NAMESNO

Eiko Lorenzo

Barbara Capó

Clara Bosch

WORLD WAR II

INTRODUCCION

• It is the most brutal and devastating conflict of the twentieth century

• 72 states took part in it

• 110 million men were mobilized

• 935 million dollars spent in war material

• More than 40 million people died

CONSEQUENCES OF THE WORLD WAR II

•Demographic•Moral

•Economic•Cold War

•Political (Conferences)•UNO

•Territorial changes (political transformations)

•Positive consequences

DEMOGRAPHIC• 55 million of casualties (more than

half of them were civilians)

• 35 million injured

• 3 million of missing people

• These high mortalities are due to the sophistication of the weapons used.

• Indirect victims in the postwar period from malnutrition, injury, radiation of atomic bombs ...

• 30 million of Europeans didn’t know where to go during the postwar period because of the changes in the map causing a feeling of chaos, uncertainty ...

MORAL• Psychological and moral ruin caused by:

-The systematic use of torture by the GestapoThe dominance of military dictatorships and the police

-The accentuation of class antagonisms

-The bitter struggle between collaborators and members of the resistance

-The creation of patterns of violence and the creation of looting. - Exterminations camps of the Nazis:1. They carried out incredible extermination programs of the Nazi regime, "death factories" 2. They tried " the final solution of Jewish problem” 3. They deleted the political opponents of Nazism. 4. They sterilizated and eliminated people with physical defects or mental delay in order to get "ethnic purity. "

• The trial judge in Nuremberg where the Nazi leaders where judged and acused of crimes against humanity.

ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

• The devastation was spectacular, the looting of cities, the scorched land of the USSR, the destruction of villages, cities (Hiroshima and Nagasaki), villages, fields, houses, roads…

• The European economy was collapsed and 70% of the European industrial infrastructure was destroyed.

• In 1947, the U.S.A. Secretary of State, George Marshall, established a plan known as the Marshall Plan for the European economic recovery.

• Germany and other Axis countries had to financially compensate countries Allies.

• The states which did not have war in his territory increased their wealth: Sweden, Canada, Australia and especially the U.S.A.

POLITICAL• In Western Europe there was a political regime to strengthen

the parliamentary democracy.

• The Democrat party appeared to defend social reform, but without question the current social, economic framework and revitalized the social democratic parties.

• These two governments spread the teaching and public health, public education and pension system (welfare state).

• Western Europe finally lost their world hegemony and sought an alliance with the United States to be protected from the USSR.

CONFERENCES:

• Atlantic Charter (1941): Conference between the Allies (U.S.A, UK and USSR)

• Tehran (1943).

• Yalta Conference: (1945, Crimea): Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin decided the division of Germany and desnazification was incorporated in France. Rearrangment of the boundary of the Soviet Union, democratic elections in the liberated states and the creation of the UNO.

• Posdam Conference: Berlin is divided but Germany not.

• San Francisco Conference: adopted the Charter of the United Nations organization.They sign 46 states. There is a General Assembly and Secretary-General.

COLD WAR

• The end of World War II marked the end of the United Kingdom's position as a global superpower and the establishment of the United States and the Soviet Union as the dominant powers in the world. The friction between the two new superpowers began to rise and led to the outbreak of the Cold War.

UNO• Formed

by the allies as a succession of SDN of the First World War.

• Main objectives:- Maintain peace and security.- Prevent the war.- Develop friendly relations among nations.- Get international cooperation. - Promote social progress and better standards of living.

• League of Nations had failed preventing the war.

• In 1945 the United Nations was created.

• Functions:

- Fight against epidemics - Providing humanitarian aid to the nations with problems. - They served as a diplomatic front during the Cold War. - They were responsible for creating the modern state of Israel, like an answer to the Holocaust.

TERRITORIAL CHANGESPolitical transformations

• Winner states established the new boundaries of defeated states.

• This resulted in that millions of people suddenly found themselves in hostile territory and were forced to leave their homes.

• The main benefit was the Soviet Union. It gained German, Finland, Poland and Japan territory.

• Poland was compensated getting part of the German territory.

• Germany was divided into four occupation zones controlled by each of these states: USA, Britain, France and the Soviet Union.

• The American, British and French zones were united in 1949 to create the Federal Republic of Germany.

• The Soviet zone became the German Democratic Republic.

• East Prussia disappeared divided between the Soviet Union, Poland and Lithuania.

• Austria was separated from Germany to go back to become an independent state.

• The Czech Republic and Slovakia were again united creating again the Txecoslovàquia state.

• The region of the Saarland became temporarily a protectorate of France. Later returned to Germany.

• Korea was divided in two, North Korea and South Korea.

• In the areas occupied by the Western allies, the governments created new democratic governments.

• In areas occupied by the Soviet Union, communist states created satellites of the Soviet Union.

CONCLUSION This war had some positive and negative

consequences:

• Positive: They created rights for everybody, the totalitarian regimes were destroyed and finished, the Welfare State was introduced (public school, public health...).

• Negative: All the consequences we have already seen , economical consequences, moral… all these consequences made the development of the countries really difficult.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

NAMESNOCLARA BOSCH, BARBARA CAPÓ, EIKO

LORENZO