name the 7 senses. taste (gustation) touch (tactile) smell (olfaction) vision hearing (audition)...
TRANSCRIPT
SENSATION & PERCEPTION
• Name the 7 senses.
• Taste (gustation)• Touch (tactile)• Smell (Olfaction)• Vision• Hearing (audition)• Balance (vestibular)• Kinesthesis (movement)
• What parts of the eye is responsible for each of the following:
• Protects the eye from dust, etc.• Allows light into the eye• Adjusts (dialates/constricts) the amount of light• Focuses the incoming light onto the retina
• Cornea• Pupil• Iris• Lens
•What is your retina’s center focus point and what receptors that pick up colors and details are clustered around it?
• Fovea• Cones
•What receptors in your retina detect black, white, & gray and are best in dim light (also peripheral vision)?
• Rods
• What is the transforming of stimulus energies (like sights, sounds, smells) into neural impulses our brains can interpret called?
• Transduction
• Your retina sends messages to the brain through what?•What part of the brain must it pass through before being processed?
• Optic Nerve• Thalamus
• In what area of your brain is vision processed (2 parts)?
• Occipital Lobes• Visual Cortex
•What is the place where your optic nerves cross to deliver information to the opposite hemisphere?
• Optic Chiasma
•What nerve cells pick up motion, shapes, lines, etc…?
• Feature Detectors
• What theory of color argues that there are 3 color receptors and the combinations of them make millions of colors?
• Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Color Theory• Make sure you also know the
Opponent Process Theory & after images
•What type of deafness occurs with damage to the middle or outer ear (eardrum, ossicles…)?
• Conduction Hearing Loss
•What type of deafness is due to damage to hair cells or nerves of the inner ear?
• Sensorineural• Can be caused by disease, loud noises…• Cochlear Implants
• What theory argues that pain is felt when small nerve fibers in the spinal cord are stimulated?
• Gate Control Theory of Pain
• What are the 5 taste sensations?
• Sweet• Sour• Salty• Bitter• Umami
• Our senses working together to interpret the world around us is called?
• Sensory Interaction
•Where is our equilibrium that controls our sense of balance located?
• Inner Ears
• What sense produces the strongest emotional reaction and why?
• Smell-direct link to the brain near the limbic system (no thalamus)
•What are the 2 types of perceptual processing?•Which one is due to our prior knowledge and schemas & our brain fills in the gaps?
• Top Down-our brain tells us what it is then we look at details• Bottom Up-looking at details to put the “puzzle pieces” together
• Our ability to focus our attention on a single talker while conversations and noise exist in the background is called…
• Cocktail Party Phenomenon
• Our conscious focus of awareness on stimuli is called…(we can only focus on one thing at a time)
• Selective Attention
•Mr. Boschman leaves the room and Mr. Abdullah comes in to fill in for him. You do not notice that you have a different teacher because you are so focused on the lab. What is this called?
• Change Blindness• Remember Vegas?
• You are driving and hit a man on a bike because you didn’t notice he was crossing the crosswalk. What is this an example of?
• Inattentional Blindness• Remember the Penguin & Gorilla?
• The minimum amount of light, sound, pressure, taste, or smell you need to detect it 50% of the time is called…
• Absolute threshold
• The smallest amount of change in a stimulus needed before we actually detect a change is called…
• Just Noticeable Difference (JND)
•What rule says the greater the intensity of the stimulus the greater the change is needed to be noticed?• Ex: if you are listening to your tv at 90, you will need to turn it down by a lot more than if the volume were at 20.
•Weber’s Law• Just remember Thalia handling all the $$$
• If you were to see an object and understand it based on seeing the object against its background, you would be performing what process?
• Figure-Ground Relationship
•What branch of psychology argues that we look at the WHOLE picture (grouping) instead of focusing on parts?
• Gestalt Psychology
What part of Gestalt Psychology is each of the following:
• We group objects that are close together as being part of same group
• We see objects as similar in appearance as being part of same group
• Proximity & Similarity
• Eleanor Gibson’s Visual Cliff experiments suggested that infants were capable of detecting what?
• Depth perception
• The difference in our vision between eyes is known as…(differences are greater as object gets closer to your eye)• You need both eyes to see what kinds of cues?
• Retinal Disparity• Binocular Cues
• What type of monocular cues are described in the following:
• Parallel lines seem to meet in the distance • The smaller the object the farther away we
think it is• If one object partially blocks another we
think it’s closer
• Linear Perspective• Relative Size• Interposition
•What is the illusion that if 2 or more lights are blinking on and off we think it is bouncing back and forth?
• Phi Phenomenon
• We have the tendency to perceive things in a certain way. For example, Jacob believes in UFOs. He sees something in the sky and automatically thinks it is a UFO (even though it might be something else. What is this an example of?
• Perceptual Set