ehNdh njhopy; El;gj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpd; ,d;iwa epiy

Kidth;. K. rPdPthrd; kw;Wk; uh. kNf~;

(2009) ,e;jpa kUj;Jt cah; Muha;r;rp ikak;

rh]jpuh gy;fiyfofk; - jQ;rhëH

Kd;Diu

cly; kz;Zf;F caph; jkpOf;F vDk; tha;r;nrhy; thh;j;ijfshy;

jkpioNah jkpoiuNah thoitf;f ,ayhJ. fhuzk;> ek; nkhopahdJ fUj;ij

ghpkhWk; Clfkhf kl;LNk cs;sJ. cjhuzk; Xd;iwr; nrhy;yp ,ij

tpsf;FfpNwd;. xUtd; NjdPh; gUf tpUk;gpdhy; ePiu vLf;fpwhd; mjpy;

Njapiyj; J}isAk; rh;f;fiuj; J}isAk; ,l;L mij NjdPuhf gUFfpwhd;.

,q;F mtd; jz;zPh; ,y;yhky; mij jahhpf;f ,ayhJ vdpDk; mtd;

jz;zPUf;fhf mij gUFtjpy;iy. ,q;F ePhpd; epiyg;ghL vd;d vd;gij

mwptpay; ekf;F Clfk; vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. khwhf ,sePh;> ghy; ,itfis

vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs; ,tw;wpy; ePh; vd;Dk; Clfk; gpw cah;jug;nghUs;fSld;

xd;whff;;;;fye;Js;sJ. mtw;wpy; cs;s ePiu ehk; fw;gid nra;tJ $l

fpilahJ. ,ijg;Nghy xU nkhopahdJ mwptpay; rhh;e;j tpQ;Qhdj;Jld;

xd;wuhfye;j nkhopahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; ,y;iyNay; NkNy nrhd;d ePhpd;

epiy jhd; Vw;gLk.; RUf;fkhfr; nrhd;dhy;> ,t;Tyfpd; mwpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfis

Kjd;Kjyhf ehk; fz;lwpe;J mij ek; nkhopapy; ntspapl;L ek; nkhopf;F

tsKk; gyKk; Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW ,y;yhky; nkhopngah;j;J ek; nkhopapy;

Nrh;g;gJ NjdPh; cjhuzj;jpw;F rhd;whf mikAk;. ,J xU Gwk; ,Uf;f

gpbj;jpUe;j Jk;ig Nfhl;iltpl;l xUtd;> thiy njhLk; mstpy; mjid ehd;

neUq;fptpl;Nld; vd jd; rhjid gl;baiy ePstpl;l Ntbf;if fij xd;W

cs;sJ ,ij gpwF tpsf;FfpNwd.; ,g;NghJ ehk; ehNdh nlf;dhy[p vd;Dk;

mjpetPd tpQ;Qhdj;ijg; gw;wpg;ghh;g;Nghk;. mwptpaiy mwNt mwpahj xUtd;

$l ,ij mwpAk; mstpy; vspikg;gLj;jpAs;Nsd;. “lhf;lh; gphp];fphpg;];rid

nkbf;fy;f;fhud; kl;Lk; mwpthd;”> “tpQ;Qhdp gh~h mQ;Qhdpf;F NyJ” vd;w

jw;Nghija epiyik khw Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf.

.

ehNdh njhopy; El;gk; vd;why; vd;d?

kpfg;nghpa fUtpfs; kw;Wk; nghUl;fis> kpfkpfr;rpW mstpy; mjd;

nray;ghLfs; Fiwahtz;zk; tbtikg;gJ rhh;e;j njhopy;El;gk; vd $wyhk;.

,e;j njhopy; El;gk; fzpdpfs; Nghy midj;J JiwfspYk; cs;sJ.

ehNdh Jfs;fs; vd;why; vd;d?

tPL fl;l nrq;fy; Njitg;gLtJ Nghy NkNy nrhd;d ehNdh njhopy;

El;gq;fspy; ,e;j rpW Jfs;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. ve;j xU nghUisAk; kpf

Ez;zpa Jfs;fshf Mf;Fk; Kiwfs; cs;sd. ehk; md;whlk; tPl;by;

miuf;Fk; mhprp> NfhJik> Nghd;w khTfspy; $l vz;zw;w ehNdhJfs;fs;

cs;sd. ,itfs; %yf;$Wfis tpl rw;W nghpa Jfs;fs; vd;W nrhy;yyhk.;

mjhtJ if tpuy;fspy; itj;J Nja;j;jhy; tpuy;NuiffSf;Fs; kpf vspjhf

Eioe;J nfhs;Sk; mstpw;F kpf Ez;zpaitfs; Mdhy;> Njhiy CLWtp

cs;Ns nry;y ,ayhj nghpaJfs;fs;. rpytif cg;Gfs;> ePh>; Mfpait Njhypd;

cs;NsAk;> ntspNaAk;> nry;y KbAk; vd;gij ePq;fs; mwptPh;fs;.

ehNdh Jfs;fspd; gz;G vd;d?

,ij xU cjhuzj;jpd; %ykhf tpsf;FfpNwd; ehk; rhg;gpLtjw;fhf filfspy;

thq;Fk; gpul; vd;Dk; nuhl;biag;ghh;j;jpUg;gPh;fs.; mJ ePs;tbtpy; ,Ug;gjhy;

mij cz;Ztjw;;F rpW rpW rJu Jz;Lfshf eWf;fp me;j Jz;Lfspd;

,Ugf;fq;fspy; ntz;iza; my;yJ [hk; jltp cz;gJ tof;fk;. cjhuzkhf

rJu Jz;bd; xUgf;fk; jlt 1 fpuhk; ntz;id Njitg;gl;lhy; xU Jz;bw;F 2

fpuhk; Njit fhuzk; Kd;gpd; vd ,uz;L gFjpfs; ,Uf;Fk; my;yth?

,g;gbahf xU gpul;il 10 Jz;Lfshf Nghl;lhy; xt;nthU Jz;bw;F 2 fpuhk;

tPjk; 20 fpuhk; ntz;id xU gpul;bw;F Njitg;gLk;;.

rw;W Nahrpj;Jg;ghUq;fs;> 10 Jz;Lfshf eWf;Ftjw;Fgjpy; 1000 Jz;Lfshf

eWf;fpdhy; 2 fpNyh ntz;iza; Njitg;gLk;. 10000 Jz;Lfis eWf;fpdhy; 20

fpNyhTk;> xU yl;rj;jpw;F> 200 fpNyhTk; ntz;iza; Njitg;gLk; my;yth?

,jd; cs; rhh;e;j nghUs; vd;dntd;why; xU nghUis kpf Ez;zpajhf Mf;f

mjd; gug;gsT $bf;nfhz;Nl nry;fpwJ MjhtJ 200 fpNyh ntz;nzia xU

gpul;bNyNa jltptpl KbAk;. mJ kpf nky;ypa Jz;Lfshf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ

vd;gij ePq;fs; czUfpUwPHfs;.

,Nj fUj;ij Kd;dpUe;J gpd;Ndhf;fpg;ghHj;jhy;> 200 fpNyh ntz;izf;F

200fpuhk; nfhz;l 1 gpul; NghJk;. 1 fpNyh ntz;izf;F 1 fpuhk; gpul; NghJk;

mjhtJ XU KO gpul;by; 200y; XU gq;F NghJk.;

,g;gbahf vijAk; ehNdh Jfs;fshf Mf;Fk; nghOJ mjd; cUtk; kpf kpf

rpwpajhf Mfp tpLfpwJ. cjhuzk; nry;Nghd; Ngl;lhpfs;> ,itfs; kpf mjpf

msT kpd;rhuj;ij rpW cUtq;fspy; Nrkpf;fpd;wd (200 fpNyh ntz;izia xU

gpul;bNyNa jltpaJ Nghy). ,j;jifa cah; njhopy; El;g Ngl;lhpfs;

nraw;if Nfhs;fspy; nghUj;jg;gLtjhy; mjpf kpd;rhuk; Fiwe;j vilapy;

fpilf;f VJthfpwJ.

mLj;jjhf %d;W cjhuzq;fis nrhy;yptpl;L fl;Liuia Kbj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;

vd epidf;fpNwd;. mtw;wpy; Kjyhtjhf tUtJ ehNdh gbfq;fs;.

ehNdh gbfq;fs;

kio nga;tjw;F rw;W Kd;dNuh my;yJ gpd;dNuh kl;LNk thdtpy; Njhd;Wtij

ghHg;gJ tof;fk.; rpy Neuk; FspHe;j fhyq;fspy; kiotUtjw;f;F mwpFwpahf

epyit Rw;wp nghpa xsptisak; Njhd;Wtijf;$l (epyhf;Nfhl;ilia)

fz;LUg;gPh;fs; ,it midj;Jf;Fk; fhuzk;> Fsph;e;j ePuhtpahdJ J}R tbt

gdpfl;b gbfq;fshfp epiwe;jpUg;gJjhd;. ,e;j J}R tbtpy; ,Uf;Fk; rpW

gbfq;fis ehNdh gbfq;fs; vd;W $WfpNwd;. ,it ePuhy; Mdit ,ij Nghy

gy ,uhradq;fs; gytpj gbfq;fis cUthf;Ffpd;wd.

thdtpy; Rkhh; 7 epwq;fs; nfhz;lJ vd;gJ CH mwpe;j cz;ik Mdhy;

kioePhpy; ,e;j tz;zq;fs; fiue;J te;jjhf rhpj;jpuk; cz;lh? vd;why; ,y;iy.

fhuzk; xspahdJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l gz;Gfs; nfhz;l gbfq;fspy; CLWtp

nry;Yk; NghJ mitg;gphpe;J gy epw fjph;fis ntspapl;L

tz;zf;fhl;rpfshf;FfpwJ. ,J xspapd; ,aw;gpay; gz;G ,g;gz;G ntspg;gl

,e;j gbfq;fs; kpf mtrpak;. ehk; md;whlk; gad;gLj;Jk; cg;G> rh;f;fiu

,it midj;Jk; gbfq;fNs ,itfs; nts;is tz;zj;jpy; Njhd;;wpdhYk;>

,tw;iw ePhpy; fiuj;jhy; mit ghy; Nghy; Mtjpy;iy. Mdhy; jpltbtpy;

,Uf;Fk; NghJ kl;Lk; nts;isahf fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wd. fhuzk; mit xsp

miyfis gpujpgypf;fpd;wd. vdNt tz;zq;fis cz;lhf;Ftjw;F Fwpg;gpl;l

gbfq;fshy; kl;LNk KbAk;. ek; Kd;NdhHfs; ngapz;Lfs;> rhaq;fs; my;yhj

,j;jifa tz;zj; njhopy; El;gj;ij vg;gbNah mwpe;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. ,tw;iw

nfhz;Ljhd; fhyj;jhy; mopahj gy xtpaq;fis tiue;jpUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gJ

rkPgj;ija Muha;r;rpfspd; KbT. mit ePz;lfhyk; rpijTwhky; ,Uf;f tpid

Ghpahj gy ke;j cNyhfq;fs; kw;Wk; fyitfis ehNdh gbfq;fshf;fp

,j;jifa rhjidia gilj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;.

ehNdh bgpAy;fs; ehNdh bgpAy;fs; vd;git rpW rpW ehNdh Jfs;fs; ,ize;JcUthd xU

Foy; Nghd;w mikg;G ,itfs; rw;W Vwf;Fiwa ];gphpq; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk;

tpir RUs;fs;. ,itfs; tisAk; jd;ik> ePSk;jd;ik Nghd;w cUtj;ij

khw;Wk; jd;ik nfhz;lit> Mdhy; ,itfs; fz;fSf;Fj; njhpahj kpf

Ez;zpa fhp%yf;$Wfshy; Mdit. J}a jq;fj;jpy; jhkpuk; Nrh;j;jhy; kl;LNk

Mguzk; nra;a ,aYk;. mNjNghy J}a ,Uk;gpy; cgfuzq;fs; nra;tjpy;iy.

mjpy; fhp%yf;$W Nrh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; msT mjpfhpf;f mjpfhpf;f ,Uk;Gf;

fyit cile;J nehWq;Fk; jd;ik mjpfkhfpwJ. ,ij thHg;G ,Uk;G vd;gh;.

mNj Nghy fhpfyit Fiwa Fiwa ,Uk;G tisAk; jd;ik ngUFfpwJ.

mt;thhpy;yhJ rkg;gLj;jg;gl;l fyit v/F vdg;gLfpwJ. ,JNt ngUk;ghYk;

midj;J cgfuzq;fSf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. epw;f ,J njhlHghf xd;iw

tpsf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

JUf;fp ehl;L kd;dh;fs; gz;ila fhyj;jpy; RUs; fj;jpfs; (lkh];f];

fj;jpfs; - ehk; glj;jpy; ghHg;gitfs; fw;gidf; fj;jpfs;) itj;jpUe;jhHfs.;

,f;fj;jpfs; jw;nghOJ njhy;ypaj;Jiw %yk; me;ehl;by; guhkhpf;fg;gl;L

tUfpwJ. ,j;jifa fj;jpfs; tisAk; jd;ik nfhz;litfs; Mdhy; cWjp

tha;e;jitfs;. ,ij Muha;r;rp nra;j Rtp]; ehl;L tpQ;Qhdp mjpy; cs;s

fhHgd; ehNdh bgpa+y;fs; jhd; ,j;jd;ikf;F fhuzk; vd fz;lwpe;jhH.

mj;Jld; mf;fj;jpapd; tuyhw;iw Gul;b ghHj;j NghJ JUf;fp kd;dh;fs;

rw;W Vwf;Fiwa 2000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; mtw;iw ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s

i`juhghj; khfhz kd;dh;fsplk; ,Ue;J tpiyf;F thq;fpajhf njhpe;jJ.

me;j kd;dh;fs; njd;dhl;by; jiyrpwe;j Nryk; nfhy;ypkiyapy; ,Ue;J me;j

,Uk;G jhJitAk; mjd; gf;Ftk; nray; KiwfisAk;; nfhz;L nra;jpUj;jpf;f

Ntz;Lk; vd Njhd;WfpwJ.

%d;whtjhf ehNdh Ngg;hpf;Nfrd; gw;wpghHg;Nghk;.

ehNdh Ngg;hpNfrd;

Ngg;hpf;Nfrd; vd;gJ cUt tbtikg;gjhFk;. cjhuzkhf tpz;ntspf;F

mDg;gg;gLk; xU nraw;ifNfhspd; vilapd; Rkhh; xU fpNyh vd fzf;fpy;

nfhz;lhy; Rkhh; 500 fpNyh vilAs;s vhpnghUs; Njitg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j

vhpnghUspd; ngUk;gq;F vhpnghUis Rke;J nry;yNt gad;gLfpwNj jtpu

mjdhy; nrYj;jg;gLk; nraw;ifNfhs; xU fpNyh kl;LNk. mjhtJ ,uz;L

fpNyh nraw;if NfhSf;F xU ld; vil nfhz;l vhpnghUs; Njit.

,ij Kd;dpUe;J gpd;Ndhf;fp ghh;j;jhy; mjhtJ ,uz;LfpNyh nraw;if Nfhis

kpf Ez;zpajhf mjd; jpwd;khwhky; 20 fpuhk; mstpy;> mjhtJ 100y; xU

gq;fhf Fiwj;J tbtikj;jhy;. mjw;F Njitg;gLk; vhpnghUspd; msT Rkhh;

10 fpNyh kl;LNk ,q;F xU ld; vilf;Fk; 10 fpNyh vilf;Fk; cs;s vhpnghUs;

Njit gw;wp ePq;fs; czuKbAk;

my;yJ vhpnghUis xU ld;dhf itj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; 100 uhf;fl;Lfspy; nrYj;j

Ntz;ba ,j;jifa nraw;if Nfhs;fis xNu uhf;fl;by; nrYj;jptplyhk;. vdNt

,e;j ehNdh Ngg;hpNfrd; nraw;if Nfhs; njhopy;El;gj;jpy; gq;Nfw;fpwJ. epw;f.

,e;jpah tpz;ntsp;Jiwapy; mile;j tsh;r;rpf;F u~;a ehL mikj;J

nfhLj;j mbj;jsq;fs; xU Kf;fpa fhuzk;. u~;ah ,e;jpahtpw;F kl;Lky;y

mnkhpf;fh epytpy; fhy;gjpj;jjw;F $l xU fhuzkhf mike;jJ vd;gJ

cyfwpe;j cz;ik. Mdhy; gpd;dh; mnkhpfhtpy; cs;s “ehrh” vd;w

tpz;ntspj;Jiw fpLfpLntd tsh;e;J cyfpw;Nf “ehrh” nrhd;dhy; jhd; rhp

vDk; epiyf;F jd;id tsg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ. ,j;jifa ngah; ngw;w ,e;j

epWtdj;jpy; gzpahw;Wtij mnkhpf;fh;fs; $l kpf cah;thf epidf;Fk;

fhyj;jpy;> ek; FbauR jiyth; lhf;lh; mg;Jy;fyhk; mth;fSf;F> mq;F rpy

fhyk; gzpahw;Wk; tha;g;G fpilj;jJ. mg;nghOJ mth; ,e;jpa tpz;ntspj;Jiw

Ma;T epiyakhd ,];Nuhtpy; gzpahw;wpf;; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. mnkhpf;fh;fSf;Nf

ngUik tha;e;j ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ,e;jpah; xUth; tpUe;jhspahf nrd;W

gzpahw;WtJ fpilj;jw;fhpa tha;ghf vz;zp kfpo;e;jhh;. me;j ehSk; te;jJ

md;W Kjy; Kiwahf ehrhtpw;Fs; fhy; itj;J cs;Ns EioAk; NghJ mjd;

tuNtw;giwapy; ,Ue;j gpukhz;lkhd xU Xtpaj;ijghh;j;J gpukpj;Jg; Nghdhh;.

me;j Xtpaj;jpy; goq;fhy kdpjh;fs; uhf;nfl;fis gad;gLj;JtJ Nghy

tiuag;gl;bUe;jJ. mij $H;e;J ghh;j;J mjpy; vOjg;gl;bUe;j thrfj;ij gbj;j

NghJ> ekJ ghuj tpQ;Qhdp nka; rpyph;j;Jg;Nghdhh;. Vd; vd;W njhpa

cq;fSf;Fk; Mh;tk;jhNd? Kjypy; uhf;nfl;il fz;Lgpbj;J mij

gad;gLj;jpath;fs; vd;Wk;;> mth; jpg;GRy;jhd; kd;dh; ik#H khepyk;;> ,e;jpah

vd;Wk; vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,tiu me;epa gilfs; Njhw;fbj;J ,tuJ ,e;j

njhopy; El;gj;ij mit mgfhpj;J gpd;dh; mij Nkk;gLj;jp tpz;ntspf;F

nry;Yk; mstpw;F njhopy;El;gj;ij tsh;j;Jf;nfhz;ldh;. ,ijr; nrhy;YtJ

me;epah; mJTk; ehrh vd;gij epidtpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. ,e;epfo;r;rpia

lhf;lh; mg;Jy;fyhk; jd;Dila Rarhpij Ehyhd mf;fpdp rpwFfs; vd;w Ehypy;

vOjpAs;shh;.

u~;aehL cjtp ,y;iyNay; ek; ehl;L uhf;nfl;Lfspd; “gpuk; ml;u];”

=`hpNfhl;lh “L” ml;u]; tq;f fly; vd;w fhnkb xU fhyj;jpy; epytpaij

ahUk; mwpth.; ,d;wstpYk; thdtpay; VTfiz tpkhd njhopy; El;gk;> fg;gy;

fl;Ljy;> Nghh; jsthlq;fs; Nghd;w vz;zw;w njhopy; El;gq;fs; u~;;a ehl;bd;

fUk;gpy; gpopag;gl;L jahhpf;fg;gl;l nty;yf;fl;bfs; jhd;. fUk;G ,y;iyNay;

nty;yk; ,y;iy. ,e;j fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; ,e;jpa tpQ;Qhdk; mwptpay; vDk;

cUtk; $l ,y;yhj fspkz; cUz;ilfshf ,Ue;jJ. jw;NghJ ,it fz;>

fhJ> %f;F nfhz;l cUjhpj;j nghk;ikfshfptUfpwJ. ,J jj;&tk; vLf;f ek;

ehLk; ek; kf;fSk; Kd;dh; nrhd;d jz;zPiu ,sePuhf;FtJ Nghd;w Ntiyfspy;

<LgLj;jpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ vd; tpUg;gk;.

KbTiu

,tw;iw itj;J ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ cyfpd; mjpetPd njhopy; El;gkhd

ehNdh gbfq;fs; kw;Wk; ehNdh bgpAy;fs;> uhf;fl;Lfs; ,e;jpahtpw;F Vwf;Fiwa

2000 Mz;Lfs; goikahditfs;. ,g;nghOJ cq;fSf;F Jk;ig tpl;L thiy

gpbj;j fij GhpAk; vd epidf;fpNwd;;. ,tw;iwg;Nghy gy tpaj;jF

Muha;r;rpfshd kUj;Jtk;> fl;blf;fiy> thdtpay; Nghd;w gy mwptpay;

gilg;Gfs; ek;ehl;by; kz;NzhL kz;zha; Gije;JNghdJ. ,tw;iw ehk;

J}Rjl;b Nkk;gLj;jpdhy; ,d;iwa tsh;e;j cyfk; ekf;F gpd;dhy; 2000

Mz;LfSf;F nry;Yk; vd;gJ [akpy;iy. mg;nghOJ jhd; “jkpod; vd;W

nrhy;ylh jiy epkph;e;J epy;ylh” vd;W nrhy;y Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,Uf;fhJ.

,g;NghJ nrhy;y Ntz;banjy;yhk;.

“mwptpaiy gbalh mjd;gb epy;ylh

Muha;r;rp nra;alh md;dpaid Ke;jlh

Mf;fg;gzp nra;alh mjpf yhgk; nfhs;slh

Mztj;ij nfhy;ylh Mde;jkha; tholh

md;id nkhop tsh;g;gjw;F mt;topNa Nkylh”

,e;j fl;Liuapd; Mrphpah; Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpAs;s ,e;jpa ejpfis

,izg;gJ rhj;jpakh? vd;w tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;g fl;Liu Njrpa mstpy;

eilngw;wfUj;juq;fpy; Kjy; ghpR ngw;wNjhL Kjy; Fbkfd; lhf;lh;

mg;Jy;fyhk; mth;fspd; ghuhl;ilAk; ngw;wJ. mtuhy; ghpe;Jiu nra;ag;gl;Lk;

,d;Dk; mj;Jiwfspy; ,Ue;J ve;j xU gjpYk; gy Mz;Lfs; MfpAk;

fpilf;ftpy;iy vd;gjpypUe;J xU ghid Nrhw;Wf;F xU NrhW gjk; vd;W ek;

tpQ;Qhd epiyFwpj;J eph;zapf;fTk;.

,tw;iwg;Nghd;W ghJfhg;ghd> mjp etPd mZrf;jpapd; gad;ghL> khw;W

vhpnghUs;> rk;ge;jkhd njhopy;El;gq;fs; Nghd;w gy fUj;Jf;fs; xUfhjpd;

topNa Eioe;J kWfhJ topNa Ngha;f;nfhz;Ls;sJ mjpfhhpfs; Mtz

nra;ahtpl;lhYk;> rhpah? jtwh? vDk; gjpYf;F$lth gy;babg;gJ?.