name the organelle and give its function. cell parts review animal plant nucleus ribosome...
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Name the organelle and give its function.
Cell Parts Review
Animal Plant
Nucleus
Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum: aids in processing carbohydrates, lipids and proteins for export from the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Body
Nucleus: control body of the cell; contains the genetic material (DNA)Golgi Aparatus: modifies, sorts, and packages materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
Ribosome: site where proteins are made
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What is located in the nucleus?
NucleusChromosome
DNA
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
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What does the DNA of all these organisms have in common?
They all share a universal genetic code.
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DNA
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Purpose of DNA
Why do we have DNA?
-Tells the genetic information
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What is a Nucleotide?
1.
2.
3.
2.)
1. Phosphate Group
2. 5-Carbon Sugar(Dexoyribose or Ribose)
3. Nitrogen Base
Nucleotides, too
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Remember DNA…Nucleotides make up nucleic acid
Double helix shape
Store genetic information
Help make proteins
Examples: DNA & RNA
sugar
phosphate
nitrogen base
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NucleotidesThere are four nitrogen bases making up four different nucleotides.
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
A
C
G
T
N base
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Chargaff’s Base Pair Rules
Adenine always bonds with thymine. A = T
Guanine always bonds with Cytosine. G C
A
CG
T
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C
G
A
A
T
G
Nucleotide
PS
N-b
Pairing DNA NucleotidesWhat is a nucleotide?
Rule
A to
C to
T
G
What is the base pairing rule?What would be the complementary nucleotide pairing?
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3’End
3’End 5’End
5’End
DN
A D
OU
BL
E H
EL
IX
ladder shaped molecule
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What is RNA?
DNA must have a “helper” molecule.
RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid
RNA is a single stranded
nucleic acid made up of monomers called nucleotides
sugar
phosphate
nitrogen base
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A
B
C
RNA Nucleotides
A - Sugar (ribose)
B - Phosphate
C - Nitrogen base
sugar
phosphate
nitrogen base
Name the parts of the nucleotide.
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Rules for Base Pairing
Cytosine pairs with Guanine
Adenine pairs with Uracil
Notice that RNA has Uracil (not thymine)
A = U
C = G
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Rules for Base Pairing
C = G
A = U
3’ DNA strand
5’ DNA strandRNA strand
C
A
T
G
G
U
C
A
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What is the function of RNA?
Carries DNA’s message code
Helps make protein
Types of RNAMessenger RNA (mRNA)Transfer RNA (tRNA)Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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RNA Codes for Amino Acids
The nitrogen bases in RNA code for amino acids.
A triplet of nitrogen bases codes for one amino acid.
The triplet is called a codon.
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Overall process of protein synthesis
transcription translation
DNA RNAProtein is made on ribosome