေန ပါသည။

အရညအေသြးရေသာ အမးသားပညာေရးစနစ၏ အကး သကေရာကမႈမားက အျပညအဝသရနားလညေစရန ျပညေထာငစ သမၼတ ျမနမာႏငငေတာအစးရသည အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး (၂၀၁၆ - ၂၀၂၁) က အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာင ရြကမညျဖစပါသည။ အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနး သည လာမည (၅)ႏစတာကာလအတြငး ပညာေရးစနစတစခ လးက ျပျပငေျပာငးလေပးမညဘကစလႊမးၿခႏငေသာ အေထာက အထားမားအေပၚတြင အေျချပထားသည လမးျပေျမပျဖစပါသည။

လာမညႏစမားအတြငး အစးရ၏ အဓကျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈ လပငနးမားအနက ေဝးလေဒသမားတြငရေသာ ကေလးမား အပါအဝင ကေလးအားလးအတြက ကစားျခငးက ဗဟျပသည အရညအေသြးရ၍ ကနးမာေရးႏငညညြတေသာ မႀကႏင သငယတနးပညာေရးကဥးစားေပး၍ စတငအေကာငအထညေဖာ

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)4

Page 67: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

ပါမည။ မႀကႏင သငယတနးပညာေရးဟဆရာ၌ ၃ ႏစ မ ၆ ႏစ အရြယကေလးမား၏ ကာယ၊ ဉာဏ၊ ဘာသာစကား၊ စတပငး ဆငရာ၊ လမႈေရးပငးဆငရာ လအပခကမား ျဖညဆညးေပးရန ျဖစပါသည။

အေျခခပညာေရးႏငပတသက၍ ကေလးအားလး မလတနး၊ အလယတနးႏင အထကတနးအဆငပညာေရးက ေအာငျမငစြာ ၿပးေျမာကၿပး ဆေလာမႈရေသာ သငယမႈဆငရာ တတကြၽမးမႈ မားကရရေအာင အတတကြ ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကရန လအပ ပါသည။ သ႔မသာ အေျခခပညာေရးသည ကေလးမားအား နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး သ႔မဟတ တကသလပညာက ဆကလကသငယႏငမညခငမာသည အသပညာႏင ကြၽမးကငမႈမားက ပပးေပးႏငမညျဖစပါသည။ တကသလပညာကသာ အဆငျမငပညာဟ ယဆမႈကေျပာငးလ ရပါမည။

မလတနး၊ အလယတနးႏင အထကတနးပညာ သငယမႈ အခြငအလမးနညးပါးေသာ မသနစြမးကေလးမား၊ ႏြမးပါးေသာ ကေလးမား၊ ေဝးလေဒသမားမ ကေလးမားအတြက ရညရြယ သည ပညာေရးအစအစဥမားလညး လအပလကရပါသည။

ထ႔အတ အေျခခပညာသင႐းၫႊနးတမးက ၂၁ ရာစ အသပညာႏင ကြၽမးကငမႈမား အေလးေပးကာ ျပနလညျပျပင မြမးမ၍ စတငအေကာငအထညေဖာ ေဆာငရြကရပါမည။ သင႐း ၫႊနးတမး အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကမႈ အဆငေျပေခာေမြ႕ ေစရန မလတနး၊ အလယတနးႏင အထကတနးအဆငသင ဆရာမားအားလးက အရညအေသြးရ လပငနးခြငသငတနးမား ေပးၿပး အနးကပေလလာျခငးျဖင ႀကးၾကပေပးရပါမည။

ဆနးသစတထြငမႈႏင အရညအေသြးရၿပး လကလမးမေသာ ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာ ပညာေရးအစအစဥျဖင ပညာေရးႏင အလပအကင အခြငအလမးနညးပါးခသည လငယမား၊ အရြယ ေရာကသမား၏ လမႈဘဝအရညအေသြး ျမငမားေရးအတြက ႀကးစားရပါမည။

ႏငင၏လမႈေရး၊ စးပြားေရးဖြ႕ ၿဖးတးတကမႈအတြက လအပ သညမားက ျဖညဆညးေပးႏငသည ကမာၻ႔အဆငအတနးမေသာ ပညာေရးစနစျဖစလာေစရန သေတသနလပငနးမားႏင ဆနးသစ တထြငမႈမားက အေလးထားၿပး ႀကးစားေဆာငရြကရမည ျဖစ ပါသည။

အမးသားစးပြားေရး ေရရညဖြ႕ ၿဖးတးတကမႈအတြက နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး အရညအေသြး ျမငမားေစရန စဥဆကမျပတ တးခ႕ေဆာငရြကေပးရပါမည။ ထကသ႔ေဆာငရြကရာတြင လပငနးရငမားႏင ေကာငးသားမား၏ လအပခကမားႏင ေမာလငခကမား ျဖညဆညးေပးရန လအပ

သကသ႔ ဖြ႕ ၿဖးတးတကေရးဦးစားေပးက႑မားႏင လကေလာ ညေထြမႈရေစရန ေဆာငရြကရမညျဖစပါသည။

အမးသားပညာေရးစနစ ေရရညဖြ႕ ၿဖးတးတကျမငမားရန ေကာငးမားႏင ပညာသငယရာဌာနမားတြင အရညအေသြး အာမခမႈစနစတစရပ ထားရရမညျဖစပါသည။ ထစနစသည အမးသားပညာေရးအရညအေသြး အဆငအတနးမေစၿပး သငၾကား သငယမႈအပငးကတးတကျမငမားေစရန အေထာကအကျပမည ျဖစပါသည။ ထ႔ျပင နညးပညာရငမား၊ ပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြသမား၊ ေကာငးမား၊ သငတနးဌာနမားႏင တကသလမားမဦးေဆာငသ မား၏ အရညအေသြးကျမႇငတငေပးမည သငတနးအစအစဥ မားတြင ရငးႏးျမႇ ပႏရမညျဖစပါသည။ အထးသျဖင ကေလးမား၏ ပညာေရး၊ ၎တ႔ပတဝနးကင၌ရေသာ ေကာငးမားႏင ပညာ သငယရာဌာနမားတြင မဘမားတကကြစြာ ပါဝငလာရန ပပး ကညရပါမည။ အမးသားပညာေရးစနစ ဖြ႕ ၿဖးတးတကေရးအတြက ပညာေရးတြင ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသမား၊ ႏငငတြငးႏင ႏငငတကာ အဖြ႕အစညးမား၊ ပဂၢလက က႑မ ကမၸဏမားက ပပးကညႏငမည နညးလမးမားထားရရပါမည။

နဂးခပအေနျဖင အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)က ေအာငျမငစြာ အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြက ႏငေရးအတြက ေကာငးသားမား၊ မဘမား၊ ဆရာမား၊ ေကာငး မားတြင ဦးေဆာငသမား၊ ပညာေရးတြငပးေပါငး ေဆာငရြက သမား၊ ႏငငတြငးႏင ႏငငတကာမ မတဖကအဖြ႕အစညးမားအား ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနႏင အတတကြ ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကရန ေတာငးဆလပါသည။ ဤစမကနးသည အမးသားပညာေရး စနစတစခက ျပျပငေျပာငးလေပးမည အစအစဥျဖစၿပး ေကာငး မားႏင ပညာသငယရာဌာနမား၏ သငၾကားသငယမႈမားက တးတကျမငမားေစရနအတြက အေထာကအကျပမည စမကနး ျဖစပါသည။

ေဒၚေအာငဆနးစၾကည

ႏငငေတာ၏အတငပငခပဂၢလ

ျပညေထာငစသမၼတ ျမနမာႏငငေတာ

အႏစခပ 5

Page 68: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)6

Page 69: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၁.၀။ နဒါနး

ယေန႔ကမၻာစးပြားေရးေလာကတြငႏငငတစႏငင၏ေအာငျမငမႈသညအေျခခအားျဖငထႏငငရႏငငသားမား၏အသပညာဗဟသတ၊ကၽြမးကငမႈမားႏငတတကၽြမးမႈမားေပၚတြငအဓကမတညလကရပါသည။ပညာေရးက႑တြငဦးစားေပးရငးႏးျမႇပႏေသာႏငငမားသညလမႈေရး၊စးပြားေရးကြယဝဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကျခငးကသ႔ေသာ ႀကးမားသညေရရညအကးျဖစထြနးမႈမားကရရခစားၾကပါသည။

ပညာေရးသည ႏငငသားတစဦးခငးစ၏ ဘဝအဆငအတနး တးတကျမငမားေစရန အခြငအလမးမား ဖနတးေပးၿပးမမတ႔ရပရြာေဒသအသကအဝနးတြငေအာငျမငေသာသမားျဖစလာ႐သာမကအမးသားလမႈစးပြားေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈမားတြငလညး တကကြစြာ ပါဝငေဆာငရြကႏင ေစရနပပးကညေပးပါသည။ ျမနမာလမႈဝနးကငတြင ပညာေရးသည လမႈေရးဆငရာအဆငဆငတးတကေျပာငးလမႈ(social mobility)အတြကအဓက ေဖာေဆာငေပးသကသ႔ႏငငတညေဆာကေရး၊ အမးသား စညးလးညညြတေရးႏငေရရညဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေရးတ႔အတြက အဓကအေျခခအတျမစအျဖစ သတမတလကခထားၿပးျဖစပါသည။ ျပညေထာငစသမၼတ ျမနမာႏငငေတာအစးရသည ဒမကေရစႏငၿငမးခမးေရးတညေဆာကမႈလပငနးစဥက အေထာကအကျပရနႏင ၂၀၃၀ ျပညႏစတြင ျမနမာႏငငအေနျဖင ဝငေငြအလယအလတရေသာ ႏငငျဖစလာေရးဟသည အမးသားရညမနးခကကပါ ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရနအတြကအဓကတြနးအားႏစရပအျဖစ ပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈႏငဆငးရႏြမးပါးမႈေလၽာခေရးတ႔ကသတမတထားပါသည။

မၾကာျမငေသးသညကာလမားအတြငး ပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈႏင ပတသက၍ ေကာငးသားမား၊ မဘမား၊လပငနးရငမားအပါအဝငႏငငသားမား၏ေမာမနးခကမားျမငမားလာျခငးေၾကာငျပညသလထသညျမနမာအမးသားပညာေရးစနစႏင စပလဥး၍ စစစသးသပမႈမားႏင ေဝဖနေဆြးေႏြးမႈမားက တးျမႇငျပလပလာၾကပါသည။ ပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈေဆာငရြကရာတြင မႀက၊ သငယတနး၊မလတနး၊အလယတနးႏငအထကတနး၊ ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရး၊နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး၊ အဆငျမငပညာေရးစသည ပညာေရးက႑အသးသး၌အခြငအလမး၊အရညအေသြးႏငသာတညမၽရမႈတ႔တးတကေစေရးအတြကေဆာငရြကရနျဖစပါသည။

ေနာငလာမညႏစမားအတြငးတြင အမးသားပညာေရးစနစက ျပျပငေျပာငးလႏငရန အေရးပါေသာ အေျပာငးအလမားလအပသညဟ ကယျပန႔ေသာ သေဘာတညမႈတစရပရပါသည။ ထအေျပာငးအလမားက ေကာငးသားမားသည ပညာေရးခရးလမးေၾကာငး၌ အဆငဆငတးျမႇငသငယကာ အရညအေသြးရေသာ သငယမႈ စသတမတခကမားႏငအည ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစၿပးအသကေမြးဝမးေကာငးႏင ဘဝတစသကတာသငယမႈဆငရာပနးတငႏငေမၽာမနးခကမားကလညးျဖညဆညးေပးႏငမညျဖစပါသည။

အဆပါေမာလငခကမားက ျဖညဆညးေဆာငရြကေပးရနပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည (၃) ႏစခြတာ ကာလအတြငးအခနတအတြငးအကျဖတျခငး (အဆင-၁)၊ အေသးစတေလလာဆနးစစျခငး (အဆင-၂)ႏင အေထာကအထားအေျချပကနကစရတလာထားခကပါဝငေသာအမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး ၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁ (NationalEducationStrategicPlan-NESP)ေရးဆြျခငး(အဆင-၃)စသည အဆင(၃)ဆငပါေသာ ဘကစလႊမးၿခႏငေသာပညာေရးက႑ေလလာသးသပေရးလပငနး(ComprehensiveEducation Sector Review-CESR)က ေအာငျမငစြာအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကၿပးျဖစပါသည။

အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးသည အမးသားပညာေရးစနစရ အဆငတငး၌ ေကာငးသားမားအတြကအရညအေသြးျပညဝေသာ ပညာေရးအခြငအလမးရရမႈကအထးျမႇငတငေပးမည အစအမျဖစသည။ ဤအမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးသည လာမည (၅)ႏစတာကာလအတြငးက႑အလကပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားျပလပရန ႏငငေတာအစးရ၊ ပညာေရးတြင ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသမားႏငျပညသတစရပလးအတြကအေသးစတလမးျပေျမပ(roadmap)တစရပလညးျဖစပါသည။

အႏစခပ 7

Page 70: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

ျမနမာႏငငသညရညလားသည ပငလယကမး႐းတနး၊ေျမဆၾသဇာကြယဝသည စကပးေျမမားႏင အဖးတနသဘာဝသယဇာတအရငးအျမစမားကလညးပငဆငထားပါသည။အေရ႕ေတာငအာရေဒသတြငလဦးေရသပသညးမႈအနညးဆးႏငငမားထတြငလညး အပါအဝငျဖစသည။၂၀၁၄ ခႏစသနးေခါငစာရငးအရလဦးေရ (၅၃.၉)သနးရၿပးႏစစဥလဦးေရတးပြားမႈႏႈနးမာဝ.၈၉ရာခငႏႈနးျဖစမညဟခန႔မနးထားပါသည။

၂၀ဝ၈ ခႏစ ဖြ႕စညးပအေျခခဥပေဒက အတညျပျပ႒ာနးခၿပးေနာက ၂၀၁၁ ခႏစတြင ေရြးခယတငေျမႇာကခရသည ျပညသ႔ကယစားလယမားျဖင ဖြ႕စညးထားေသာ

လႊတေတာႏစရပႏငအတ အရပဘကပဂၢလမား ဦးေဆာငသည အစးရေပၚေပါကလာၿပး ဒမကေရစအပခပမႈစနစသ႔ေျပာငးလခသည။ ထ႔ျပင ဗဟခပကငမႈေလၽာခသညအပခပေရးစနစသ႔ စတငကးေျပာငးသညအေနျဖင တငးေဒသႀကးႏင ျပညနယမားတြငလညး ေဒသဆငရာလႊတေတာမားႏင အစးရမားေပၚေပါကလာခသည။ သ႔ေသာလညးအေျခခဝနေဆာငမႈမား ရရႏငေသာ အခြငအလမးမားတးျမႇငေပးရာတြင ေဒသဆငရာအစးရမားက ပမတကၾကြေသာ အခနးက႑မ ပါဝငႏငေစရန ၎တ႔၏ လပပငခြငမားႏငတာဝနမားက ရငးလငးစြာသတမတရန လအပေနသည။

၂.၀။ ျမနမာႏငင၏ေနာကခအေျခအေန

ျမနမာႏငငသညအေရ႕ေတာငအာရတြငကနးေျမဧရယာအားျဖငကယဝနးေသာႏငငတစႏငငျဖစၿပးအာရတက၏စးပြားေရးအခကအခာေနရာမားျဖစသည တ႐တ၊ အႏၵယႏင အာဆယႏငငမားအၾကား ပထဝဝငအေနအထားအရ မဟာဗဟာေျမာကသညေနရာတြငတညရပါသည။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)8

Page 71: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၂၀၁၅ ခႏစတြင 'ဒတယအႀကမ ပါတစဒမကေရစအေထြေထြေရြးေကာကပြ'က ေအာငျမငစြာ ကငးပႏငခၿပးႏငငေတာတာဝနကအစးရအသစသ႔အဆငေျပေခာေမြ႕စြာလႊေျပာငးေပးခပါသည။ယခငအစးရလကထကကတညးကေဆာငရြကေနခၿပးျဖစသညလကနကကငပဋပကၡမားခပၿငမးေရး၊အမးသားရငၾကားေစေရး၊ ၿငမးခမးေရးလပငနးမားကအစးရအသစအေနျဖင ယခအခါ အရနအဟနျမႇငေဆာငရြကလကရပါသည။

ႏငငေတာတာဝနက အရပဘကပဂၢလမား ဦးေဆာငသညအစးရက လႊေျပာငးရယၿပးသည ေနာကပငးတြငႏငငတကာ၏ ကန႔သတပတပငမႈမား ေျပေလာသြားၿပးႏငငျခားရငးႏးျမႇပႏမႈမား တးတကမားျပားလာေနၿပ ျဖစေသာေၾကာင ျမနမာစးပြားေရးသည တးတကေကာငးမြနစျပလာေနၿပျဖစသည။ အာရဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးဘဏ၏ အစရငခစာအရ ျမနမာႏငင၏ ကာလလတစစေပါငး ျပညတြငးထတကနတနဖးတးတကႏႈနးသည ၂၀၁၂ ခႏစတြင ၅.၅ရာခငႏႈနးရရာမ ၂၀၁၄ ခႏစတြင ၆.၈ ရာခငႏႈနးသ႔တးတကလာခပါသည။ျမနမာႏငင၏ကာလလတစးပြားေရးတးႏႈနးမာ ပမးမၽအားျဖင ႏစစဥ ၈.၂ ရာခငႏႈနးျဖစမညဟခန႔မနးၾကပါသည။

သ႔ရာတြင ျမနမာႏငင၏စးပြားေရးသည လယယာစကပးေရးႏင သဘာဝသယဇာတ အရငးအျမစမားကထတယေရာငးခမႈတ႔အေပၚတြငသာ အလြနအမငးမခေနရပါသည။ေရရညတညတသညစးပြားေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈရရရနအတြက သဘာဝသယဇာတ အရငးအျမစမားအေပၚမခေနမႈကေလၽာခၿပးဝနေဆာငမႈႏငထတလပမႈက႑တ႔တြင

တးခ႕လပေဆာငရနလအပေနပါသည။တစခနတညးမာပငစကပးေရးက႑တြင ေခတမနညးပညာမားက စနစတကအသးျပၿပး အရညအေသြးရ စကပးေရးထတကနမား ထတလပႏငရမညျဖစသည။ ျမနမာႏငငအေနျဖငဥးစားေပးဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေရး က႑မားတးခ႕လပေဆာငႏငရနအတြက အဓကစနေခၚမႈႏစရပက ရငဆငေနရပါသည။ပထမစနေခၚမႈမာအလပအကငအခြငအလမးမားမားျပားလာသညတငလပငနးလအပခကႏငကကညသညကြၽမးကငလပသားမလေလာကမႈျဖစသည။ဒတယစနေခၚမႈမာထစးပြားေရးလပငနးမားကထေရာကစြာလပကငေဆာငရြကႏငေရးအတြက လအပေသာအပခပမႈႏင စမခန႔ခြမႈစြမးေဆာငရညက ျမႇငတငေပးေရးျဖစသည။ ေနာငလာမညႏစမားအတြငးအဆပါစနေခၚမႈႏစရပလးကႏငငေတာအစးရက ေျဖရငးေဆာငရြကေပးႏငေရးအတြက ပညာေရးက႑သညအေရးပါေသာအခနးက႑မပါဝငပါသည။

ႏငငေတာအေနျဖင ေရရညတညတသည ဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈျဖစထြနးေစရနႏင သာတညမၽမႈရသည စးပြားေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈျဖစေစရနတ႔အတြက ေျဖရငးေဆာငရြကရမည တျခားစနေခၚမႈမားလညးရေနပါေသးသည။ျမနမာလ႔အဖြ႕အစညးအတြငး ႀကးထြားလာေနသည ဆငးရခမးသာကြာဟမႈမား၊ၿမ႕ျပႏငေကးလကအၾကား အခြငအလမးကြာဟမႈမား၊ေနရပ စြန႔ခြာေျပာငးေရႊ႕ေနထငၾကသမား၊ လကနကးမႈႏငမးယစေဆးဝါးျပနာစသည လမႈေရးျပနာမားကေျဖရငးရနလအပေနပါသည။ ႏငငေတာအစးရအေနျဖငအဆပါစနေခၚမႈမားကေျဖရငးႏငရနအတြကအရညအေသြးရ၍ သာတညမမႈရေသာ ပညာေရးသည အေရးႀကးေသာအခနးက႑မပါဝငပါသည။

အႏစခပ 9

Page 72: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၃.၁။ ေရးဦးအရြယကေလးသငယျပစပးေထာငေရးႏငဖြ႕ၿဖးေရး

ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနႏငလမႈဝနထမး၊ကယဆယေရးႏင ျပနလညေနရာခထားေရးဝနႀကးဌာနတ႔သည ေရးဦးအရြယကေလးသငယျပစပးေထာငေရးႏင ဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးလပငနးမားက ဦးစးေဆာငရြကလကရပါသည။ ထ႔ျပငကေလးသငယျပစပးေထာငေရး ဝနေဆာငမႈမားေပးရာ၌အစးရမဟတေသာ အဖြ႕အစညးမားႏင ပဂၢလက က႑မားကလညး ရပရြာျပညသလထက တကကြစြာ ပပးေပးလကရပါသည။

၃.၂။ အေျခခပညာေရးလကရအေျခခပညာေရးစနစတြင မလတနးပညာေရး

(၅) ႏစ (သငယတနးမ စတတတနး)၊ အလယတနးပညာေရး(၄)ႏစႏငအထကတနးပညာေရး(၂)ႏစပါဝငပါသည။ ၂၀၁၅-၂၀၁၆ ပညာသငႏစတြင ျမနမာႏငင၌အေျခခပညာေကာငး ေပါငး(၄၇,၃၆၃)ရၿပး ေကာငးသားဦးေရမာ(၉.၂၆)သနးခန႔ရသည။ဇယား(၃.၁)တြငေဖာျပထားပါသည။ဤေကာငးအမားစက ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနေအာကရ အေျခခပညာဦးစးဌာနက စမအပခပပါသည။ထ႔ျပငဘနးေတာႀကးသငပညာေရးေကာငးမား၊ပဂၢလက၊ရပရြာေဒသႏင ပညာေရးဝနေဆာငမႈေပးေသာ တျခားေကာငးမားမတစဆင အေျခခပညာက သငယခြငရရေနၾကေသာ ေကာငးသားမားလညး ရာခငႏႈနး အတငးအတာတစခထရေနပါသည။၂၀၁၅-၂၀၁၆ပညာသငႏစတြငရေသာအေျခခပညာေကာငး၊ဆရာႏငေကာငးသားဦးေရစာရငးကဇယား(၃.၁)တြငေဖာျပထားပါသည။

၃.၃။ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရး

ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည ေကာငးျပငပေရာကကေလးမားအတြက ေကာငးျပငပမလတနးပညာေရးတနးညႇအစအစဥႏငအရြယေရာကသမားအတြကေႏြရာသအေျခခစာတတေျမာကေရးအစအစဥတ႔က ေကာငးျပငပပညာေရး သငယမႈအခြငအလမးအျဖစ စစဥဖနတးေပးထားသည။ ေကာငးျပငပမလတနး ပညာေရး တနးညႇအစအစဥကသငယသ(၁၁,၂၃၄)ဦးအတြကၿမ႕နယေပါငး(၈၉)ၿမ႕နယတြင အေကာငအထညေဖာလကရသည။ေႏြရာသ အေျခခစာတတေျမာကေရးအစအစဥက၂၀၁၃ခႏစတြငျပနလညစတငခၿပးသငယသ(၂၂,၄၄၄)ဦးက သငၾကားေပးႏငခပါသည။ ၂၀၁၄ ခႏစတြငသငယသ(၄၆,၄၇၈)ဦးကသငၾကားေပးႏငခပါသည။

၃.၄။ နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး

ျမနမာႏငင၌ နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးသငတနးမားက ဆကစပဝနႀကးဌာနမားႏငပဂၢလကက႑တ႔က နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးေကာငးေပါငး (၃၇၂)ေကာငးတြင ဖြငလစသငၾကားေပးလကရသည။

၃.၅။ အဆငျမငပညာေရးျမနမာႏငငတြင၀နႀကးဌာန(၈)ခေအာက၌အဆငျမင

ပညာေကာငး(ေကာလပ၊ဒဂရေကာလပႏငတကသလ)စစေပါငး (၁၇၁)ေကာငးရပါသည။ ၂၀၁၅ ပညာသငႏစတြင ေကာငးသားေပါငး (၂၂၅,၁၇၈) ဦးသည ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနေအာကရ အဆငျမငပညာေကာငးမားတြငအခနျပညတကေရာကခၿပးေကာငးသား(၄၁၁,၁၆၄)ဦးသည အေဝးသငတကသလမားတြင အဆငျမငပညာကသငယႏငခၾကပါသည။

၃.၀။ျမနမာပညာေရးစနစ၏ေယဘယေနာကခအေျခအေန

ျမနမာႏငငပညာေရးက႑တစခလး၏အေျခအေနကေအာကတြငအကဥးခပၿခငသးသပေဖာျပထားပါသည။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)10

Page 73: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

ေကာငးအမးအစား အေျခခပညာ ေကာငးအေရအတြက

(၂၀၁၅-၂၀၁၆)

အေျခခပညာ ဆရာအေရအတြက

(၂၀၁၅-၂၀၁၆)

အေျခခပညာ ေကာငးသားအေရအတြက

(၂၀၁၅-၂၀၁၆)

အထကတနးေကာငး ၃,၅၁၃ ၃၄,၃၉၃ ၈၇၃,၈၃၂

အလယတနးေကာငး ၆,၂၂၄ ၁၂၉,၉၄၅ ၂,၇၉၅,၆၀၇

မလတနးေကာငး ၃၅,၆၅၀ ၁၅၈,၁၇၆ ၅,၁၈၄,၀၄၁

ဘနးေတာႀကးသငပညာေရးေကာငး ၁,၅၃၈ ၁၁,၀၄၄ ၂၉၇,၀၃၉

ပဂၢလကေကာငး ၄၃၈ ၇,၃၉၇ ၁၀၇,၄၅၁

စစေပါငး ၄၇,၃၆၃ ၃၄၀,၉၅၅ ၉,၂၅၇,၉၇၀

ဇယား(၃.၁) အေျခခပညာေကာငး၊ ဆရာႏင ေကာငးသားဦးေရ

ရငးျမစ။ ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာန (၂၀၁၅-၂၀၁၆)

အႏစခပ 11

Page 74: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၄.၁။ ျပညေထာငစသမၼတျမနမာႏငငေတာဖြ႕စညးပအေျခခဥပေဒ(၂၀ဝ၈)

ဖြ႕စညးပအေျခခဥပေဒ(၂၀ဝ၈)သည ျမနမာႏငင၏ပညာေရးက႑အတြက ဥပေဒမေဘာငဆငရာ အေျခခတစရပက ခမတေပးခပါသည။ ဖြ႕စညးပအေျခခ ဥပေဒပဒမ(၂၈)အရ‘‘ႏငငေတာသည-

(က)ျပညသမား၏ ပညာေရးႏင ကနးမာေရးတးတကေစေရးတ႔အတြကအေလးထားေဆာငရြကရမည၊

(ခ) ျပညသမား၏ ပညာေရးႏင ကနးမာေရးတ႔တြငတငးရငးသား ျပညသမားကပါဝငေဆာငရြကႏငရနလအပမညဥပေဒျပ႒ာနးေဆာငရြကရမည၊

(ဂ) အခမမသငမေနရ မလတနးပညာေရးစနစ ေဖာေဆာငရမည၊

(ဃ)ဘကစအေတြးအေခၚ အယအဆမနကန၍ အကငစာရတေကာငးမြနၿပး ႏငငေတာတညေဆာကေရးအတြက အကးျပမည ေခတမပညာေရးစနစေဖာေဆာငရမည။’’ဟျပ႒ာနးထားပါသည။

ဖြ႕စညးပအေျခခဥပေဒ ပဒမ(၃၆၆)အရ ‘‘ ႏငငသားတငးသညႏငငေတာကခမတထားေသာပညာေရးဆငရာမဝါဒမားႏငအည-

(က)ပညာသငၾကားပငခြငရသည၊

(ခ) ဥပေဒျဖငျပ႒ာနးသညမသငမေနရအေျခခပညာမားကသငၾကားရမည၊

(ဂ) သပၸပညာစးစမးရာေဖြမႈ၊ စာေပႏင အႏပညာေခတမတးတကေစရန တထြငႀကဆေဖာထတေရးသားမႈႏငယဥေကးမႈကစၥမားတြင လြတလပစြာ သေတသနျပေဖာထတေဆာငရြကခြငရသည။’’ဟ ျပ႒ာနးထားပါသည။

၄.၂။ အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒ(၂၀၁၄)ႏင အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒကျပငဆငသညဥပေဒ(၂၀၁၅)

၂၀၁၄ ခႏစ၊ စကတငဘာလတြင အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒက အတညျပႏငျခငးသည ျမနမာႏငင၏ ပညာေရးက႑ျပျပငေျပာငးလေရးအတြကအေရးပါေသာေျပာငးလမႈျဖစပါသည။ ထဥပေဒသည အမးသားပညာေရးစနစ၏အရညအေသြးရမႈ၊ထေရာကေအာငျမငမႈႏငစြမးေဆာငႏငမႈတ႔က ပမခငမာေစမညျဖစပါသည။ အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒပမခငမာေစရနအတြက ၂၀၁၅ ခႏစတြင အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒကျပငဆငသညဥပေဒကလညးျပ႒ာနးေပးခပါသည။အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒႏငအမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒက ျပငဆငသညဥပေဒတ႔ကအမးသားပညာေရးစနစတစခလးတြင အျပနအလနခတဆက ျဖညဆညးမႈရေသာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈလပငနးအမးမးကအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကႏငရနအတြကအထးေကာငးမြနသညအမးသားအဆင အညႊနးေဘာငတစခက ခမတေပးထားပါသည။ထအညႊနးေဘာငတြင ႏငငသားတငး၏ အေျခခပညာဆညးပးႏငသည အခြငအေရးႏင အခမမသငမေနရ မလတနးပညာေရးတ႔က အသအမတျပထားျခငး၊ ပညာေရးအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈစနစတစရပတညေထာငရန ျပ႒ာနးသတမတေပးထားျခငး၊ အေျခခပညာသငကာလက (၁၃)ႏစ(သငယတနးပညာေရးၿပးသညေနာက ပညာသငႏစစစေပါငးကာလ ၁၂ ႏစ) အထတးျမႇငထားျခငး၊ တငးရငးသားဘာသာစကားႏင ယဥေကးမႈက သငယရာတြငအေထာကအပေပးျခငး၊ ပညာေရးစနစက ဗဟခပကငမႈေလာခသညစနစသ႔ ဦးတညေဖာေဆာငရန သတမတထားျခငးစသညတ႔ ပါဝငပါသည။ အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒ၏ အကးရလဒ တစခအေနျဖင ယခအခါ ျမနမာႏငင၏အေျခခပညာသငကာလသည အာဆယအဖြ႕ဝငႏငငမား၏အေျခခပညာသငကာလႏင အျပညအဝကကညမႈရေနျခငးျဖစပါသည။

၄.၀။ မၾကာျမငေသးသညႏစမားအတြငးပညာေရးမဝါဒျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈအေပၚၿခငသးသပခက

ဤအခနးသည ေကာငးသားမားႏင ႏငငသားမားအားလးအတြက အရညအေသြးရေသာ ပညာေရးက သငယခြငတးတကေကာငးမြနေစရန အမးသားအဆငလပငနးအစအစဥမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကရာတြင လမးညႊနေပးသညပညာေရးက႑ဆငရာဥပေဒမားႏငမဝါဒမားကၿခငသးသပေဖာျပထားျခငးျဖစပါသည။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)12

Page 75: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

အႏစခပ 13

Page 76: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၄.၃။ အစးရ၏ ပညာေရးက႑ ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈဥးစားေပးလပငနးမားအစးရ၏ပညာေရးက႑ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈဥးစားေပး

လပငနးမားမာေအာကပါအတငးျဖစပါသည-

၁။ ေရးဥးအရြယ ကေလးသငယျပစပးေထာငေရးႏငဖြ ႔ၿဖးေရးလပငနးမားေဆာငရြကျခငး။

၂။ ႏငငသားတငး အနညးဆး မလတနးပညာ သငယၿပးေျမာကၿပး အလယတနးပညာႏင အထကတနးပညာက အဆငဆငတးျမႇင သငယခြငမားရရရနေဆာငရြကမညျဖစရာ မလတနးအရြယကေလးတငးမလတနးပညာေရးက ၿပးေျမာကေအာငျမငျခငးႏငမလတနးပညာသငယရနအခကအခရေနသညကာယ၊ဉာဏစြမးရညအားနညးေသာ ကေလးမား၊ ဆငးရႏြမးပါးသညကေလးမား၊ ေ၀းလေခါငဖားေဒသရကေလးမား စသညကေလးမားအတြက အေလးထားေဆာငရြကသညပညာေရးအစအစဥမားပမေကာငးမြနေအာငေဆာငရြကျခငး။

၃။ ကြျပားျခားနားသညဘာသာစကားေျပာေသာ မလတနးတငးရငးသားကေလးမားအတြက တငးေဒသႀကးႏငျပညနယ အစးရအဖြ႕မား၏ ႀကးၾကပမႈျဖငတငးရငးသားဘာသာစကားသင႐းညႊနးတမးျပစေရးဆြျခငးႏင သငၾကားေပးျခငး အပါအ၀င တငးရငးသားဘာသာစကားႏင ယဥေကးမႈက ပပးေပးရနႏငျမႇငတငေပးရနေဆာငရြကျခငး။

၄။ သငေလာေသာ ဆရာေကာငးသားအခး ရရရနေဆာငရြကေပးျခငး။

၅။ ေကာငးအသးသးမဆရာမား၏ဘာသာရပကၽြမးကငမႈႏင သငၾကားပ႔ခမႈစြမးရညမား ျမငမားလာေစရနေဆာငရြကေပးျခငး။

၆။ အေျခခပညာေရးက လတငးပမ လကလမးမႏငရနအတြက ဖြ႔ျဖးမႈအားနညးေသာ ေဒသမား႐ေကာငးမား(အထးသျဖင ေကာငးအသးအေဆာငပစၥညးမားလေလာကမႈမ႐ေသာ အေျခခပညာအလယတနးႏငအထကတနးေကာငးမား)၏ လအပခကမားကဥးစားေပးျဖညဆညးေဆာငရြကေပးျခငး။

၇။ ပညာအရညအခငးနညးပါးသမား၏ ေနထငမႈဘဝအရညအေသြး တးတကေကာငးမြနေစရန အေျခခပညာအလယတနး၊ အထကတနး တနးညႇအစအစဥမားႏင သကေမြးမႈသငတနး အစအစဥမားျဖငဆကလကပညာ ဆညးပးႏငေသာ အခြငအလမးမားေဖာေဆာငေပးျခငး။

၈။ တကသလမားတြင ကယပငသင႐းၫႊနးတမးေရးဆြသငၾကားခြင၊ အပခပခြငႏင သေတသနလပငနးမားက လြတလပစြာေဆာငရြကႏငေသာ ကမၻာ႔အဆငမအဆငျမငပညာေရးစနစျဖစထြနးလာေစရနဥးတညေဖာေဆာငေပးျခငး။

၉။ နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးပညာရပမားက တကသလမား၏ ပညာရပမားႏငတနးတဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေစရနေဆာငရြကေပးျခငး။

၁၀။ ေကာငးသားမဘမားႏင ရပရြာအသကအဝနးကဝနထပဝနပးမျဖစေစေသာထေရာကသည ပညာေရးဝနေဆာငမႈျဖစေစရနေဆာငရြကေပးျခငး။

၁၁။ ႏငငေတာအစးရ၊ ပဂၢလကက႑ႏင ျပညတြငးျပညပမရရသညပညာေရးဆငရာဘ႑ာေငြမားကအကးရထေရာကစြာ ခြေဝသးစြႏငရနႏင ပြငလငးျမငသာမႈ႐ေစရနေဆာငရြကေပးျခငး။

၁၂။ တကမနကနသည သတငးအခကအလကမားကအေျခခ၍ထေရာကေသာပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈ၊စမခန႔ခြမႈႏင ေလလာႀကးၾကပမႈလပငနး အစအစဥမားကအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကျခငး။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)14

Page 77: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၅.၁။ အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးေရးဆြႏငေစရနႏငငတကာအဆငမအေထာကအထားအေျချပဘကစလႊမးၿခႏငေသာပညာေရးက႑ေလလာသးသပေရးလပငနး(CESR)ေဆာငရြကျခငး

ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည(၃)ႏစခြတာကာလအတြငးပညာေရးဆငရာလပငနးအဖြ႕၏ ေလလာဆနးစစမႈအပါအဝင ပညာေရးက႑တစခလး လႊမးၿခမႈရေသာေလလာသးသပမႈလပငနးက ေအာငျမငစြာ ေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးေဆာငရြကႏငခပါသည။ ဤေအာငျမငမႈသည ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနအတြကေကာငးအားလးႏငပညာသငယရာဌာနမား၌ သငၾကားသငယမႈ လပငနးတးတကမႈရေစရန ဦးစားေပးေဆာငရြကရမည ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈလပငနးမား၊မဟာဗဟာမားႏင လပငနးအစအစဥမားက ႏငငတကာစမားႏငကကညေသာ အေထာကအထားမားအေပၚအေျချပလကေဖာထတခမတႏငခပါသည။အဆပါခဥးကပနညးသညလာမည(၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)အတြငး ႏငငေတာအစးရႏင ဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈမတဖကမား၏ ပညာေရးက႑ရငးႏးျမႇပႏမႈမားေၾကာင သငၾကားသငယမႈအေပၚ အကးသကေရာကမႈအျမငမားဆးျဖစေစပါမည။

၅.၂။ပညာေရးဝနေဆာငမႈအပငးတြငတငးတာသရႏငေသာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားျဖစထြနးေစရနကတကဝတျပၿပးပညာေရးက႑အတြငးရငးႏးျမႇပႏျခငး

ႏငငေတာအစးရသည မၾကာျမငေသးသညႏစမားအတြငး ပညာေရးက႑အတြကဘ႑ာေငြပပးမႈကတးျမႇငေပးခပါသည။ ပညာေရးက႑၌ ဤကသ႔ ရငးႏးျမႇပႏမႈတးျမႇငျခငးသည ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနအား မဝါဒအသစမားစတငခမတႏငေစၿပး အမးသားအဆင အစအစဥအသစတခ႕ကလညးစတငလပေဆာငႏငေစခပါသည။ဤအစအစဥမားတြင ဆရာအသစမားတးျမႇင ခန႔အပျခငး၊ အခမအေျခခပညာေရး အေကာငအထညေဖာျခငးႏင အေျခခပညာေကာငးမား၌ ေကာငးေထာကပေၾကးႏင ပညာသငေထာကပေၾကးမားပပးေပးျခငးတ႔ပါဝငပါသည။

၅.၃။ပညာေရးအရညအေသြးျမႇငတငႏငရနဆရာဦးေရသသာထငရားစြာတးျမႇငခန႔ထားျခငး

ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသညေကာငးတငး၌ဆရာဦးေရအလအေလာကရရေစရန လြနခေသာ(၃)ႏစေကာအတြငးဆရာ (၇၂,ဝ၀ဝ)ခန႔က ခန႔အပခပါသည။ ထ႔ျပင အဆပါဆရာမား၏လပငနးခြငစြမးရညမားဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကလာေစရနအတြကသငတနးေပးေရးအစအစဥမားကလညးေရးဆြအေကာငအထညေဖာလကရပါသည။ အေျခခပညာေရးက႑၌ ဤကသ႔ ထးျခားေသာ ရငးႏးျမႇပႏမႈေၾကာငဆရာမားတးျမႇငခန႔အပေသာေကာငးမားမ ေကာငးသားမား၏ သငယတတေျမာကမႈႏင ပညာအရညအေသြးတးတကလာမညဟေမာမနးထားပါသည။

၅.ဝ။အမးသားပညာေရးစနစ၏မၾကာျမငေသးသညႏစမားအတြငးေအာငျမငျဖစထြနးမႈမား

ႏငငေတာအစးရသညပညာေရးက႑တစခလးတြငအရညအေသြးရေသာပညာေရးကသငယခြငတးခ႕ေပးရနအတြကသသာထငရားေသာ အားထတမႈမားႏင အမးသားအဆငအစအစဥအသစမားက ခမတေဆာငရြကေပးခသည။ အဆပါေအာငျမငမႈမားအနကမတခ႕ကေအာကတြငအကဥးခပေဖာျပထားပါသည-

အႏစခပ 15

Page 78: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၅.၅။ ေကာငးအေဆာကအအအတြကပမရငးႏးျမႇပႏျခငးျဖငအေျခခပညာသငယမႈအခြငအလမးကတးခ႕ေပးျခငး

လြနခေသာ(၄)ႏစေကာကာလအတြငးသသာထငရားေသာေအာငျမငမႈတစရပမာတစႏငငလးအတငးအတာျဖင ေကာငးအေဆာကအအမားအတြက ပမရငးႏးျမႇပႏခပါသည။ ၂၀၁၀-၂၀၁၁ပညာသငႏစမ ၂၀၁၄-၂၀၁၅ပညာသငႏစအတြငး ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနက ေကာငးေဆာငသစ (၇,၆၁၆) ေကာငးႏင စာသငခနးအသစ(၁၁,၇၇၆)ခနးက တညေဆာကေပးခပါသည။ ထ႔ျပငရၿပးေကာငးေဆာငေပါငး(၈,၉၄၅)ေဆာငႏငစာသငခနးေပါငး (၁၃,၅၅၅)ခနးကလညး ျပျပငမြမးမမႈမား ျပလပခပါသည။ ၂၀၁၆-၂၀၁၇ ပညာသငႏစအတြငး ေကာငးေဆာငေပါငး (၃,၃၁၂)ေဆာငကလညး အဆငျမႇငတငေပးရနအတြက ခြငျပထားၿပးျဖစပါသည။ အဆပါ ရငးႏးျမႇပႏမႈမားေၾကာင အေျခခပညာသငယမႈအခြငအလမးမားသသာထငရားစြာတးတကျမငမားလာၿပးသငၾကားသငယမႈအရညအေသြးတးတကလာခပါသည။

၅.၄။ဝနေဆာငမႈပမအကးရထေရာကေကာငးမြနေစရနအပခပမႈႏငစမခန႔ခြမႈလပငနးမားကအားေကာငးလာေစျခငး

၂၀၁၆ ခႏစတြင အစးရသည လပငနးေဆာငရြကမႈစြမးရည တးတကေစရနႏင ဝနႀကးဌာနအေရအတြကေလာခရနအစးရက႑တြငႀကးမားေသာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈတစရပကစတငေဆာငရြကခပါသည။ဤျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈ၏ တစစတတစေဒသအေနျဖင ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနႏငသပၸႏငနညးပညာဝနႀကးဌာနတ႔က ဝနႀကးဌာနတစခတညးအျဖစေပါငးစညးၿပး ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာန၏ ဖြ႕စညးပကလညးထပမျပငဆငခပါသည။ထ႔ျပငေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာ ပညာေရးအတြက ဥးစးဌာနအသစတစခကလညး ဖြ႕စညးတညေထာငခပါသည။ အဆပါျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားက မဟာဗဟာေျမာကစမကနးအသစကအေကာငအထညေဖာရာတြင ပပးေပးမည ဦးေဆာငမႈႏငစမခန႔ခြမႈတ႔အတြက ခငမာေသာ အေျခခအတျမစကခမတေပးထားပါသည။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)16

Page 79: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၆.ဝ။လကရပညာေရးစနစ၏အဓကစနေခၚမႈမား

ျမနမာႏငင၏ပညာေရးစနစသညလတတေလာအားျဖငဘကေပါငးစမစနေခၚမႈမားႏငရငဆငေနရလကရၿပးအမားစမာ ပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလေရးဆငရာအဓကအယအဆမားျဖစသညအခြငအလမး၊အရညအေသြးႏငသာတညမရမႈတ႔ဆကစပလကရပါသည။

နယပယ(၁)မႀကႏငသငယတနးပညာေရးမႀကႏငသငယတနးပညာေရးနယပယတြင ရငဆငေန

ရေသာ အဓကစနေခၚမႈ (၄)ရပမာ ေအာကပါအတငးျဖစပါသည-

- ေကးလကႏငေဝးလေခါငဖားေဒသရ ကေလးမားအတြကအရညအေသြးျပညဝေသာမႀကႏငသငယတနးပညာေရး ဝနေဆာငမႈအခြငအလမးရရမႈနညးပါးေနသျဖင အေျခခပညာေကာငးတကရန အဆငသငျဖစေရး၊သငယတတေျမာကေရး၊ ရပရြာစညပငဝေျပာေရးႏင အမးသားစးပြားေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈတ႔တြငအဟန႔အတားျဖစလကရပါသည။

- မမတ႔သားသမးမား၏ ပညာေရးဖြ႕ၿဖး တးတကမႈအတြက တကကြစြာ ပမပါဝငေဆာငရြကရန မဘမားအား တကတြနးအားေပးျခငးအပါအ၀င မႀကဝနေဆာငမႈမား၏အရညအေသြးက တးတကေကာငးမြနေအာင ေဆာငရြကရန လအပပါသည။ မႀကဆရာအတတသငတနးမား၏ အရညအေသြးက ျမႇငတငေပးရနလအပလကရပါသည။ထ႔ျပငပမထေရာကေသာ စမခန႔ခြမႈႏင စမကနးခမတမႈမားအတြကအမးသားအဆငမႀကဆငရာ အခကအလကမားကစစညးထားသညေနရာ (Database)တစခ ထေထာငရနလညးလအပေနပါသည။

- မႀကဝနေဆာငမႈအခြငအလမးရရျခငး တးျမႇငႏငရနထေရာကေသာ ေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးေဆာငရြကေရးႏငစမခန႔ခြေရးအဖြ႕မားအဆငတငး(အမးသားအဆင၊တငးေဒသႀကး/ျပညနယ၊ ခ႐င၊ ၿမ႕နယႏင ရပရြာေဒသအဆငမား)တြငလအပေနပါသည။

- ကေလးအားလးအရညအေသြးရေသာ သငယတနးပညာသငယခြငရရေစရနကေလး၏ဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈႏငကကညေသာ၊ ယဥေကးမႈႏင လကေလာညေထြမႈရေသာ၊ပညာေရး သေဘာအရ ဆေလာအပစပမႈရေသာ

သငယတနးသင႐းကေရးဆြျခငးႏင လကေတြ႕အေကာငအထညေဖာျခငးတ႔က အထးဦးစားေပးေဆာငရြကရနလအပပါသည။

နယပယ(၂) အေျခခပညာေရး-အခြငအလမး၊အရညအေသြးႏငလတငးအကးဝငမႈ

အေျခခပညာေရး- အခြငအလမး၊ အရညအေသြးႏငလတငးအကးဝငမႈနယပယတြငရငဆငေနရေသာအဓကစနေခၚမႈ(၄)ရပမာေအာကပါအတငးျဖစပါသည-

- ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနအေနျဖင အေျခခပညာေရးအတြကမဘႏင ရပရြာလထက ကခေနရသည ကနကစရတမား သကသာေစရန ယခအခါ အခမအေျခခပညာေရးက အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကလကရပါသည။သ႔ရာတြငကေလးမားအတြက ပညာသငယမႈ အခြငအလမး၊ ေကာငးေနၿမေရးႏင အေျခခပညာၿပးေျမာကေရးတ႔တြင သသသာသာတးတကေကာငးမြနရန လအပပါသည။ ထ႔ျပင မလတနးမအလယတနးသ႔ အကးအေျပာငးႏင အလယတနးမအထကတနးသ႔ အကးအေျပာငး ကာလတ႔တြငေကာငးထြကႏႈနးျမငမားေနဆပငျဖစပါသည။

- သငၾကားေရး၊ ေကာငးစမခန႔ခြေရး၊ ေကာငးအေဆာကအအႏင ေကာငးသးပစၥညးမားဆငရာစသတမတခကမားႏငအည တငးတာေျဖရငးေရးကအေလးထား ေဆာငရြကရနအတြက ေကာငးအရညအေသြးတးတကေရးအညႊနးေဘာင တစရပလအပလကရပါသည။ထ႔ျပငေကာငး၏စြမးေဆာငမႈတးျမႇငေရးႏငေကာငးအပမား၊ဆရာမား၊ပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြသမား၏ တာဝနယမႈ၊ တာဝနခမႈက ျမႇငတငေရးတ႔အတြက အရညအေသြးအာမခမႈစနစတစခ ေရးဆြအေကာငအထညေဖာရနလညးလအပလကရပါသည။

အႏစခပ 17

Page 80: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

- အေျခခပညာေကာငးမားအားလးရမဘဆရာအသငးမားက ပမပါ၀ငေဆာငရြကခြငမားေပးရနႏင ပမအားေကာငးေစေရး ေဆာငရြကေပးရန လအပလကရပါသည။ သ႔မသာ ဤအသငးမားသညေကာငးသားမား၏ သငယမႈတးတကလာေစရနအေထာကအကျပၿပး ေကာငးအရညအေသြးစသတမတခကမား ျပညမေရးအတြက ေလလာႀကးၾကပမညလပငနးတြင တကကြစြာ ပးေပါငးပါဝငေဆာငရြကလာႏငမညျဖစပါသည။

- ဆငးရႏြမးပါးမႈသည အေျခခပညာသငယမႈ အခြငအလမးရရေရးအတြက အဓက အဟန႔အတားျဖစေသာေၾကာင ေဝးလေခါငဖားေကးလကေဒသေနကေလးမားသည မလတနးႏင အလယတနးေကာငးမားသ႔ တကေရာကႏငေရးအတြက ပမႀကးပမးရနလအပပါသည။ ထ႔ျပင မသနစြမးကေလးမားေကာငးတကေရာကႏငရနႏင ေရႊ႕ေျပာငးမသားစမားမ ကေလးမားအတြက ပညာေရးဝနေဆာငမႈလပငနးမား ေဆာငရြကေပးရန အရငးအျမစထပေဆာငးပပးမႈမားလအပလကရပါသည။

နယပယ(၃)အေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးအေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးနယပယတြင ရငဆင

ေနရေသာ အဓကစနေခၚမႈ (၃)ရပမာ ေအာကပါအတငးျဖစပါသည-

- ၂၁ ရာစကြၽမးကငမႈမားက အေလးေပးၿပး အေျခခပညာေရးဖြ႕စညးပအသစ (သငယတနးပညာေရးၿပးသညေနာကပညာသငႏစ စစေပါငးကာလ၁၂ႏစ)ႏငအည အေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးက ျပနလညျပငဆငေရးဆြရနလအပပါသည။

- အေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစက ေအာငျမငစြာအေကာငအထညေဖာႏငရနသင႐းညႊနးတမးေရးဆြေရးအဖြ႕ဝငမား၊ ေကာငးအပႀကးမားႏင ဆရာမား၏ အတတပညာဆငရာ စြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငရနလအပပါသည။

- သင႐းညႊနးတမးဆငရာစမခန႔ခြမႈ၊ေလလာႀကးၾကပအကျဖတမႈႏင အသပညာေပးျခငးတ႔က အားျဖညေဆာငရြကရနလအပပါသည။

နယပယ(၄)ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏငစာေမးပြမားကငးပျခငး

ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင စာေမးပြမားကငးပျခငးနယပယတြင ရငဆငေနရေသာ အဓကစနေခၚမႈ(၃)ရပမာေအာကပါအတငးျဖစပါသည-

- အေျခခပညာေကာငးမားအတြက ဘကစလႊမးၿခေသာပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးဆငရာမဝါဒတစရပခမတၿပးအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကရပါမည။သငၾကားသငယမႈ၊စစေဆးမႈတ႔တြငအလြတကကမတေျဖဆမႈအေပၚအေလးေပးေနေသာလကရအေျခအေနသည သငယစဥစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငး (FormativeAssessment)ႏငသငယအၿပးစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငး(Summative Assessment) ႏစမးက မတစြာေပါငးစပကငသးေသာစနစတစရပခမတရနအေရးတႀကးလအပေနေၾကာငးကထငရားစြာျပသေနပါသည။ထစနစတြင ေကာငးသားမား၏သငယတတေျမာကမႈက အမးသားအဆငသငယမႈ စသတမတခကမားႏငအညစစေဆးအကျဖတမညျဖစပါသည။ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည ေကာငးသားမား၏ ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင စာေမးပြမားကငးပျခငးဆငရာ ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာႏငရနအတြက သကဆငရာဌာနမားအၾကားေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးမႈ၊ စမခန႔ခြမႈ၊ ႀကးၾကပလမးညႊနမႈတ႔က တးတကေကာငးမြနေအာင ေဆာငရြကရနမလြမေသြလအပပါသည။

- ေကာငးသားမား၏ သငယတတေျမာကမႈ ျမငမားလာေစရနႏင ေလလာေတြ႕ရခကမားအရ သငၾကားသငယမႈလပငနးမားက ျပနလညသးသပျပငဆငႏငရနတ႔အတြကေကာငးမြနစြာစစဥေရးဆြထားသညစြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငေရးအစအစဥမား အေကာငအထညေဖာရနလအပေနပါသည။အဆပါအစအစဥမားတြင ပညာရည စစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးဆငရာလပငနးမားျဖစေသာစစေဆးမႈဆငရာမဟာဗဟာမား၊ေမးခြနးလႊာျပစတညေဆာကျခငး အတတပညာ၊ရမတမားကစစစျခငးႏငေတြ႕ရခကမားကဆနးစစေကာကခကချခငးတ႔ကအေလးေပးရနလအပပါသည။ထ႔ျပင ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနေအာကရ ဦးစးဌာနမား၏ ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးဆငရာလပငနးမားႏင တာဝနဝတရားမားကလညး ေခတႏငအညျပငဆငခမတေပးရနလအပပါသည။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)18

Page 81: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

အႏစခပ 19

Page 82: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

- ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင စာေမးပြမားကငးပျခငးဆငရာ ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမား ထေရာကေအာငျမငစြာ အေကာငအထညေဖာရန ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနေအာကရပညာရညစစေဆးျခငးႏငသကဆငသည ဌာနမားအတြငး ေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးမႈ၊ စမခန႔ခြမႈ၊ ႀကးၾကပလမးညႊနမႈတ႔အတြက လကေတြ႕ကကခတဆကေဆာငရြကႏငမညနညးလမးမားကထေထာငရနလအပပါသည။ ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင စာေမးပြမားကငးပျခငးတ႔ႏငသကဆငသညစနစမားက ေကာငးသားမဘမားႏငျပညသမားက နားလညသေဘာေပါကၿပး ပပးေဆာငရြကလာေစေရးအတြကအသေပးရနအေရးႀကးပါသည။

နယပယ(၅)ဆရာအတတပညာေရးႏငစမခန႔ခြမႈ

ဆရာအတတပညာေရးႏင စမခန႔ခြမႈနယပယတြငရငဆငေနရေသာ အဓကစနေခၚမႈ(၃)ရပမာ ေအာကပါအတငးျဖစပါသည-

- ဘကစလႊမးၿခ၍ ခတဆကမႈရေသာ ဆရာစမခန႔ခြေရးဆငရာ ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈ အေရးတႀကးလအပလကရပါသည။အဆပါျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈကဆရာခန႔ထားေရး၊ဆရာေနရာခထားေရးႏငဆရာအျဖစေရရညတညၿမေရးတ႔ကအားေကာငးေစမညျဖစၿပးထေရာက၍ပြငလငးျမငသာမႈရေသာ စြမးေဆာငရည အကျဖတခကႏငဆရာရာထးတးစနစတ႔ကထေထာငေပးပါမည။ထ႔ျပငအမးသားပညာေရးစနစအတြငးရ ဆရာမားအတြကရငးလငးၿပးသာတညမရေသာဆရာသကေမြးလပငနးအဆငဆင တးျမႇငေပးေရး လမးသြယမားကလညးထေထာငေပးႏငပါမည။

- ဆရာအတတပညာသငဌာနမားျဖစေသာ ပညာေရးေကာလပမား၊ပညာေရးတကသလမားႏင ျပညေထာငစတငးရငးသားလမးမား ဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးတကသလတ႔၏သငၾကားသငယမႈ၊ အေျခခအေဆာကအအႏင စမခန႔ခြမႈ အရညအေသြးမားက တးတကေကာငးမြနေအာင ေဆာငရြကႏငရနအတြက ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားျပလပရနလအပေနပါသည။

- ဆရာအတတပညာႏင ကြၽမးကငမႈမားက ေရရညျမႇငတငမႈေပးႏငေသာ အရညအေသြးျမငမားသည

အမးသားအဆင ဆရာအတတပညာ စဥဆကမျပတစြမးေဆာငရညျမငမားေရး အစအစဥေဆာငရြကရနလအပပါသည။ အဆပါ အစအစဥသည ျမနမာႏငငရ အေျခခပညာေကာငးအားလးတြင သငယတတေျမာကမႈျမငမားေစရနအတြက တငးတာသရႏငေသာတးတကမႈကျဖစထြနးေစပါမည။

နယပယ(၆)ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရး

ေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာ ပညာေရးနယပယတြငရငဆငေနရေသာ အဓကစနေခၚမႈ (၄)ရပမာ ေအာကပါအတငးျဖစပါသည-

- ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနအေနျဖင ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာ ပညာေရးအစအစဥမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာႏငေရးအတြက ေယဘယအညႊနးေဘာငအျဖစခမတေပးႏငမညေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးမဝါဒတစရပက သေတသနျပ ေရးဆြၿပးအမားျပညသတ႔အား ကယကယျပန႔ျပန႔ အသေပးရနလအပပါသည။

- ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည ပညာေရးႏင အသကေမြးဝမးေကာငးလမးသြယမား၏ အဆငအမးမးတြငေရာကရေနေသာ ေကာငးျပငပေရာက သငယသမား၏မတကြျပားေသာလအပခကမားက ျဖညဆညးေပးႏငသညေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးအစအစဥ အမးမးကအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကေရးအတြက ပပးေပးရနလအပပါသည။ အဆပါအစအစဥမားသည အရညအေသြးရၿပး လကလမးမႏင၍ ျပငဆငေျပာငးလႏငေသာ အသအမတျပအစအစဥမားျဖစရပါမည။

- အစးရ၊ အစးရမဟတေသာအဖြ႕အစညးမား၊ ရပရြာအေျချပအဖြ႕အစညးမားႏင ပဂၢလကက႑တ႔မေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာ ပညာေရးဝနေဆာငမႈေပးသမား အားလးအတြက အမးသားအဆငအရညအေသြးစသတမတခကမားေရးဆြၿပးစနစတကပမနတငးတာမႈျပလပရနလအပေနပါသည။ထသ႔ျပလပမသာ အရညအေသြးရၿပး သငယသဗဟျပကာလအပခကကတ႔ျပနျဖညဆညးေပးႏငေသာ ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာ ပညာေရးရရႏငမႈ အခြငအလမးမားပမတးတကလာေစမညျဖစသည။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)20

Page 83: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

- အစးရ၊ အစးရမဟတေသာ ဝနေဆာငမႈေပးသမား၊ရပရြာအေျချပအဖြ႕အစညးမားႏင ပဂၢလကက႑တ႔၏ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကမႈ ပမထေရာကေကာငးမြနေစရနပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည ေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာပညာေရးက႑အတြငး ေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးမႈကတးခ႕ၿပးအားေကာငးေအာင ေဆာငရြကရန လအပပါသည။

နယပယ(၇)နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး

နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏင ေလကငေရးနယပယတြငရငဆငေနရေသာအဓကစနေခၚမႈ (၃)ရပမာေအာကပါအတငးျဖစပါသည-

- အရညအေသြးျမငမား၍ လတငးတကေရာကႏငမႈအခြငအလမးမားဖနတးေပးႏငေသာ က႑စစစညးပါဝငသည နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးသည အလပအကင အခြငအလမးမားတးပြားေရး၊ ဆငးရမႈေလာကေရးႏင စးပြားေရးစဥဆကမျပတ ဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေရးအတြက အေျခခလအပခကတစချဖစပါသည။ ျမနမာႏငငရ လငယမား၏ အလပလကမျပနာက ေျဖရငးရနႏငႏငင၏စးပြားေရးက ျမႇငတငေဆာငရြကရနအတြကအေျခခပညာမၿပးဆးသမားႏင နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးက စတဝငစားေသာသမားေလကငသငယႏငေသာ လအပခကအေျချပနညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးသငတနးမားအေကာငအထညေဖာ ေဆာငရြကျခငးသညအေရးပါေသာအခနးက႑တစချဖစပါသည။

- နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏင ေလကငေရးသငတနးမားသ႔တကေရာကႏငမႈအခြငအလမးမားပမမားျပားလာေစရန၊ သငတနးဆငးၿပးေသာသမားအလပအကငရရေစရန၊ လပငနးရငမား၏ လအပခကမားက ျဖညဆညးေပးႏငရနႏင သငယသမား၏ သငတနးတကေရာကလမႈ ျမငမားလာေစရနအတြက နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး အရညအေသြး ပမေကာငးမြနေအာငေဆာငရြကရနလအပလကရပါသည။

- နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏင ေလကငေရးက႑တစခလး လႊမးၿခပါဝငၿပး အေကာငအထညေဖာမညအဖြ႕အစညးမားအားလးအခတအဆကမမျဖင လပေဆာငႏငသည ဥပေဒႏငမဝါဒအညႊနးေဘာငေရးဆြ၍နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးက႑စမခန႔ခြမႈႏင ေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးမႈပမအားေကာငးေအာင ေဆာငရြကႏငရန လအပေနပါသည။

နယပယ(၈) အဆငျမငပညာေရးအဆငျမငပညာေရးနယပယတြင ရငဆငေနရေသာ

အဓကစနေခၚမႈ(၄)ရပမာေအာကပါအတငးျဖစပါသည-

- သမား႐းကဗဟဦးစးစနစပစမ လပငနးစြမးေဆာငႏငမႈ၊ တာဝနခမႈႏငကယပင စမခန႔ခြမႈတ႔က ဦးစားေပး၍လပငနးတာဝနခြေဝေဆာငရြကေသာပစ (CorporateModel)သ႔ေျပာငးလရနလအပေနပါသည။

- ျမနမာႏငင အဆငျမငပညာေရးစနစတြင သင႐းညႊနးတမး၊သငယမႈဝနးကင၊သေတသနႏငသငၾကားေရးလပငနးစဥမားစသညအရညအေသြးႏငသကဆငေသာလပငနးမားကအဘကဘကမ ျမႇငတငေပးရနလအပေနပါသည။

- ေငြေၾကးတတႏငမႈႏင လကလမးမႏငမႈတ႔သညအဆငျမငပညာေရးႏငပတသကသည သငယမႈအခြငအလမးအေပၚ အဓကလႊမးမးေနေသာေၾကာငေကာငးသားမားအေနျဖင အဆပါ အခကအခကေကာလႊားႏငရန ေထာကပေပးသည အစအစဥမားလအပေနပါသည။

- ျမနမာႏငငအဆငျမငပညာေကာငးမားတြင အေတြးအေခၚ အသစမားႏင ဆနးသစတထြငမႈမားဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးအတြက အဆပါေကာငးမား၏ သေတသနစြမးေဆာငရည (Research Capacity) က ျမႇငတငေပးရနလအပေနပါသည။

အႏစခပ 21

Page 84: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

နယပယ(၉)စမခန႔ခြမႈ၊စြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငမႈႏငအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈ

စမခန႔ခြမႈ၊စြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငမႈႏငအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈနယပယတြငရငဆငေနရေသာ အဓကစနေခၚမႈ(၄)ရပမာေအာကပါအတငးျဖစပါသည-

- ေကာငးမားႏင ပညာသငယရာဌာနမားတြင ပညာအရညအေသြးႏင ေကာငးသားမား၏သငယတတေျမာကမႈတ႔ကတးျမႇငေပးႏငရနအတြကရငးလငးစြာအဓပၸာယဖြငဆထားေသာ၊ အမးသားအဆငအျဖစပမနအေကာငအထညေဖာလကရေသာ၊စသတမတခကအေျချပထားေသာ အရညအေသြးအာမခမႈစနစတစခလအပေနပါသည။

- ဝနႀကးဌာနမားႏငအစးရမဟတေသာ အဖြ႕အစညးမားအၾကား ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကရာတြင ပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈလပငနးမားက လြယကစြာေဆာငရြကရန၊ ပပးေပးရနႏင ေရရညတညတေစရနတ႔အတြကက႑အလက၊ က႑ခြအလကႏင တငးေဒသႀကး/ျပညနယ၊ ခ႐င၊ ၿမ႕နယအလကတ႔တြင ထေရာကမႈ

ရ၍ အားလးပါဝငႏငေသာ ေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးေရးနညးလမးမားလအပေနပါသည။

- အစးရႏင ဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈမတဖကမား၏ ပပ းမႈျဖင ေဆာငရြကလကရေသာ အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနးေရးဆြရာတြငစမကနးလပငနးမား၊လပငနးအစအစဥမားအတြက ပညာေရးက႑တစခလးကလႊမးၿခႏငေသာအရညအေသြးရပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြမႈအခကအလကမား(ဥပမာ-တက၊မနကန၊အခနႏငတစေျပးည၊ မဟာဗဟာေျမာက) မရရႏငျခငးသညအဓကစနေခၚမႈတစရပျဖစပါသည။

- အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး ေအာငျမငစြာအေကာငအထညေဖာ ေဆာငရြကႏငေရးအတြက စမခန႔ခြမႈဖြ႕စညးပအသစမား၊ စနစမားႏင လပထးလပနညးမားတညေထာငၿပး လကရကငသးေနေသာစနစမား၊လပထးလပနညးမားႏငလညး အားျဖညေပါငးစပရနလအပေနပါသည။ ထ႔ျပင အမးသားပညာေရးစနစအဆငတငးရ ပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြမႈ လပေဆာငေနေသာစမခန႔ခြသမား၏ စြမးေဆာငရည ျမႇငတငေပးႏငရနအရညအေသြးရသငတနးအစအစဥမားလအပေနပါသည။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)22

Page 85: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

ပ (၇.၁) အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး ေရးဆြရန သတငးအခကအလက အရငးအျမစမား

၇.၀။အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးေရးဆြရာတြငအေျခခသညမမား

အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးေရးဆြရာတြငေအာကပါအေကာငးဆးလပထးလပနညးဆငရာမမားကအသးျပထားပါသည-

၇.၁။ အေထာကအထားအေျချပေရးမလြနခေသာ(၂)ႏစအတြငး ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည

ခတဆကလကရေသာ သတငးအခကအလကအရငးအျမစ(၅)ခက ေဖာထတဆနးစစခၿပး အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)က ေရးဆြခပါသည။

ပ (၇.၁)တြင ေဖာျပထားပါသည။အဆပါသတငးအခကအလကအရငးအျမစ (၅)ခက အျပနအလနႏႈငးယဥေလလာၿပး(၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)ကာလအတြငးအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကရမည ဦးစားေပးျပျပငေျပာငးလေရးလပငနးမားကေဖာထတထားပါသည။

NESP၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁အေထာကအထား

အေျချပမဟာဗဟာစမကနး

CESRအဆင၁ႏင၂အစရငခစာမား

(၁)

ပညာေရးဆငရာလပငနးအဖြ႕၏အစရငခစာမား

(၂)NESP

က႑အလကလပငနးစမကနး

၉ေစာင(၄)

အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒ(၂၀၁၄)ႏငအမးသားပညာေရး

ဥပေဒကျပငဆငသညဥပေဒ(၂၀၁၅)

(၃)

အစးရ၏ပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈဥးစားေပးလပငနးမား

(၅)

အႏစခပ 23

Page 86: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၇.၄။ခတဆကေပါငးစညးထားေရးမအမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးသည ပညာေရး

က႑ခြမားႏင အဆငအလက ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားခတဆကမႈက အထးအေလးေပးသည ပညာေရး ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားျဖစရနဘကစလႊမးၿခသည ခဥးကပနညးစနစတစခကေရးဆြခမတခပါသည။

၇.၅။ေျပာငးလမႈကတငးတာေရးမပညာေရးျပျပင ေျပာငးလမႈအတြက သေတသနမား

ျပလပျခငးႏင အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနးကမၾကမးေရးဆြျခငးစသည ကနဦးအဆငကပင ပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြသမားအေနျဖင အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးမဟာဗဟာမားႏင လပငနးအစအစဥမား၏အကးသကေရာကမႈမားက စဥဆကမျပတတငးတာႏငမညစနစမားခမတရနအေရးႀကးေၾကာငးပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနမအဆငျမငတာဝနရပဂၢလမားကအေလးအနကထညသြငးစဥးစားေဆာငရြကခၾကၿပးျဖစပါသည။

၇.၆။ကနကစရတခန႔မနးတြကခကေရးမပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည (၅)ႏစတာကာလအတြငး

ေဆာငရြကရန အဆျပထားေသာ မဟာဗဟာမားႏငလပငနးအစအစဥမားအတြကႏငငေတာအစးရႏင ဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈမတဖကမား၏ ခန႔မနးထားေသာ ရနပေငြပပးႏငမႈ အေျခအေနႏင ကကညေစရန အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနး ကနကစရတခန႔မနးတြကခကမႈက ေဆာငရြကခသည။

၇.၇။လကလမးမေရးမပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည အမးသားပညာေရး

မဟာဗဟာစမကနးေရးဆြျခငးက ျပညသလထတစရပလးက လကလမးမႏငရန အထးအေလးေပး ေဆာငရြကခပါသည။

၇.၈။လကေလာညေထြမႈရေရးမပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနက ေရးဆြခေသာ အမးသား

ပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးသည အစးရ၏ ပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈ ဦးစားေပးလပငနးမားႏင အျပညအဝလကေလာညေထြမႈရပါသည။

၇.၂။ညႇႏႈငးေဆြးေႏြးေရးမဘကစလႊမးၿခႏငေသာ ပညာေရးက႑ ေလလာ

သးသပေရးလပငနးအစရငခစာမားႏင ပညာေရးဆငရာလပငနးအဖြ႕အစရငခစာမား၏သသာထငရားေသာေအာငျမငမႈတစရပမာ ပညာေရးတြင ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသမားႏငႏငငတစဝနးတြင ကယျပန႔စြာ ညႇႏႈငးေဆြးေႏြးမႈေဆာငရြကႏငချခငးျဖစသည။ ၂၀၁၄ ခႏစ၊ ေအာကတဘာလမ၂၀၁၅ ခႏစ၊ ဇလငလအတြငး ဘကစလႊမးၿခႏငေသာပညာေရးက႑ ေလလာသးသပေရးလပငနးအဖြ႕ဝငမားသညပညာေရးတြငပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသ (၃,၁၉၉)ဦးႏင ညႇႏႈငးေဆြးေႏြးပြ (၁၀၇) ႀကမျပလပခၿပး ေဆြးေႏြးခကမားကအမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနး က႑အလကလပငနးစမကနးမၾကမး (၉)ေစာငတြင ထညသြငးေရးသားျပစခသည။

၂၀၁၅ခႏစ၊ ဇလငလတြင ဘကစလႊမးၿခႏငေသာပညာေရးက႑ေလလာသးသပေရးလပငနး႐းမအဖြ႕ဝငမားသညအမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးက႑အလကလပငနးစမကနးမၾကမးမားက တစႏငငလးရ ခ႐ငေပါငး(၄၃)ခ၌ပညာေရးတြငပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသ(၁၃,ဝ၀ဝ)၀နးကငက တစရကတာ ညႇႏႈငးေဆြးေႏြးပြမားကငးပၿပး ရငးလငးတငျပခၾကသည။ အဆပါ ညႇႏႈငးေဆြးေႏြးပြမားတြငအမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနး ရညမနးခကပနးတင၊မဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလ(၉)ရပ၊မဟာဗဟာမားႏင လပငနးအစအစဥမားက ေဆြးေႏြးတငျပရာပညာေရးတြင ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသမားက ေထာကခ၍အႀကျပခကမားရရခၾကပါသည။

၇.၃။အရညအေသြးကအေလးေပးေရးမအမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနးဆငရာ

အေထာကအထားအေျချပအခကအလကမားက အေသးစတေလလာသးသပရာတြင အရညအေသြးရေသာ ပညာေရးသည အဓကကေသာ အခကတစချဖစေၾကာငးေတြ႕ရရသည။ အဆပါေတြ႕ရခကအရ ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသညအမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး၏ ပညာေရးက႑ခြ အားလးတြင အရညအေသြးအေလးေပးေသာပညာေရး ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမား၊ မဟာဗဟာမားႏငလပငနးအစအစဥမားကထညသြငးထားပါသည။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)24

Page 87: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၈.ဝ။ အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးရညမနးခကပနးတင

ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည ၂၀၂၀-၂၀၂၁ ဘ႑ာႏစအကနတြင ‘‘ေကာငးမားႏင ပညာသငယရာဌာနအားလးတြင ေကာငးသားမား၏ သငယတတေျမာကမႈမား သသာထငရားစြာ တးတကလာေရးက ဥးတညသည ပမတးတကေကာငးမြနေသာ သငၾကားသငယမႈ၊ သကေမြးပညာေရးႏင ေလကငေရး၊ သေတသနႏငဆနးသစတထြငမႈမား ျဖစထြနးလာေစေရး’’ ဟေသာ ရညမနးခကပနးတငက ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေအာငေဆာငရြကမညဟသတမတထားပါသည-

အဆပါ ရညမနးခကပနးတငထားရရျခငး၏ အဓက

အေၾကာငးရငး(၃)ရပမာေအာကပါအတငးျဖစပါသည-

၈.၁။ မဘႏငေကာငးသားမား၏ေမၽာမနးခကမားျမငမားျခငး

အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးႏငစပလဥးေသာ ညႇႏႈငးေဆြးေႏြးမႈမားျပလပရာတြင ပညာေရးတြငပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသအားလး၏သေဘာတညခကတစရပမာ မဘမားသည အမးသားပညာေရးစနစ၏အဆငတငး

တြင ၎တ႔သားသမးမား၏ သငယတတေျမာကမႈမားက သသာထငရားစြာ တးတကရန လလားေနျခငး ျဖစပါသည။ အဆပါ ေမၽာမနးခကမားက ျဖညဆညးေပးသညအေနျဖငလာမည(၅)ႏစတာကာလအတြငးမႀကေကာငးမား၊အေျခခပညာေကာငးမား၊ေကာလပမား၊တကသလမားႏငပညာသငယရာဌာနမားအားလးမေကာငးသားမား၏သငယတတေျမာကမႈတးတကလာေစရန ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈလပငနးအမးမး၊ဆနးသစေသာမဟာဗဟာမားႏငလပငနးအစအစဥမားကခမတေဆာငရြကသြားမညျဖစသည။

အႏစခပ 25

Page 88: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၈.၂။ အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးပါျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈလပငနးမားကအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကရာတြငဆရာမားသညအဓကအခနးက႑၌ပါဝငေနျခငး

အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးပါ ျပျပငေျပာငးလေရးလပငနးမားက ေအာငျမငစြာ အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကရာတြင ဆရာမားသည အဓကေနရာမ ပါဝငရမညသမားျဖစေၾကာငး ႏငငတြငးႏင ႏငငတကာသေတသနအေထာကအထားမားက အေလးေပးေဖာျပထားပါသည။ ဥပမာ - အေျခခပညာေရးမ ဆရာမားသည အေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစက ေအာငျမငစြာအေကာငအထညေဖာရာတြငအဓကအခနးက႑မပါဝငရမညျဖစသကသ႔ ဆရာႏငေကာငးသား အျပနအလနဆကသြယမႈရေသာ သငၾကားနညးအတတပညာမားႏငအကျဖတျခငးစနစအသစက အေကာငအထညေဖာကငသးရာတြငလညးပါဝငၾကရမညျဖစသည။ထ႔ေၾကာငဆရာမားသည အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာ စမကနးရညမနးခကပနးတင၏အဓကအခနးက႑တြငပါဝငမညျဖစပါသည။

၈.၃။ျမနမာႏငင၏လမႈေရးႏငစးပြားေရးေရရညဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈအတြကနညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးႏငအဆငျမငပညာေရးတ႔သညအေျခခကေသာအခနးက႑မပါဝငျခငး

လမႈစးပြားေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈ ေရရညတညတေစရနျမနမာစးပြားေရးနယပယတြင ယဥၿပငႏငစြမးရေသာကၽြမးကငလပသားမား ျဖညဆညးေပးႏငေရးအတြက အရညအေသြးျမငမားေသာနညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးသညအထးလအပသည။လာမညႏစမားတြင စကပးေရး၊စြမးအင၊ ကနထတလပမႈ၊ သတငးအခကအလကနညးပညာႏငလၽပစစပငးဆငရာလပငနး၊ေဆာကလပေရး၊ေမြးျမေရးႏငေရလပငနး၊ဟတယႏငခရးသြားလပငနးမားတြငကြၽမးကငလပသားမားစြာလအပလာပါမည။အဆပါလအပခကမားကျဖညဆညးရာတြငနညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးစနစသည သငယသမားအားမမတ႔၏အလပအကငဆငရာ ေမၽာမနးခကမား ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငၿပး စးပြားေရးဖြ ႔ ၿဖးတးတကမႈအေပၚ အကးျပလာႏငေစမည အသပညာဗဟသတ၊ ကြၽမးကငမႈႏငတတကြၽမးမႈမားျဖညဆညးေပးရနလအပပါသည။

အဆငျမငပညာေရးသညအစးရအဖြ႕အစညး၊ စးပြားေရးက႑ႏင စကမႈလကမႈလပငနးတ႔အတြက လအပေသာအရညအခငးျပညမသည လသားအရငးအျမစ (HumanCapital) က ျပစပးေထာငေပးရန တာဝနရပါသည။အဆငျမငပညာေကာငးမားအေနျဖင ကမၻာတစဝနး စးပြားေရးယဥၿပငမႈမားျပားသညလမႈဝနးကငတြငလအပေသာသေတသနလပငနးေဆာငရြကျခငး၊ဆနးသစတထြငဖနတးႏငေသာေတြးေခၚႀကဆမႈမားျပစပးေထာငေပးျခငးတ႔ကေဆာငရြကရာတြငအဓကအခနးက႑မပါဝငပါသည။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)26

Page 89: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၉.ဝ။အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးရညမနးခကပနးတငကေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစမညမဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလ(၉)ရပ

ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး ရညမနးခကပနးတငက ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစႏငမညမဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလ(၉)ရပကေဖာထတသတမတထားပါသည။ပ(၉.၁)တြငေဖာျပထားပါသည။ မဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလဆသညမာ ၂၀၂၁ ခႏစတြင ျမနမာႏငငပညာေရးက႑တစခခငးစ၏ရညရြယထားေသာအနာဂတအေျခအေနကေဖာျပထားသညေမၽာမနးခကျဖစပါသည။

အေရးႀကးဆးအေနျဖငမဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလ (၉)ရပသည “လသားအားလး အကးဝငမႈရကာညညႊတမတၿပးအရညအေသြးရသညပညာသငယႏငေရးႏင အစဥေလလာသငယႏ ငေသာ အခြငအလမးရရေရး”

ဟေသာေရရညဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈပနးတင-၄(SustainableDevelopmentGoal-4)ကပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနအေနျဖငေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငႏငရနသသာထငရားစြာအေထာကအကျပပါမည။

အႏစခပ 27

Page 90: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

ပ (၉.၁) အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး၏ ရညမနးခကပနးတငႏင မဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလ(၉)ရပ

အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး၏ရညမနးခကပနးတင

ေကာငးမားႏငပညာသငယရာဌာနအားလးတြငေကာငးသားမား၏သငယတတေျမာကမႈမား

သသာထငရားစြာတးတကလာေရးကဥးတညသညပမတးတကေကာငးမြနေသာသငၾကားသငယမႈ၊သကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး၊သေတသနႏငဆနးသစတထြငမႈမားျဖစထြနးလာေစမည။

အဆငျမငပညာေရး

ကမၻာအဆငမအဆငျမငပညာေရးစနစျဖငေကာငးသားမား

သာတညမပညာဆညးပးခြငရ၍အလပအကငအခြငအလမးမား

ပမရရႏငကာပညာအေျချပစးပြားေရးတညေဆာကရာတြငလညးတစတပတစအားပါဝင

ေဆာငရြကခြငရရေစမည။

နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး

ပမထေရာကသညနညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးဆငရာစမခန႔ခြမႈစနစေအာကတြငပညာေရးအရညအေသြး

အာမခမႈရၿပးလပသားေစးကြက၏လအငႏငလကေလာညေထြမႈရေသာနညးပညာႏငသကေမြး

ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးအစအစဥမားကသငယသမားသညပမတက

ေရာကခြငရရလာၿပးၿပးဆးသညအထေအာငျမငတတေျမာက

လာၾကမည။

ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရး

ပညာသငယသမားအေနျဖင၎တ႔၏ဘဝတစသကတာသငယမႈႏင

အလပအကငေမာမနးခကမားေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရနအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈရၿပးအသအမတျပထားေသာေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရး

အစအစဥမားျဖငသငယတတေျမာကလာႏငၾကမည။

ဆရာအတတပညာေရးႏငစမခန႔ခြမႈ

ေကာငးသားအားလးဘကစဖြ ႔ၿဖးတးတကေစရနဆရာႏငေကာငးသားအျပနအလနဆကသြယမႈရသည

သငၾကားသငယမႈကဆရာမားကအသးျပ၍ေကာငးသားမားကပပးကညမည။

ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင

စာေမးပြမားကငးပျခငး

ေကာငးသားမား၏သငယတတေျမာကမႈတးတကျမငမားရနအတြကအရညအေသြးေကာငးမြနေသာပညာရည

စစေဆးအကျဖတမႈစနစသစတစရပကဆရာမားႏငပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြသမားကအေကာငအထညေဖာ

ေဆာငရြကၾကမည။

အေျခခပညာသင႐းၫႊနးတမး

ေကာငးသားအားလးတြငမမဘ၀ႏငဆေလာၿပးျမနမာႏငင၏၂၁ရာစလမႈစးပြားေရးအေျခအေနအရလအပသညအသပညာ၊

ကြၽမးကငမႈမား၊သေဘာထားမားႏငတတကၽြမးမႈမား

ဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကလာၾကမည။

အေျခခပညာေရး-အခြငအလမး၊

အရညအေသြးႏငလတငးအကး၀ငမႈ

ကေလးအားလးအရညအေသြးရအေျခခပညာကသငယခြငရရၿပးအတနးစဥအဆငဆငဆကလကသငယၿပးေျမာကနငၾကမည။

စမခန႔ခြမႈ၊စြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငမႈႏငအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈ

ပညာေရးက႑အသးသးရပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြသမားသညအေထာက

အထားအေျချပဆးျဖတခကချခငးကအသးျပျပးေကာငးမားႏငပညာသငယရာဌာနမားတြငတးတကေအာင

ျမငေသာသငၾကားသငယမႈအတြကတာ၀နယေဆာင

ရြကေစမည။

မႀကႏငသငယတနးပညာေရး

ကေလးသငယတငးအရညအေသြးရမႀကႏငသငယတနး(KG)ပညာသငယခြငရရျခငးျဖင၎တ႔၏

ေလလာသငယမႈလမးေၾကာငးတစေလာကလးအတြကအစေကာငးေစမည။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)28

Page 91: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၁၀.ဝ။အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး၏အဓကက႑မား

မဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလ(၉)ရပကေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရနပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနႏငဆကစပဝနႀကးဌာနမားရတာဝနယေဆာငရြကရမည ဦးစးဌာနမားသညအျပနအလနျဖညဆညးမႈရသည မဟာဗဟာမားႏငအစအစဥမားကက႑အားလးလႊမးၿခၿပးေကာငးစြာေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးလကအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကရနလအပပါလမမည။ပညာေရးက႑အတြငး ႏငငေတာအစးရႏင အလရငမား၏ပပးမႈက ပမအကးရထေရာကေစေရးအတြက အဆပါေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးေဆာငရြကမႈသညအေရးႀကးပါသည။

ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည၂၀၂၁ခႏစတြငအမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာရညမနးခကပနးတငႏငမဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလ(၉)ရပကအေကာငအထညေဖာရာတြငေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစႏငမညက႑အလကမဟာဗဟာမား၊အစအစဥမားႏငလပငနးအစအစဥမားကေအာကတြငေဖာျပထားပါသည-

၁၀.၁။မႀကႏငသငယတနးပညာေရးႏငငေတာအစးရသည အမးသားအဆင စးပြားဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈ

တးျမႇငေဆာငရြကျခငးႏင ေဆာငရြကဆ လမႈေရးက႑ဆငရာ ျပျပငေျပာငးလေရးလပငနးမား၏ အဓကအစတအပငးတစခအေနျဖင ေရးဦးအရြယကေလးသငယျပစပးေထာငေရးႏင ဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးလပငနးမားျဖစသညအရညအေသြးရေသာမႀကႏငသငယတနးပညာေရးအခြငအလမးမားကတးျမႇငေဆာငရြကရနကတကဝတျပထားပါသည။စးပြားေရးပညာရငမား၊ကေလးသငယဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးဆငရာကြၽမးကငပညာရငမား၊ ႏငငတြငးႏင ႏငငတကာရလမႈေရးမဝါဒဆငရာသေတသနပညာရငမားကေရးဦးအရြယ ကေလးသငယျပစပးေထာငေရးႏင ဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးဝနေဆာငမႈဆငရာ ရငးႏးျမႇပႏမႈသည လမႈေရးႏငစးပြားေရးဆငရာ အဓကရငးႏးျမႇပႏမႈမားထမ တစချဖစေၾကာငးႏင ထသ႔ရငးႏးျမႇပႏျခငးသည တျခားပညာေရးက႑မားတြငရငးႏးျမႇပႏျခငးကလညးပမ၍အကးသကေရာကမႈျမငမားေစသညဟသတမတၾကပါသည။

အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒ (၂၀၁၄)၏ အခနး(၁)ပဒမ ၂၊ ပဒမခြ(ဎ)တြင “ ေရးဦးအရြယ ကေလးသငယပညာေရးဆသညမာ ေမြးစမအသကရစႏစျပညသညအရြယအထကေလးသငယမား ဘကစဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈရရေစရန၊ဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈအဆငႏငကကညေသာ နညးလမးမားကအသးျပၿပး ျပစပးေထာငေပးေသာ ပညာေရးကဆသည။”အခနး(၁)ပဒမ၂၊ပဒမခြ(ဏ)တြင“မႀကပညာေရးဆသညမာအသကသးႏစမငါးႏစအရြယကေလးမား၏ကာယ၊ဉာဏ၊စာရတ၊မတႏငစတပငးဆငရာဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေရး

ႏငအေျခခပညာဆကလကသငယႏငေရးတ႔အတြက ျပစပးေထာငေပးေသာပညာေရးကဆသည။”အခနး(၁)ပဒမ၂၊ ပဒမခြ (တ)တြင “သငယတနးပညာေရးဆသညမာပထမတနးသ႔ ကးေျပာငးမႈလြယကေစရန အသကငါးႏစျပညၿပးကေလးမားအတြကဘကစဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈႏငသငေလာေသာနညးလမးမားကအသးျပၿပးျပစပးေထာငေပးသညပညာေရးက ဆသည” ဟ ေဖာျပထားပါသည။ အခနး(၅) ပဒမ ၁၆၊ ပဒမခြ (ခ)တြင “သငယတနးပညာေရးကမလတနးအဆငပညာေရး၏ အေျခခအတနးအျဖစသတမတသည”ဟေဖာျပထားသည။

လကရကာလတြင ျမနမာႏငင၏ မႀကပညာေရးဆငရာ အခြငအလမးမားသညအာရပစဖတေဒသရ ႏငငအမားစႏငႏႈငးယဥလင မားစြာ ေနာကကလကရပါသည။ အရညအေသြးရေသာ မႀကႏင သငယတနးပညာေရးဆငရာ အခြငအလမးရရမႈ အကန႔အသတျဖငသာရေနျခငးေၾကာင ကေလးမားေကာငးတကရန အဆငသငျဖစေရး၊ ေကာငးသားမား၏ သငယတတေျမာကမႈရလဒျမငမားေရး၊ရပရြာလထ၏ေကာငးကးႏငစးပြားေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေရးဆငရာ အကးသကေရာကမႈတ႔က ထခကေစပါသည။

မႀကႏငသငယတနးပညာေရးဆငရာ မဟာဗဟာေျမာက အေျပာငးအလ ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရနအျပနအလနဆကစပျဖညဆညးေပးသည မဟာဗဟာ(၄)ရပႏင အစအစဥမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကပါမည-

အႏစခပ 29

Page 92: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

မဟာဗဟာ (၁) မႀကဝနေဆာငမႈဆငရာ အပခပေရးႏင ေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးေရးက ပမအားေကာငးေအာငေဆာငရြကျခငး။

အစအစဥ - မႀကပညာေရးဆငရာ အပခပေရးႏငေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၁) အရညအေသြးရ မႀကဝနေဆာငမႈအခြငအလမး တးခ႕ေဆာငရြကရာတြငႏငငေတာအစးရ၊ အရပဘကလမႈအဖြ႕အစညးႏငပဂၢလကက႑တ႔မပညာေရးတြငပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသမားႏင ခတဆကေဆာငရြကႏငေရးအတြက ေရးဦးအရြယ ကေလးသငယျပစ ပးေထာငေရးႏင ဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးဆငရာ ၿမ႕နယႏင ခ႐ငအဆင မႀကေကာမတမားတညေထာငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၂)ႏငငတစဝနးလးတြင မႀကသငယမႈအခြငအလမးႏငစပလဥးသညအရညအေသြးရအခကအလကမားရရေရးအတြကမႀကေကာငးမား၏ တညေနရာႏင ေကာငးနယေျမသတမတၿပး ေျမပေရးဆြျခငးႏင အေျခခသတငးအခကအလကမားေကာကယျခငး။ (အေျခခပညာဦးစးဌာန အေျခခစာရငးအငးႏငေပါငးစညး၍ေဆာငရြကမည။)

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ - မႀကေကာမတမား၏ မႀကဝနေဆာငမႈမားအေပၚပမေကာငးမြနသညအပခပမႈႏငေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးမႈျဖင မႀကပညာေရးက ထေရာကစြာေဆာငရြကျခငး။

မဟာဗဟာ(၂) ေကးလကေဒသမားႏင ေဝးလေခါငဖားေဒသမားရ ကေလးမားအတြက မႀကဝနေဆာငမႈမားပမတးျမႇငေဆာငရြကျခငး။

အစအစဥ - မႀကပညာေရး သငယခြငရရေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၁) မႀကပညာေရးအမားဆးလအပေသာ ေကးလကေဒသမားႏင ေဝးလေခါငဖားေဒသမားရ ကေလးမားအား အရညအေသြးရ မႀကပညာေရးအကးေကးဇးမားရရေစရနအတြက မႀကေထာကပေၾကးမား ပပးေပးျခငးျဖင ေကာငးအေျချပႏငရပရြာအေျချပမႀကမားတးခ႕ေဆာငရြကျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) အထးလအပခကရေသာသးႏစမငါးႏစအရြယ ကေလးမားအား ေကာငးသငပညာေရးသ႔ကးေျပာငးရာတြင ေခာေမြ႕ေစေရးအတြကျပစပးေထာငေရးႏင ဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးဆငရာစစေဆးမႈႏငျပနလညထေထာငေရးလပငနးမား(EarlyChildhoodIntervention-ECI)ေဆာငရြကျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ - ေကးလကေဒသမားႏငေဝးလေခါငဖားေဒသမားရ သးႏစမ ငါးႏစအရြယကေလးငယမား အရညအေသြးရ မႀကဝနေဆာငမႈအခြငအလမးပမရရလာျခငး။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)30

Page 93: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

မဟာဗဟာ(၃)မလတနးေကာငးသ႔ ဝငေရာကမညကေလးမားကပမေကာငးမြနစြာျပငဆငေပးရနမႀကေကာငးမား၏အရညအေသြးကျမႇငတငေပးျခငး။

အစအစဥ - မႀကေကာငးမား အရညအေသြးတးတကေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) ေကာငးအေျချပႏငရပရြာအေျချပ မႀကေကာငးမား၏ အရညအေသြး တးျမႇငေရးအတြက ေကးလကေဒသမားႏင ေဝးလေခါငဖားေဒသမားရ မႀကေကာငးမားအတြက ေထာကပမႈအမးမးက စစညးပပးေပးျခငး။ (IntegratedPackagesမားပပးေပးျခငး)

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) မႀကေကာငးမားတြငသငယမႈျမႇငတငေရးအတြက အမးသားအဆင မႀကဆရာအတတသငတနးႏငမႀကေကာမတမားအားစမခန႔ခြမႈသငတနးေပးျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) မႀကေကာငးအားလးအတြကမႀကစသတမတခကမား ေအာငျမငမႈက စစေဆးအကျဖတၿပး မႀကပညာေရးဆငရာ အရညအေသြးအာမခမႈစနစထေထာငျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ-အရညအေသြးျပညမႀကသငယခြငရရေသာ ကေလးမားသည သငယတနးတြငသငယရနပၿပးအဆငသငျဖစျခငး။

မဟာဗဟာ (၄) အရညအေသြးရ သငယတနးပညာေရးအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကျခငး။

အစအစဥ - အရညအေသြးရ သငယတနးအတနးမားဖြငလစေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၁)အေျခခပညာေကာငးအားလးတြငသငယတနးအတြကလအပေသာသငယတနးဆရာ၊အေဆာကအအ၊ပရေဘာဂႏငသငေထာကကမား ျဖညဆညးေပးျခငး။ (အေျခခပညာေရးႏငခတဆကမည။)

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၂) သငယတနးပညာေရးတြငမဘမားပမပါဝငမႈရလာေအာငျမႇငတငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၃)အမးသားအဆငသငယတနးအထးျပ ဆရာအတတသငတနး အေကာငအထညေဖာျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- သငယတနးၿပးေျမာကၿပးကေလးမားသည ပထမတနးသ႔ ေအာငျမငစြာကးေျပာငးႏငျခငး။

အႏစခပ 31

Page 94: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၁၀.၂။၂၁ရာစအတြကအေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမား

အေျခခပညာက႑တြင ျပျပငေျပာငးလေရး ျပလပရမည အဓကနယပယမားျဖစသည (က)အခြငအလမး၊အရညအေသြးႏငလတငးအကးဝငမႈ၊(ခ)သင႐းညႊနးတမး၊(ဂ) ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင စာေမးပြမားကငးပျခငး၊ (ဃ) ဆရာအတတပညာေရးႏင စမခန႔ခြမႈစသည နယပယမားအၾကား အျပနအလန အမသဟရမႈႏငျဖညစြကပပးမႈတ႔က အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈသေဘာတရား အညႊနးေဘာင ပ (၁၀.၁) တြင ေဖာျပထားပါသည။ ထ႔ျပင ဤအညႊနးေဘာငတြင အေရးႀကးသညလမးညႊနအေျခခမ(၄)ရပကအေလးေပးေဖာျပထားပါသည။

အေျခခမ(၁) စမကနးလပငနးမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာရာတြင အစအစဥမားက စနစတက ေပါငးစပေဆာငရြကျခငးျဖင ေကာငးသားမား၏သငယတတေျမာကမႈကအျမငမားဆးတးတကေစျခငး

ဤအေျခခမသည အေျခခပညာေရး-အခြငအလမး၊အရညအေသြးႏငလတငးအကးဝငမႈ၊အေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမး၊ ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင စာေမးပြမားကငးပျခငး၊ ဆရာအတတပညာေရးႏင စမခန႔ခြမႈက႑တ႔ရ မဟာဗဟာေျမာကျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားကလာမည (၅)ႏစတာကာလအတြငး ထေရာကမႈရသညအစအစဥတက ညႇႏႈငးေဆာငရြကမႈ၏ အေရးပါမႈကအေလးေပးေဖာျပထားပါသည။ အဆပါက႑မားရ ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားသည အျပနအလန ခတဆကေနေသာေၾကာင၎တ႔က အျပညအဝ ဟနခကညမမႈရေသာ ခဥးကပနညးျဖငအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကရမညျဖစပါသည။

အေျခခမ(၂) ေကာငးသားမား၏ သငယမႈတးတကေကာငးမြနေစရနတကကြၿပးအျပနအလနတာဝနခ၊တာဝနယမႈရေစျခငး

အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမား ေအာငျမငစြာအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကႏငေရးသည အမးသားပညာေရးစနစ အဆငအားလးရ ပညာေရးတြင ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသမား၏ တကကြၿပး အျပနအလနတာဝနခ၊တာဝနယမႈရေစျခငးအေပၚတြင မတညေနသည။ ဥပမာ

အားျဖင ၿမ႕နယပညာေရးမးမားသည ေကာငးမားရသငၾကားသငယမႈ တးတကေကာငးမြနေစေရးအတြကေကာငးအပမားက တာဝနခၾကပမတသညနညးတ ေကာငးအပမားကလညးဆရာမားအတြကအရညအေသြးရ လပငနးခြငသငတနးမားႏင ေကာငးေထာကပေၾကးမားရရေရးတ႔ကၿမ႕နယပညာေရးမးမားထမေတာငးဆရမညျဖစပါသည။

အေျခခမ(၃) ၿမ႕နယႏင ေကာငးအေျချပ ဆးျဖတခကခမတျခငးဆငရာ မဝါဒျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားကအေထာကအကျပျခငး

အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈလပငနးမား ေအာငျမငစြာ အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကႏငေရးအတြက ေကာငးမားတြင ေျပာငးလမႈမားျပလပႏငရန ေကာငးအပမားႏငမဘဆရာအသငးမားအား ကယပငဆးျဖတခြငမား ပမအပႏငးထားရန လအပပါသည။ ထ႔ျပင အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားအေကာငအထညေဖာ ေဆာငရြကရာတြင ေကာငးမားက ပပးႏငရန ၿမ႕နယအဆင ပညာေရးဆငရာတာဝနရပဂၢလမားအား လပပငခြငေပးရန လအပပါသည။

အေျခခမ(၄) အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈ လပငနးမားေရရညတညတေစေရးအတြက အေထာကအကျပရနေကာငးမားကလပပငခြငေပးေသာနညးလမးမားေဖာထတျခငး

ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈလပငနးမား အေကာငအထညေဖာ ေဆာငရြကမႈက ေရရညတညတေစရနႏင အေထာကအကျပႏငရနအတြက ေကာငးမားက လပပငခြငေပးေသာနညးလမးမားအျဖစ ေကာငးဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေရး၊ ေကာငးအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈ စစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင ေကာငးအရညအေသြးေထာကပေၾကးတ႔က ေဖာထတသတမတထားပါသည။အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈ သေဘာတရားအညႊနးေဘာငတြင ေဖာျပထားေသာ အေျခခမ(၄)ရပ ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရနအျပနအလနဆကစပျဖညဆညးေပးသညမဟာဗဟာ (၃)ရပႏင အစအစဥမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကပါမည-

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)32

Page 95: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

ပ(၁၀.၁)အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈသေဘာတရားအညႊနးေဘာင

ႏငငေတာသမၼတ၊ႏငငေတာ၏အတငပငခပဂၢလ၊လႊတေတာအႀကးအက

ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနမအေကာငအထညေဖာမညဥးစးဌာနမား၊တငးေဒသႀကး/ျပညနယ၊ခ႐င၊ၿမ႕နယမားမပညာေရးမး႐းမား

ေကာငးအပမား၊မဘဆရာအသငးမား

တကၾကြၿပးအျပနအလနတာဝနခ၊တာဝနယမႈရေစျခငး

ႏငငသားမားႏငအရပဘကလမႈအဖြ႕အစညးမား

၃ၿမ႕နယႏငေကာငးအေျချပဆးျဖတခကခမတျခငးဆငရာ

မဝါဒျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားကအေထာကအကျပျခငး

၄ေကာငးမားက

လပပငခြငေပးေသာနညးလမးမားေဖာထတျခငး

အခြငအလမး၊အရညအေသြးႏငလတငးအကးဝငမႈ

ေကာငးသားမား၏သငယတတေျမာကမႈက

အျမငမားဆးတးတကေစျခငး

၁အေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမး

ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင

စာေမးပြမားကငးပျခငး

ဆရာအတတပညာေရးႏငစမခန႔ခြမႈ

ေကာငးမား

အမးသားအဆငႏငတငးေဒသႀကး/ျပညနယအဆငမား

အမးသားပညာေရးစနစ၊အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒႏငအမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး

အႏစခပ 33

Page 96: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

မဟာဗဟာ(၁) မဝါဒ၊ ဥပေဒႏငစနစမားကအားေကာငးေစျခငး။

အစအစဥ - အေျခခပညာေရး မဝါဒ၊ ဥပေဒႏငစနစမားအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၁) အေျခခပညာေကာငးသားမား၏သငယတတေျမာကမႈတးတကေကာငးမြနေရးႏင အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမား အေကာငအထညေဖာမႈက ေကာငးအပမားအေနျဖင ပပးေပးႏငေရးတ႔အတြကေကာငးမားႏင ၿမ႕နယမားတြငဆးျဖတခကခမတျခငးဆငရာမဝါဒ။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- စာသငခနးတြငးသငၾကားမႈႏငေကာငးသားမား၏ သငယတတေျမာကမႈမား တးတကျမငမားလာေစရန ေကာငးမားႏင ၿမ႕နယမားတြငဆးျဖတခကခမတျခငးဆငရာ မဝါဒျဖင ေကာငးအပမားႏငမဘဆရာအသငးမားကလပပငခြငပမအပႏငးျခငး။

မဟာဗဟာ(၂)ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကမႈကအားေကာငးေစျခငး။

အစအစဥ-ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၁) အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားတြငဘနးေတာႀကးသငပညာေရးေကာငးမား၊ပဂၢလကေကာငးမား၊ ရပရြာအေျချပေကာငးမား၊အစးရမဟတေသာအဖြ႕အစညးမားကပပးေပးထားသညေကာငးမားႏငတငးရငးသားအဖြ႕အစညးမား၏ေကာငးမားစသညပညာေရးဝနေဆာငမႈေပးသအမးမး၏ ပါဝငေဆာငရြကမႈကပပးရနအတြက ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကေရးယႏရားတစခကရာေဖြေဖာထတျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ-အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားအေကာငအထညေဖာရာတြငပညာေရးႏငသကဆငသည အဖြ႕အစညးအသးသးက ပမတကကြစြာေဆာငရြကလာျခငး။

မဟာဗဟာ(၃)ေထာကခအားေပးမႈရယျခငးႏငဆကသြယေဆာငရြကျခငး။

အစအစဥ-ေထာကခအားေပးမႈရယေရးႏငဆကသြယေဆာငရြကေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားတြင မညသညအရာမား ပါဝငမည၊ ေကာငးသားမား၏ သငယတတေျမာကမႈႏငစာသငခနးတြငး သငၾကားမႈက မညကသ႔တးတကေကာငးမြနေအာင ျပလပမညတ႔ႏငစပလဥး၍ ပညာေရးတြငပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသမားအေနျဖငနားလညသေဘာေပါကေစရနဆကသြယစညး႐းလႈပရားျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမား ေအာငျမငစြာအေကာငအထညေဖာေရးအတြက ေမာလငမထားေသာအတားအဆးမားက သရနားလညၿပးေျဖရငးေဆာငရြကႏငရနျပျပငေျပာငးလေရးလပငနးမားေဆာငရြကရာ၌ ေတြ႕ႀကရမညစနေခၚမႈမားႏငပညာေရးတြငပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသတ႔၏သေဘာထားအျမငမားကေလလာမႈျပလပျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ-အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးႏငပတသက၍ႏငငတစဝနးရပညာေရးတြငပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသမား၏ေထာကခအားေပးမႈ၊ပပးကညမႈရရလာျခငး။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)34

Page 97: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

အႏစခပ 35

Page 98: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၁၀.၃။အေျခခပညာေရး-အခြငအလမး၊အရညအေသြးႏငလတငးအကးဝငမႈ

အရညအေသြးရအေျခခပညာ သငယမႈအခြငအလမးမားတးတကျမငမားေရးသည ျမနမာႏငငဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေရးႏငသာတညမမႈရေရးအတြကအေရးႀကးပါသည။ ၂၀၁၄ခႏစတြင ျပ႒ာနးခေသာ အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒသညႏငငသားတငး ပညာသငယဆညးပးႏငသည အခြငအေရးႏငအထးသျဖင အခမမသငမေနရ မလတနးပညာသငယခြငတ႔ကအသအမတျပထားသည။အဆပါဥပေဒတြငပညာေရးအရညအေသြး အာမခမႈစနစတစရပ ထေထာငရနလညး ျပ႒ာနးသတမတေပးထားၿပး သငယတနးအပါအဝငအေျခခပညာသငကာလက(၁၃)ႏစအထ တးျမႇငထားပါသည။ တငးရငးသားဘာသာစကားႏင ယဥေကးမႈကသငယခြငျပၿပး တငးရငးသားဘာသာစကားက စာသငခနးသးဘာသာစကားအျဖစ အသးျပရနခြငျပထားပါသည။ ထ႔ျပငအမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒတြငလတငးအကးဝငပညာေရး၏အဓပၸာယကဖြငဆထားၿပး ၎ႏငပတသက၍ ကတကဝတ

လညးျပထားပါသည။ ဗဟခပကငမႈေလာခထားေသာပညာေရးစနစက ဦးတညေဖာေဆာငရနလညး သတမတထားပါသည။ အစးရေကာငးမဟတသည တျခားေကာငးအမးအစားမားကလညး အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒက အသအမတျပထားပါသည။

လြနခေသာႏစမားအတြငး အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားတြင ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငမႈမား ရခေသာလညးစနေခၚမႈမားႏင ရငဆငေနရဆ ျဖစပါသည။ အဆပါစနေခၚမႈမားတြင ပညာသငယမႈအခြငအလမး၊ ေကာငးေနၿမမႈႏငလတငးအကးဝငမႈ၊ သာတညမမႈႏင ပညာေရးအရညအေသြးစႏႈနးမားျဖင ေကာငးအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈတ႔ပါဝငပါသည။

အေျခခပညာေရး- အခြငအလမး၊ အရညအေသြးႏငလတငးအကးဝငမႈဆငရာ မဟာဗဟာေျမာက အေျပာငးအလေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရနအျပနအလနဆကစပျဖညဆညးေပးသည မဟာဗဟာ(၃)ရပႏင အစအစဥမားကအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကပါမည-

မဟာဗဟာ (၁) ကေလးအားလးအခမအေျခခပညာကသငယခြငရရေစရနေဆာငရြကျခငး။

အစအစဥ - အခမအေျခခပညာကကေလးအားလးသငယခြငရရေစေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) အခြငအလမးနညးပါးေသာေဒသမားကအထးအေလးေပး၍တစႏငငလးတြငအဆငတးျမႇငရနႏငတးခ႕ရနလအပေသာ ေကာငးမားက ေဖာထတသတမတေရးႏင အခြငအလမး ကြာဟမႈမားက ေျဖရငးေဆာငရြကႏငေရးတ႔အတြက ပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြသမား အသးျပမည ခငမာေသာ အေထာကအထားအေျခခတစခ တညေဆာကႏငရနေကာငးမား၏ တညေနရာႏငေကာငးနယေျမ သတမတၿပး ေျမပေရးဆြျခငးႏင အေျခခပညာေကာငးမားဆငရာအေျခခသတငးအခကအလကမားေကာကယျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) သငယသမားသညအေျခခပညာသငယမႈအခြငအလမးပမရရေစရနဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈနညးပါးေသာေဒသမားကအထးအေလးေပး၍ လအပေသာ ေဒသမားတြင တညဆေကာငးမားတးခ႕ျခငး၊ ေကာငးမားအဆငတးျမႇငျခငးႏငေကာငးအသစမားေဆာကလပျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) အခြငအလမးနညးပါးေသာ ေဒသမားရ အေျခခပညာေကာငးမားက ဦးစားေပး၍ တစႏငငလးရေကာငးမားအတြကသငေထာကကပစၥညးမားပပးေပးျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- ကေလးအားလး ေယာကားေလး၊ မနးကေလးညတညမၽျဖင အေျခခပညာ မလတနး၊ အလယတနးႏငအထကတနးေကာငးမားတြငတကေရာကသငယၾကျခငး။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)36

Page 99: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

မဟာဗဟာ (၂) မသငမေနရႏငလတငးအကးဝငပညာေရးကအားေကာငးေစရနပပးျခငး။

အစအစဥ - မသငမေနရႏငလတငးအကးဝငပညာေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) ေကာငးထြကႏႈနးျမငမားေသာေကာငးမားတြင ကေလးမား ေကာငးတကေရာကေရး၊ ေကာငးသ႔ျပနလညဝငေရာကလာေရးႏငေကာငးေနၿမေရးတ႔အတြကနညးလမးမားႏငလပငနးစဥမားက ေဖာထတသတမတ၍ ေရ႕ေျပးစမးသပေဆာငရြကျခငးျဖင မသငမေနရ မလတနးပညာေရးကအားေကာငးေစျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) ကစားပညာေရး၊ ပညာသငေထာကပေၾကးေပးျခငး၊ ေကာငးတြငးအာဟာရေကြၽးေမြးျခငးႏင ဆငးရႏြမးပါးေသာ မသားစမားမကေလးမားအတြက အခြငအလမးႏင ဆကႏႊယသညကနကစရတ(opportunity cost)က ေျဖရငးေဆာငရြကျခငးျဖင ေကာငးထြကႏငေျခရေသာ ကေလးမားအတြကအေျခခပညာကသာတညမအခြငအလမးရရေရးပပးျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) အထးပညာေရး လအပခကမားရသညကေလးမားအတြကသငယမႈအခြငအလမးပမရရေစရနေဆာငရြကျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- ေကာငးသားမားသည အေျခခပညာ မလတနးအဆင၊ အလယတနးအဆငႏငအထကတနးအဆငပမၿပးေျမာကျခငး။

- ေကာငးျပငပေရာကကေလးမား ေကာငးတြငးသ႔ပမျပနလညဝငေရာကလာၿပးေကာငးေနၿမျခငး။

မဟာဗဟာ (၃) ေကာငးအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈစနစျဖင ေကာငးမား၏ အရညအေသြးကတးတကေစျခငး။

အစအစဥ - ေကာငးအရညအေသြး ဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) မႀကေကာငးမားႏငအေျခခပညာေကာငးမား၏ေကာငးပတဝနးကငႏငသကဆငေသာအျခငးအရာအားလးႏငစပလဥးသညအနမဆးအရညအေသြးစသတမတခကမားခမတထားေသာ ေကာငးအရညအေသြးစသတမတခကအာမခမႈအညႊနးေဘာငေရးဆြျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) ေကာငးအရညအေသြးစသတမတခက အာမခမႈအညႊနးေဘာငအရ ေကာငးဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေရး စမခကေရးဆြေဆာငရြကျခငးႏင အဆပါစမခကမားက ေကာငးအရညအေသြးေထာကပေၾကးမားေပးျခငးျဖငခတဆကျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) ေကာငးႏငဆငေသာကစၥရပမားတြင မဘရပရြာပါ၀ငမႈတးျမႇငရန၊ ဗဟခပကငမႈေလာခေသာ ဆးျဖတခကခမတမႈ အေလအထကငသးရနႏငသငၾကားသငယမႈ တးတကေကာငးမြနေစရနတ႔အတြက ေကာငးဦးေဆာငသမား၏စြမးရညကျမႇငတငေပးေရးသငတနးမားေပးျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- အရညအေသြး တးတကလာသညစာသငခနးမား၊ေကာငးမားတြငေကာငးသားမားသငယခြငရရျခငး။

အႏစခပ 37

Page 100: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၁၀.၄။အေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးအရညအေသြးရေသာအေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမး

သည ျမနမာႏငင၏ လမႈစးပြားေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈအတြက အဓကကေသာအေျခခအတျမစျဖစၿပး အရညအေသြးရသညပညာေရးလပငနးမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငႏငေရးႏငေကာငးသားမား၏သငယတတေျမာကမႈျမႇငတငေရးတ႔အတြကမရမျဖစလအပသည။

သင႐းညႊနးတမးျပျပငေျပာငးလရာတြငအဓက စနေခၚမႈတစရပမာေကာငးသားအားလးအေျခခပညာေရးၿပးဆးသညအထေကာငးေနလစတကလႈ႔ေဆာေပးႏငၿပးေကာငးသားမား၏ဘဝႏငဆကစပဆေလာေသာမလတနး၊အလယတနးႏငအထကတနးအဆငအေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစကေအာငျမငစြာေရးဆြအေကာငအထညေဖာႏငရနျဖစသည။

သ႔ျဖစ၍အေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးတြင ၂၁ ရာစကြၽမးကငမႈမား(21stCenturySkills)၊ေပါငးသငးဆကဆေရး၊ဉာဏရညဉာဏေသြး၊တစကယေရဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈႏငအလပအကငရရမႈဆငရာ ကြၽမးကငမႈမား (Soft Skills) ႏင အဆငျမင

စဥးစားေတြးေခၚမႈဆငရာ ကၽြမးကငမႈမား (Higher OrderThinkingSkills)ဖြ႕ၿဖးလာေစရနေဆာငရြကမညျဖစပါသည။

အေရးတႀကးလအပလကရသညမာ အေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစသည (က) စာသငႏစ တစႏစအတြငးတြင ဆရာမားအေနျဖင သင႐းညႊနးတမးပါအေၾကာငးအရာအားလးကၿခငမေစရနႏင(ခ)ေကာငးသားမားအေနျဖငလညးေခတႏငအညတးတကေျပာငးလလာေသာ ျမနမာႏငင၏လမႈေရးႏင စးပြားေရးလအပခကမားအရ သငေလာကကညသည အေတြးအေခၚ အယအဆသစမားက နားလညသေဘာေပါကၿပး အဆငျမငစဥးစားေတြးေခၚမႈဆငရာကြၽမးကငမႈမား ဖြ႕ၿဖးလာေစရနတ႔အတြကလေလာကေသာအခနရရရန သင႐းညႊနးတမးပါအေၾကာငးအရာမားကေလာခရမညျဖစပါသည။

အေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးဆငရာ မဟာဗဟာေျမာက အေျပာငးအလေပါကေျမာက ေအာငျမငေစရနအျပနအလနဆကစပျဖညဆညးေပးသည မဟာဗဟာ(၃)ရပႏင အစအစဥမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကပါမည-

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)38

Page 101: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

မဟာဗဟာ(၂) သင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစေရးဆြသမား၏ အတတပညာဆငရာစြမးေဆာငရညက ျမႇငတငေပးျခငး။

အစအစဥ- သင႐းညႊနးတမးဆငရာ စြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငေပးေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) ဆရာမားက သင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစဆငရာသငတနးပ႔ချခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) သင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစ ျပစေရးဆြေရးအဖြ႕မားအား စြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငေပးျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) သင႐းညႊနးတမးေရးဆြေရးအဖြ႕မား၏ပပးမႈျဖငတငးေဒသႀကးႏငျပညနယမားရတငးရငးသား ဘာသာစကား သင႐းညႊနးတမးေရးဆြသမား၏စြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငေပးျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- သင႐းညႊနးတမးေရးဆြေရးအဖြ႕မား(CurriculumDevelopmentTeams-CDTs)မ တတကြၽမးမႈမား (အသပညာ၊ ကြၽမးကငမႈမားႏငသေဘာထားမား)ကအသးျပ၍ ၂၁ ရာစ ကြၽမးကငမႈမား၊ ေပါငးသငးဆကဆေရး၊ ဉာဏရညဉာဏေသြး၊တစကယေရဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈႏင အလပအကငရရမႈဆငရာကြၽမးကငမႈမား၊အဆငျမငစဥးစားေတြးေခၚတတသညကြၽမးကငမႈမားပါဝငေသာအေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစႏငဆကစပသင႐းညႊနးတမးအေထာကအကျပပစၥညးမားကေရးဆြျခငး။

-အေျခခပညာသငဆရာမားမသင႐းသစမတဆကသငတနးမားတကေရာကၿပးေနာကသင႐းညြနးတမးအသစကသငၾကားရနအသငျဖစျခငး။

မဟာဗဟာ(၁)အေျခခပညာအဆငသင႐းညႊနးတမးက ၂၁ ရာစဆငရာကြၽမးကငမႈမား အေလးေပးၿပးေခတႏငေလာညေအာငျပနလညမြမးမျခငး။

အစအစဥ - အေျခခပညာ သင႐းညႊနးတမးျပနလညျပငဆငမြမးမေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) အေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစ ျပငဆငေရးဆြရာတြင သငယမႈ အသသညာ၊ျပနာေျဖရငးမႈျဖစစဥမားႏင အေျခခစညးမဥးစညးကမးမားကနားလည၍အသပညာဗဟသတရရ႐သာမက ေၾကာငးကးဆကစပ စဥးစားေတြးေခၚမႈကအေလးေပးျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) အတနးတြငးတကကြေသာသငၾကားသငယမႈျဖစစဥမား ျဖစလာေစရန သင႐းညႊနးတမးဆငရာသငၾကားသငယမႈအေထာကအကျပပစၥညးမားကအၿပးသတျပစေရးဆြျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၃)ႏငငသားအားလး၏ ဘာသာစကား၊ စာေပ၊ ယဥေကးမႈ၊ အႏပညာ၊ ႐းရာဓေလထးတမးအေမြအႏစမားက ထနးသမးေစာငေရာကတတရနတငးရငးသားဘာသာစကားသင႐းညႊနးတမးျပစေရးဆြျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ-ေကာငးသားမားအေနျဖင၂၁ရာစစြမးရညမားကအေလးေပးထားသညအေျခခပညာေရးသင႐းညႊနးတမးအေပၚတနဖးထားၿပးလလားမႈရျခငး။

- ဆရာႏငေကာငးသားမားသည ေကာငးသးစာအပႏင ဆရာလမးညႊနမားအစရသည သင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစဆငရာသငၾကားသငယမႈအေထာကအကျပပစၥညးမားက စတပါဝငစားစြာျဖင ေအာငျမငစြာအသးျပႏငျခငး။

အႏစခပ 39

Page 102: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

မဟာဗဟာ (၃) သင႐းညႊနးတမးစမခန႔ခြမႈစနစ၊ သင႐းညႊနးတမးေလလာႀကးၾကပအကျဖတျခငးစနစႏင သင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစဆငရာအသပညာေပးျခငးတ႔က ထေရာကစြာ အားျဖညေဆာငရြကျခငးျဖင သင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစက အေကာငအထညေဖာျခငး။

အစအစဥ-သင႐းညႊနးတမးစမခန႔ခြမႈစနစ၊သင႐းညႊနးတမးေလလာႀကးၾကပအကျဖတျခငးစနစႏငသင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစဆငရာ အသပညာေပးျခငးတ႔က ထေရာကစြာ အားျဖညေဆာငရြကျခငးျဖင သင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစက အေကာငအထညေဖာေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၁)အရညအေသြးပမေကာငးမြနသညသင႐းညႊနးတမးဆငရာပစၥညးမားျဖစေသာေကာငးသးစာအပ၊ဆရာလမးညႊနႏငသငၾကားသငယမႈအေထာကအကျပပစၥညးမားကေကာငးအားလးသ႔အခနမပႏပထတေဝျဖန႔ျဖးႏငသညစြမးေဆာငရညအပါအဝငသင႐းညႊနးတမးစမခန႔ခြမႈစနစကအားျဖညေပးျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၂)သင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစတြငအသးျပမည သငၾကားနညးသစမား၊ ေကာငးသးစာအပမား၊ ဆရာလမးညႊနမား၊သငၾကားသငယမႈအေထာကအကျပပစၥညးမားႏငစပလဥး၍မဘျပညသမားႏငပညာေရးတြငပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသမားအားမဒယာအမးမးမတစဆငသင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစဆငရာအသပညာေပးမႈအစအစဥမားအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၃)သင႐းညႊနးတမးေလလာႀကးၾကပအကျဖတျခငးစနစကအားျဖညေပးျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- သင႐းညႊနးတမးဌာနခြမ တာဝနရပဂၢလမားသည သင႐းအေကာငအထညေဖာမႈက အဆကမျပတေစာငၾကညႀကးၾကပျခငးျဖင အေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးက ေအာငျမငစြာ အေကာငအထညေဖာျခငးႏင လတတေလာေတြ႕ရရသည စနေခၚမႈမားက ခကခငးေျဖရငးျခငးႏင ေကာငးသးစာအပႏင ဆရာလမးညႊနမား အခနမျဖန႔ေဝႏငမႈကအဆကမျပတေစာငၾကညႀကးၾကပျခငးတ႔အကးဝငေသာအေျခခပညာသင႐းညြနးတမးကေအာငျမငစြာစမခန႔ခြႏငျခငး။

-အေျခခပညာဆရာမားသညသငၾကားသငယမႈအေထာကအကျပပစၥညးမား(ေကာငးသးစာအပမားႏငဆရာလမးညႊနမား)ကကြၽမးကငပငႏငစြာအသးချခငးျဖငသင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစကေအာငျမငစြာအေကာငအထညေဖာျခငး။

-အေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးကျပနလညသးသပျပငဆငအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကျခငးျဖငေကာငးသားမား၏တတေျမာကမႈတးတကလာျခငး။

-မဘျပညသမားအေနျဖငသင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစႏငစပလဥး၍နားလညလကခၿပးကညပပးေပးျခငး။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)40

Page 103: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

အႏစခပ 41

Page 104: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၁၀.၅။ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏငစာေမးပြမားကငးပျခငး

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနး၏ ပညာရည စစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးဆငရာ ျပျပငေျပာငးလေရးလပငနး၏အဓကလပငနးတစရပမာ အေၾကာငးအရာအခကအလကမားက အလြတကကမတေျဖဆရေသာ စာေမးပြစနစမ ဘဝတစသကတာသငယႏငမႈအတြက လအပေသာကြၽမးကငမႈ၊ေကာငးသားမား၏ပညာရညဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈ၊ႏငငေတာက ခမတထားေသာသငယမႈဆငရာစမားစသညေလလာသငယတးတကမႈအဆငဆငက စစေဆးအကျဖတေသာပမဟနခကညမသည စာေမးပြစနစသ႔ ျပျပငေျပာငးလရနျဖစသည။

ဤျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈလပငနးသည ႏငငတကာပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးဆငရာ သေတသနေတြ႕ရခကမားႏင ကကညဆေလာမႈရပါသည။ ဤလပငနးစဥတြင ေကာငးသားမား၏ စဥးစားေတြးေခၚမႈ၊ ျပနာေျဖရငးတတမႈႏင ကယတငေလလာသငယတတမႈစသည

အဆငျမငကြၽမးကငမႈမားကစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးတ႔ပါဝငပါသည။ ဤကြၽမးကငမႈမားသည ေကာငးသားမား၏ကယရညကယေသြးတးတကမႈႏင အသကေမြးဝမးေကာငးဆငရာ ဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈအတြက အမနတကယလအပေသာကြၽမးကငမႈမားျဖစသညအျပင အရညအေသြးျမငေသာကြၽမးကငလပသားအငအားစ ျဖစထြနးေပၚေပါကေရးအတြကလညး အေထာကအကျပပါသည။ ထေရာကေကာငးမြနေသာပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးစနစသညအကအညလအပေနေသာ ေကာငးသားမားႏင အေထာကအပလအပေနေသာ နယပယမားကသရေစၿပး ကညေထာကပမႈမားက ျပလပႏငသညအတြက သာတညမပညာေရးစနစျဖစထြနးေရးကလညးအေထာကအကျပႏငပါသည။

ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင စာေမးပြမားကငးပျခငးဆငရာ မဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရန အျပနအလနဆကစပျဖညဆညးေပးသညမဟာဗဟာ(၂)ရပႏင အစအစဥမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကပါမည-

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)42

Page 105: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

မဟာဗဟာ(၁)ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏငစာေမးပြမား တးတကေကာငးမြနေအာငျပျပငေျပာငးလျခငး။

အစအစဥ - အမးသားပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးမဝါဒဆငရာအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) အတနးတြငးစစေဆးျခငး၊ေကာငးအဆငစစေဆးျခငးစသည အေျခခပညာစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးမားက လႊမးၿခမႈရေသာအမးသားပညာရည စစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးဆငရာမ၀ါဒေရးဆြျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) ေကာငးသားမား၏ သငယတတေျမာကမႈက သငယစဥစစေဆးျခငးႏင သငယအၿပး စစေဆးျခငးမားျဖင သငယတတေျမာကမႈကတးတကေစမည အတနးတြငး စစေဆးအကျဖတျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) ေကာငးသားမား၏ သငယတတေျမာကမႈအရ အတနးတငေပးႏငရန ေကာငးအဆငစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၄) အေျခခပညာမလတနး၊အလယတနးႏင အထကတနးအဆင ၿပးေျမာကမႈစာေမးပြမား ကငးပျခငးက ခငလကးစားမႈရေသာစာေမးပြေမးခြနးမားျဖင ေကာငးသားမား၏တတေျမာကမႈအရညအခငးကစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၅) သတမတျပ႒ာနးထားေသာသင႐းညႊနးတမးမားက ေကာငးသားမား ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငစြာ သငယႏငမႈအတငးအတာကသရရန သေတသနျပစစေဆးေသာ နမနာအေျချပႏငငေတာအဆငစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- ဆရာမားႏင ပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြသမားသည ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးဆငရာအသပညာႏငကြၽမးကငမႈမားရရၿပးအမးသားပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးမဝါဒႏင လပငနးစဥမားက ေအာငျမငစြာ အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကႏငျခငး။

မဟာဗဟာ (၂) ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကမႈ၊စမခန႔ခြမႈႏငႀကးၾကပလမးညႊနမႈကအားေကာငးေစျခငး။

အစအစဥ - ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကမႈျမႇငတငေရး၊ စမခန႔ခြမႈႏင ႀကးၾကပလမးညႊနမႈတ႔က အားေကာငးေစေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) အေျခခပညာက႑ ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးလပငနးကေအာငျမငထေရာကစြာ ေဆာငရြကႏငေစရန ျမနမာႏငငစာစစဦးစးဌာနက လအပေသာပညာရငမားႏင ရငးျမစမားျဖငျပငဆငတးခ႕ဖြ႕စညးျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) အရညအေသြးရေသာ ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင စာေမးပြစနစက အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကႏငရန ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနေအာကရဦးစးဌာနမားမဝနထမးမား၏စြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငျခငးႏင ေကာငးသားမဘမားက အသပညာေပးျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) စာေမးပြဆငရာ သတငးအခကအလကမားက ပမတကမနကန ျမနဆနစြာေဆာငရြကႏငေစရန ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးဆငရာအငစတနညးပညာႏငဆကစပပစၥညးမားျဖညဆညးျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၄) အေျခခပညာမလတနး၊ အလယတနးႏင အထကတနးအဆငၿပးေျမာကမႈ စာေမးပြမားႏငနမနာအေျချပႏငငေတာအဆငစာေမးပြမားက ႀကးၾကပလမးညႊနသညအဖြ႕မား ဖြ႕စညးေဆာငရြကျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင စာေမးပြမားကငးပျခငးလပငနးမားတြင ပါဝငေဆာငရြကၾကမည ပညာေရးဆငရာပဂၢလမား၏ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကမႈ၊ စမခန႔ခြမႈႏင ႀကးၾကပလမးညႊနမႈမားပမတးတကေကာငးမြနလာျခငး။

အႏစခပ 43

Page 106: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၁၀.၆။ဆရာအတတပညာေရးႏငစမခန႔ခြမႈသငၾကားမႈအရညအေသြး တးတကေကာငးမြနေစျခငး

သညေကာငးသားမား၏ႏငငေတာအဆငသငယမႈစသတမတခကမားေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရနအတြကအလြနအေရးပါပါသည။ သ႔ျဖစရာ ဆရာအတတပညာေရးႏင စမခန႔ခြမႈဆငရာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားတြငေပါငးစညးေဆာငရြကေသာ နညးလမးက ကငသးေဆာငရြကရန လအပလာပါသည။ ကမၻာတစဝနး ႏငငအသးသးရ စြမးေဆာငရညျမငမားေသာ ပညာေရးစနစအားလးက ေလလာမညဆပါကပညာေရးရလဒမား တးတကေကာငးမြနေစေရးအတြကႀကးပမးရာတြငဆရာမား၏အခနးက႑သညပငမအခကအခာျဖစေနေၾကာငး ေတြ႕ရရပါသည။ ႏငငတကာသေတသနမားက ေကာငးသားမား၏ သငယမႈရလဒအေပၚတြငဆရာ၏သငၾကားျပသနညးသည အဓကအကဆးျဖစေၾကာငးေဖာျပထားပါသည။အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒ(၂၀၁၄)ႏငအမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒက ျပငဆငသညဥပေဒ (၂၀၁၅)တြင ဘကစလႊမးၿခေသာ ဆရာအတတပညာေရးႏင စမခန႔ခြမႈဆငရာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားအတြက ရငးလငးေသာဥပေဒမေဘာငတစရပကခမတထားပါသည။

လြနခေသာႏစမားတြင ဆရာမားေနရာခထားျခငးႏငရာထးတးျမႇငေပးျခငးတ႔က ဆရာ၏ စြမးေဆာငရညႏငခတဆကစဥးစားျခငးမျပဘလပသကအေပၚတြငသာအေျခခစဥးစားပါသည။ ဆရာမားသည အေျခခပညာေရးစနစအတြငးတြင မလတနးျပရာထးမ အဆငဆငရာထးတးျမႇငျခငး ခရပါသည။ သ႔ျဖစပါ၍ အရညအေသြးရ ဆရာမားအလအပဆးျဖစသည မလတနးေကာငးမားမ ဆရာမားသည ပညာေရးအဆင အသးသးသ႔ တစဆငျမ ႇငကးေျပာငးလပကငမႈမားျဖစေပၚလာပါသည။မၾကာျမငေသးသညႏစမားက အေဝးဆးေဒသမားရ မလတနးေကာငးမားသ႔ဆရာအတတပညာသငတနး တကေရာကရျခငး မရေသးသည ေန႔စားလေပး ဆရာမားက ခန႔ထားေစလႊတျခငးသည ထေဒသမားတြင အေတြ႕အႀကနညးေသာ ဆရာမားသာ ရေနသကသ႔ ျဖစေနပါသည။ အေျခခပညာေရးတြင သငယတနးပညာေရးၿပးသညေနာက ပညာသငႏစစစေပါငးကာလ (၁၂)ႏစသ႔ တးျမႇငမညျဖစေသာေၾကာငလအပေသာ ဆရာမားခန႔ထားေရးအတြက အေထာကအထား အေျချပ ဆရာစမခန႔ခြမႈ၊ စမကနးေရးဆြမႈႏငဆရာေနရာခထားမႈစနစကအသးျပရမညျဖစပါသည။

သင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစေပၚထြကလာသညအခါ ျပ႒ာနးစာအပအသစမားကမတဆကျခငးႏငအတသငၾကားနညးေျပာငးလျခငးမားႏငသငၾကားသငယမႈပစၥညးမားအသးျပသငၾကားတတေစရနအတြက တစႏငငလးရ ဆရာမားအားအရညအေသြးရၿပး ကနကစရတႏင ထေရာကေသာလပငနးခြငသငတနးမား ပ႔ခေလကငေပးႏငရန လအပပါသည။

ထ႔ျပငလပငနးခြငအႀကဆရာအတတပညာေရးနယပယတြငသေဘာတရားႏငလကေတြ႕ကေပါငးစပသငၾကားတတရနႏင ျပနလညသးသပသည အေလအကငရရရနအျပနအလနျဖညဆညးမႈရေသာ ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားလအပပါသည။

ဆရာအတတပညာေရးႏင စမခန႔ခြမႈဆငရာမဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလ ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရနအျပနအလနဆကစပျဖညဆညးေပးသည မဟာဗဟာ(၃)ရပႏင အစအစဥမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကပါမည-

မဟာဗဟာ (၁) ဆရာအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈႏငစမခန႔ခြမႈပမေကာငးမြနတးတကေစျခငး။

အစအစဥ - ဆရာအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈႏငစမခန႔ခြမႈဆငရာအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးတြငဆရာအတတပညာေရးႏငစမခန႔ခြမႈဆငရာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာရနအတြကဆရာကယစားလယမားအေနျဖငအႀကျပႏင၊ပပးမႈျပလပႏငရန ဆရာအတတပညာေရးေကာငစဖြ႕စညးျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၂)အရညအေသြးရေသာသငၾကားေရးႏင ေကာငးသားမား၏ သငယမႈတြင တငးတာ၍ရႏငေသာ တးတကမႈမားက ဆရာမား တာဝနယႏငေရးႏငစပလဥးသည ဆရာအရညအေသြး အာမခမႈအတြကစနစတစရပထေထာငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) စမခန႔ခြမႈ ပမေကာငးမြနရနႏင သငေလာသည ဆရာ၊ ေကာငးသားအခးရရရနဆရာျဖညဆညးခန႔ထားျခငး၊ ရာထးတးျမႇငေပးျခငးႏင ေနရာခထားျခငးဆငရာ သာတညမ ေဆာငရြကေသာစနစတစရပေရးဆြအေကာငအထညေဖာျခငး။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)44

Page 107: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

မဟာဗဟာ (၂) လပငနးခြငအႀက ဆရာအတတပညာေရးအရညအေသြးတးျမႇငျခငး။

အစအစဥ - လပငနးခြငအႀကဆရာအတတပညာေရးအရညအေသြးျမႇငတငေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနး အေျခခပညာျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈႏငအညဆရာအတတပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးႏင သငတနးပစမားကကာလတအတြကျပနလညျပငဆငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) ပညာေရးေကာလပမားရ (၂)ႏစသငတနးအစအစဥမားက အထးျပဘြ႕အစအစဥမားအျဖစသ႔အဆငျမႇငတငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) ဆရာအတတပညာသငသငတနးသားမား၏ သငၾကားမႈအေလအကငကတးတကေစေသာ သငယေလလာမႈမားကအသးခႏငသည အခြငအလမးႏင လကေတြ႕သငၾကားမႈ ျပလပသညအခါလအပေသာသးသပအႀကျပခကမားရရႏငရနအတြက မတဖကေကာငးမား သတမတျခငးႏငလကေတြ႕တနးျပဆငးျခငးအစအစဥက ျပျပငေျပာငးလျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၄) ဆရာအတတပညာသငဌာနမား၏စမခန႔ခြမႈႏငအပခပမႈကအားေကာငးေစျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- ဆရာအတတပညာလကမတႏငပညာေရးဘြ႕ရရၿပးသ ဆရာမားသည ဆရာႏငေကာငးသား အျပနအလန ေျပာဆသငၾကားေသာနညးျဖင အေျခခပညာေကာငးမားတြင သငၾကားေပးျခငးႏင ဆရာတတကြၽမးမႈအညႊနးေဘာငပါစသတမတခကမားကျပညမျခငး။

- ဆရာအတတပညာသငဌာနမားတြင ျပျပငေရးဆြၿပးေသာသင႐းညႊနးတမးျဖငသငၾကားျခငး။

- အထးျပဘြ႕အပႏငးႏငေသာ သငတနးမားဖြငလစသငၾကားျခငး။

မဟာဗဟာ(၃)လပငနးခြငဆရာအတတပညာဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈအရညအေသြးတးျမႇငျခငး။

အစအစဥ -ဆရာအတတပညာဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၁) ဆရာအတတပညာ ဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈအစအစဥက ေအာငျမငစြာ အေကာငအထညေဖာရနႏငလအပေသာစြမးရညမားကေရရညေပးႏငရန အမးသားဆရာအတတပညာ ဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈဗဟဌာန(NationalCentreforTeacherProfessionalDevelopment-NCTPD)ဖြ ႔စညးျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) ၿမ႕နယတစခစရ သတမတထားေသာ ေကာငးအပစမ ဆရာမားက ေရရညလပငနးခြငဆရာအတတပညာသငတနးႏင ႀကးၾကပလမးညႊနပပးႏငရနအတြက ဆရာအတတပညာ ဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈအစအစဥေရးဆြျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၃)ႏငငတစဝနးတြငအေျခခပညာသင႐းညႊနးတမးအသစအတြကကာလတလပငနးခြငသငတနးေပးျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- လပငနးခြငအတြငးရ ဆရာမားသည ကညလမးညႊနသငတနးေပးသမား၏ သငၾကားလမးညႊနမႈလပငနးမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာရာတြငတကကြစြာပါဝင၍ဆရာႏငေကာငးသားအျပနအလနေျပာဆ သငၾကားေသာနညးျဖင အေျခခပညာေကာငးမားတြင သငၾကားေပးႏငမညအျပင ဆရာတတကြၽမးမႈ အညႊနးေဘာငပါ စသတမတခကမားကျပညမျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ - ဆရာမားသည ဆရာအတတပညာသငတနးမား တကေရာကၿပးေနာက ဆရာတတကြၽမးမႈအညႊနးေဘာငပါ ကြၽမးကငမႈအဆငမားရရျခငး။

- ဆရာခန႔ထားေရး၊ ေနရာခထားေရး၊ ရာထးတးမဝါဒႏငစနစတ႔က ခမတအေကာငအထညေဖာျခငးျဖငဆရာမားတြငသာတညမအခြငအလမးမားရရျခငး။

အႏစခပ 45

Page 108: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၁၀.၇။ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရး

ေကာငးထြကသြားေသာသမားတြငပမေကာငးမြနေသာအနာဂတတစခအတြကအထပါရမ၊စြမးရညႏငရညမနးခကမားရၾကသညျဖစရာလကေတြ႕ဘဝႏငယဥလကစစဥေရးဆြထားေသာေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးလမးေၾကာငးမားျဖငလငယမားသညအေျခခပညာအထကတနး၊နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏင ေလကငေရး၊ အဆငျမငပညာမားက လပငနးခြငဝငေရာကႏငသညအထသငယခြငရရလငမားစြာအကးေကးဇးရရမညျဖစပါသည။

ကမၻာႏငငမားတြင ေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာပညာေရးသည စြမးေဆာငရညျမငမားေသာ ပညာေရးစနစတစရပလး၏ အဓကအစတအပငးတစခ ျဖစပါသည။ေကာငးပညာေရးစနစႏင ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးစနစကြာျခားသညမာေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးစနစသည အေၾကာငးအမးမးေၾကာင ပမနေကာငးပညာေရး သငယခြငရရရန အခကအခရသမား၏လအပခကမားက ျဖညဆညးေပးႏငရန အတြက အေျခအေနႏင ေလာညစြာ လကေလာေဆာငရြကေပးႏငမႈပငျဖစသည။ သ႔ရာတြင ေကာငးပညာေရးစနစႏင ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးစနစတ႔အၾကားတြငအဓကတညေသာ အခကရပါသည။ ၎မာ စနစႏစခအၾကားသငယမႈမားက လြယကစြာကးေျပာငးႏငေစရနမရမျဖစလအပေသာ အရညအေသြးစႏႈနးမား တညမႈရျခငးပငျဖစသည။

လကရျမနမာပညာေရးစနစသညသငယသအားလး၏လအပခကႏင ကကညမႈအားနညးေနပါသည။ ခန႔မနးေျခ(အသက၅ႏစမ၁၆ႏစအတြငး)ကေလးေပါငး(၂.၇)သနးခန႔သည ေကာငးဝငေရာကမႈမရသမားႏင ေကာငးထြကသြားေသာကေလးမား ျဖစၾကပါသည။ ထ႔ျပင (၁၅)ႏစအထက သကႀကး (၃.၅) သနးခန႔သည စာမတတသမားျဖစၾကပါသည။

ေကာငးျပငပေရာကလငယမားသည ႏငင၏ထတလပမႈႏင ယဥၿပငမႈတ႔က ႀကးမားစြာအကးျပႏငၿပး ႏငငအတြငးလအပေနေသာ ကြၽမးကငမႈမားက ကညျဖညဆညးေပးႏငသည အလားအလာရေသာ စြမးအားစလညးျဖစပါသည။ အဆပါလငယမားက သငယမႈႏင အလပအကငေမာမနးခကကေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရနေနာကထပအခြငအေရးတစခအျဖစ ဖနတးေပးရပါမည။ သ႔ျဖစရာပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည ေကာငးျပငပေရာက လငယမားအား တတကြၽမးမႈႏင ယၾကညစတခမႈက ေပးစြမးႏင

မဟာဗဟာ(၁)ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကမႈႏငစမခန႔ခြမႈလပငနးမားကျမႇငတငျခငး။

အစအစဥ-ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကေရးႏငစမခန႔ခြေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၁)အစးရႏင အစးရမဟတေသာေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးေဆာငရြကသမား၊ ရပရြာအေျချပအဖြ႕အစညးမားႏင ပဂၢလကက႑မားထေရာက၍အကးသကေရာကမႈျဖစေစေသာပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကမႈတ႔က ပပးကညရနအတြကအမးသားအဆင ေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာပညာေရး ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကမႈေကာမတဖြ႕စညးျခငး၊ေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာ ပညာေရးမဝါဒေရးဆြျခငးႏင ေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာ ပညာေရးဥးစးဌာန၏စြမးေဆာငႏငရညျမႇငတငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၂)ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရး ဝနေဆာငမႈလပငနးမားက သာတညမမႈရေအာငလပေဆာငႏငေစရန အမးသားအဆငေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာ ပညာေရးဆငရာအေျခခအခကအလကႏင အခကအလကမားကစေဆာငးထားေသာစနစတစခထေထာငျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနႏငအစးရမဟတေသာ အဖြ႕အစညးမားသည ေကာငးျပငပေရာက သငယသမားအတြက အရညအေသြးရေသာ ေကာငးျပငပ မလတနးႏင အလယတနးပညာေရး တနးညႇအစအစဥမားႏင တျခား ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးအစအစဥမားကေဆာငရြကႏငျခငး။

မည လကလမးမႏငေသာေရြးခယမႈ ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာ ပညာေရးလမးေၾကာငးမားက ဖနတးေပးရပါမည။သ႔မသာပမေကာငးမြနေသာလပအားခႏငတစသကတာ သငယမႈအခြငအလမးမားက တခါးဖြငေပးရာလညးေရာကပါမည။

ေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာ ပညာေရးဆငရာသငတနးမား တကေရာကႏငမႈ အခြငအလမးမားႏငလပငနးခြငသ႔ သြားႏငမည လမးသြယမားျပပက ပ(၁၀.၂)တြငေဖာျပထားပါသည။

ေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာ ပညာေရးဆငရာမဟာဗဟာေျမာက အေျပာငးအလေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရန အျပနအလနဆကစပျဖညဆညးေပးသည မဟာဗဟာ (၃)ရပႏင အစအစဥမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကပါမည-

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)46

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မဟာဗဟာ(၂)ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးဆငရာ နညးလမးေပါငးစျဖင သငယခြငတးခ႕ေပးျခငး။

အစအစဥ-ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးဆငရာနညးလမးေပါငးစျဖငသငယခြငအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၁) မလတနးေကာငးထြကမႈအမားဆးရသည အခြငအလမးနညးပါးေသာ ေဒသမားတြင ေကာငးျပငပမလတနးပညာေရးတနးညႇအစအစဥႏင အေျခခ စာတတေျမာကေရးလပငနးအကးျပစာတတေျမာကေရးလပငနးမားတးခ႕ျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) ေကာငးျပငပ အလယတနးပညာေရးအစအစဥက တစႏငငလးအတငးအတာျဖင အစးရႏင အစးရမဟတေသာ အဖြ႕အစညးမား၊ပဂၢလကအဖြ႕အစညးမားႏငပးေပါငး၍ေရ႕ေျပးစမးသပေဆာငရြကၿပး အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၃)ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရး လမးေၾကာငးျဖင ေကာငးျပငပေရာကလငယမားအား နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး၊ အဆငျမငပညာေရးက ဆကလကသငယလသမားႏင လပငနးခြငဝငေရာကလသမားအတြက အမးသားအဆင လငယပညာေရးေအာငလကမတအစအစဥေဆာငရြကျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ-ေကာငးျပငပမလတနး၊အလယတနးပညာေရး တနးညႇအစအစဥ၊ အစးရခြငျပေသာတျခား ေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာပညာေရးအစအစဥမားတြင တကေရာကေသာ ေကာငးသားမားေအာငျမငၿပး စဥဆကမျပတ ေလလာ သငယျခငးက စြမးေဆာငႏငရန ၎တ႔၏ေအာငျမငမႈကအသအမတျပသည အစးရအသအမတျပ ေအာငလကမတမားကရရထားျခငး။

မဟာဗဟာ(၃)ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးလပငနးမား၏ အရညအေသြးက အားေကာငးေအာငျမႇငတငျခငး။

အစအစဥ -အရညအေသြးရေသာ ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနမ အဆငျမငစမခန႔ခြသမားအေနျဖငေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးလပငနးေဆာငရြကမႈႏင စပလဥး၍မနကနတကယၾကညကးစားႏငေသာအခကအလကမားကအသးျပႏငေစရန ႏငငေတာအဆင ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးအရညအေသြးစအကျဖတမႈအညႊနးေဘာငေရးဆြျပစျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၂)ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးစနစတြင တျခားသငယမႈ လမးေၾကာငးမားသငယခြငကေကာငးသားမားအားရရေစရနအမးသားအဆငေအာငလကမတစနစကေရးဆြျပစျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၃)ဆရာအတတပညာတတကြၽမးမႈမားႏင ဆရာအတတပညာသငတနး အစအစဥကေရးဆြျပစျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- ေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာပညာေရး ဝနေဆာငမႈေပးသမားသည ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးအေကာငအထညေဖာမႈကတးတကေကာငးမြနေစရနႏင အနမဆး အမးသားအရညအေသြးစသတမတခကက ျပညမလာေစရနအတြက ႏစစဥအရညအေသြးစ အကျဖတမႈမ ေတြ႕ရခကမားကအသးျပႏငျခငး။

အႏစခပ 47

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M

95

P

မလတနးပညာေရး တနးညႇ အစအစဥ ေအာငလကမတ

အလယတနးပညာေရး တနးညႇအစအစဥ

(၃ ႏစ)အလယတနးပညာေရး

တနးညႇအစအစဥ ေအာငလကမတ

စာတတေျမာကမႈပညာေရး

မလတနးပညာေရး တနးညႇ အစအစဥ

(၂ ႏစ)

မလတနးေကာငး ပညာေရး (၅ ႏစ)

ေကာငးျပငပႏင

တစသကတာ

ပညာေရးသ႔ ဝငေရာကမႈ

လမးေၾကာငးမား

အလယတနးေကာငး ပညာေရး (၄ ႏစ)

ပဥၥမတနးအဆင စာေမးပြ ေအာငျမငျခငး

နဝမတနးအဆင စာေမးပြ ေအာငျမငျခငး

ပ (၁၀.၂) ေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာ ပညာေရး လမးသြယမားျပပ

စာတတေျမာကမႈ ေအာငလကမတ

L

အလပအကင

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)48

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EE

ER

N

C

TVET (ေကာငးပညာေရး၊ ေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာ

ပညာေရး)

အမးသားအဆင လငယပညာေရး ေအာငလကမတ

အမးသားအဆင လငယပညာေရး ေအာငလကမတ

ခးျမႇငေရး သငတနးအစအစဥ

အထကတနးေကာငး ပညာေရး (၃ ႏစ)

အဆငျမငပညာေရး

သငယျခငးၿပးေျမာကမႈ ေအာငလကမတ

ရယျခငး (အေျခခပညာ သင႐းၫႊနးတမးအသစ)

ဝငခြငစာေမးပြ ေအာငျမငျခငး

အလပအကင

ဝငခြငလအပခကမား ျပညမျခငး

အႏစခပ 49

Page 112: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၁၀.၈။နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး

နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး၏အဓကရညရြယခကမာ သငယသတ႔အား အလပအကငရရရနႏင အသကေမြးဝမးေကာငးျပႏငရနအတြက အသပညာရပမား၊ကြၽမးကငမႈမားႏငတတကြၽမးမႈမားကသငၾကားေပးျခငးျဖစပါသည။အရညအေသြးျမငမားေသာနညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးသည လပငနးကြၽမးကငၿပး အရညအေသြးရေသာလပသားမားက ေမြးထတေပးႏင၍ ႏငငေတာ၏ စဥဆကမျပတဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈကအေထာကအကျဖစေစပါသည။

ျမနမာႏငင၏ နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးစနစသည စးပြားေရးက႑အသးသးရ စကမႈကနထတလပငနးမားႏင ဝနေဆာငမႈလပငနးမားအတြကအရညအေသြးျမငမားေသာလပသားအငအားစကေမြးထတႏငရနႏငကြၽမးကငလပသားမားသညလညးအာဆယႏငငမားႏင ႏငငတကာ၏ ကြၽမးကငမႈစမားႏင ရငေပါငတနးႏငရနလအပပါသည။ႏငင၏စးပြားေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈအားနညးေနေသာက႑မားတြငကယပငလပငနးတညေထာငလသမားႏငအလပအကငအခြငအလမးမားရာေဖြေနသမားအတြကလညး သငေလာဆေလာမႈရေသာ လအပခကအေျချပနညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးသငတနးမားဖြငလစသြားရနလအပလကရပါသည။၂၀၁၅ခႏစတြငႏငင၏စကပးေရးက႑၊ စြမးအငက႑၊ ကနထတလပမႈက႑၊အေျခခအေဆာကအအႏငဟတယႏငခရးသြားက႑တ႔တြငကြၽမးကငလပသားမားစြာလအပလကရခပါသည။

နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးဆငရာသငတနးမားတကေရာကႏငမႈအခြငအလမးမားႏငလပငနးခြငသ႔သြားႏငမညလမးသြယမားျပပကပ(၁၀.၃)တြငေဖာျပထားပါသည။

နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးက႑ဆငရာ မဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလ ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရန အျပနအလနဆကစပျဖညဆညးေပးသညမဟာဗဟာ (၃) ရပႏင အစအစဥမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကပါမည-

မဟာဗဟာ(၁)နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးသ႔တကေရာကလသမား (မသနစြမးသမား၊ အခြငအလမးနညးပါးေသာသမားစသညတ႔အပါအဝင) သငယႏငေသာ အခြငအလမးမားတးခ႕ေဆာငရြကျခငး။

အစအစဥ-တစတစညးတညးျဖစသညနညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး အစအစဥကေဖာေဆာငေပးမညနညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးသငတနးမားသ႔ ပမတကေရာကႏငမႈအခြငအလမးမားဖနတးေပးေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး၏ လမးသြယမားျပပတြငေဖာျပထားေသာ အခြငအလမးပငးဆငရာ လမးေၾကာငးမားကစစညးထားေသာစနစတစခေဖာေဆာငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂)လကရသငၾကားလကရေသာကာလရညသငတနးမား၏ စြမးေဆာငရညက ပမေကာငးမြနေအာငေဆာငရြကျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) ေကာငးျပငပေရာကရေနေသာသမားသာမက လပငနးခြငေရာက ကြၽမးကငမႈမရေသာသမားႏငကြၽမးကငမႈလအပေသာသမားအတြက ကြၽမးကငမႈအေျချပကာလတသငတနးမားဖြငလစျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၄) ျမနမာႏငင၏ နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးအတြက စနမနာျဖစေစရနႏင လအပေသာ သေတသနလပငနးမား၊တထြငဆနးသစမႈမားပါ လပေဆာငရနအတြကCentreofExcellence(COE)သငတနးဌာနႏစခကရနကနတငးႏငမႏေလးတငးေဒသႀကးတ႔တြငဖြငလစျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၅)အခြငအလမးနညးပါးေသာသမားအတြကပညာသငေထာကပေၾကးႏငပညာသငဆပမေပးျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ-နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးသ႔တကေရာကလသအမားစအတြကသငယမႈအခြငအလမးပမရရလာေစျခငး။

- နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးကၿမ႕ျပသငယမႈအခြငအလမးအတငး ေကးလကေဒသမားတြငလညးသငယႏငေသာအခြငအလမးမားပမရရလာေစျခငး။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)50

Page 113: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

- နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးတြင အဆငတစခမတစခသ႔ ကးေျပာငးခတဆကသငၾကားႏငမညအခြငအလမးမားပမရရလာေစျခငး။

-နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးကတကေရာကသမားအတြကပညာသငေထာကပေၾကးႏင ပညာသငဆမား ပမေပးေရး အစအစဥမားအေကာငအထညေဖာႏငျခငး။

- နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးမ အဆငျမင ပညာေရးသ႔ ကးေျပာငးခတဆကသငၾကားႏငမညအခြငအလမးမားပမရရလာေစျခငး။

မဟာဗဟာ (၂) နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး အရညအေသြးပမေကာငးမြနေစရနႏင လပငနးခြငလအပခက ကကညေစရနေဆာငရြကျခငး။

အစအစဥ - နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးဆငရာ အရညအေသြးပမေကာငးမြနေရးႏငလပငနးခြငလအပခကကကညေစေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၁) နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး သငတနးေကာငးႏငဆငေသာ စမအပခပသမားအတြက စြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငမႈသငတနးမားဖြငလစျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး၏ လပငနးခြငအႀက၊လပငနးခြငေရာက ဆရာမားအတြက သငၾကားမႈအတတပညာသငတနးမားႏငလကေတြ႕ကြၽမးကငမႈနညးပညာသငတနးမားဖြငလစျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) အရညအေသြးျပညဝေသာသငတနးဆငးမားျဖစလာေစရနအတြက သငတနးေကာငးႏင စက႐၊ အလပ႐၊ အလပဌာနအျပနအလနသငၾကားေရးအစအစဥေဆာငရြကျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၄) စာေတြ႕ႏငလကေတြ႕အခးညမၽၿပး ေဒသလအပခကႏင ကကညေသာနညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏင ေလကငေရးသင႐းညႊနးတမးမားေရးဆြေဖာထတျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၅) နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး အရညအေသြးမေဘာင၊အမးသားကြၽမးကငမႈစမား၊ ကြၽမးကငမႈအေျချပသင႐းညႊနးတမးမား ေရးဆြျခငးႏင သငတနးေကာငးမားႏငတစဦးခငးစကအသအမတျပလကမတမားထတေပးျခငးလပငနးေဆာငတာမားပါဝငသညအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈစနစထေထာငျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ - နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏင ေလကငေရး စမအပခပသမား၊ စမေရးရာဝနထမးမားအေနျဖင နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးသငတနးေကာငးမား၏ စမခန႔ခြမႈဆငရာလပငနးမားက ပမတးတကေကာငးမြနလာေစျခငး။

- လပငနးခြငအႀကႏင လပငနးခြငေရာက ဆရာမားသည ကြၽမးကငမႈစမားႏငအည သငၾကားႏငေသာဆရာမားျဖစလာေစျခငး။

- စက႐၊ အလပ႐၊ အလပဌာနမားမလအပေသာကြၽမးကငမႈႏငကကညေသာသမားအျဖစ ေလကငသငၾကားေပးႏငျခငး။

- ေဒသလအပခကႏငကကညေသာသင႐းညႊနးတမးမားေရးဆြႏငျခငး။

- နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးသငတနးေကာငးမားသည အရညအေသြး အာမခခကရၿပးသငတနးၿပးဆးသြားသမားသညကြၽမးကငမႈစမားႏငကကညေသာသမားျဖစလာေစျခငး။

အႏစခပ 51

Page 114: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

မဟာဗဟာ (၃) နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးဆငရာ စမခန႔ခြမႈက ပမေကာငးမြနေအာငေဆာငရြကျခငး။

အစအစဥ - နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးဆငရာစမခန႔ခြေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးဆငရာ စမခန႔ခြမႈ ထေရာကေကာငးမြနလာေစရန၊ ေျပာငးလေနေသာ လပသားေဈးကြက၏ လအပခကႏငအည အရညအေသြးပမေကာငးမြနလာေစရနႏင သကေမြးသငတနးတကေရာကမႈ အခြငအလမးမား ပမရရေစႏငရနအတြက တစတစညးတညးျဖစၿပး ခတဆကေဆာငရြကမႈ အားေကာငးလာေစေသာ စနစတစခေရးဆြေဖာေဆာငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) နညးပညာႏင သကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးေကာငစႏင ေဒသဆငရာသကေမြးပညာရပ အႀကေပးအဖြ႕မား ဖြ႕စညးတညေထာငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) ဘ႑ာေငြခြေဝသးစြမႈႏငပတသက၍ အမားျပညသမား ထငသာျမငသာ ရေစၿပးထထေရာကေရာကသးစြႏငေရးအတြကဘ႑ာေရးဆငရာစမခန႔ခြမႈႏင ႀကးၾကပလမးညႊနမႈစနစ တစခေဖာေဆာငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၄) ျမနမာႏငင၏ ေျပာငးလေနေသာနညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးစနစႏင လပသားေစးကြကအေျခအေနမားေကာငးမြနစြာ သရနားလညႏငရနအတြက လအပေသာသတငးအခကအလကမားေကာကယစစညး၍သကဆငရာတာဝနရသမားမ မဝါဒခမတရာတြငအေထာကအကျဖစေစရနအတြက သတငးအခကအလကစမခန႔ခြပစနစတစခေဖာေဆာငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၅)သကဆငရာတာဝနရသမားကမဝါဒခမတရာတြင အေထာကအကျဖစေစရနအတြကကြၽမးကငမႈအမးအစားမား၊ ေဒသအလက အလပအကငလအပခကမား၊ဆရာလအပခကမား၊သငၾကားေရးနညးစနစႏင သငေထာကကပစၥညးမား၊ ေခတမသကေမြးပညာရပမားစသညတ႔ႏင ပတသကေသာနညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးဆငရာသေတသနလပငနးမားလပေဆာငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၆) အရညအေသြးရေသာနညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးဝနေဆာငမႈလပငနးမား ပမေပၚေပါကလာေစရနႏငအစးရႏငပဂၢလက ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကမႈ ပမအားေကာငးလာေစရနအတြကအစးရႏငပဂၢလကပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကမႈအစအစဥမား အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ - ဝနႀကးဌာနအခငးခငး၊ ဝနႀကးဌာနမားႏင ပဂၢလကက႑မားအခငးခငးပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကႏငမႈက နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးေကာငစမညႇႏႈငးေပးျခငး။-လအပေသာဘ႑ာေငြမားကအဆငေျပေခာေမြ႕စြာ သးစြႏငေရးအတြက ဘ႑ာေရးစမခန႔ခြမႈ ပမထေရာကေကာငးမြနလာေစျခငး။- သတငးအခကအလကစမခန႔ခြမႈစနစ ပမေကာငးမြနလာေစျခငးႏင စမခန႔ခြသမားအေနျဖင သတငးအခကအလက ေလလာဆနးစစျခငး၊ အေထာကအထားအေျချပအစရငခစာမား ေရးသားျခငးႏငဆးျဖတခက ခမတျခငးမား ပမေကာငးမြနစြာလပေဆာငလာႏငျခငး။- သကဆငရာတာဝနရသမားႏင လပငနးရငကယစားလယမားသည လပငနးစမခကမားႏင မဝါဒမား ပမခငမာလာေစရနအတြက သေတသနျပလပထားေသာအခကအလကမားကအသးျပလာႏငျခငး။- အစးရႏငပဂၢလက ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကမႈ လပငနးအစအစဥမား အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကျခငးျဖင နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးအရညအေသြးႏငအခြငအလမးပမေကာငးမြနလာျခငး။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)52

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အႏစခပ 53

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အလယတနးေကာငး အထကတနးေကာငး

နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး

အထကတနးေကာငး (နညးပညာ၊ စကပးေရး၊

ေမြးျမေရး၊ ခရးသြား လပငနး စသည)

လပငနးခြင

ကာလတသငတနး

အထးျပပညာရပ ေပါငးကးအစအစဥ

ဝငခြင

၀ငခြင

အဆင ၁ အဆင ၂

လပငနးခြငလြတလပစြာ

တကေရာကခြင (မညသည

ေကာငး သ႔မဟတ လပငနးခြငမမဆ)

လပငနးခြင

အဆင ၃

မလတနးေကာငး

ပ (၁၀.၃) နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးလမးသြယမားျပပ

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)54

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ဝငခြင

လပငနးခြင

လပငနးခြင

နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးသပၸ

(နညးပညာ၊ စကပးေရး၊ ေမြးျမေရး၊ ခရးသြားလပငနး

စသည)

ကာလတသငတနး

အဆငျမငပညာေရး

အဆငျမငပညာေရး

ဝငခြင

ဝငခြင

ဝငခြင

ဝငခြင

အႀကသငတနးေပး အစအစဥ

လပငနးခြင

အလပႏင ဘဝတစသကတာ

သငယမႈ

အဆင ၄

အႏစခပ 55

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မဟာဗဟာ (၁) အဆငျမငပညာေရး၏ အပခပမႈႏငစမခန႔ခြမႈအားေကာငးေစျခငး။

အစအစဥ-အဖြ႕အစညးဆငရာစြမးေဆာငရညတးျမႇငေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) အေလအကငေကာငးမားကမတသားထားရနႏင ႏငငတကာတကသလမား၊သေတသနဗဟဌာနမား၊ တျခားအဆငျမငပညာေကာငးမားႏငမတဖကမားထေထာငရနႏငငျခားေလလာေရးခရးစဥမားေစလႊတျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၂)အဆငျမငပညာေရးအပခပမႈႏငစမခန႔ခြမႈတ႔က တးတကေကာငးမြနေစရနတစဦးခငးအလကကြၽမးကငမႈမားကတညေဆာကရနႏင အဖြ႕အစညးဆငရာ စြမးေဆာငရညမားကအားေကာငးေစရန အမးသားအဆငျမငပညာဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးေကာငးတစေကာငးတညေထာငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) တကသလပဋညာဥစာတမးမားေရးဆြျခငးႏင တကသလေကာငစမား ဖြ႕စညးျခငးအားျဖင အဆငျမငပညာေကာငးမား၏ စမအပခပမႈကအားေကာငးေစျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၄)ပမထေရာကမႈရၿပးစြမးေဆာငရညရသညစမခန႔ခြမႈ၊ကနကသညေငြေၾကးႏငအညထကတနေသာ အကးရလဒရရမႈႏင အရညအေသြးရအဆငျမငပညာသငယခြင ထငရားစြာ တးတကလာေစရန အဆငျမငပညာေကာငးမား၏ ကယပငစမခန႔ခြခြငႏငတာဝနခမႈအားေကာငးေစျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၅) အဆငျမငပညာေရးအတြကအမးသားအဆင အရညအေသြးစခနစညႊနးမားသတမတရာတြင ဦးေဆာငေပးရနႏငအဆငျမငပညာေကာငးအားလး၏ အရညအေသြးက အာမခသညစစေဆးအကျဖတမႈမားေဆာငရြကရန အဆငျမငပညာအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈေအဂငစတစခဖြ႕စညးျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- အရညအေသြးျပညမေသာအဆငျမငပညာသငယခြငကပမရရေစရနပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနႏငဆကစပဝနႀကးဌာနမားရအဆငျမငပညာေကာငးမားမ စမခန႔ခြေရးအရာထမးမား၏ပပးမႈျဖငအပခပမႈႏငစမခန႔ခြမႈကအားေကာငးေစျခငး။

၁၀.၉။အဆငျမငပညာေရးအဆငျမငပညာေရးသည ႏငငတစႏငင၏ လမႈစးပြား

ဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေရးအတြက အေျခခလအပခကျဖစပါသည။အစးရအဖြ႕အစညး၊ စးပြားေရးက႑ႏင စကမႈလကမႈလပငနးစသညတ႔တြငလအပေနေသာအရညအခငးျပညမသညလသားအရငးအျမစ(HumanCapital)ကျပစပ းေထာငေပးရနအဆငျမငပညာက႑တြင တာဝနရပါသည။ အဆငျမငပညာေကာငးမားအေနျဖင ကမၻာတစဝနးစးပြားေရးယဥၿပငမႈမားျပားေသာ လမႈဝနးကငတြင လအပ၍တထြငဖနတးႏငစြမးရသည လတ႔၏စြမးေဆာငရညကလညး ဖြ႕ၿဖးေစႏငပါသည။ စဥဆကမျပတ စးပြားေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကၿပး ႏငငတကာစးပြားေရးနယပယတြင ယဥၿပငႏငရန အတြကျမနမာအဆငျမငပညာေကာငးမားအား ျမငမား၍ထကျမကေသာ ပညာရပမားက ဖြ႕ၿဖးေစလက အသပညာထတကနမား (Knowledge production) ပမထတလပႏငမညျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားျဖင အေထာကအကျပႏငပါသည။ထ႔အတအဆငအတနးျမငမားေသာသေတသနဗဟဌာနမားထေထာငဖြငလစေပးျခငးျဖငလမႈစးပြား ဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈကပမေဖာေဆာငႏငပါမည။

အဆငျမငပညာေရးဆငရာ မဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလ ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရန အျပနအလနဆကစပျဖညဆညးေပးသည မဟာဗဟာ (၃)ရပႏငအစအစဥမားကအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကပါမည-

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)56

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မဟာဗဟာ(၂)အဆငျမငပညာ၏ဆကစပဆေလာမႈႏင အရညအေသြးျမငမားလာေအာင ေဆာငရြကျခငး။

အစအစဥ - အဆငျမငပညာေရး၏ အရညအေသြး၊အလပအကငႏငပညာရပဆေလာမႈတ႔ကတးတကေကာငးမြနေစေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၁)တကသလသငၾကားသငယေရးက အကးျပရနႏငတကသလမ စမခန႔ခြေသာ ဝငေငြစးေၾကာငးမားကဖြ႕ၿဖးရန အမးသားသေတသနႏငတထြငမႈ ရနပေငြတစရပႏငအတ တကသလမားတြငသေတသနႏငဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးဗဟဌာနမားတညေထာငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) ကမၻာအဆငမ အမးသားတကသလမားႏငဘကစတကသလမားတညေထာငေရးအတြကမဝါဒႏငမဟာဗဟာခမတျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၃)ေရြးခယထားေသာအဆငျမငပညာေကာငးမားရ အေထာကအပ အသးအေဆာငပစၥညးမားကအဆငျမႇငတငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၄) အလကထေရာနစ စာၾကညတကမားႏငအလကထေရာနစသငယမႈဗဟဌာနမား၏အဆငအတနးကျမႇငတငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၅) အေဝးသငပညာေရးစနစ၏ထေရာကမႈကတးတကေစျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၆) အဆငျမငပညာေကာငးမားမ ဆရာမားႏင ဓာတခြစမးသပခနးကြၽမးကငဝနထမးမား၏အရညအေသြးျမႇငတငေပးျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ-အဆငျမငပညာက႑ရစမခန႔ခြမႈဆငရာ ဝနထမးမားသည စမခန႔ခြမႈလပငနးမားကထေရာကစြာေဆာငရြကႏငျခငး။

- ဆရာမားသည သငၾကားေရးႏင သေတသနလပငနးမားကထေရာကစြာေဆာငရြကႏငျခငး။

မဟာဗဟာ (၃)အဆငျမငပညာသငယခြငသာတညမရရမႈကတးခ႕ေပးျခငး။

အစအစဥ - အဆငျမငပညာ သငယခြင သာတညမရရမႈကတးခ႕ေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၁) အဆငျမငပညာေကာငးမား၌သငၾကားသငယမႈဝနးကငေကာငးဖနတးျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၂) ေကာငးသားေထာကပေၾကးေပးေရးအစအစဥမားတးျမႇငျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- ေကာငးသားမား လမႈစးပြားေနာကခအေျခအေနက ထညသြငးစဥးစားရနမလဘအဆငျမငပညာက သာတညမၽေလလာသငယခြငရျခငး။

အႏစခပ 57

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မဟာဗဟာ (၂) ပညာေရးဆငရာ စမခန႔ခြမႈဖြ႕စညးပ၊ စနစႏင အေထာကအပပစၥညးမားအားေကာငးလာေစျခငး။

အစအစဥ - ပညာေရးက႑ စမခန႔ခြမႈစနစႏငအေထာကအပပစၥညးမားဆငရာအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) မဟာဗဟာမားႏင လပငနးအစအစဥမားက ေအာငျမငစြာ အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကႏငရန သကဆငရာ ဦးစးဌာနမားအားပပးရနအတြက အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးေရးေကာမတ (NESPCoordination Committee)၊ စမကနးလပငနးစမခန႔ခြေရးအဖြ႕မား (Programme Management Teams-PMTs)ႏင NESP႐းအဖြ႕ (NESP Secretariat)တညေထာငျခငး။

မဟာဗဟာ (၁) က႑အလက၊ က႑ခြအလကႏငတငးေဒသႀကး/ျပညနယအလက ေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးေရးနညးလမးမားကအားျဖညေဆာငရြကျခငး။

အစအစဥ - တငးေဒသႀကး/ျပညနယအလကေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးေဆာငရြကေရးအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၁)ပမထေရာက၍စြမးေဆာငရညရေသာပညာေရးက႑ေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးမႈကပပးရနတငးေဒသႀကး/ျပညနယ၊ခ႐ငႏင ၿမ႕နယပညာေရးေကာမတမားကအားေကာငးလာေစျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂)အရညအေသြးရေသာအေျခခပညာေရး၊ ေကာငးျပငပႏင တစသကတာ ပညာေရး၊နညးပညာႏငသကေမြးပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရးက႑တ႔က ေဆာငရြကရာတြငအေရးတႀကးျဖစလာသညစနေခၚမႈမားကေျဖရငးႏငရနတငးေဒသႀကး/ျပညနယမားႏငပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- အစးရဝနႀကးဌာနမားႏငအစးရမဟတေသာပညာေရးတြငပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကသမား၊ ပညာေရးႏင ဆကစပေဆာငရြကသမားအားလးသည က႑အလက၊ က႑ခြအလကႏငတငးေဒသႀကး/ျပညနယအလက ေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးေရးလပငနးစဥမားတြင တကကြစြာပါဝငလာျခငးျဖငအရညအေသြးျပည၀ေသာပညာသငယရနအခြငအလမးမားပမရရျခငး။

၁၀.၁၀။စမခန႔ခြမႈ၊စြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငမႈႏငအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈ

ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး အေထာကအထားအေျချပ ေလလာဆနးစစမႈမားက ေဆာငရြကခၿပး ပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားေရရညတညတခငၿမမႈက ပပးေပးႏငမည ေျပာငးလေရးဆငရာမဟာဗဟာေျမာကတြနးအား (၅)ရပက ေဖာထတခပါသည။ ထျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈဆငရာမဟာဗဟာေျမာကတြနးအား(၅)ရပမာ-

(၁) ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနအရညအေသြးအာမခမႈစနစ(Ministry of Education Quality AssuranceSystem-MQAS)

(၂) က႑အလက၊က႑ခြအလကႏင တငးေဒသႀကး/ျပညနယအလကေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးေရးနညးလမးမား

(၃) စမခန႔ခြမႈဖြ႕စညးပ၊ စနစႏင အေထာကအပပစၥညးမား

(၄) လ႔စြမးအားအရငးအျမစစြမးေဆာငရည

(၅) အေထာကအထားအေျချပဆးျဖတခကချခငး

အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒ(၂၀၁၄)ႏင အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒက ျပငဆငသညဥပေဒ (၂၀၁၅)တ႔တြင ပညာေရး၀နႀကးဌာနတစခလး၏ ေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးမႈ၊ စမခန႔ခြမႈဖြ႕စညးပႏင စနစမားက ပမအားေကာငးေစရန ႏငငအဆငစစညးမႈရေသာအနာဂတေမာမနးခကတစရပကခမတထားပါသည။ စမခန႔ခြမႈ၊ စြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငမႈႏင အရညအေသြးအာမခမႈဆငရာ မဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရန အျပနအလန ဆကစပျဖညဆညးေပးသညမဟာဗဟာ(၃)ရပႏငအစအစဥမားကအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကပါမည-

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)58

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မဟာဗဟာ(၃)ပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈလပငနးမားေအာငျမငစြာ အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကႏငရနပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြသမား၏စြမးေဆာငရညကျမႇငတငေပးျခငး။

အစအစဥ - ေခါငးေဆာငမႈႏင စြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငမႈအစအစဥ။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၁) တငးေဒသႀကး/ျပညနယ၊ခ႐င၊ ၿမ႕နယပညာေရးမး႐းမားရ ပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြသမား၏ စြမးေဆာငရညဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကလာေစရန အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး ႏစစဥစြမးေဆာငရညျမႇငတငမႈစမကနး(CapacityDevelopmentPlan-CDP)ေဆာငရြကျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) ဦးစးဌာနမား၊ တငးေဒသႀကး/ျပညနယ၊ ခ႐င၊ ၿမ႕နယပညာေရးမး႐းမား၏ပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြသမားအားပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြမႈသငတနးအစအစဥေဆာငရြကျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) တာဝနရပဂၢလမားအားေခါငးေဆာငမႈႏင လမးညႊနျပသမႈ အစအစဥေဆာငရြကျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာ စမကနးလပငနးအစအစဥမားႏင ဘ႑ာေရးအစအစဥမားကေအာငျမငစြာအေကာငအထညေဖာႏငေရးအတြက ပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြသမားတြငအသပညာႏင ကြၽမးကငမႈမားတးတကေကာငးမြနလာျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၂) အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနး ႏစအလကအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကမည စမကနးေရးဆြျခငးႏင ရသးမနးေျခေငြစာရငးျပျခငးလပငနးစဥက အေကာငအထညေဖာျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၃) အမးသားပညာေရးစနစႏငစပလဥး၍ အေထာကအထားအေျချပဆးျဖတခကမားခမတႏငရနအတြက လ႔စြမးအားအရငးအျမစသတငးအခကအလကစနစ (Human ResourceInformationSystem-HRIS)ႏငပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြမႈသတငးအခကအလကစနစ(Education ManagementInformation System-EMIS)က အားေကာငးေအာငျပလပ၍EducationPortalတစခထေထာငျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၄) စမခန႔ခြသတာဝနရပဂၢလမားအေနျဖငအလြယတကအသးျပႏငရနႏငစြမးေဆာငရည ေလလာႀကးၾကပေရးဆငရာ အေရးႀကးသညအခကအလကမားကတငျပရန တေပါငးတစညးတညးျပစထားသညလပငနးစြမးေဆာငရညေလလာႀကးၾကပျခငးႏင တာဝနယမႈစနစ (PeMAS)က ေရးဆြအေကာငအထညေဖာျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ(၅) ႏစစဥက႑အလကစြမးေဆာငရညျပနလညသးသပျခငးႏင ဘ႑ာေငြျပနလညသးသပျခငးတ႔က ေဆာငရြကျခငးျဖငပညာေရးက႑ ႏစစဥစမကနးေရးဆြမႈက ပမနေဆာငရြကျခငး။

လပငနးအစအစဥ (၆) အမးသားပညာေရးစနစ၏အဆငအသးသးတြင ပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြမႈ ပမထေရာကၿပး စြမးေဆာငရညျပညဝေစရန သတငးအခကအလကႏင ဆကသြယေရးဆငရာနညးပညာအသစမားက စမးသပအသးျပျခငးႏင အေျခခသတငးအခကအလကႏင ဆကသြယေရးဆငရာနညးပညာအေထာကအကပစၥညးမားပပးေပးျခငး။

စမကနးအၿပးရလဒ- အေထာကအထားအေျချပဆးျဖတခကခမတႏငရနႏငေကာငးမားႏငပညာသငယရာဌာနမားတြင ၎တ႔၏ စြမးေဆာငရညအေပၚ တာဝနခမႈရေစရန ပညာေရးစမခန႔ခြသမားတြငလပပငခြငရလာျခငး။

အႏစခပ 59

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ေကာငးသားမား၏ အသကေမြးဝမးေကာငးႏင ဘဝတစသကတာ သငယမႈေမၽာမနးခကမား ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေအာငေဆာငၾကဥးေပးႏငမည ေကာငးသငပညာေရးႏင ေကာငးျပငပႏငတစသကတာပညာေရးလမးသြယမားက ပညာေရးလမးသြယျပပက ပ (၁၁.၁)တြင ေဖာျပထားပါသည။ လာမည (၅)ႏစမ (၁၀)ႏစအတြငးအဆပါ ပညာေရးလမးသြယျပပတြငေဖာျပထားသညအတငးႏငငတြငးရေကာငးသားအားလးေနရာေဒသမေရြးအရညအေသြးရေသာပညာေရးလမးသြယမားသ႔ဝငေရာကႏငေသာအခြငအလမးမားရရေစရနေဆာငရြကပါမည။

၁၁.ဝ။အလပအကငႏငဘဝတစသကတာေလလာသငယမႈဆငရာပညာေရးလမးသြယမား

မႀက ၃-၅ ႏစအရြယ (မႀကအားလး)

ေကာငးျပငပ မလတနးပညာေရး (တနးညႇအစအစဥ)

၂ ႏစ

ေကာငးျပငပ အလယတနး ပညာေရး

(တနးညႇအစအစဥ) ၃ ႏစ

အလယတနးေကာငး ၄ ႏစမလတနးေကာငး ၅ ႏစ

P

PS-E

M

မလတနးပညာေရး ၿပးေျမာကမႈ စစေဆးျခငး

PS

MS-E

မလတနးပညာေရး ၿပးေျမာကမႈ

စာေမးပြ

PSအမ

သငယတနး - ၅ ႏစ အရြယ ကေလးအားလး

K

PS

ပ (၁၁.၁) ပညာေရးလမးသြယျပပ

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)60

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အထကတနးပညာေရး ၿပးေျမာကမႈ စာေမးပြ (တကသလ၀ငတနး

စာေမးပြ)

အထကတနးေကာငး ၃ ႏစ

MS

MHS

TVET-HS

အလပႏင ဘ၀တစသကတာ

သငယမႈ

အဆငျမငပညာေရး (တကသလမား) ၄ ႏစ

Univ.

အလယတနးပညာေရး ၿပးေျမာကမႈ စစေဆးျခငး

ဆရာအတတပညာသင ဌာနမား

TEI

အမးသားအဆင လငယပညာေရးေအာငလကမတ

N

အလယတနးပညာေရး ၿပးေျမာကမႈ စာေမးပြ

TVET

TVET

NF-TVET

MS

အမးသားအဆင လငယပညာေရး

ေအာငလကမတခးျမႇငေရး သငတနး အစအစဥ

ပမနနညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး

(အထကတနးေကာငးမား)

နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး

(စငတာမား)

ေကာငးျပငပ နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး

ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး

နညးပညာႏငသကေမြး ပညာေရးႏငေလကငေရး

(ေကာလပမား)

အႏစခပ 61

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အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးတြင လာမည(၅)ႏစ(၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)အတြငးကနကမညပညာေရးဆငရာပပးမႈအတြက ကနဦးခန႔မနးေျခက ျဖစႏငမႈအေျခအေနႏစရပ-ေလာနညး၊ ျမငမားျဖင တငျပထားပါသည။အေျခအေနတစခစတြင ဝနထမးမားအတြကကနကစရတမား၊ လပငနးေဆာငရြကမႈ ကနကစရတမား၊ ေငြလးေငြရငးအသးစရတမားကသ႔ေသာ ပမနကနကစရတမားႏငအမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး မဟာဗဟာမား၊စမကနးလပငနးမားႏင လပငနးအစအစဥမားအတြကကနကစရတမားပါဝငပါသည။

ေလာနညးသညဘ႑ာေငြကခမႈေၾကာင ျဖစေပၚလာမညအေျခအေနတြင အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး၌ပါရသညလပငနးအစအစဥမားႏငေမၽာမနးရလဒမားအနက၈၀ ရာခငႏႈနးကအေကာငအထညေဖာမညဆပါကလာမည(၅)ႏစ(၂၀၁၆-၂၀၁၇မ၂၀၂၀-၂၀၂၁ထ)အတြငး ကနကႏငသည အသးစရတက ေဖာျပထားသည။ အဆပါအေျခအေနတြင ပညာေရးအတြက ႏစစဥအသးစရတသည လာမည (၅)ႏစအတြငး ႏစဆထကမက

၁၂.ဝ။အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးအတြကဘ႑ာေငြေထာကပျခငး

မၾကာျမငေသးသညႏစမားအတြငး ႏငငေတာအစးရအေနျဖင ပညာေရးအတြက ျပညသ႔ဘ႑ာေရးအသးစရတက တးျမႇငေပးခပါသည။ပညာေရးက႑အသးစရတက၂၀၁၁-၂၀၁၂ဘ႑ာႏစမ၂၀၁၅-၂၀၁၆ဘ႑ာႏစအၾကားတြင၃၅၁ရာခငႏႈနးခန႔တးျမႇငထားပါသည။ထ႔ျပင ပညာေရးက႑တစခလးအတြကသငၾကားမႈအေထာကအကျပပစၥညးမားႏင ေကာငးအေဆာကအအအသးအေဆာငပရေဘာဂပစၥညးမားစသညအရညအေသြးကအဓကထားေသာရငးႏးျမႇပႏမႈမားကဦးစားေပးေဆာငရြကရာတြငသသာထငရားေသာႀကးပမးအားထတမႈမားကျမငေတြ႕ခရပါသည။၂၀၁၁-၂၀၁၂ဘ႑ာႏစမ၂၀၁၄-၂၀၁၅ဘ႑ာႏစအတြငးႏငငဝနထမးမား၏လစာကလညးေလးဆနးပါးမၽတးျမႇငေပးခပါသည။

ျမငတကလာၿပး (၁၄,၄၇၄,၆၆၃)ကပသနး ရလာမညျဖစသည။ ျမငမားသည ဘ႑ာေငြ ကခမႈေၾကာင ျဖစေပၚလာမညအေျခအေနတြင ပမျမငမားေသာ အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးလပငနး အစအစဥမားႏင စနစဆငရာေမၽာမနးလာထားခကမား ပါဝငပါသည။ အဆပါ အေျခအေနအတြက စစေပါငးကနကစရတမာ (၁၅,၃၀ဝ,၀၃၂)ကပသနးျဖစသည။

အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးကဘ႑ာေငြေထာကပျခငးဆငရာဆနးစစေလလာမႈမအဓကေတြ႕ရခကမာပညာေရးက႑အားလး၌အရညအေသြးရေသာပညာေရးဝနေဆာငမႈမားရရရန အခြငအလမးျမႇငတငေပးရာတြငခြငျပၿပးသားပညာေရးဘ႑ာေငြမားက ပမထေရာကစြာအသးျပျခငးႏင က႑တစခလးအတြက ရငးႏးျမႇပႏမႈကစဥဆကမျပတတးျမႇငျခငးတ႔ ေပါငးစပ လပေဆာငသြားရနလအပသညဟေသာအခကျဖစပါသည။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)62

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၁၃.ဝ။အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးကအဆငအလကအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကျခငး

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနးတြင (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁) ကာလအတြက ေယဘယမဟာဗဟာေျမာက ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈလပငနးစဥတစခကသတမတျပ႒ာနးထားသည။သ႔ေသာ ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနအေနျဖငေဖာျပထားေသာ ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားက ေအာငျမငစြာအေကာငအထညေဖာရနအတြက (၅)ႏစထကပမၾကာျမငႏငမညျဖစေၾကာငး သရထားၿပးျဖစပါသည။ သ႔ျဖစ၍ ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးက အဆငအလက အေကာငအထညေဖာသညနညးလမးျဖငေဆာငရြကသြားမညျဖစပါသည။

အဆင-၁ (၂၀၁၆-၂၀၂၁)တြင အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးရညမနးခကပနးတငႏင မဟာဗဟာေျမာကအေျပာငးအလ (၉)ရပက ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရနအတြက တက႐ကအေထာကအကျပမည ဦးစားေပးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈလပငနးမားက ေဖာထတသတမတၿပးအေကာငအထညေဖာရနအေလးထားေဆာငရြကမညျဖစပါသည။ အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး အဆင-၂(၂၀၂၂-၂၀၂၇)တြငအဆင-၁မဦးစားေပးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားက ေအာငျမငစြာၿပးေျမာကေအာင ေဆာငရြက၍အဆပါမဟာဗဟာစမကနးရညမနးခကပနးတငႏင ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမား ေပါကေျမာကေအာငျမငေစရနအလ႔ငာလကဖကေသာ ထပေဆာငးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမားကျဖညစြကေဆာငရြကရနရညရြယပါသည။

အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး အဆင- ၁တြင ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသည ႏစအလက ဦးစားေပးေဆာငရြကရမည ျပျပငေျပာငးလေရးလပငနးမားကေဖာထတမညျဖစၿပး ၎တ႔က အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးႏစအလက ဦးစားေပးလပငနးမားစမကနး(Annual Priorities Plan) တြင စာရငးျပစေဖာျပထားမညျဖစသည။ ဤလပငနးအစအစဥသည မဝါဒသစထတျပန

ေၾကညာခကမား၊ စြမးေဆာငမႈဆငရာ အခကအလကအသစမား၊ သေတသနေတြ႕ရခကမား၊ သဘာဝေဘးအႏရာယကသ႔ ေမာမနးမထားသညအေျခအေနမားစသညလြနခေသာ တစႏစတာကာလအတြငး ေပၚေပါကခေသာပညာေရးက႑အဓကအေျပာငးအလမားႏငအညလပငနးမားက ညႇႏႈငးျပငဆငၿပး ျဖညဆညးေဆာငရြကျခငးျဖငပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနအားအေထာကအကျပမညျဖစသည။

ျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈေအာငျမငစြာအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကရာတြင ေဒသအေျခအေနႏင လကေလာညေထြစြာေျပာငးလေဆာငရြကႏငျခငးသည အေရးႀကးေၾကာငးပညာေရးစနစ စြမးေဆာငရညျမငမားသည ႏငငမားတြငေတြ႕ရရပါသည။ ထ႔ေၾကာင ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာနသညအဆပါအေရးႀကးေသာေတြ႕ရခကအား ထညသြငးစဥးစား၍အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနးႏစအလက ဦးစားေပး လပငနးမားစမကနးက ေရးဆြအေကာငအထညေဖာမညျဖစပါသည။

အႏစခပ 63

Page 126: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese
Page 127: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese
Page 128: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

၂၀၁၆

ျပညေထာငစသမၼတျမနမာႏငငေတာအစးရ ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာန၊ ေနျပညေတာ၊

Page 129: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

3/22/2017 ေ◌ဒါကࢽ ာသန◌း嗝�လင (NNER) ● ပညာေ◌ရးဝ⨘ကးဌာန၏ အမ းသားပညာေ◌ရးမဟာဗဟာစမကန◌း (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁) ေအပၚ ေ◌ဝဖ⨘�က | MoeMaKa Burmese News …

http://moemaka.com/archives/57392 1/39

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In EnglishCharity & Fund RaisingOn the BlogOn Facebookမးမခမာ ဖနးေခၚပါ …မးမခမဒယာ ဆတာ …အတတက မးမခစာအျခားသတငးဆရာရာျပညျပခနး

ေဒါကတာသနးလြင (NNER) ● ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာန၏ အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁) အေပၚ ေဝဖနခကMarch 18, 2017

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Page 130: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

3/22/2017 ေ◌ဒါကࢽ ာသန◌း嗝�လင (NNER) ● ပညာေ◌ရးဝ⨘ကးဌာန၏ အမ းသားပညာေ◌ရးမဟာဗဟာစမကန◌း (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁) ေအပၚ ေ◌ဝဖ⨘�က | MoeMaKa Burmese News …

http://moemaka.com/archives/57392 2/39

ေဒါကတာသနးလြင (NNER) ● ပညာေရးဝနႀကးဌာန၏အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁)

အေပၚ ေဝဖနခက(မးမခ) မတ ၁၈၊ ၂၀၁၇

စာတမးရင – ေဒါကတာသနးလြင (NNER)

(ဤစာတမးက ေရးသားသ ေဒါကတာသနးလြင (NNER) သည အဂၤလနႏငငရ နယးကာဆယတကသလမ ပညာေရးဆငရာမဝါဒႏင သင႐း ၫႊနးတမး ဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးဘာသာရပမား ျဖင ပညာေရးဆငရာ မဟာဘြ႕ႏင ပါရဂဘြ႕မား ရရထားသျဖစသည။

ေဝဖနပငးျခားစဥးစားျခငးက အားေပးေသာဆရာအတတပညာ သငတနး (ThinkingClassroom Foundation) ကတညေထာငခသျဖစ ၿပး၊ ပညာေရးစနစ ျပျပငေျပာငးလေရးႏငငလးဆငရာကြနရက (NNER) ၏အဖြ႕ဝငတဦးလညးျဖစသည။)

ပညာေရး၀နႀကးဌာနမ ထတျပနေၾကညာသည “အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနး (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁” က မၾကမးေရးဆြစဥက ပညာေရးစနစျပျပငေျပာငးလေရး ႏငငလးဆငရာကြနရက (NNER) အား အသေပး ဖတၾကားျခငးမရခပါ။ NNER သည အစးရမဟတေသာ လထပညာေရး အဖြ႕အစညးမားစြာႏင ပညာရငမားပါ၀ငေသာ ကြနရကျဖစပါသည။ NNER တြငပါ၀ငေသာ အဖြ႕ အစညးမားႏင အဖြ႕၀ငမားသည ပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနးအတြက အႀကဉာဏမား ေပးခြငမရခပါ။ Global Partnership forEducation (GPE) ၏ အတငပငခပဂၢလ Mr. Mathias Rwehere ရနကနၿမ႔သ႔ ေရာကရစဥ ၂၀၁၇ ဇနန၀ါရလ (၂၂) ရကေန႔တြင NNER အဖြ႕၀ငမားႏင ေတြ႕ဆမသာ အထကပါ ပညာ ေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁) က စတငသရရပါသည။ ျမနမာႏငင ပညာေရး၀နႀကးဌာနက GPE ထမ ပညာေရးေထာကပေငြ အေမရကန ေဒၚလာ သနး(၇၀) ေကာ  ေလ ာကထားသျဖင GPE  အတငပငခပဂၢလက အစးရမဟတေသာ လထအဖြ႕  အစညးမားႏင ေတြ႕ဆ၍ ပညာေရး၀နႀကးဌာန၏ မဟာဗဟာ စမကနးအေၾကာငးလာေရာကေမးျမနးစဥ ေတြ႕ဆျခငး ျဖစပါသည။

GPE ၏ လအပခကအရ ပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးက အေကာငအထညေဖာရနအတြက ပညာေရးက႑ဆငရာ ေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးေရးေကာ မတ (ESCC) က ဖြ႕စညးရာတြငလထပညာေရးအဖြ႕ အစညးမားမ ေရြးခယေစလႊတေသာ ကယစားလယ (၂) ဦး ပါ၀ငရ

Page 131: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

3/22/2017 ေ◌ဒါကࢽ ာသန◌း嗝�လင (NNER) ● ပညာေ◌ရးဝ⨘ကးဌာန၏ အမ းသားပညာေ◌ရးမဟာဗဟာစမကန◌း (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁) ေအပၚ ေ◌ဝဖ⨘�က | MoeMaKa Burmese News …

http://moemaka.com/archives/57392 3/39

နကလညး GPE က အဆျပထား ပါသည။ သ႔ရာတြင NNER သည အသငးအဖြ႕အျဖစမတပတငထားျခငးမရဟေသာ အေၾကာငးျပခကျဖင ESCC တြင ပါ၀ငခြငမရဟ ပညာေရး၀နႀကးဌာနမ ကန႔သတထားေၾကာငး သရရပါသည။

NNER အေနျဖင ေပါငးစပညႇႏႈငးေရးလမးေၾကာငးမေန၍ ပညာေရး၀နႀကးဌာနအားေ၀ဖန အႀကျပခြင မရရသျဖင အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးအေပၚ ေ၀ဖနသးသပခကက ေရးသား ေဖာျပလကပါ သည။

(၁) လထအဖြ႕အစညးမား၏ အခနးက႑ ေမးမနေနဆပထမဦးစြာ ေ၀ဖနေထာကျပလသညအခကမာ အစးရ၏ ပညာေရးလပငနးမားတြငလထအဖြ႕ အစညးမား၏ ပါ၀ငႏငမႈ အခြငအလမး နညးပါးေနျခငး ျဖစပါသည။ ကမၻာကလသမဂၢမ ဦးေဆာငသည ေရရညတညတ ေသာ ဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးအတြက ပညာေရး (SDG­4) ႏင ျမနမာႏငငဌာေန တငးရငးသားမား၏ ပညာေရးအခြငအေရးဆငရာကစၥမားကတငပငေဆြးေႏြးရနအတြက NNER သည ၂၀၁၆ ေအာကတ ဘာလတြင ပညာေရး၀နႀကးဌာနသ႔ ေတြ႕ဆခြငေတာငးခပါသည။ ယေန႔အထ အေၾကာငးျပနၾကားျခငး မရေသးပါ။

ထ႔ျပင လထအဖြ႕အစညးမား၏ ပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလေရး ႀကးပမးအားထတမႈမားကလညး အသအမတျပျခငးမရပါ။ အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁)အႏစခပ စာမကႏာ (၁၂) စာပဒ (၄.၂) တြင “အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒ ပမခငမာေစရနအတြက ၂၀၁၅ ခႏစတြင အမးသားပညာေရး ဥပေဒက ျပငဆငသည ဥပေဒကလညးျပ႒ာနးေပးခပါသည” ဟ ေဖာျပထားသည။ အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒ က ျပငဆငသညဥပေဒ (၂၀၁၅) ေပၚေပါကလာျခငးမာ ၂၀၁၅ ေဖေဖာ၀ါရလ အတြငး ကငးပခသညအစးရ၊ လႊတေတာ ၊ ဒမကေရစပညာေရးသပတေကာ မတႏင NNER တ႔ ပါ၀ငခ သညေလးပြငဆငေဆြးေႏြးပြ၏ ရလဒမားက လႊတေတာ သ႔ တငသြငးခသျဖင၊ လႊတေတာ မ ျပငဆင ျပ႒ာနးချခငးျဖစပါသည။ ေလးပြငဆင ေဆြးေႏြးပြေပၚေပါကလာျခငးမာလညးအမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒ (၂၀၁၄) က ျပငဆငေရးအတြက သပတေမာကေကာငးသားမားက ေတြ႕ဆေဆြးေႏြးရန ေတာငးဆခ ၾကျခငးေၾကာင ျဖစပါသည။ ဤအျဖစအပကမားသည ျမနမာႏငငပညာေရးသမငးတြင ထငထငရားရား ေပၚေပါကခသျဖင ပညာေရး၀နႀကးဌာနအေနျဖင ႀကကသညျဖစေစ၊ မႀကကသညျဖစေစ၊ သမငး အျဖစ အပကမားက ထမခနမထားသငပါ။

(၂) လမးမားဆငရာ ကယပငျပ႒ာနးခြင ပါ၀ငျခငးမရဒတယေ၀ဖနလသညအခကမာ ပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးတြင ဒမကေရစ ဖကဒရယႏငင စနစက ဦးတညသည ပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈမား ပါ၀ငျခငးမရပါ။ ႏငငေတာ ၏ အတငပငခ ပဂၢလဦးေဆာငေသာ ၂၁ ရာစပငလၿငမးခမးေရးေဆြးေႏြးပြမား ကငးပကာ ဒမကေရစ ဖကဒရယ ျပည ေထာငစထေထာငရန ျပငဆငေနသညကာလတြင၊ ပညာေရးျပျပငေျပာငးလမႈသည တငးရငးသားလမး မား၏ ကယပငျပ႒ာနးခြငက ဦးတညသငသည။ အစးရႏင ၿငမးခမးေရးေဆြးေႏြးလကရၾကေသာ တငးရငးသား လကနကကငေတာ လန ေရးအဖြ႕မားသည သကဆငရာေဒသအသးသးတြင စာသငေကာငးမားတညေထာင၍ ကေလးမား၏ ပညာေရးက ေဆာငရြကခၾကသညမာ ႏစေပါငးမားစြာၾကာရၿပ ျဖစပါသည။ အေျခခပညာၿပးဆး၍ ႏငငျခားတကသလမားတြင သြားေရာကပညာသငၾကားသမား၊ ရပရြာ ဖြ႕ၿဖးေရး ေဆာငရြကေနသမားလညး အမားအျပား ရၾကပါသည။ အဆပါ တငးရငးသားေဒသ ပညာေရး က အသအမတျပရန ပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာ စမကနးတြင ပါ၀ငျခငးမရပါ။

Page 132: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

3/22/2017 ေ◌ဒါကࢽ ာသန◌း嗝�လင (NNER) ● ပညာေ◌ရးဝ⨘ကးဌာန၏ အမ းသားပညာေ◌ရးမဟာဗဟာစမကန◌း (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁) ေအပၚ ေ◌ဝဖ⨘�က | MoeMaKa Burmese News …

http://moemaka.com/archives/57392 4/39

ျမနမာႏငငအစးရသည ဌာေနတငးရငးသားမား၏ အခြငအေရးဆငရာ ကလသမဂၢ၏ ေၾကညာ စာတမး (UNDRIP) ကလညးသေဘာတလကမတေရးထးထားေၾကာငး သရပါသည။ အဆပါ သေဘာ တညခကအရလညး ဌာေနတငးရငးသားမား ထေထာငထားေသာ ေကာငးမား၊ ေဒသဆငရာ သင႐း ညႊနးတမးမား၊ ဆရာဆရာမမား၊ ေကာငးသားမားက အသအမတျပရပါမည။ အစးရ၏ အသအမတျပမႈ မခရေသာေၾကာင ဌာေနတငးရငးသားေကာငးမားမ ေကာငးသားမား အစးရေကာငးမားက ေျပာငးေရႊ႕ ရနႏင ျပညတြငးတကသလမားတကေရာကရန အခကအခမား ရငဆငၾကရပါသည။

(၃) ေဒသအလက ေရးဆြေသာ သင႐းညႊနးတမး (Local Curriculum) မားက ခြငျပရနလအပပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးတြင သင႐းညႊနးတမးႏင ပတသက၍ ၂၁ ရာစဆငရာ ကၽြမးကငမႈ မားက အေလးေပးရန၊ သင႐းညႊနးတမးေရးဆြသမား၏ စြမးေဆာငရညက ျမႇငတငေပးရနႏင သင႐း ညႊနးတမးႏင ဖတစာအပမားက အသးျပတတရနအတြကဆရာဆရာမမားက သငတနးေပးရနတ႔ ပါရပါ သည။ ဤေဖာျပခကသည သင႐းညႊနးတမးက ဗဟမေရးဆြၿပး ဖတစာအပမားလညး ဗဟမပင  ေရးဆြ မညဟ အဓပၸာယရပါသည။ လကေတြ႕တြငလညး သငယတနးႏင ပထမတနးဖတစာမားက အထကပါ အတငး ေရးဆြထားၿပးျဖစသည။ ပညာေရး၀နႀကးဌာနမ အသစေရးဆြမည သင႐းညႊနးတမးသည ေကာငးသားမား၏ ကၽြမးကငမႈကေပးရန ရညရြယသညဟဆေသာ လညး၊ ဗဟမေရးဆြသည သင႐း ညႊနးတမးသည ေဒသဆငရာ လအပခကမားႏင ကကညမႈမရေၾကာငးက ျမနမာႏငငပညာေရးသမငးက သကေသျပၿပး ျဖစပါသည။

သင႐းညႊနးတမးက ဗဟမ ျပ႒ာနးၿပး ဗဟမေရးသာ ဖတစာအပတမးတညးက ျမနမာႏငင ေဒသအသးသးတြင အသးျပေစျခငးေၾကာင၊ သင႐းညႊနးတမးေရးဆြသတ႔၏ ယဥေကးမႈ၊ ဓေလထးစႏင တနဖးထားမႈမားက လႊမးမးေနေၾကာငး ေတြ႕ရထားၿပး ျဖစပါသည။ ဗဟမ ေရးဆြေသာ သင႐းေၾကာင ျပညနယအသးသးရ တငးရငးသားကေလးငယမားသည ေကာငးတြင ေပာရႊငမႈမရၾကဘ၊ မလတနးပင မၿပးမ ေကာငးထြကၾကပါသည။

ျမနမာႏငငက သ႔ ယဥေကးမႈ၊ ဓေလထးစ၊ ဘာသာစကား ကြျပားသည တငးရငးသားလမးမား စေပါငးေနထငသည ႏငငတြင ေဒသအလက ေရးဆြေသာ သင႐းညႊနးတမးမားက ခြငျပသငပါသည။ ေဒသ တခမ တခသ႔ ေျပာငးေရႊ႕ပညာသငယရာတြင အခကအခနညးပါးေစရနအတြက ေဒသအားလး ပါ၀င ညႇႏႈငးေရးဆြေသာ သင႐းညႊနးတမးေကာ႐း (Core Curriculum) လညး ရသငပါသည။ အဆပါ သင႐းညႊနးတမး ေကာ႐းကအေျခခ၍ ေဒသအသးသးတြင ေဒသလအပခကႏင ကကညေသာ ေဒသ ဆငရာ အသဉာဏမား (Local Wisdom) ပါ၀ငေသာ သင႐းညႊနးတမးမားက ခြငျပလ င ျပညနယအသးသးမ ကေလးမား၏ ပညာေရးတးတကလာပါမည။

(၄)    မခငဘာသာစကားအေျချပ ဘာသာစကား (၃) မးစနစက အားေပးသင  ပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး၏ အေျခခပညာက႑တြင “တငးရငးသားဘာသာစကားႏင ယဥ ေကးမႈက သငယခြငျ ပၿပး တငးရငးသားဘာသာစကားက စာသငခနးသးဘာသာစကားအျဖစ အသးျပ ရန ခြငျပထားပါသည” ဟ ေဖာျပထားပါသည။ ဤေဖာျပခကေၾကာင တငးရငးသားဘာသာစကားမား သငၾကားခြငရၿပဟ ေျပာဆၾကေသာ လညး၊ ပညာေရး၀နႀကးဌာန၏ လကေတြ႕ေဆာငရြကခကမားမာ အခကအခမားစြာ ရေနပါသည။ ေကာငးခနျပငပတြငသာ တငးရငးသားဘာသာစကားသငၾကားျခငး၊ ျမနမာဖတစာမားက တငးရငးသားဘာသာမားသ႔ ျပနဆသငၾကားျခငး၊ သငၾကားမညဆရာမရျခငး စ သည အခကအခမားႏင ရငဆငေနရပါသည။ ေကာငးခနျပငပသငတနးသ႔ ေကာငးသားမား စတ၀င စားမႈနညးပါးပါသည။ တေန႔တာလး စာသငခရသျဖင ပငပနးႏြမးန

Page 133: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

3/22/2017 ေ◌ဒါကࢽ ာသန◌း嗝�လင (NNER) ● ပညာေ◌ရးဝ⨘ကးဌာန၏ အမ းသားပညာေ◌ရးမဟာဗဟာစမကန◌း (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁) ေအပၚ ေ◌ဝဖ⨘�က | MoeMaKa Burmese News …

http://moemaka.com/archives/57392 5/39

ယျခငး၊ မသားစ၏ အလပအကင မားက ကညရနရျခငး၊ ကရငတကရျခငးတ႔ေၾကာငညေနသငတနးမားက စတ၀ငစားမႈမရၾကပါ။ သင ၾကားသည စာႏင အေၾကာငးအရာမားမာလညး ျမနမာဖတစာအပက ဘာသာျပနသငၾကားရသျဖင တငး ရငးသားလမးတ႔၏ ႐းရာယဥေကးမႈ၊ ေဒသဆငရာတ႔ႏင အဆကအစပမရျခငးေၾကာငလညး သင ယရန အခကအခရပါသည။ ထ႔ျပင အစးရေကာငးမားတြင ဆရာခန႔ထားမႈမာလညး ေဒသခမားမ ေရြးခယခြင မရဘ ပညာေရး၀နႀကးဌာနမ တက႐ကခန႔အပသျဖင ျပညနယမားသ႔ လာေရာက တာ၀နယၾကေသာ ဆရာဆရာမမားသည ေဒသခဘာသာစကားႏင ယဥေကးမႈမားက နားလည တတကၽြမးမႈ မရၾကပါ။

ျမနမာႏငငက သ႔ ဘာသာစကားမားစြာရေသာ ႏငငမားတြင ကငသးေနသည မခငဘာသာ စကား အေျချပဘာသာစကားစ ပညာေရး (Mother Tongue BasedMultilingual Education) စနစက အေကာင အထညေဖာၿပး ေဒသခမားမ ဆရာဆရာမခန႔အပမႈတြင ပါ၀ငခြငရလ င ျပညနယအသးသးရ တငးရငးသား ကေလးငယမား၏ ပညာေရးအခြငအလမး ပမေကာငးမြနလာမညျဖစပါသည။ ဘာသာ စကား သငၾကားမႈဆငရာ ကၽြမးကငသမား၏ သေတသနအရ မခငဘာသာစကား အေျချပ ဘာသာစကားစ ပညာေရးစနစသည ကေလးမားေကာငးတြင ေပာရႊငျခငး၊ သငၾကားသငယေသာ ဘာသာရပ အသးသးက နားလညျခငး၊ မမဘာသာစကား၏ တညေဆာကပကနားလညသျဖင ဒတယ၊ တတယ ဘာသာစကားမား သငယရန လြယကျခငး စသညအကးေကးဇးမားရရပါသည။

“ဘာသာစကား ၁၃၅ မးဘယလသငမလ” ဟ စးရမၾကသမားအတြက နညးလမးမားရပါသည။ ျပညနယအသးသးရ ေကးလကႏင ေတာငေပၚေဒသမားသည ဘာသာစကားတသ လမးမားသာ ေကးရြာမားတြင စေပါငးေနထငေလရပါသည။ ကေလးမားတတကၽြမးသည ေကးရြာသး ဘာသာစကား က မခငဘာသာစကားအျဖစ ေရြးခယ၍ မခငဘာသာစကား၊ ျမနမာဘာသာစကားႏင အဂၤလပဘာသာ စကား တ႔က ေကာငးသးဘာသာစကားမားအျဖစ သတမတႏငပါသည။ ၿမ႕ႀကးမားတြင ေနထငၾကသည တငးရငးသား  ကေလးငယမားသည မားေသာအားျဖင ျမနမာစကားတတကၽြမးၿပးျဖစ၍၊ ျမနမာဘာသာ စကားက မခငဘာသာစကားအျဖစ သတမတႏငပါသည။ ဥပမာ – အငးစနၿမ႕ရ ရပကြကတခတြင ကရင တငးရငးသားမားႏင ဗမာတငးရငးသားမား ေနထငၾကလင အဆပါရပကြကရ မလတနးေကာငးတြင မခငဘာသာစကား (ျမနမာ)၊ ဒတယဘာသာစကား (ကရင) ႏင တတယဘာသာစကား (အဂၤလပ) တ႔က သငၾကားသညဘာသာစကား (၃) မး စနစကလညး သးႏငပါသည။

စာသငေကာငးတခအတြက မခငဘာသာစကားက ေရြးခယသတမတရာတြင သကဆငရာ ေကာငးမ ဆရာဆရာမမား၊ ေကာငးသားမဘမားႏင ရပရြာမ ပညာေရးေဆာငရြကသမား ညႇႏႈငးတငပင ဆးျဖတသည ေကာငးအေျချပစမခန႔ခြခြငရသငပါသည။ ဆရာဆရာမမားခန႔အပရာတြငလညး ဗဟမ ခန႔အပသည စနစအစား သကဆငရာ ဆရာဆရာမႏင ေဒသခမား၏ ေရြးခယခြငလညး ရသငပါသည။ မခငဘာသာစကားအေျချပဘာသာစကားစပညာေရးသည ကေလးမား၏ သငယမႈက အားေပးရာ ေရာကပါသည။ပညာေရးတြင ေဒသခတ႔၏ ပါ၀ငခြငပမရရျခငး၊ ဘာသာစကားႏင ယဥေကးမႈတ႔က ေလးစားတနဖးထားျခငးသည ၿငမးခမးေရးအတြက အေထာကအကျဖစသညဟ ယၾကညပါသည။

(၅) အဆးသတစာေမးပြမား လႊမးမးေနဆအမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာစမကနး၏ ပညာရညစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင စာေမးပြမား ကငးပျခငးက႑တြင အေၾကာငးအရာအခကအလကမားက အလြတကကမတေျဖဆရေသာ စာေမးပြ စနစမ ေကာငးသားမား၏ ကၽြမးကငမႈႏင ပညာရညဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈ

Page 134: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

3/22/2017 ေ◌ဒါကࢽ ာသန◌း嗝�လင (NNER) ● ပညာေ◌ရးဝ⨘ကးဌာန၏ အမ းသားပညာေ◌ရးမဟာဗဟာစမကန◌း (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁) ေအပၚ ေ◌ဝဖ⨘�က | MoeMaKa Burmese News …

http://moemaka.com/archives/57392 6/39

တ႔က တငးတာေသာ စာေမးပြစနစ ျပျပငေျပာငးလမညဟ ေဖာျပထားသည။ သ႔ရာတြငစစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးဆငရာလပငနးစဥမားသည သငယမႈ၏ အဆးသတတြင စစေဆးေသာ စာေမးပြမားကသာ ရညညႊနးထားသညက ေတြ႕ရသည။ ပညာ ေရး၀နႀကးဌာန၏ တာ၀နရသတဦးက စစေဆးအကျဖတျခငးႏင ပတသက၍ အခနးဆးစစေဆးျခငး မားႏင လပတစာေမးပြရမတမားက ေပါငးၿပး အမတ (၈၀) အထကရလ င (A)၊ အမတ (၆၀) ႏင (၈၀) ၾကားတြငရ လ င (B)၊ အမတ (၆၀) ေအာကရလ င (C) စသညျဖငသတမတမညျဖစေၾကာငး မၾကာေသး ခငက ရငးလငးေျပာၾကားခသည။ ဤစစေဆးနညးႏင အမတေပးနညးမားသည အဆးသတစစေဆးျခငး (Summative Assessment)အမးအစားသာျဖစသည။ အဆးသတစစေဆးျခငးသည သငၿပးသမ ဘယ ေလာက ရသြားသည (ဘယေလာကမတမသည) ကသာ တငးတာျခငး (Assessment ofLearning)  သာျဖစသည။ ေျပာငးလကငသးသငသည စစေဆးနညးအမးအစားမားမာသငယမႈက အားေပးရန စစေဆးျခငး (Assessment for Learning) ႏင စစေဆးမႈႏငသငယမႈထပတျဖစျခငး (Assessment as Learning) တ႔ျဖစသည။

စစေဆးနညးစနစမားက ေျပာငးလႏငရနအတြက သင႐းညႊနးတမးႏင သငၾကား/သငယ နညး စနစမားကလညး ေျပာငးရပါမည။ သင႐းညႊနးတမးက ယခလကရ အခကအလကေပးေသာ သင႐းညႊနး တမး အမးအစား (Content Based) မ ကၽြမးကငမႈက ေပးေသာ သင႐းညႊနးတမး (Competence Based) သ႔ ေျပာငးရပါမည။ သငၾကား/သငယနညးစနစမားကလညး မတစေပး၊ အလြတကက၊ အလြတေျဖနညးစနစ အစား တငၾကြစြာသငယျခငးႏင စဥးစားဆငျခငျခငး (Active Learning and Critical Thinking) ရပရြာအေျချပ ေကာငးျပငပတြငသငယျခငး (Community Based Learning)၊ ရပရြာအကးျပလပငနးမားတြင ပါ၀ငျခငးျဖင သငယျခငး (Service Learning)၊ စးစမးေလလာသငယ ျခငး (Enquiry Based Learning)၊ စမခကမားေရးဆြအေကာငအထညေဖာျခငးျဖင သငယျခငး (Project Based Learning) စသညတ႔က ေျပာငးလ ကငသးမသာအဆပါ သငယမႈမားက အေထာက အကျပေသာ စစေဆးနညးမားက အသးျပႏငပါမည။

ထ႔ျပင တကသလ၀ငခြငကလညး ဆယတနးေအာငမတျဖင ကန႔သတသညစနစက ျပငသငပါ သည။ တကသလအလက ၀ငခြငစနစထားရၿပး၊ ေကာငးသားမား ၀ါသနာပါရာဘာသာရပက ေရြးခယ ခြငရသငပါ သည။

(၆) ဆရာဆရာမမား၏ လြတလပခြငဆး႐ႈးေနဆပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနး၏ ဆရာဆရာမမားက႑တြင ဆရာဆရာမမား ရာထးတးမႈႏင ပတသက၍ ယခငက လပသကေပၚမတည၍ မလတနးျပမ အလယတနးျပ၊ အထကတနးျပ  အဆငဆင ရာထး တးျမႇငသညစနစမ စြမးေဆာငရညေပၚမတည၍ရာထးတးသညစနစသ႔ ေျပာငးလမည ျဖစ ေၾကာငး ေဖာျပထားသည။ ဤအခကနငပတသက၍ ပညာေရး၀နႀကးကလညး စြမးေဆာငရည နညး သည ဆရာ၊ဆရာမမားကေ၀းေ၀းကေျပာငးေရႊ႕မညဟ မၾကာေသးခငက မန႔ခြနးတခတြင ထညသြငး ေျပာၾကားခသည။ ည သညဆရာ၊ ဆရာမမားက ေ၀းလေခါငးဖားေဒသႏင ျပညနယမားသ႔ ေစလႊတ မညဟ အဓပၸာယရ၍ အဆပါေဒသမားသည ဆရာည မားႏငသာ ထကတနသညဟဆလရာေရာက သျဖင ေ၀ဖနမႈမားကယကယျပန႔ျပန႔ ထြကေပၚလာခသည။

ပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးေဖာျပခကႏင ၀နႀကး၏သေဘာထားတ႔သည ဆရာ ဆရာမမား ႏင ပတသကသမ ဗဟကသာ ဆးျဖတမညအခကမာ ထငရားေပၚလြငလကရသည။ ဆရာ ဆရာမမား၏ လြတလပခြငမား ဆးရႈးလကရသည။ ဆရာ ဆရာမတဦးသညမမအလပလပလသည ေဒသႏင ေကာငးက ကယတငေရြးခယဆးျဖတမႈရသငသည။သကဆငရာေဒသႏင ေကာငးမားမလညး မမတ႔ ေဒသ/ေကာငးတ႔၏ လအပခကႏငက

Page 135: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

3/22/2017 ေ◌ဒါကࢽ ာသန◌း嗝�လင (NNER) ● ပညာေ◌ရးဝ⨘ကးဌာန၏ အမ းသားပညာေ◌ရးမဟာဗဟာစမကန◌း (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁) ေအပၚ ေ◌ဝဖ⨘�က | MoeMaKa Burmese News …

http://moemaka.com/archives/57392 7/39

ကညမည ဆရာ၊ဆရာမမားက ေရြးခယခန႔ထားႏငခြင ရသင သည။ ဆရာ၊ဆရာမမား၏ အလပအကငေနရာေရြးခယမႈက ဗဟခပကငမႈမျပသငပါ။

ထ႔ျပင သငၾကားလသညပညာေရးအဆင (မ/လယ/ထက) ႏင ဘာသာရပနယပယကလညး ဆရာအတတပညာ ေကာလပတကေရာကစဥကတညးက မမႏစသကရာက ေရြးခယေစသငသည။ ပညာေရးအဆင အသးသးရ ဆရာ ဆရာမမားကလညး တနးတတနဖးထားသငသည။

(၇) ေကာငးသားသမဂၢမာ လြတလပစြာဖြ႔စညးခြငမရေသးပညာေရး၀နႀကးဌာန၏ ပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးတြင ေကာငးသားသမဂၢမား ဖြ႔စညးရန ကစၥ ပါ၀ငျခငးမရပါ။ မဟာဗဟာစမကနး၏ အဆငျမငပညာက႑တြင တကသလပဋဥာဥ ေရးဆြရန အတြက လပငနးစဥတခအေနျဖငသာ ထညသြငးထားသည။ အမးသားပညာေရးဥပေဒ (၂၀၁၄) ႏင ျပငဆငသညဥပေဒ (၂၀၁၅) တ႔တြင ေကာငးသားသမဂၢမားက တကသလပဋဥာဥႏငအည ဖြ႔စညးရန ပါ၀ငသည။ သ႔ရာတြင တကသလပဋဥာဥမား မရေသးပါ။ ၅­ႏစ စမကနးအတြငး ေရးဆြရနအတြက လပငနးစဥအျဖစသာေဖာျပထားသည။

ဤက သ႔ ေကာငးသားသမဂၢမား တရား၀ငဖြ႔စညးရနအတြက တကေသခာေသာ ဥပေဒျပ႒ာနး ျခငး မရေသးပ ရနကနတငးအစးရႏင အမးသားဒမကေရစအဖြ႔ခပ လႀကးတခ႕က ေကာငးသားသမဂၢ အေဆာကအဦက ရနကနတကသလေကာငးသားသမဂၢ အေဆာကအဦေနရာေဟာငးတြင ေဆာကလပ ရန ၂၀၁၇ ေဖေဖာ၀ါရလအတြငးက ႀကးပမးခၾကသည။ ၁၉၆၂ တြင ဗလခပေန၀ငးေခါငးေဆာငသည စစတပက အာဏာသမးယခၿပးေနာက ေကာငးသားသမဂၢအေဆာကအဦက မငးခြဖကဆးခသည။ ေကာငးသားမားစြာေသဆး ဒဏရာရၾကၿပး၊ အမားအျပားဖမးဆးခခၾကရသည။ စစအပခပေရးကာလ တေလ ာက ေကာငးသားမားက စစအာဏာရငစနစက ကန႔ကြကဆႏၵျပခၾကသည။ ဆႏၵျပေကာငးသား မားစြာ ဖမးဆး၊ ေထာငခ၊ ေကာငးထတခၾကရသည။

နယခ႕ဆန႔ကငေရး၊ လြတလပေရး၊ ဒမကေရစေရး ႏင စစအာဏာရငစနစ ခပၿငမးေရးတကပြ မားတြင ပါ၀ငခသည သမငးတနးဖးႀကးမားလသည ေကာငးသားသမဂၢ၏ အခနးက႑က မကကြယ ျပ၍မရပါ။ အာဏာရပါတႏင အစးရတ႔အေနျဖင တကပြ၀ငေကာငးသားမးဆကမားႏင ကယကယ ျပန႔ျပန႔ ေဆြးေႏြးတငပငျခငးမရဘ၊ ေကာငးသားသမဂၢအေဆာကအဦကစၥက အလငစလ မဆးျဖတသင ပါ။ ေကာငးသားမား၏ အသကမား၊ဘ၀မား၊ ဆး႐ႈးပကစးခခၾကရသည သမငးအျဖစအပကမားက အေလးအနကျပ၍ ေကာငးသားမားအစဥတစက ေတာငးဆခၾကသည ေကာငးသားသမဂၢမား လြတ လပစြာဖြ႔စညးခြငက ဦးစြာေဆာငရြကသငပါသည။

(၈) မသနစြမးကေလးငယမား ပညာသငၾကားခြငတနးတမရေသးမသနစြမးကေလးငယအားလး ပညာသငၾကားခြင အခြငအလမး အညအမရရရနအတြက မည သည ေကာငးတြငမဆ တကေရာကသငယခြငရသည ဥပေဒျပ႒ာနးရနလအပပါသည။ အမးသား ပညာေရးဥပေဒ တြငလညးေကာငး၊ ျပငဆငသည ဥပေဒတြငလညးေကာငး၊ ပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနးတြငလညးေကာငး၊ အထးေကာငးမားကသာဦးစားေပးထားသညက ေတြ႕ရသည။ အထးေကာငး မရေသာေဒသမ မသနစြမး ကေလးမားအဖ႔ ေကာငးေနခြငရရန ခကခလကရပါသည။ မသနစြမး ပညာေရးအဖြ႔မား၏ ေလလာေတြ႕ရ ခကအရ၊ ယမနႏစေကာငးဖြငရာသတြင မသနစြမးကေလးမားက ေကာငးမားမလကခရန ျငငးပယသည အျဖစအပကမား မားစြာရေၾကာငးသရရသည။

ပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးတြင ေရ႕ေျပးစမးသပသညေကာငးမား၌ မသနစြမးကေလးမား သြားႏငရန လမးမား ထညသြငးေဆာကလပရန၊ ဆရာ ဆရာမမားက သငတနးေ

Page 136: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

3/22/2017 ေ◌ဒါကࢽ ာသန◌း嗝�လင (NNER) ● ပညာေ◌ရးဝ⨘ကးဌာန၏ အမ းသားပညာေ◌ရးမဟာဗဟာစမကန◌း (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁) ေအပၚ ေ◌ဝဖ⨘�က | MoeMaKa Burmese News …

http://moemaka.com/archives/57392 8/39

ပးရန၊ ဆရာအတတ သငေကာလပမားတြင မသနစြမးကေလးမားႏငပတသက၍ ထညသြငးသငၾကားရနတ႔က လပငနးစဥ အေနျဖင ထညသြငးထားသညကေတြ႕ရပါသည။သ႔ရာတြင မသနစြမးကေလးမား မညသညေကာငးမဆ တကေရာကႏငသည မ၀ါဒႏငဥပေဒျပ႒ာနးျခငးမရေသးပါ။ ဥပေဒျပ႒ာနးျခငးမရေသးသျဖင မသနစြမး ကေလးမားကေကာငးမားက အလြယတကျငငးပယေလရပါသည။ ထ႔ျပင မသနစြမးကေလးမား အတြက ေလကငထား သည ဆရာမရေသးသျဖငလညး၊ မသနစြမးကေလးမားက ျငငးပယျခငးလညး ျဖစႏငပါသည။ ၿမ႕နယအလက ေကာငးတေကာငးလ င အနညးဆး ဆရာ၊ဆရာမ တဦးစကဖတေခၚ၍ သငတနးမားပ႔ခၿပး လာမညစာသငႏစတြင မသနစြမးကေလးမား မညသညေကာငးမဆ တကေရာက ႏငသည အခြငအလမးမား ဖနတးေပးသငပါတယ။

(၉) ဗဟမခမတသည အရညအေသြးသည ေဒသဆငရာႏင ကကညမႈမရႏင‘ပညာေရး၀နႀကးဌာန အရညအေသြးအာမခမႈစနစ’ က မဟာဗဟာေျမာက တြနးအားအျဖစ အမးသား ပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးတြင ထညသြငးထားပါသည။ ပညာေရးအရညအေသြးက ဗဟမ ခမတ တငးတာျခငးသည ေဒသဆငရာ၊ လမးဆငရာႏငတဦးခငးဆငရာ လအပခကမားႏင ကကညမႈ မရပါ။ ျမနမာႏငင ပညာေရးတြင လကရတငးတာေနေသာစနစမာ အမတမားမား၊ ဂဏထးမားမား ပါ ေသာ ေကာငးသားအရညအေသြးရသည၊ ေအာငခကရာခငႏႈနးမားေသာေကာငး အရညအေသြးရသည ဟ ထငမတေနၾကပါသည။ အလြတကက၊ အလြတေျဖ၊ ခးခ၊ မသာမႈမားစြာရေသာ စာေမးပြစနစျဖင ေကာငးသားမား၏ အရညအေသြးကလညးေကာငး၊ ဆရာ၊ဆရာမမား၏ အရညအေသြးကလညးေကာငး တငးတာ၍မရႏငပါ။

အရညအေသြးဆငရာစမားက တစတဦး (သ႔မဟတ) တစတဖြ႔ကသတမတလ င ထပဂၢလ တ႔၏ တနဖးထားမႈမားကသာ လႊမးမးေနၿပး အျခားသမား၏ တနဖးထားမႈမားႏင ကကညမႈ မရႏငပါ။ ထ႔ေၾကာင အရညအေသြးစသတမတရာတြင သကဆငသအားလးပါ၀ငရနလအပပါသည။ ေကာငးသား မား၊ ဆရာမား၊ မဘမား၊ ပညာရငမား၏ အရညအေသြးဆငရာ အျမငသေဘာထားက ရယသငပါသည။ ယဥေကးမႈ၊ ဓေလထးစ၊ ယၾကညမႈႏင တနဖးထားမႈ ကြျပားသမား၏ အျမငမားလညး ထညသြငးပါ၀င သငပါသည။

ေယဘယအေနျဖင အရညအေသြးက ရႈေထာငမးစမၾကညျမငသငပါသည။ ကေလး၏ဉာဏရည ဉာဏေသြးတခတညးအေပၚ တငးတာျခငးသည မျပညစပါ။ ကေလး၏ကာယ၊ ဉာဏ၊ စာရတ၊ မတ၊ အစရသည ဘကစဖြ႔ၿဖးမႈကလညး တငးတာသငပါသည။ထ႔ျပင ပညာေရး၏မ႑ငေလးရပ (Four Pillars of Education) ျဖစေသာ အသဉာဏျမငမားေရး (Learning to Know) ၊ အသးခစြမးရညရရေရး (Learning to Do)၊ ေကာငးသား၏ဘ၀ရညမနးခကက ျဖညဆညးႏငေရး (Learning to Be) ႏင ပညာ ေရးအားျဖင မတကြျပားမႈရသမား ၿငမးခမးစြာ အတတကြေနထငႏငေရး (Learning to LiveTogether) တ႔ကလညး အေျခခထားသငပါတယ။

ထ႔ျပင ပညာရညစစေဆးတငးတာမႈ (Quality Assurance) က လြတလပေသာပညာရငမားျဖင ေဆာင ရြကသငပါသည။ ဟာကြကမရေအာင စဥးစားထားေသာ အရညအေသြးဆငရာစမားက စေပါငး ခမတ၍ အဂတကငးရငးစြာ တငးတာသငပါသည။ ပညာေရးအရညအေသြးတငးတာမႈက ပညာေရး အဆငအသးသးႏင ေဒသအသးသး၊ ေကာငးအသးသးတြင ထထေရာကေရာက ကယကယျပန႕ျပန႕ ေဆာငရြကသငပါသည။ ပညာေရးအရညအေသြးတငးတာမႈအတြက ကနကစရတက ႏငငေတာ ဘ႑ာ မ ကခသငပါသည။

Page 137: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

3/22/2017 ေ◌ဒါကࢽ ာသန◌း嗝�လင (NNER) ● ပညာေ◌ရးဝ⨘ကးဌာန၏ အမ းသားပညာေ◌ရးမဟာဗဟာစမကန◌း (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁) ေအပၚ ေ◌ဝဖ⨘�က | MoeMaKa Burmese News …

http://moemaka.com/archives/57392 9/39

(၁၀) အႀကျပခကမားျမနမာႏငငပညာေရး ေအာငျမငစြာ ျပျပငေျပာငးလႏငေရးအတြက ေအာကပါအခကမားက အႀကျပ အပပါသည။

o   ပညာေရးမ၀ါဒႏင ဥပေဒမားေရးဆြရာတြင ပညာေရးလပငနးမားေဆာငရြကေနသည လထအဖြ႕ အစညးမား ပါ၀ငခြငရသငသည။ အေကာငအထညေဖာသညက႑တြငလညး အစးရပညာေရးဌာန မားႏင လထအဖြ႕အစညးမား ညႏႈငးေဆာငရြကသငသည။အစးရတာ၀နမယႏငေသးသညက႑ မားတြင လထအဖြ႕အစညးမားမ ပါ၀ငေဆာငရြကႏငၿပး၊ လထလလားခကမားကလညး အစးရသ႔ တငျပႏငပါသည။

o   ျမနမာႏငင၏ ပညာေရးမ၀ါဒသည ဖကဒရယႏငငေရးစနစက ဦးတညသည ပညာေရးလြတလပခြင ရသငပါသည။ တငးရငးသားလမးမား စေပါငးေနထငသည ႏငငျဖစသညအေလ ာက လမးအသး သး၏ ကယပငျပ႒ာနးခြငႏင ေဒသအလက ကယပငျပ႒ာနးခြငမားရသငသည။ ထ႔ျပင ဌာေနတငး ရငးသားမားႏင လထအဖြ႕အစညးမားက တညေထာငထားေသာ ေကာငးမားႏင အစးရပညာေရး ႒ာနတ႔ ေတြ႕ဆညႏႈငးၿပး၊ အဆပါ ေကာငးမားက တရား၀ငအသအမတျပႏငေရးအတြက စတင ေဆာငရြကသငပါသည။

o   ေဒသအလကေရးဆြေသာ သငရးညႊနးတမးမားက ခြငျပသငသည။ သ႔မသာ ေဒသခတ႔၏ ယဥေကး မႈ၊ ဓေလထးစ၊ တနဖးထားမႈမား၊ သမငးအစဥအလာမားႏင သကဆငရာလမးအသးသး၏ ပညာ ဉာဏမား (Local Wisdom) ေလလာသငယႏငပါမည။သ႔ရာတြင ေဒသတခႏငတခ ကေလးမား ေကာငးေျပာငးေရႊ႕ သငယရာတြင လြယကရန ဘရညမနးခကမား ပါ၀ငေသာ သငရးညႊနးတမး (Core Curriculum) တခလညး ရသငပါသည။

o   ျမနမာႏငငသည တငးရငးသားလမးမားစြာ စေပါငးေနထငသည ႏငငျဖစသညအေလ ာက မခင ဘာသာစကား အေျချပဘာသာစကား (၃) မးစနစကငသးသငပါသည။ကေလးမား ေကာငးေန ေပာၿပး ပညာရပမားသငယႏငပါမည။ မခငဘာသာစကား၊ ျမနမာဘာသာစကားႏင အဂၤလပဘာသာ စကား (၃) မးစလး ကၽြမးကငစြာ တတေျမာကႏငသညစနစ ျဖစပါသည။

o   ျမနမာႏငင ေဒသအသးသးတြင လတငးအကး၀င၍ (inclusive) ရာသကပနသငယႏငမႈ (lifelong learning) က အားေပးသည အရညအေသြးပညာေရး (quality) ကကေလးတငး အညအမ (equity) ရရေစရန ေဆာငရြကသငသည။ သငၾကားနညးစနစမား ႏင စစေဆးသည နညးစနစ မားကလညး ျပျပငသငသည။ ေကာငးသားမားကယတင အားထတသငယ၍ စဥးစားဆငျခငမႈက ျမငတငသည သငၾကားသငယမႈမားကအားေပးသငသည။ အလြတကကမတေျဖဆရသည စာေမး ပြမားအစား ေကာငးသားမား၏သငယမႈက အားေပးျမငတငသည စစေဆးနညးမားက အသးျပသင သည။ တကသလ၀ငခြငစနစကလညး ျပျပငသငသည။

o ဆရာဆရာမမား၏ အရညအေသြးျမငမားေရးကလညး ဦးစားေပးေဆာငရြကသငသည အျခား အသကေမြး၀မးေကာငးမား၏ လစာထက မနမေသာ လေလာကသညလစာခးျမငသငသည။ ဆရာ ဆရာမမား စတ၀ငစားသည ပညာေရးက႑ႏင ဘာသာရပမားေရြးခယခြငႏင အလပအကငေနရာ ေရြးခယခြငမား ရသငသည။

o   ျမနမာႏငငသမငးတြင အစဥအလာႀကးမားေသာ ေကာငးသားမား၏ အခနးက႑ကအေလးအနက ထားသငသည။ ေကာငးသားသမဂၢမား လြတလပစြာဖြ႕စညးခြင ရသငသည။

Page 138: National Education Strategic plan 2016-21 Summary and Dr Thein Lwin (ANNER)Paper in Burmese

3/22/2017 ေ◌ဒါကࢽ ာသန◌း嗝�လင (NNER) ● ပညာေ◌ရးဝ⨘ကးဌာန၏ အမ းသားပညာေ◌ရးမဟာဗဟာစမကန◌း (၂၀၁၆­၂၀၂၁) ေအပၚ ေ◌ဝဖ⨘�က | MoeMaKa Burmese News …

http://moemaka.com/archives/57392 10/39

o   မသနစြမးကေလးငယမား၏ ပညာေရးကလညး ကနးမာေရးရႈေထာငတမးတညးမရႈျမငျခငးထက လမႈေရးရႈေထာင၊ ယဥေကးမႈရႈေထာင အစရသည ရႈေထာငအသးသးမရႈျမင၍ ကေလးအားလးႏင တနးတ မညသညေကာငး၊ မညသညဘာသာရပ၊ မညသညေဒသမဆ ပညာသငယႏငမည အခြင အလမးမား ဖနတညးေပးသငသည။ မသနစြမးကေလးမားသည ကေလးအားလးႏငတနးတ အရည အေသြးရေသာ ပညာရရေရး အတြက လအပေသာေထာကပကညမႈမား ေပးသငသည။

o   ပညာေရးအရညအေသြး (Quality Assurance) တငးတာရာတြင အရညအေသြးဆငရာစမားက ဗဟ မ ခမတျခငးထက ပညာေရးႏငသကဆငသအားလး ေဒသအားလးပါ၀ငခမတသည အရညအေသြး စ မားျဖစသငသည။ အရညအေသြးကရႈျမငရာတြင စးပြားေရးတးတကမႈအျပင တခသာမျဖစေစဘ၊ လသား ဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးဆငရာ အရညအေသြးမား ပါ၀ငသငသည။

နဂး။ျမနမာႏငင၏ ပညာေရးစနစသည ႏငငသားအားလး၏ ဘရညမနးခက (CommonGoal) က ဦးတညသငသည။ အထးသျဖင ျမနမာႏငငတြင စေပါငးေနထငၾကသည တငးရငးသားလမးအသးသး၏ ရည မနးခကမားထညသြငး ပါ၀ငသငသည။

ႏငငေခါငးေဆာငတဦး (သ႔မဟတ) အစးရတရပသည မမ၏ပညာေရးရညမနးခကေနာကသ႔ ႏငငသားအားလး၊ တငးရငးသားလမးမားအားလးက လကေစျခငးသည၊ လမးမား၏ လအပခက၊ ႏငင သားမား၏ လအပခကႏင ကကညမႈမရႏငပါ။ ႏငငေခါငးေဆာင (သ႕မဟတ) အစးရ၏ ေဆာငရြက ခကမားသည (ႏငငသားမားကခစ၍ ေဆာငရြကသညျဖစေစ) အမား၏ ဆႏၵႏင ထပတမကႏငပါ။ မသားစတခအတြငး၌ပင မဘကသားသမး၏ ဆႏၵမပါဘ ဆပႀကမးေမာငးရကႏက၍ ေကာငးသြားခငး ျခငးသည သားသမးကခစ၍ ေဆာငရြကသညဆေစကာမ၊ မဘက သ၏ဆႏၵကသာ  ဦးစားေပးလပ ေဆာငျခငးျဖစသည။ သားသမး ေကာငးမသြားလသည အေျခအေနအေၾကာငးျခငးရာကေလလာစးစမး ေမးျမနးသငသည။ ေကာငးတြင မတရားအႏငကငခေနရသလား၊ ခြျခားဆကဆျခငးခရသလား၊ ဘာသာ စကားအခကအခရလား စသညျဖင သေအာငလပၿပးမသာ မမသားသမးေပာေပာရႊငရႊင ေကာငးသြားႏင ေအာင ေဆာငရြကေပးသငသည။

ပညာေရးတြငလညး ႏငငသားမား၊ တငးရငးသားလမးမား၏ အေတြ႕အႀကခစားခကႏငဆႏၵ မားက သရေအာငလပၿပးမသာ မ၀ါဒမား၊ ဥပေဒမား၊ အေကာငအထညေဖာမႈမားေဆာငရြကသငသည။ အမးသားပညာေရးမဟာဗဟာစမကနးကလညး ႏငငသားမား၊တငးရငးသားမားႏင ေဆြးေႏြးတငပင ညႏႈငးၿပးမသာ ေရးဆြသငသည။ အစးရႏငတကြ တငးရငးသားလမးမား၊ ႏငငသားမား၏ ပညာေရး ဘရညမနးခကက ဦးတညေသာပညာေရးမ၀ါဒမားခမတရန အႀကျပအပပါသည။

ေလးစားစြာျဖငေဒါကတာသနးလြင (NNER)၂၀၁၇ မတလ (၁၀) ရက။

အမးသားပညာေရး မဟာဗဟာ စမကနး (NESP) စာအပမားက ျမနမာႏငအစးရ ျပနၾကားေရးဝနႀကးဌာန Website အငတာနက စာမကႏာတြင ရယ ဖတ႐ႈႏငပါသည။

http://www.moe.gov.mm/?q=nesp­2016­2021