NANOTECHNOLOGY: ENGINEERING A BETTER FUTURE

WIEF FORUM, KUALA LUMPUR / MALAYSIA

MEHMET BAYINDIRDEPUTY DIRECTOR

UNAM-NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTERINSTITUTE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND NANOTEHNOLOGYDEPARTMENT OF PHYSICSBILKENT UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY

Google search: UNAM04/19/23

A KEY TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

OUTLINE

204/19/23

NANOTECHNOLOGY: DEFINITION, EXAMPLES FROM NATURE, REVOLUTION VS EVOLUTION, BEAUTY OF SMALL, SUSTAINLIBILITY, IMPACTS ON SOCEITY (ECONOMY, ETHICS), CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK, CHALLENGES

NANOTECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT: TIMING IS CRITICAL, BASIC RESEARCH, INFRASTRUCTURES AND FUNDING, IP MANAGEMENT, VECTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ENGINEERING A BETTER FUTURE

MUSLIM WORLD AT A CROSSROAD: NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH IN OIC COUNTRIES, PROPOSALS FOR ENHANCING THE NETWORKING

TURKEY’S PERSFECTIVE (UNAM): FIRST NATIONAL CENTER, USER FACILITY, INTERDISIPLINARY GRADUATE PROGRAMS, CREATING ENVIRONMENT FOR INNOVATION, RESEARCH OUTPUT, FROM LABORATORY INTO MARKET

NANOTECHNOLOGY

DEFINITIONEXAMPLES FROM NATUREREVOLUTION VS EVOLUTIONBEAUTY OF SMALLSUSTAINLIBILITYIMPACTS ON SOCEITY (ECONOMY, ETHICS)CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE OUTLOOKCHALLENGES

NANOTECHNOLOGY: DEFINITION

404/19/23

NANOTECHNOLOGY INVOLVES THE DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION, PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF STRUCTURES, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS BY CONTROLLING SHAPE AND SIZE AT NANOMETRE SCALE (1-100 NM)

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NANOFIBERSDNA ORIGAMI

FROM NATURE: PEACOCK FEATHERS

504/19/23

NANOPHOTONIC CRYSTALS

FROM NATURE: GEOKO

604/19/23

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NUMBER OF SPATULA IN A FOOT ~1 BILLION INTERMOLECULAR FORCE IS RESPOSIBLE

FOR THE STRONG BINDING WITH SURFACES

A GECKO CAN LIFT 130 KG WEIGTHSPATULA

TIME

SCALE

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TECHNICAL REVOLUTIONS

704/19/23 MODIFIED FROM 1986 NOBEL LAUREATE DR. HENRY ROHRER’S TALK (UNAM, 2010)

GEO REVOLUTION

1492

KILOMETER

EXPLORE THE WORLD

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1769

MILLIMETER

PHYSICAL TASKS

MECHANICS ELECTRICITY

IT REVOLUTION

1947

MICROMETER

SIMPLE MENTAL TASKS

MICROELECTRONICSMICROMECHANICS

NANO REVOLUTION

1979

NANOMETER

COMPLEX MENTAL TASKS

NANOELECTRONICSNANOMECHANICSNANOCHEMISTRYNANOBIOLOGY

NANOTECHNOLOGY CAN NOT BE JUST AN EXTENSION FROM THE MICRO- TO THE NANO-METER SCALE, IT HAS TO OFFER FUNDEMENTALLY NEW PROSPECTS IN ORDER TO SPARK A REVOLUTION

NATURE IS THE PERFECT NANO-SYSTEM

804/19/23

NANO IS THE SCALE OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES AND

RULES LIVING NATURE [ MICRO RULES TODAY’S TECHNICAL WORLD ]

NATURE IS THE PERFECT NANO-SYSTEM

THE FUNDAMENTAL SHAPES, MOTIONS, PROCESSES HAPPEN TO BE ON THE NM SCALE AND

ARE SYNTHEZISED TO MICRO- AND MACRO-SHAPES, MOTIONS, PROCESSES

MODIFIED FROM 1986 NOBEL LAUREATE DR. HENRY ROHRER’S TALK (UNAM, 2010)

THE TECHNICAL STRATEGY OF LIVING NATURE IS SENSE & ACTUATE {SMALL BY SMALL}{WEAK BY WEAK} {MANY BY MANY}

NANO: BEAUTY OF SMALL

904/19/23 MODIFIED FROM 1986 NOBEL LAUREATE DR. HENRY ROHRER’S TALK (UNAM, 2010)

SMALL IS POWERFULINTERMOLECULAR FORCE

SMALL IS SUSTAINABLELITTLE ENERGY CONSUMPTIONLITTLE BUT BEST SUITED MATERIAL

SMALL FOR EXCELLENT PERFORMANCE SMALLER, FASTER, CHEAPER

SMALL RULES LARGE SMALL IS BEAUTIFULSO

IMPACTS ON SOCEITY (ECONOMY, ETHICS)

1004/19/23

IS POPULATION GROWTH SUSTAINABLE?IS AGING SUSTAINABLE?HOW WE MANAGE ETHICAL PROBLEMS?

THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTO NANOPORE-BASED SENSORS IS TO BE ABLE TO SEQUENCE THE HUMAN GENOME FOR UNDER $1,000. ASSUME THAT WE WILL DEVELOP THIS TECHNOLOGY IN YEAR 2014. WHAT’S NEXT?

YEAR COST FOR A NEWBORN GENOME SEQUENCING

1990 3,000,000,000 (USD)

2001 500,000,000

2007 1,000,000

2009 100,000

2014 1,000

WE NEED SUSTAINABLE BIO-ECONOMYBUT HOW? THEN NOT SO EASY QUESTIONS:

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TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: INVESTMENTS

1104/19/23

62 COUNTRIES HAVE NANOTECHNOGY PROGRAMS NUMBERS OF NANOCENTERS EXCEEDS 310 IN THE WORLD TOTAL INVESTMENT IN THE WORLD: 18 BILLION USD / YEAR 2008 GROWTH RATE: 17% (USA), 27% (REST OF THE WORLD) ASIA IN THE LEAD SINCE 2006 5.9 B$=1.9B$ (FEDERAL) +2.7B$ (CORPORATE R&D)+1B$ (VENTURE CAP.) TOTAL INVESTMENT IN TURKEY: ~45 MILLION USD (2006-2010)

Total funding for nanotechnology (from all sources, including government, corporate R&D, and venture capital), plotted by year

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TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: PUBLICATIONS

1204/19/23

The number of nanotechnology papers has grown from about 8,000 in 1991 to about 87,000 in 2009

27 nations in European Union (EU27) leads in number of publications China’s share of publications in leading journals is increasing at about the same

rate as the United States’ share is decreasing China still lags behind the United States and Europe in publication quality (impact)

Total number of nanotechnology publications appearing in the Science Citation Index by year

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TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: PUBLICATIONS

1304/19/23

Country Total # of papers Nano papers Percentage (%)Singapore 9324 1530 16.4China 131742 20186 15.3South Korea 40515 5278 13.0Iran 16072 1892 11.8India 40748 4682 11.5Taiwan 24476 2778 11.3Russia 23662 2306 9.7Japan 77544 6556 8.5EU-27 475745 24932 5.2USA 404226 18472 4.6Turkey 22558 876 3.9England 97784 3576 3.7

Percentage of nanotechnology publications in year 2010

ASIA’S HEAVY INVESTMENT RESULTS IN COMPARABLE HIGH NANOTECHNOLOGY OUTPUTS.

TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: PATENTS

1404/19/23

Patent activity is a key metric of technology creation

Patent filing activity in China rose sharply during the period 2000-2004 and overtook the United States during 2005-2008

China’s patent trends, combined with its expected future economic growth, could afford it widespread nanotechnology protection in one of the world’s largest markets in coming decades

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Source: Kisliuk B, USTPO, unpublished study on comparative patent filings, January 2010

TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

1504/19/23

Nanotechnology market is growingAn estimated $224 billion worth of final products sold worldwide made some use of nanotechnology components in 2009, up from $135 billion in 2007.

Nanotechnology final products55% was from the materials and manufacturing industry sector, including products such as automobiles, industrial equipment, and building and construction. These products made use of nanotechnology-based components such as coatings, composites, and electronic components.

32% of the final products were from the electronics and information technology sector, and included items such as mobile devices with displays and antimicrobial coatings enhanced with nanotechnology.

12% of nanotechnology-based products were in the healthcare and life sciences sector, primarily from nano-enabled drug delivery systems

1% of nanotechnology-based products came from the energy and environmental sector and included items such as nano-enabled filtration membranes or batteries.

TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

1604/19/23

Signature initiatives that would drive the next 10 years• Nanomedicine (e.g., imaging, diagnostics and therapeutics; antibiotics; gene regulation);• Energy storage, generation, and conversion;• Environmental diagnostics and cleanup;• Structural and multi-functional nanocomposites;• Homeland security (e.g., chemical and biological detection and monitoring); • Manufacturing nanotechnology-based products.

Rapid growth of number of nanotechnology-based products and companies

Explosive growth in energy and environmental applications of nanotechnology

In 2008, this sector accounted for 29 percent of all nanotechnology funding by the Federal Government, 14 percent of all corporate nanotechnology funding, 41 percent of venture capital funding, 21 percent of nanotechnology publications, and 59 percent of all nanotechnology patents

CHALLENGES

1704/19/23

NANO RESEARCH STILL REQUIRES EXPENSIVE EQUIPMENT

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF NANOPRODUCTS

SUSTAINABLE FUNDING: RAPID COMMERCIALIZATION FOR

CONTINOUS FEDERAL AND VENTURE CAPITAL SUPPORTS

NANOMETROLOGY: DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST, RELIABLE

INSTRUMENTS

STANDARDIZATION

THE CENTRAL CHALLENGE OF NANOSCALE MATERIAL SCIENCE: GROWTH & FABRICATION OF GIVEN STRUCTURES OR COMPONENTS AT GIVEN LOCATIONS FOR GIVEN FUNCTIONS

NANO- INTERFACE: INTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT

CONNECTING NANOSTRUCTURE TO MACRO & MICRO SCALE COMPONENTS

NANOTECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT

TIMING IS CRITICALTARGETED BASIC RESEARCHINFRASTRUCTURES AND FUNDINGIP MANAGEMENTVECTURE CAPITAL SUPPORTSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTENGINEERING A BETTER FUTURE

A KEY TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

1904/19/23

TARGETED BASIC RESEARCH

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

MANAGEMENT

SUSTAINABLE FUNDING

CONSTRUCTING INFRASTRUCTURES

EARLY INVESTMENT IN NANOTECHNOLOGY AS A REVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH AREA IS AN OPTION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR A COUNTRY

VENTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT

INTERNATIONAL NETWORKING

ETHICAL ISSUES

RESEARCHERSENGINEERS

TECHNICIANS

INTERDISCIPLINARY BEHAVIOUR

PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

BETTER FUTURE

MUSLIM WORLD AT A CROSSROAD

NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH IN OIC COUNTRIESPROPOSALS FOR ENHANCING THE NETWORKING

TRENDS IN OIC COUNTRIES

2104/19/23

GOVERNMENTS SUPPORT DRIVES NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH OUTPUTS IN LEADING OIC COUNTRIES

TURKEY IRAN S. ARABIA

NANOPHOTONICSNANOBIOTECHNOLOGYENERGY STORAGENANOMATERIALS (3)NANOSCALE SENSORNANOCATALYSTSBIOTECHNOLOGY

NANOPARTICLES (5)NANOFIBERSNANOFLUIDS (2)NANOTUBES (2)

NANOPARTICLES (5)NANOFILTRATION (2)NANOCRYSTALSBIO SENSORNANOCATALYSTS

NANOMATERIALS FOCUS

DIVERSE FIELDS

NANOMATERIALS FOCUS

NUMBER OF PAPERS: 1665IMPACT: H-INDEX=45CITATION/PAPER=7.6

NUMBER OF PAPERS: 5487IMPACT: H-INDEX=40CITATION/PAPER=2.7

NUMBER OF PAPERS: 602IMPACT: H-INDEX=18CITATION/PAPER=2.6

SINGAPORENUMBER OF PAPERS: 5493IMPACT: H-INDEX=114CITATION/PAPER=15.0

PROPOSAL 1

2204/19/23

ESTABLISHING A WORLD-CLASS NANOTECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE

GRADUATE PROGRAMS: RAISING OUR FUTURE NANOSCIENTISTS

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) OFFICE

START-UP COMPANIES: VENTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT

ENHANCESING COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN OIC MEMBER COUNTRIES

BUDGET: 30 MILLION USD FOR INFOSTRUCTURE 100 MILLION USD FOR EQUIPMENTS 10-20 MILLION USD FOR YEARLY RUNNING COST

HUMAN RESOURCES: 1,000 PHD STUDENTS 200 POST-DOCS

500 RESEARCHERS (200+300) 100 HIGH-TECH COMPANIES

PROPOSAL 2

2304/19/23

LONG-TERM SCIENTIST EXCHANGE BETWEEN EXISTING NANOCENTERS

12-24 MONTHS

TARGETED RESEARCH AREAS

FINANCIAL SUPPORT (SALARY, RESEARCH GRANTS, EQUIPMENT

USAGE FEE)

UNAM CAN HOST 20-30 SCIENTISTS/YEAR

BUDGET: 50,000-100,000 USD / PER PERSON

PROPOSAL 3

2404/19/23

SHARING EXPERTISE BETWEEN THE EXISTING NANOCENTERS

TRAINING OF TECHNICIAN (TEM, FIB, SEM, XPS, AFM, …)

CLEAN ROOM TRAINING

4-6 WEEKS SHORT VISITS

FOCUSED WORKSHOPS FOR TECHNICIANS

BUDGET: 5,000-10,000 USD / PER PERSON

PROPOSAL 4

2504/19/23

NANOTECHNOLOGY COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH PROJECTS

AT LEAST 3 DIFFERENT OIC MEMBERS SHOULD PARTICIPATE

TARGETED RESEARCH FIELDS

PARTIALY SUPPORTED BY HIGH-TECH COMPANIES

EU FP7 FRAMEWORK HAS SIMILAR PROJECTS

BUDGET: 1,000,000-5,000,000 USD / PER PROJECT

PROPOSAL 5

2604/19/23

SUPPORTING INDIVIDUAL SCIENTIST TO USE EXISTING NANOCENTERS

SHORT TERM VISITS (1-2 WEEKS)

PHD STUDENTS, RESEARCHERS

TRAVEL , ACCOMMODATION, CONSUMABLE, NANOCENTER

USAGE FEE

BUDGET: 5,000-10,000 USD / PER PERSON

TURKEY’S PERSFECTIVE UNAM

FIRST NATIONAL CENTERUSER FACILITYINTERDISIPLINARY GRADUATE PROGRAMSCREATING ENVIRONMENT FOR INNOVATIONRESEARCH OUTPUTFROM LABORATORY INTO MARKET

NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER

2804/19/23

History: 2006 - 2010 Total laboratory and office space: 9000 m2

Number of laboratories: 62 Number of researchers: +250 (600, in 3 years) Total investment: 50 Million $ Number of users: +450 (Universities, Industry, International)

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INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY

2904/19/23

~100 Graduate Students (400 in 3 years)

NANOTECHNOLOGY EDUCATION: MS & PHD PROGRAMSRAISING OUR FUTURE NANOTECHNOLOGY EXPERTS

UNAM LABORATORIES

3004/19/23

BASEMENT LEVEL

GROUND LEVEL

1. FLOOR

2. FLOOR

3. FLOOR

4. FLOOR

5. FLOOR

IMAGING AND CHARACTERIZATION

CLEANROOM: MICRO- & NANO-FABRICATION

LASER AND SPECTROSCOPY

NANO-OPTICS, -PHOTONICS, -ELECTRONICS

NANOMATERIALS

NANOCHEMISTRY

NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

UNAM LABORATORIES

3104/19/23

+150 Equipments

STATE-OF-THE-ART EQUIPMENTS INVENTORY WORLD-CLASS EXPERTS

UNAM LABORATORIES

3204/19/23

Nanochemisty

Nanobiotechnology

62 LABORATORIES INCLUDING NANOMATERIALS, FUNCTIONAL TEXTILE, MEMS/NEMS SENSORS, MOLECULAR NANOTECHNOLOGY, PHOTOVOLTAICS

IMAGING AND CHARACTERIZATION

3304/19/23

TEM

SEM

E-BEAM

DUAL-BEAM

IMAGING AND CHARACTERIZATION

3404/19/23

XPS

MICROTOME

AFM

NMR

IMAGING AND CHARACTERIZATION

3504/19/23

MPD

MRD

SNOM

AFM

UNAM CLEANROOM

3604/19/23

400 m2, 10, 100 & 1000 CLASSES

UNAM CLEANROOM: FLOOR PLAN

3704/19/23

1 Mask writer2 Furnaces3 Mask aligner I4 Mask aligner II5 Bench I6 ALD I7 ALD II8 LPCVD9 RTA10 ICP I11 ICP II12 Asher13 Workstation I14 Workstation I15 PECVD16 Sputtering17 E-beam18 Thermal Evap.19 Bench II20 Bench III21 Bench IV

22 Critical P. D.23 Dicing saw24 Organic evap.25 Semiconductor P. A.

26 MOCVD27 Optical microscope28 Stylus profilometer29 Optical profilometer30 Network analyzer

31 Probe station I32 Probe station II33 E-Beam writer34 SEM

UNAM IN 2015?

3804/19/23

INFRASTRUCTURE:

INVESTMENT OVER 100 MILLION USD

70 LABORATORIES WITH 300 EQUIPMENTS

WORKFORCE:

100 RESEARCHERS

400 GRADUATE STUDENTS

50 ENGINEERS AND TECHNICIANS

10 STAFF

50 USERS (DAILY)

USER FACILITY:

TOTAL NUMBER OF USERS FROM TURKEY: 1000

TOTAL NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL USERS: 250

RESEARCH OUTPUT:

70 MILLION USD NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL GRANTS

(YEARLY)

400 PUBLICATIONS PER YEAR IN LEADING SCI JOURNALS

50 PATENT APPLICATIONS PER YEAR

30 START-UP COMPANIES

ESTABLISHING NATIONAL CENTER CONCEPT IN TURKEY

3904/19/23

CUTTING EDGE BASIC RESEARH[ MANPOWER, INFRASTRUCTURE, FUNDING ]

RAISING FUTURE NANOSCIENTISTS AND

ENGINEERS[ GRADUATE PROGRAMS,

WORKSHOPS ]

USER FACILITY (365/24 )[ ENGINEERS, ACADEMIC SUPPORT,

TRAINING ]

TRANSFER RESEARCH OUTPUT INTO MARKET [ SART-UP COMPANIES,

IP MANAGENENT, CONSULTING,

INDUSTRY PROJECTS ]

IMPACT: PUBLICATIONS IN HIGH-QUALITY JOURNALS

4004/19/23

JOURNAL IMPACT FACTOR(5 YEARS)

PERCENTAGE (%)# OF PUBLICATIONS IN 2011 / TOTAL # OF

PUBLICATIONS IN PAST

NATURE MATERIALS 33.4 100

NANO LETTERS 12.8 67

ANGEWANTE CHEMIE 12.1 50

ADVANCED MATERIALS 11.3 25

ACS NANO 10.0 80

LAB ON A CHIP 6.9 50

NANOSCALE 4.1 100

A NEW NANOFABRICATION TECHNIQUE

4104/19/23

BAYINDIR RESEARCH GROUP

NANOWIRES WITHOUT END

4204/19/23

ULTIMATE SIZE REDUCTIONKILOMETER-LONG NANOSTRUCTURESA NEW TOP-TO-BOTTOM SCHEME IN NANOTECHNOLOGY

CREATING FAVORABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR INNOVATION

4304/19/23

TARGETED RESEARCH AREAS

NANOTECHNOLOGY

BASIC RESEARCH

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

LARGE-SCALE COMPANIES

START-UP COMPANIES VENTURE CAPITAL

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

GRADUATE PROGRAMS

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FUNDINGGOVERNMENT

INDUSTRYEUROPEAN

UNION

UNAM CASE

UNAM-ORIGINATED START-UP COMPANIES

4404/19/23

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FROM LABORATORY TO MARKET WITHIN 2 YEARS

OUTLINE

4504/19/23

NANOTECHNOLOGY: DEFINITION, EXAMPLES FROM NATURE, REVOLUTION VS EVOLUTION, BEAUTY OF SMALL, SUSTAINLIBILITY, IMPACTS ON SOCEITY (ECONOMY, ETHICS), CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK, CHALLENGES

NANOTECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT: TIMING IS CRITICAL, BASIC RESEARCH, INFRASTRUCTURES AND FUNDING, IP MANAGEMENT, VECTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ENGINEERING A BETTER FUTURE

MUSLIM WORLD AT A CROSSROAD: NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH IN OIC COUNTRIES, PROPOSALS FOR ENHANCING THE NETWORKING

TURKEY’S PERSFECTIVE (UNAM): FIRST NATIONAL CENTER, USER FACILITY, INTERDISIPLINARY GRADUATE PROGRAMS, CREATING ENVIRONMENT FOR INNOVATION, RESEARCH OUTPUT, FROM LABORATORY INTO MARKET

PEPTIDE NANOFIBERS

4604/19/23

50 nm

Heparin Mimetic Peptide Nanofibers Promote Angiogenesis

Peptitde nanofibers promote faster wound healing at in vivo model

In vivo angiogenesis was promoted byBiomimetic peptide nanofibers

R. Mammadov, B. Mammadov, S. Toksoz, B. Aydin, R. Yagci, A. B. Tekinay, and M. O. Guler, “Heparin Mimetic Peptide Nanofibers Promote Angiogenesis”, 2011, Biomacromolecules, DOI: 10.1021/bm200957s.