nanoscience - from curiosity driven research to practical ...€¦ · v. smil, enriching the earth:...
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Nanoscience - From curiosity driven research to practical results
Kurt W Kolasinski
Chemistry, West Chester University
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Accounts of Chemical Research 50 (2017) Holy Grails in Chemistry
! Sea Spray Aerosol: The Chemical Link between the Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climate (Grassian)
! Controlling Silica in Its Crystalline and Amorphous States: A Problem in Surface Science (Freund)
! Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Central Science for a Sustainable Future (Friend)
! Nanomaterials and Global Sustainability (Hamers)
! Semiconductor Surface Chemistry as Holy Grail in Photocatalysis and Photovoltaics (Kamat)
! The Holy Grail: Chemistry Enabling an Economically Viable CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Storage Strategy (Carter)
! Toward Cost-Effective and Sustainable Use of Precious Metals in Heterogeneous Catalysts (Xia)
! Future Porous Materials (Kitagawa)
! CO2−Water−Rock Wettability: Variability, Influencing Factors, and Implications for CO2 Geostorage (Iglauer)
! Solar Fuels and Solar Chemicals Industry (Nocera)
! Cyborgian Material Design for Solar Fuel Production: The Emerging Photosynthetic Biohybrid Systems (Peidong Yang)
! The Rise of Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells (Grätzel)
! Catalysts by Design: The Power of Theory (Hammes-Schiffer)2
Too Precious to be Expensive
! Energy
! Ammonia
! Water
What do nanoscience & surface chemistry have to offer?
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Challenges in Surface/Nano/Materials Chemistry
! Solar! Solar!! Solar!!!
" Nanocrystalline materials for light conversions
" Charge transfer dynamics
" Thin films of conducting organic polymers
" Solar fuels
! Batteries
" Electrodes
" Electrolytes
" Surface electrolyte interphase (SEI)
! Soft interfaces
! Hydrogen production
! Fuel cells
! Materials
" Superconductors
" Thermoelectrics
" Smart windows
" H2 storage
" Thermal storage
" Passive cooling
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Human Impact of Energy
• Strong correlation between HDI & energy consumption
! Kolasinski, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2006, 10, 129
• To elevate Developing World to status of Poland requires equivalent of 148 Mbbl/day of oil
• Current production = 98 Mbbl/day (+17% since 2006 due to fracking)
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Ammonia Synthesis
! Why so important?
! Can it really be that difficult?
! Can it really be that interesting?
N2+ 3H
2→ 2NH
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V. Smil, Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001.
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! Modern agriculture dependent on ammonia based fertilizer
! This cannot be replaced by dung
! If ammonia production were shut down, 4.2 billion people could not be supported by agriculture
! NH3 requires fossil fuels both for H2 and for the energy to run the chemical reaction
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Can ammonia synthesis really be that important?
1965World population surpasses 3.3 billion
NH3 Synthesis is, arguably, the single most important industrial chemical reaction
Erisman, Sutton, Galloway, Klimont & Winiwarter, Nature Geoscience 1 (2008) 636
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1918
Fritz Haber, Kaisere -rr-Wilhelmmm-mm-Institutut, Berlinin, Germany
"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements
y
tsts"
1931
Carl Bosch, University of Heidelberg, Germany
"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high
pressure methodsf che
ds"
2007Gerhard d Ertlrtl, Fritztztz-
070020zz-Haberee -rr-Institutut, Berlin, FritF tzz abeHH er In
GermanyGermany"for his studies of chemical processes on solid f chemical pr
surfaces"G. Ertl, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 47 (2008) 352411