natalizumab safety update january 2013

TY-PAN-0587 Date of preparation: January 2013

TYSABRI Safety Update & PML

Risk Stratification

Barts Health

January 2013

Gavin Giovannoni


Benefit / Risk

Benefit

Risk

TYSABRI

81% reduction in

relapse rate1

64% reduction in

disability

progression1

>1 in 3 patients free

of disease activity2

PML risk ≈

2.84 in 1,000 3

Other Adverse

Events Per

Labelling

How can the risk of PML be minimised?

1. Hutchinson M, et al. J Neurol. 2009;256:405-415.

2. Havrdova E, et al. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(3):254-60.

3. Biogen Idec, data on file.


PML Risk Hypothesis PML is rare and likely caused by interplay between multiple factors

Patients at higher risk of developing PML are

likely those:

• Who have JC virus and have the

pathogenic form of the virus (i.e. has an

altered NCCR and has a pathogenic

mutation in VP1).

• Who have a compromised immune system

that permits viral replication in the brain

• Who may have other risk factors such as

host genetic factors that make them

susceptible to JC virus infection and/or

PML development VP1 mutations

NCCR rearrangements

Immune function

Host genetic factors

Immunomodulating therapy


A Hypothetical Risk Stratification Tool

Anti-JCV Antibody Status

Negative Positive

Prior Immunosuppressant

Use

Natalizumab Treatment

>2 Years

Natalizumab Treatment

>2 Years

No Yes

No Yes No Yes

Lowest Highest

Relative PML Risk

1 in 14,285 1 in 1,666 1 in 192 1 in 94 1 in 555

Highest Lowest


Key Learnings: PML Risk

• Duration of natalizumab dosing prior to PML diagnosis ranged from 8 to

76 doses.1

– Mean duration of natalizumab dosing at time of PML diagnosis was

approximately 38.6 months1

• Overall incidence: 2.84 per 1000 patients (95% CI; range: 2.54 to 3.16

per 1000 patients)1

– Currently the average post-marketing natalizumab exposure worldwide is

approximately 2 or more years of natalizumab exposure.

• Factors that increase the risk of PML have been identified 2 – JCV exposure indicated by anti-JCV antibody positive status

– Receiving an immunosuppressant prior to receiving TYSABRI

– TYSABRI treatment duration, especially >2 years.


2. TYSABRI SPC


Natalizumab PML Incidence Estimates by

Treatment Duration

Biogen Idec, data on file.

Calculations based on exposure through 31 December 2012 and 323 confirmed cases as of 2 January 2013

Inc

ide

nc

e p

er

10

00

pa

tie

nts

3.16

4.46

5.06

5.64 5.42

5.22

4.90

4.15

3.80 3.89

2.54

3.57

4.04

4.46

4.16

3.87

3.45

2.67

2.20

1.89

2.84

4.00

4.53

5.02

4.76

4.51

4.13

3.35

2.92 2.75

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0


Natalizumab PML Incidence Estimates by

Treatment Epoch In

cid

en

ce p

er

10

00

pa

tie

nts

Calculations based on exposure through 31 December 2012 and 323 confirmed cases as of 2 January 2013


3.16

0.10

0.82

2.28

2.88 2.88

3.34

2.54

0.01

0.46

1.53

1.88

1.64 1.44

2.84

0.04

0.62

1.88

2.34 2.20 2.24

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0


Use of Natalizumab in the Post-Marketing Setting*

Patients

Patients

Worldwide post-marketing data from 23 Nov 2004 to 30 September 2012

*Post-marketing data includes patients exposed since 23 November 2004. This excludes approximately 5,000 patients exposed

in clinical trials: 2,200 exposed for ≥ 12 months; 1,900 exposed for ≥ 18 months; 1,600 exposed for ≥ 24 months; 1,300

exposed for ≥ 30 months; 1,000 exposed for ≥ 36 months; and 700 exposed for ≥ 42 months. Exposure are estimates and may

not fully reflect treatment interruptions that are used in certain patients.


108,300

75,800

63,700

53,100

44,100

36,100

28,600

22,000

OverallExposure

≥12 Months

≥18 Months

≥24 Months

≥30 Months

≥36 Months

≥42 Months

≥48 Months

243,846 Patient-Years

of natalizumab exposure


Anti-JCV Antibody Testing

• Current data on the assay as a risk stratification tool:

- Irrespective of MS treatment, across studies in MS patients, approximately 50-60% of

the population tested anti-JCV antibody positive1

- Preliminary data suggest that ~2-3% of patients seroconvert annually2.

• Seroconversion is defined as a patient who changed from negative to positive and remained

positive

- Low false negative rate

• STRATA: 2.5% (95% CI 0.05-4.9%)2,3

• STRATIFY-1: 2.7% (95% CI 0.9-6.2%)4

- Preliminary data suggest that ~5-10% of patients will change serostatus from anti-JCV

antibody negative to positive on retest. These patients include true seroconverters, and

those with anti-JCV antibody levels that fluctuate around the cut-point of the anti-JCV

assay2.

1. Bozic et al. Presented at AAN: April 21-28, 2012; New Orleans, LA. S41.002


3. Gorelik et al. Ann Neurol. 2010;68:295-303.

4. Bozic et al. Ann Neurol. 2011;70(5):742-50.



• As of 2nd January 2013, 120 natalizumab-treated MS PML patients with known pre-PML anti-

JCV antibody status who had samples tested for anti-JCV antibodies, all of which were

collected at least 6 months prior to PML diagnosis (range 6-187 months). Of these 120

patients:

– 118 (98%) patients tested anti-JCV antibody positive at all time points where samples were available.

– 1 patient (1%) tested anti-JCV antibody negative 9 months prior to PML diagnosis and anti-JCV

antibody positive 6.5 months prior to PML diagnosis. The patient had > 5 years of natalizumab

therapy + prior IS use.

– 1 patient (1%) tested anti-JCV antibody negative 9 months prior to PML diagnosis; no additional pre-

PML samples were available. The patient had received ~ 3-4 years of therapy + no prior IS use.

• A sample obtained from one CD clinical trial patient prior to PML diagnosis tested positive.

• In addition, one MS patient tested anti-JCV antibody negative 15 months prior to PML

diagnosis and tested positive two months before PML diagnosis. The patient had received >

3 years of natalizumab + no prior IS use. At the time of testing positive, the patient had

detectable IgM and IgG antibodies. The patient changed antibody status at some point, but

the time of serochange is unknown. The patient’s anti-JCV antibody status 6 months prior to

PML diagnosis is unknown.




1. TYSABRI SPC


• The anti-JCV antibody should not be used to diagnose PML.

• Data from a Biogen Idec study of plasma exchange (PLEX) in TYSABRI-treated MS

patients demonstrated that anti-JCV antibody levels are decreased by 2-5 fold after

PLEX and thus may lead to an anti-JCV antibody negative result in some patients with a

relatively low titer before PLEX. Anti-JCV antibody testing should not be performed

during or for at least two weeks following plasma exchange due to the removal of

antibodies from the serum.1

• One sample, collected from a patient at the time of PML diagnosis following a cycle of

PLEX tested negative for anti-JCV antibodies. Because this sample was collected

immediately following PLEX, and PLEX removes antibodies from the circulation, the

information obtained from this sample is unreliable.2


Geographic Distribution of PML Cases

• Of the 323 cases reported through 2nd January 2013:

– 116 are from the United States

– 187 are from the European Economic Area

– 20 are from the rest of the world



Status of PML Cases

* TYSABRI SPC


• As of 2nd January 2013:

– 70 patients have died (22%)

– 253 patients are alive (78%)

• It is too early to draw conclusions about the outcomes of patients who develop PML while on natalizumab treatment

• PML may be fatal or result in severe disability*

The median time to death was 2.2 months (range, 0.1 to 15.2 months) for 44 deaths as of 29th February, 2012.


Estimated PML Risk Associated with Prior IS Use

• Prior IS use in the overall natalizumab-treated population was not

known and was therefore estimated from TYGRIS*

• Compared to patients who have never been treated with a prior IS

therapy, patients with prior IS use have ~3-4-fold greater risk of PML

*http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00477113 and http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00483847



No Specific Pattern in Type of Prior IS Use Identified

in Patients with PML

• Type of prior IS use varied:

– Some patients had received more than one type of IS therapy

– Types of prior IS use included

• Mitoxantrone (n=38) • Azathioprine (n=11) • Methotrexate (n=9) • Cyclophosphamide (n=14) • Mycophenolate (n=6) • Other (n=8)

Data based on prior IS agents reported in 68 out of 197 patients with PML as of 29th February 2012

(Prior IS status was unknown for 15 patients and they were excluded from the analysis).



No Specific Pattern in Duration of Prior IS Use or

Time from Last Dose of IS in Patients with PML

• Duration of prior IS use varied:

– Mean 19.9 months, median 12.5 months (minimum 0.03 month,

maximum 204 months)

• Time from last dose of IS until start of natalizumab varied:

– Mean 25.8 months, median 17.2 months (minimum 0.5 months

and maximum 95.4 months)

Data based on prior IS agents reported in 68 out of 197 patients with PML as of 29th February 2012

(Prior IS status was unknown for 15 patients and they were excluded from the analysis).



Risk Stratification Tool: The Presence of Anti-JCV Antibodies,

Prior Immunosuppressant Use, Treatment Duration*

Data beyond 4 years of treatment are limited. *Based on natalizumab exposure and 285 confirmed PML cases as of September 5, 2012. Prior IS data in overall natalizumab-treated

MSers based on proportion of MSers with IS use prior to natalizumab therapy in TYGRIS as of May 2011; and prior IS data in PML

MSers as of September 5, 2012. The analysis assumes that 55% of natalizumab-treated MS MSers were anti-JCV antibody positive and

that all PML MSers test positive for anti-JCV antibodies prior to the onset and diagnosis of PML. The estimate of PML incidence in anti-

JCV antibody negative MSers is based on the assumption that all MSers received at least 1 dose of natalizumab . Assuming that all

MSers received at least 18 doses of natalizumab , the estimate of PML incidence in anti-JCV antibody negative MSers was generally

consistent (0.1/1000; 95% CI 0.00–0.62).

0.07/1000 95% CI 0-0.38

No Yes

Anti-JCV

Antibody Status

Negative Positive

Prior IS Use


Natalizumab

Exposure No Prior IS Use Prior IS Use

1–24 months 0.6/1000 95% CI 0.4-0.9

1.8/1000 95% CI 1.1-2.8

25–48

months

5.2/1000 95% CI 4.3-6.2

10.6/1000 95% CI 8.1-13.8

1 in 14,285

1 in 1,666

1 in 192 1 in 94

1 in 555


1. Clifford DB, et al. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:438–446


• Heightened clinical vigilance led to prompt natalizumab discontinuation upon first signs or symptoms suggestive of PML

– Median duration from symptom onset to PML diagnosis is approximately 1 month 1

• The majority of patients who developed PML in the post-marketing setting received plasma exchange (PLEX) and/or immunoadsorption (IA) to accelerate removal of natalizumab

• In the majority of natalizumab-treated patients with PML, Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) has occurred after discontinuation or removal (by PLEX) of natalizumab

• In patients who have undergone PLEX, IRIS has occurred within days to several weeks2

Key Learnings: PML Management


At this time, there are insufficient data to predict survival outcomes in patients treated with natalizumab who develop PML.

Longer-term data are required in order to more accurately predict such outcomes.

Factors that may affect survival in patients with PML

Vermersch P, et al. Neurology. 2011;76:1697-1704.


• Gender

• Prior immunosuppressant

therapy

• MS duration

• Natalizumab exposure at

PML diagnosis

• JCV DNA load in CSF at PML

diagnosis

• Gd enhancement on MRI at

diagnosis

Factors that appear to be

associated with decreased

survival Factors that do not appear to affect

survival

Factors that appear to be

associated with improved

survival

• Younger age at PML

diagnosis

• Lower pre-PML EDSS

• Shorter time from first

symptoms of PML to

diagnosis

• Localized PML extension

on MRI at diagnosis


Clinical Status of PML Cases: Karnofsky scores

Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) scores for 80 PML survivors for whom data were available. Each point represents

the score of an individual patient at the indicated interval relative to PML diagnosis; only those patients for whom KPS

scores were available for a given interval are shown.

pre-PML PML diagnosis 6-9 months 10-13 months ≥14 months

Mean 81.1 49.4 53.1 49.6 52.6

Median 80 50 50 50 50

n 33 32 45 27 25

Dong-Si et al. ECTRIMS. 2012; P1098.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Ka

rno

fsk

y S

co

res pre-PML

PML diagnosis

6-9 Months

10-13 Months

14+ Months

Mean

Median

Pre PML PML diagnosis 6-9 months 10-13 months ≥14 months

On average, Karnofsky scores decrease at PML diagnosis but remain stable through ≥14

months of follow-up


Clinical Status of PML Cases: EDSS scores

EDSS scores for 118 PML survivors for whom data were available. Each point represents the score of an individual patient

at the indicated interval relative to PML diagnosis; only those patients for whom EDSS scores were available for a given

interval are shown.

Dong-Si et al. ECTRIMS. 2012; P1098.

On average, EDSS scores increase at PML diagnosis but stabilize at 6-9 months and

remain stable through ≥14 months of follow-up

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

ED

SS

Sc

ore

s

pre-PML

PML diagnosis

6-9 Months

10-13 Months

14+ Months

Mean

Median

pre-PML PML diagnosis 6-9 months 10-13 months ≥14 months

Mean 3.7 5.2 6.3 6.4 6.6

Median 3.5 5.5 6.4 6.8 7

n 90 75 28 16 21

Pre PML PML diagnosis 6-9 months 10-13 months ≥14 months

natalizumab safety update january 2013

Health & Medicine

risk of pml

patients patients

pml risk hypothesis

date of preparation

risk factors

ms patients

jcv exposure

higher risk of developing