nano second behavioral of exploding bridge wire (ebw
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW) using Ultra High Speed Imaging Technology
Energetic Materials Research Centre Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
For 58th Annual Fuze Conference, Baltimore
H. Muthurajan, Martin Yeo Kwee Liang, Low Chan Gee, Ang How Ghee
![Page 2: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview of Presentation
1. Introduction
a) Framing Camera for detonics
b) Streak Camera for detonics
c) Simultaneous Streak and Framing Camera
2. Al based EBW
a) Ultra high speed framing
b) Streak Record
c) Digital Storage Oscilloscope Analysis
3. Result and Discussion
4. Conclusion
![Page 3: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Disadvantages Disadvantage of this technique is that at each beam splitter 50% light intensity is reduced (halve, i.e split in-to 50% and 50%) which is received by next subsequent beam splitter. Hence each ICCD receives different intensity of light
High Speed Framing Camera Eight way beak splitter with additional optical port
![Page 4: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Each camera consists of eight individual CCD detectors. The signal is collected by a common optical system and is then split into eight identical copies that are relayed to the individual CCD detectors. The camera also has the option of double exposure for the CCDs thus giving 16 images. The pyramid mirror has eight plane facets reflecting eight images of the object on to the faces of eight image intensifier devices for respective image sensor devices. In each case the respective image is reflected via an intermediate mirror
Framing Camera : Pyramid beam splitter
![Page 5: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Framing Sequence
![Page 6: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Operating Principle of Streak Camera for Detonics
Streak Tube
![Page 7: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Use to derive velocity of detonation (VOD)
• Event parallel to slit, perpendicular to optical axis
Typical streak image
dt
dx
VOD = dx/dt
Explosive
Detonator
Streak Slit
Setup
time
dist
ance
light
12
12 tan m Slopexxyy
−−
=== θ
−−
=12
121- tan xxyyθ
WRSF
dd
VODy
x *= 2
41 DCJ ρ=
Streak record for VOD determination
![Page 8: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Why nano seconds exposure for detonics?
Image blur on the camera sensor. Using a very short exposure time reduces blur.
“Freezing” Image Motion
![Page 9: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ICCD (Intensified CCD) for Framing and Streak Camera
Photocathode: Generation of photoelectrons
Microchannel plate (MCP):
Multiplication of electrons Phosphor Screen: Conversion of
electrons back into highly increase (x104 - 106) number of photons
High numerical aperture lens-coupling
for superior distortion free image quality CCD: Conversion of the very high
number of photons to charge, readout and digitization
![Page 10: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Streak : Continuous imaging, difficult to interpret Framing : “what you see is what you get”, but only at certain time-intervals Simultaneous Streak and Framing Allows recording of entire phenomena (with streak) + easier
interpretation (with framing) Prevent misinterpretation of images
1 2 3 4 5 6 Frame
Continuous Streak Record
Time Image Plane
Streak Slit tE
tI
tE : Exposure Time tI : Interframe Time
Simultaneous Streak-Framing Record
![Page 11: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Advantages of Simultaneous Streak and Framing Records
Parameter Frames Streak
Spatial picture + –
Space resolution – + (but only in 1 plane)
Time resolution – +
Full-time observation – +
Interpretation
Velocities
![Page 12: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Framing Camera
Beam splitter optics Focusing optics Initiator
Stre
ak c
amer
a
Firing Pack
Delay Pulse Generator
Ethernet Computer
Remote Operation Zone
Protective shield
Experimental setup of Simultaneous Streak and Framing Imaging for performance evaluation of Al based EBW
Experimental setup of Simultaneous Streak and Framing Imaging
Test Fixture
![Page 13: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Simultaneous Framing and Streak Imaging of Al - EBW
Parameters of Experiment – Synchronization CDU and Imaging System
![Page 14: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Exposure Time : 10 ns Inter-frame Time: 3.323 µs
Simultaneous Framing and Streak Imaging of Al - EBW
Iris: f2.8 Gain: 1 Total Recording Length: 50.005 µs
Parameters of Experiment – Imaging Systems
![Page 15: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Observed Function Time : 6.666 µs Exposure Time : 10 ns Inter-frame Time: 3.323 µs
Ultrahigh Speed Framing Imaging of Al - EBW
T= 0 µs Frame 1
T= 3.333 µs Frame 2
T= 6.666 µs Frame 3
T= 9.999 µs Frame 4
T= 13.332 µs Frame 5
T= 16.665 µs Frame 6
T= 19.998 µs Frame 7
T= 23.331 µs Frame 8
T= 26.664 µs Frame 9
T= 29.997 µs Frame 10
T= 33.330 µs Frame 11
T= 36.663 µs Frame 12
T= 39.996 µs Frame 13
T= 43.329 µs Frame 14
T= 46.662 µs Frame 15
T= 49.995 µs Frame 16
Iris: f2.8 Gain: 1 Total Recording Length: 50.005 µs
![Page 16: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Observed Function Time : 6.666 µs Exposure Time : 10 ns Inter-frame Time: 3.323 µs
Ultrahigh Speed Framing Imaging (Video) of Al - EBW
Iris: f2.8 Gain: 1 Total Recording Length: 50.005 µs
![Page 17: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Streak Imaging of Al - EBW
Sweep Speed : 2.5 µs/mm Sweep Duration : 50 µs Slit Size : 50 µm Gain : 608 Volt Iris : f2.8
![Page 18: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) Data on Al EBW
Y axis : 1 Volt/div X axis : 20µs/div Offset : 0 mV
Y axis : 1.0 kV/div X axis : 20µs/div Offset : -2.0 kV
Voltage across the Al based EBW
Pulses from Framing camera corresponding to the frames acquired
![Page 19: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Observed Function Time : 6.656 µs Exposure Time : 5 ns Inter-frame Time: 3.323 µs
Iris: f2.8 Gain: 1 Total Recording Length: 49.925 µs
Simultaneous Framing and Streak Imaging of Al - EBW
Parameters of Experiment
![Page 20: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Observed Function Time : 6.656 µs Exposure Time : 5 ns Inter-frame Time: 3.323 µs
Ultrahigh Speed Framing Imaging of Al - EBW T= 0 µs Frame 1
T= 3.328 µs Frame 2
T= 6.656 µs Frame 3
T= 9.984 µs Frame 4
T= 13.312 µs Frame 5
T= 16.640 µs Frame 6
T= 19.968 µs Frame 7
T= 23.296 µs Frame 8
T= 26.624 µs Frame 9
T= 29.952 µs Frame 10
T= 33.280 µs Frame 11
T= 36.608 µs Frame 12
T= 39.936 µs Frame 13
T= 43.264 µs Frame 14
T= 46.592 µs Frame 15
T= 49.920 µs Frame 16
Iris: f2.8 Gain: 1 Total Recording Length: 49.925 µs
![Page 21: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Observed Function Time : 6.656 µs Exposure Time : 5 ns Inter-frame Time: 3.323 µs
Ultrahigh Speed Framing Imaging (video) of Al - EBW
Iris: f2.8 Gain: 1 Total Recording Length: 49.925 µs
![Page 22: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Y axis : 1 Volt/div X axis : 20µs/div Offset : 0 mV
Y axis : 1.0 kV/div X axis : 20µs/div Offset : -2.0 kV
Voltage across the Al based EBW
Pulses from Framing camera corresponding to the frames acquired
Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) Data on Al EBW
![Page 23: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
a) Simultaneous streak and framing camera technique synergizes the advantages of the two methods and at the same time indicates whether the streak record had actually been taken in the expected or predetermined planes of observation.
In this manner, faulty analysis and wrong interpretation, which were frequent problems in the early days of streak recording, can be eliminated completely.
b) Due to simultaneous streak and ultra high speed framing camera we are able to evaluate the performance of Al based EBW
(1) The observed Function time Al - EBW is 6.66 µs for 5kV / 16µF CDU
(2) Ten or Five nano second exposure is sufficient for ICCD based ultra high speed framing camera to capture Al-EBW events
c) Demonstrated the repeatability of Al-EBW
CONCLUSION
![Page 24: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
THANK YOU from
Energetics Research Institute
THANK YOU from
Energetics Research Institute Nanyang Technological University
Singapore
![Page 25: Nano second behavioral of Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042401/625d76b97b7cf168730efda0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Name : Harries Muthurajan Phone : +65-6513 8172 Company: Energetics Research Institute Nanyang Technological University, Singapore - 639 798 Email: [email protected] Abstract Reference number: 13745