NEWSLETTER OF THE AMERICAN DIALECT SOCIETY

Wbt &mericatt ©iatect Society Centennial 1889-1989

NADS21.3

Vol. 21, No. 3 September 1989North Texas Celebration......................2 ,19Centennial Annual M eeting.............. 3, 28ANS in DC, December 27-28 ................... 4Annual Luncheon, December 3 0 ............9NWAVE-18, October 2 0 -2 2 .....................9Our New Books.......................................... 9, 25Call for Next Year’s Papers........................9Directory of 530 ADS Members............. 10Regional Meetings..................................... 22

Rocky Mountain, October 2 0 ..............22South Central, October 2 8 ....................22Midwest, November 2 .......................... 23South Atlantic, November 10 ..............24

At NCTE, November 18........................... 25Wear the Centennial Blue R ibbon...... 26Nominating Committee R eport............26Last Call for Bamberg...............................27Centennial Gifts......................................... 27Annual Meeting: Suite Opportunity ...28

NADS is sent in January, May and Septem­ber to all ADS members and subscribers. Send ADS dues ($20 per year), queries and news to the editor and executive secretary, Allan Metcalf, English Dept., MacMurray College, Jacksonville, Illinois 62650-2590.

Page 2 NADS 21.3 September 1989

ISSUES OF AMERICAN SPEECH join books by Albeit Marckwardt, Carroll Reed, William Labov, Roger Shuy and others In an exhibit prepared by Charles B. Martin at the University of North Texas. The books, periodicals, and maps, in five glass cases on the second floor of the Auditorium Building, will be on display through Dec. 15.

NORTH TEXAS CELEBRATES ADS CENTENNIALAmerican English: Celebrating DiversityA Conference Commemorating the 100th anniversary o f the American Dialect Society Friday and Saturday, September 29-30 Sheraton Hotel and Conference Center University of North Texas, Denton

Registration: $20. Add $15 for the Friday ban­quet and $10 for the Saturday luncheon and send before Sept. 21 to Univ. of North Texas, Center for Texas Studies, 1*0 Box 13016, Denton, TX 76203- 3016. Make check payable to Univ. of North Texas.

Housing: $51 single, $56 double at the Sheraton, (817) 565-8499.

Further information: call the conference coordi­nator, Charles B. Martin, Dept, of English, Univer­sity of North Texas, (817) 565-2149, or Elizabeth Gunter, associate director. Center for Texas Studies, (817) 565-2124.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 294:00-5:45 p.m., CPA Room, Sheraton Opening Session

(Please turn to Page 19)

September 1989 NADS 21.3 Page 3

1889-1989 ®f)e American ©ialect Society Centennial

ANNUAL MEETING Washington, D.C.

Friday. December 29 Saturday. December 30

WITH THE LINGUISTIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA, 10:00 a.m.-noon

INDEPENDENTLY, 8:00 a.m.-2:30 p.m.Radisson Park Terrace*

Hyatt Regency Washington

WITH THE MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION, 1:45-3:00 p.m.Washington Hilton

INDEPENDENTLY, 4:00-7:30 p.m.Radisson Park Terrace*

CENTENNIAL ANNUAL LUNCHEON SATURDAY, DEC. 30

1:00-2:30 P.M.Radisson Park Terrace Hotel

Presiding: ADS President Tom Creswell Featuring A Brief History o f the

American Dialect Society by Audrey R. Duckert

Please make reservations in advance

(see p. 9)

♦SUITES, not mere rooms, are available at the ADS headquarters hotel to the first 32 applicants— for an unbelievable $60/night single, $70/night double. See the announcement on Page 28 and re­serve now!

*NO REGISTRATION FEE is required for the independent sessions at the Radisson Park Terrace.

The Friday morning LSA session, however, re­quires registration for the LSA meeting: $35 (stu­dents $15) before December 1, $5 extra on-site. Write LSA Secretariat-Annual Meeting, 1325 18th St. NW, Suite 211, Washington DC 20036-6501; phone (202) 835-1714.

The Friday afternoon MLA session requires regis­tration for the MLA meeting: MLA members $75 before December 8, $100 after; nonmembers $100 before December 8, $120 after; student members $30, student nonmembers $45 regardless of time. Write MLA-Convention Office, 10 Astor Place, New York, NY 10003-6981; phone (212) 614-6372.

DOUBLE SAVINGS: Show your MLA badge at LSA and you will be able to register for $30 ($10 student). Or show your LSA badge at MLA and register for $70 ($20 student).

( PROGRAM LISTING ^ I STARTS ON NEXT PAGE y

Page 4 NADS 21.3____________________September 1989

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 28 FRIDAY, DECEMBER 29ADS Executive Council 8:00 p.m., Boardroom Radisson Park Terrace 1515 Rhode Island Ave. NW Washington, DC 20005 (202) 232-7000

LSA Session10:00 a.m.-noon, Bunker Hill RoomHyatt Regency Washington400 New Jersey Ave. NWWashington, DC 20001(202) 737-1234

The Executive Council discusses and sets policy for the Society, and hears reports from editors, com­mittee chairs, and regional secretaries. Meetings are open; all members are welcome to attend. To get an advance copy of the agenda in early December, write the Executive Secretary.

PDE AT MLA: DEC. 28Presdent-Day English Discussion Group

3:30—4:45 p.m., Richmond Room Sheraton Washington Hotel

ADS-sponsored session at the annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America. LSA registration required. Presiding: ADS Vice President M ichael

D. Linn, Univ. of Minnesota, Duluth. Papers:10:00 American Dialectology and the Pursuit of

Social Equality. John B augh, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and University of Texas, Austin.—Studies by Beryl Bailey, Juanita Williamson, and Geneva Smitherman provide vivid examples of the interdisciplinary potential of dialec­tology, and how studies of language in social context can be used for scholarly and practical purposes, including the advancement of parity among linguisti-

AMERICAN NAME SOCIETY AT MLA—WASHINGTON, D.C.For further information, write ANS Executive Secretary Wayne Finke.Dept. o f Romance Languages,

Baruch College CUNY, New York, NY 10010, phone (212) 505-2177.W ednesday, D ec. 27 6:30-9:00 p.m., Annual Banquet

Cosmos Club, 2121 Massachusetts Ave. NW.T hursday, D ec. 2810:15-11:30 a.m., MLA Session 142, Names in Literature and Folklore

Washington Hilton, Military Room Presiding: W ayne Finke, Baruch College, CUNY1. “ ‘Marked Days’ in Norwegian Life and Folk Etymology.” Leonard R.N. A shley, Brooklyn Col.,

CUNY.2. “Ishmael’s Spirit Spout: Mythology and Geography in Moby Dick." Randy Prus, STJNY Buffalo.3. “An Onomastic Odyssey in Europe.” Tom Gasque, Univ. of South Dakota.

7:15-8:30 p.m., MLA Session 337, Literary OnomasticsWashington Hilton, Farragut RoomPresiding: Grace Alvarez-Altman, SUNY Brockport.1. “Giving Names and Taking Names Away in The Red Badge of Courage." Joel L. Brattin,

Missouri Southern State Col.2. “The Name of the Rose.” Zacharias P. Thundy, Northern Michigan Univ.3. “Art and Names in Shakespeare’s Tempest.” Grant Smith, Eastern Washington Univ.4. “Names, Identities, and Eternal Incognitos: The Burden of Patriarchal Onomasty in Women’s

Expatriate Writing.” Claire A. Culleton, Univ. of Miami.

September 1989 NADS 21.3 Page 5cally disenfranchised groups. This paper introduces some newer evidence, based on morphophonemic and lexical variation in English, that reinforces Bloomfield’s suggestion that standard languages are restricted codes. The linguistic and educational im­plications of these results challenge Bernstein’s hy­potheses regarding elaborated and restricted codes.

The paper concludes with a tribute to the centen­nial celebration of the American Dialect Society, and the principles of cultural and linguistic equality that compose the fundamental ethos of serious linguistic inquiry.

10:30 Finnish to Finglish to English: That’s How the Morphology Crumbles. P ekka H irvonen, Univ. of Joensuu, Finland.—This paper examines the morphological changes, especially in case endings and possessive structures, that American Finnish undergoes in the course of three generations of speak­ers. The data were gathered in Finnish enclaves in northern Minnesota between 1985 and 1989. Results are discussed in light of the hypothesis that the order in which various forms are lost in language attrition is the reverse of the order of acquisition. An attempt is also made to account for variation in the rate of language loss by reference to family relationships and an index of “Finnish identification.” Shift from the ethnic language to English is inevitable, given the absence of continuous reinforcement from new im­migrants.

11:00 The Linguistic Variable in Dialect Stud­ies: Fact and Fantasy. W alt W olfram, Univ. of District of Columbia and Center for Applied Linguis­tics.—Although some notion of the “linguistic vari­able” guides most studies of dialect variation, there exist several operational definitions of this construct that are not necessarily compatible with each other. In one interpretation, a class of varying elements within a linguistically-defined set is established as an analogue of the social variable. Such a viewpoint may capture prominent patterns of social and linguis­tic co-variation, but it has little regard for the linguis­tic relationships of the variants. The notion of the linguistic variable as it evolved through so-called “variable rules,” an extension of the notion of “op­tional rule,” was more tightly constrained by tradi­tional notions of linguistic units and relationships.

However, in this formation issues arise concerning the rightful status of co-varying social variables or “social constraints on variability.” The descriptive and methodological ramifications of these alternate definitions are examined on the basis of prominent examples in empirical studies of language variation.

11:30 Consonantal and Vocalic Loci in Spec- trographic Dialectology. T imothy H abick, Educa­tional Testing Service.—The two-formant vowel graph is now a familiar method of representing the vocalic systems of speakers in dialect surveys. In this study, I discuss the possibility of representing two- formant data for some consonants on these same graphs. Although the first formants arc not the most prominent acoustic featues of most consonants, the formants are often easily measured and provide clues concerning the placement of the articulators as they make the transition from vowel to consonant. The inhibitory and facilitating effects of consonants on certain diachronic movements of vowels are thus easily understood. Data are drawn from a spectro- graphic study of 40 speakers from a small midwest- em town.

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 29MLA Session1:45-3:00 p.m., Georgetown West Washington Hilton 1919 Connecticut Ave. NW Washington, DC 20009 (202) 483-3000

Slang, Tombstones, and the Next Century. ADS- sponsored Session 517 at the annual meeting of the Modem Language Association. MLA registration required. Presiding: ADS President T homas J. Creswell, Chicago State Univ., emeritus.

1:45 The Sociology of Slang. Irving Lewis Al ­len, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs.—Linguists and even sociolinguists have largely rejected the idea of slang as a separate language phenomenon, leaving it as a level of usage below standard and as a label in practical lexicography. Part of the problem is that slang is more of an urban sociological idea than a linguistic idea. In the theory of urbanism, slang is escaped subcultural speech that serves at the micro-

Page 6___________________________ NADS 21.3____________________September 1989

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 29—ADS ANNUAL MEETING (CONT.)sociological level as a register of discourse, a situa­tional dialect, in social interaction among members of diverse social groups in plural settings. It is a social and psychological necessity that allows people to deal with the complexity of urban life, a world of “masks and mirrors,” by managing their overlapping, shifting, and plural identities. Slang is thus an inevi­table cultural product of diverse, complex, and highly interdependent urban or modem society. At the macrosociological level, the use of slang uniquely serves to maintain and actively to generate subcultu­ral diversity, especially in cities. An urban sociologi­cal view of slang also allows integration of the idea with theories of cultural diffusion and mass commu­nication.

2:10 Tombstone Talk: Predictable Variation Among Non-English Dialects. Scott B aird, Trinity Univ., San Antonio.—-South Texas tombstone in­scriptions show that over the past century the German language has systematically assimilated into English. Cemeteries will have monolingual German tomb­stones, bilingual tombstones, and monolingual Eng­lish tombstones. Of nine pieces of information on “ideal” bilingual stones, names will appear in English first. These will be followed by birth and death dates, birth and death places, kinship terminology, occupa­tions, frozen expressions, and creative epitaphs.

Recent research verifies the same sequencing of language assimilation among Chinese, Greek, and French South Texas dialects during the same hundred years. However, the Spanish language shows two deviations from this pattern. First, the number of monolingual Spanish tombstones is increasing, ap­pearing further and further north in Texas as the century progresses. Second, the sequencing is not a as predictable in the movement through the nine-step bilingual phase of language variation.

2:35 The Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States for the Next Hundred Years. W illiam A. Kretzschmar, Jr., Univ. of Georgia.— We at the new University of Georgia archival and editorial site are busy planning to bring our Linguis­tic Atlas projects into the next century. Our first task, specifically for LAMS AS but also with anticipation of applications to other regions, has been to recon­

ceive the survey design. We have arranged our data for correlation with as much social and cultural infor­mation as possible. We have also established meth­ods by which the data can be encoded, accessed, and analyzed on computer. The full phonetic record may be entered and edited according to easily portable methods. Finally, we are exploring new means to make comprehensive analyses of the data, particu­larly the opportunities presented by statistics.

Independent Session In Memory of Harold B. Allen 4:00-5:30 p.m., Terrace East Radisson Park Terrace 1515 Rhode Island Ave. NW Washington, DC 20005 (202) 232-7000

Presiding: ADS Vice President M ichael D. L inn, Univ. of Minnesota, Duluth. Papers:

4:00 They Suggested We Tried Again: Manda­tive Construction in British and American. John Algeo, Univ. of Georgia.—A mandative construc­tion is one in which certain verbs, adjectives, and nouns (with a meaning of requiring or urging) have finite clause complements, for example:

1. They asked that he go early.2. It is important that he should go early.3. The requirement was that he went early.

The verb in the complement clause may be a present subjunctive (as in 1), a modal phrase (as in 2), or a present or past indicative (as in 3). Elicitation experi­ments show that speakers of American and British differ sharply in their preference for the verb form of such clauses. Americans strongly prefer the subjunc­tive. Britons use all three options, including the mandative indicative, whose tense agrees with that of the superordinate verb—a construction that appears to be a recent British innovation.

4:30 Dialect as Evidence in Criminal Law Cases. R oger Shuy, Georgetown Univ.

5:00 Grammatical Items in the North Central States and the Upper Midwest. V irginia M cD avid, Chicago State Univ.

NADS 21.3September 1989

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 29DARE Celebration and Centennial Reception 5:30-7:30 p.m.. Terrace East Radisson Park Terrace

Presiding: Joan H all, DARE and ADS President Thomas J. Creswell. Program:

■ A ten-minute video on DARE by Louis Alvarez and Andrew Kolker, producers of American Tongues, with footage and outtakes from that project.

• Display of reviews of DARE Volume 1 (pub­lished 1985).

• Galleys of Volume 2 (to be published at the end of 1990).

• Recognition of DARE workers.• Anecdotes about DARE.• A DARE quiz.• Presentation of commemorative cassette of early

dialect recordings, from the Library of Congress col­lection of 1200 New England disks made 1932-1935 by Miles Hanley: D onna C hristian, Center for Ap­plied Linguistics.

• Announcement of ADS Distinguished Scholar Awards for lifetime achievement.

• Centennial Reception (all ADS members and friends invited)

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 30Annual Business Meeting 8:00-9:00 a.m., Terrace East Radisson Park Terrace

Presiding: ADS President Thomas J. Creswell. Reports of Executive Council, officers, committee

chairs, editors, regional secretaries; election of Ex­ecutive Council member 1990-1993 (see Page 26).

Independent Session9:00 a.m .-l:00 p.m., Terrace EastRadisson Park Terrace

Presiding: ADS President Thomas J. Creswell. 9:00 A Comparison of the Generic Pronoun

Choices of School-age and Adult Writers. M iriam M eyers, Metropolitan State Univ.—Analysis of es-

Page 7says by two groups of Minnesotans, written in both cases in the classroom but for a wider audience, shows that adults are more likely than youngsters to maintain control of whatever generic third-singular pronoun choices they make. Furthermore, he!she type choices occur much more frequently in the adults’ writing than in the children’s, where singular they or masculine or feminine generic pronouns pre­vail, depending on topic. In the adult population sex of writer is highly correlated with the generic pro­noun approach taken, but this is not the case with the youngsters.

9:25 Language Attrition and a Morpho-phon- ological Change in the Pennsylvania German of West Virginia. S ilke V an N ess, SUNY Albany.— After nearly three centuries, two speech communities in Pendleton County, West Virginia have ceased to transmit the Pennsylvania German language to their children. The consequences of extensive contact with English involve many changes in the system of language. The problem to be addressed is how to explain the unusual conversion of the past participle prefix /ge-/ to /de-/, considering that 1) the variant form has increased 100 percent over a 25-year span, and 2) the change appears totally capricious, not in conformity with any known principle of language change. I will argue that internal and external factors acted in concert to produce this unique structure.

9:50 The Lexicon of Racial Mixture in the Lower South. Carol M. Adams, LAGS Project.— Beyond the general term mulatto, usage in the Lower South reflects a range of descriptive terms for indi­viduals of mixed racial heritage, including bright, half-and-half, high yellow and mixblooded. The in­dexes and mapping programs of the Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States serve as the data base for analy­sis—specifically LAGS file 069.5L “terms used to designate racially-mixed individuals.” The analysis focuses on the cultural context, analyzing distribu­tion in terms of such factors as region, race, sex, age, education and social class. Some terms show cultural distribution in the contexts of regional demographics and social history. Other terms reflect distribution of semantic sets, such as color terms (bright, red) vs. terms for degree of racial mixture (octoroon, quad­roon).

September 1989Page 8__________________________ NADS 21.3

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 30—ADS ANNUAL MEETING (CONT.)10:15 American Dialectal Models. Jay R obert

R eese, East Tennessee State Univ.—This paper ex­amines the six models of study—lexicographical, historical, folkloric, linguistic geographical, social, and descriptive—which have dominated American dialectology from 1889 to the present. It delineates the theories which underlie the models, lists the prin­cipal characteristics and provides examples of each, notes the significant changes which have taken place in the development of the models, and examines then- strengths and limitations. It pays particular attention to the latest model, i.e. descriptive, and shows it reunifies dialectology with modem linguistic theory.

10:40 Break.10:50 The Archaicness of Appalachian Speech.

M ichael M ontgomery, Univ. of South Carolina.— One hundred years ago, with the advent of the Ameri­can Dialect Society, the call went out to collect and document features of American dialects, particularly in remote and relic areas, that were in danger of passing into history. This challenge pertained espe­cially to Southern Appalachia. The rush to collect archaisms from mountain hollows and coves began apace, bearing fruit immediately in the publication of “Dialectal Survivals in Tennessee” by ADS member Calvin S. Brown in 1889.

This paper examines the notion of the archaicness of Appalachian speech from historiographic and lin­guistic points of view. Surveying the relevant litera­ture in McMillan and Montgomery 1989, it chron­icles the research on this aspect of the region’s speech and addresses these questions: 1) To what extent has the effort to document the archaicness of Appala­chian speech been successful? 2) How archaic has the research shown Appalachian speech to be? To the extent that it differs from other varieties of American speech, does this represent colonial lag? Or does it represent carryovers of dialect features from the British Isles? If the latter, to what extent do these features represent English, Scottish, or Irish influences?

11:15 Lexicographer Defines “M ajor Revi­sion.” Harry H oma, Morris High School, Bronx, N.Y.—“A major revision of its predecessor.” So says Victoria Neufeldt, editor in chief of the Third

College Edition of Webster's New World Dictionary. I demonstrate that the Third Edition (1988) is indeed an overhaul of the Second College Edition (1970). Alterations occur at virtually every feature of a dic­tionary entry: syllabication; spelling; pronunciation; field and usage labels; redefined, added, or dropped definitions; new words, idioms and scientific data; lists of synonyms; and stylistic matters.

I examine 137 consecutive entries from go to go- go, exhibiting 44 different changes (not counting stylistic repetitions). In addition, I point to changes made at some 20 other entries: burglarize, contact, data, disinterested, gay, graduate, hopefully, [It’s] melhim/her/us/them, O.K., theirs, idiot, imbecile, moron, -man, ancestress, editress,poetess, usherette. In such minutiae lies the lexicographer’s definition of a major revision.

11:40 Documenting the Bicentennial. B ethany D umas, Univ. o f Tennessee and Donna Christian, Center for Applied Linguistics.

12:05 Dialects in the Entertainment Industry. Allyn Partin, Dialect Accent Specialists, Los Ange­les.—Dialects and accents are used extensively in movies, television, and radio “voice over.” Between 10 and 25 percent of roles call for some sort of accented speech, and many roles that require a Gen­eral American accent are cast with actors who are from other countries or speak with strong American regionalisms. I will discuss which accents are used the most, American and foreign, and the technique we use in our private practice to teach them.

Then I will discuss “Standard American” and what it means to the entertainment industry: how difficult it is to learn, the notion of a “mid-Atlantic” accent, British vs. “Elevated” American, the most common psychological barriers in learning Standard American, why actors need to match each other in their speech patterns and examples of projects where this was not done, myths that actors and directors fall prey to while working with accents, and much more.

This should be a lively, anecdotal look behind the scenes in the movie business that will acquaint the audience with a non-academic use for dialect linguis­tics.

(Have lunch with us—see next page)

September 1989 NADS 21.3 Page 9

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 3012:30 Linguistic Nationalism in the Old South.

Allen W alker R ead, Columbia Univ., emeritus.

Annual Luncheon 1:00-2:30 p.m., Terrace West Radisson Park TerraceChair: Thomas J. Creswell, ADS President.

Reservations required in advance; see notice at right. Program:

Introduction of Presidential Honorary Members 1990.

A Brief History of the American Dialect Soci­ety. A udrey D uckert, Univ. o f Massachusetts, Amherst. (Read by Allan Metcalf, ADS Executive Secretary.)

r NWAVE-18 WITH ADS-100The 18 th Conference on New Ways

of Analyzing Variation in English and Other Languages: Duke University, Friday-Sunday, October 20-22. Co­sponsored by the American Dialect Society on the occasion of our centen­nial.

Speakers:Jennifer Cheshire W ladyslaw C iciiocki W illiam O ’Barr D ennis Preston R oger S huy Peter Trudgill and others

Topics:Variation and law Folk linguistics and others

For m eeting information write NWAVE-XVIII/ADS-C, c/o Ron Butt­ers, Dept, of English, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706; phone (919) 684- 2741,684-6561,328-1914.

V

MAKE YOUR RESERVATIONS NOW'

FOR THE CENTENNIAL ANNUAL LUNCHEON

1-2:30 P.M. SATURDAY, DEC. 30 Inclusive price $26.00

Likely menu: Maryland crab soup, gourmet salads, fruit tart, beverage;

y write or call in December for specifics/ Call or write Executive Secretary Allan Metcalf

Special dietary requirements can be met by prior

arrangement

PRELIMINARY CALL FOR PAPERS: 1990,1991

The 1990 ADS Annual Meeting will be held as usual Dec. 27-30 with MLA, this time in Chicago. Deadline for abstracts for our MLA or independent sessions will be March 19,1990.

The Linguistic Society will also come to Chi­cago—but a week later than usual. Its next annual meeting will be Jan. 3-6,1991 at the Chicago Hilton (with rooms for a flat $53). ADS will again sponsor a session there, too, with a deadline for abstracts of May 1,1990.

If you should be interested in chairing that session, please notify Executive Secretary Allan Metcalf this fall; the Executive Council will appoint a chair at our December 1989 meeting.

In succeeding years, LSA plans to meet in San Francisco and New York. MLA has not yet decided.

NEW BOOKS BY ADS MEMBERS

I f you have recently published a book, send perti­nent information to Executive Secretary Allan Met­calf (address on cover), and we’ll mention it here.

Gerald Leonard Cohen, ed. Studies in Slang, Part 2. Forum Anglicum, vol. 16. New York: Peter Lang. 198 pages.J

Page 10 NADS 21.3 September 1989

DIRECTORY OF MEMBERS, SEPTEMBER 1989In addition to the 530 individuals listed here, about 270 institutions belong to the ADS. Updated mailing

labels and lists are available from the Executive Secretary, free for ADS mailings and at a reasonable fee for other purposes of benefit to members. Listings by locality are available to members who would like to get to know their neighbors.

Special categories include §Life Membership, available for $400 (minus the current year’s dues, if paid); •Emeritus Membership, free to retired members, but including only the Newsletter; ’•'^Presidential Honorary Membership, awarded to three students annually by the ADS President, and *Student Membership, including all publications, at $10 per year for as many as three years. A student’s application should be accompanied by a confirming note from an ADS member.ABE, Goh, Meizen College, 2272-1 Kitafukigoe Shinmyoaza, Kokubunjicho Ayautagun, Kagawa-Ken 769-01, Japan **ADAMS, Carol M., 3116 Blithewood Rd., Richmond VA 23225 (Emory Univ., LAGS Project)AGEE, W. Hugh, 125 Aderhold Hall, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602AKERS, W. Gerald, 1317 Sussex Place, Norfolk VA 23508AL-AZZAWI, Mary Lee, 7738 W. Palatine, Chicago IL 60631 (De Paul Univ.)ALEONG, Stanley, 406 Pine Ave. West, Apt. 65, Montreal Quebec H2W 1S2, Canada (Concordia Univ.)ALEXANDER, James D., Department of English, University of Wisconsin Center, 2000 West Fifth St., Marshfield Wl 54449 §ALGEO, John, Department of English, Park Hall, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602ALLEN, Irving Lewis, Department of Sociology, U-68 Manchester Hall Rm. 121, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT 06268 ALVA, Charles, 412 Walnut Drive S., Monmouth OR 97361 (Western Oregon State Coll., emer.)AMAN, Gerard-Paul, 1916 Kenbar Ct„ McLean VA 22101-5321AMAN, Reinhold, Maledicta Press, 331 S. Greenfield Ave., Waukesha Wl 53186-6492§AMEMIYA, Tsuyoshi, 1455-4 Aihara, Machida, Tokyo, JapanAMES, Jay, P.O. Box 5, Station G, Toronto Ontario M4M 3E8, Canada'ANDERSON, Laura L., 2810 Cimarron Ct., College Station TX 77843 (Texas A&M University)ANSHEN, Frank, Department of Linguistics, SUNY, Stony Brook NY 11794-4376 ARAKELIAN, Paul G., Department of English, University of Rhode Island, Kingston Rl 02881 ARMBRUSTER, Tom, 148 Lemon Grove, Irvine CA 92720 ARONOFF, Mark, 420 Moriches Road, St. James NY 11780 (SUNY Stonybrook)ARRUDA, Ron, 19 Agassiz St. No. 22, Cambridge MA 02140ASH, Sharon, 816 S. 48th St., Philadelphia PA 19143 (Univ. of Pennsylvania)ASHLEY, Leonard R.N., 1901 Avenue H, Brooklyn NY 11230 (Brooklyn College CUNY)ASHMEAD, John, 10 Railroad Ave. Apt. 2B, Haverford PA 19041 (Haverford College)AULETTA, Richard P., Box A, Roslyn NY 11576 (Long Island Univ.)BABITCH, Rose Mary, Professor of English, Centre Universitaire de Shippagan, Shippagan N.B. E0B 2P0, Canada BAILEY, Lucille M., English Dept. Indiana Univ. Kokomo, 2300 S. Washington, Box 9003, Kokomo IN 46904 BAILEY, Richard W., Dept, of English Language and Lit., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Ml 48109 BAILEY, Guy, Department of English, Texas A & M University, College Station TX 77843BAILEY, Charles-James N., Technische Universitat Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7 (Zi. 815), D-1000 Berlin 10, West Germany BAIRD, Scott, Department of English, Trinity University, 715 Stadium Drive, San Antonio TX 78284 BAKER, Margaret P., Div. of Communications and Language Arts, Brigham Young Univ. Hawaii Campus, Laie HI 96762-

1294BAND, Benjamin, 208 Deering Ave., Portland ME 04102 BANET, Robert A., 15 Forestdale Park, Calumet City IL 60409 BARNHART, Robert K., 54 South State Road, Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 § BARNHART, David K, P.O. Box 247, 75 Main Street, Cold Spring NY 10516 BARNHART, Clarence L., 26 Latimer Lane, Bronxville NY 10708§BARON, Dennis E., Dept, of English, University of Illinois, 608 S. Wright St., Urbana IL 61801 (University of Illinois) BARTELT, Guillermo, English Department, California State University, 18111 Nordhoff Street—ENGL, NorthridgeCA 91330 BAUGH, John, Department of Linguistics, University of Texas, Austin TX 78712 BEADE, Pedro, Dept, of English, Bryant College, Smithfield Rl 02917BEAM, C. Richard, Editor, Pennsylvania German Dictionary, 406 Spring Drive, Millersville PA 17551 'BEASON, Larry, Dept, of English, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843-4227 BEINER, Judith S., 22848 El Dorado Dr., Boca Raton FL 33433 BENNETT, Jacob, University of Maine, English Department, Orono ME 04469 BENSON, Morton, 219 Myrtle Ave., Havertown PA 19083 (University of Pennsylvania)BERDAN, Robert, School of Education, California State University, Long Beach CA 90840 §BERGDAHL, David, English Department, Ohio University, Athens OH 45701

September 1989 NADS 21.3 Page 11BERGER, Marshall D., 5 Greywood Drive, Orangeburg NY 10962 (City College of New York CUNY)BERNSTEIN, Cynthia, Dept, of English, Auburn University, Auburn AL 36649-5203 BERNSTEIN, Richard, The New York Times, 229 West 43rd St., New York NY 10036 BIBER, Douglas, Dept, of Linguistics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90089 BILLS, Garland D., Department of Linguistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM 87131 BIRD, Donald A., 1637 North Dillon St., Los Angeles CA 90026 BIRNS, H. William, Box 151, New Kingston NY 12459 BLACKMAN, Sylvia B„ 2056 - 81 st Street, Brooklyn NY 11214BLANTON, Linda Lonon, Dept, of English, Univ. of New Orleans, Lakefront, New Orleans LA 70148BOERTIEN, Harmon S., Dept, of English, University of Houston, Houston TX 77204-3012BOLINGER, Dwight, 2718 Ramona St., Palo Alto CA 94306•BOONE, Lalia, 3507 Hutch PI., Chevy Chase MD 20815§BORDIE, John G., 3704 Greenway, Austin TX 78705 (Univ. of Texas)BRENGELMAN, Fred H., Linguistics Department, California State Univ., Fresno CA 93740 BREWER, Jeutonne, Dept, of English, Mclver Building, University of North Carolina, Greensboro NC 27412-5001 BRINKMAN, Elizabeth, Department of English, Wittenberg University, Springfield OH 45501 BRONSTEIN, Arthur J., 975 Underhills Road, Oakland CA 94610 (Grad. School CUNY, emer.)BROOKE, Maxey, 912 Old Ocean Ave., Sweeny TX 77480§BRYANT, Dr. Margaret M., D 205, Clemson Downs, Clemson SC 29631BUELL, Warren H., 608 N. Cherokee Ave., Los Angeles CA 90004"BURGES, Judith B., 26 Hilcreek Blvd., Charleston SC 29412 (Univ. of South Carolina)BURKE, Maj. Michael A., HQ, Support Command, 1st Armored Division, APO New York NY 09068 BURKETT, Eva, 906 Trotwood Ave. #59-F, Columbia TN 38401 BUTCHER, Clifton H., Steward Towers 705, 200 Fort Meade Road, Laurel MD 20707 §BUTTERS, Ronald R., PO Box 3212, Topsail Beach NC 28445BYRD, Patricia, 1095 N. Jamestown Rd. Apt. O, Decatur GA 30033 (Georgia State University)BYRNE, Francis, Linguistics, Shawnee State University, Portsmouth OH 45662§CALLARY, Edward, English Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL60115'CAMPBELL, Kim Sydow, Dept, of English, Allen Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA 70803CANNON, Garland, Dept, of English, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843•CARDENAS, Daniel N., 4924 Icaria Way, Ocean Hills CA 92056CARLSON, David R., 34 Spaulding St., Amherst MA 01002 (Springfield Coll.)CARMONY, Marvin, English Dept., Indiana State University, Terre Haute IN 47809CARPENTER, C. Leslie, The Ohio State University at Marion, 1465 Mt. Vernon Ave., Marion OH 43302-5695 CARROLL, Linda L., Dept, of French and Italian, Tulane University, New Orleans LA 70118 CARVER, Craig, 2213 Center Ave., Madison Wl 53704 (DARE)CASSIDY, Fred G., DARE, 6125 Helen White Hall, University of Wisconsin, Madison Wl 53706CHAMBERS, J. K., Department of Linguistics, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario M5S 1A1, CanadaCHASKI, Carole, 3930 Broad River Rd. C-3, Columbia SC 29210CHING, Marvin K.L., English Dept., Memphis State Universty, Memphis TN 38152CHRISTIAN, Donna, Center for Applied Linguistics, 1118 - 22nd St. NW, Washington DC 20037CHWAT M.S. C.C.C.-S.P., Sam, 253 West 16th St., New York NY 10011 (New York Speech Improvement Services)CICHOCKI, Wladyslaw, DMLL, Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853-4701CLARK, Virginia P., Department of English, 315 Old Mill, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 05405§CLARK, Thomas L., English Department, University of Nevada, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas NV 89154CLARKE, Sandra, Linguistics Dept., Memorial University, St. John’s Nfld. A1B 3X9, Canada§CLOUGH, Mrs. Wendell, 7104 Pinetree Road, Richmond VA 23229COHEN, Gerald, Applied Arts and Cultural Studies, 213 Humanities Building, University of Missouri, Rolla MO 65401-0249 COLE, George S., 1416 Bradley Ave., Hummelstown PA 17036-9143 (Shippensburg University)COLEMAN, William L., Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro NC 27412-5001 ‘ COLLIER-FOYT, Barbara, PO Box 297, Mumford TX 77867 (Texas A&M Univ.)COLLINS, James T., Indo-Pacific Languages, University of Hawaii, 2540 Maile Way, Honolulu HI 96822 §COLTHARP, Lurline H., 4263 Ridgecrest, El Paso TX 79902 COOLEY, Marianne, 7810 Barberton Dr., Houston TX 77036 COOPER, David, 150 West End Ave. Apt. 29D, New York NY 10023COOPER, Grace C., 6712 West Park Drive, Hyattsville MD 20782 (Univ. of District of Columbia)COYE, Dale, 635 Route 518, Skillman NJ 08558 (Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching)CRABTREE, E.L., Apdo Postal 27-108, Mexico DF, 06760, Mexico (Universidad Autonoma de Chapingo)CREAMER, Thomas, 6619 Westmoreland Ave., Takoma Park MD 20912CRESWELL, Thomas J., 447 E. Furness Road, Michigan City IN 46360 (Chicago State Univ., emer.)CRITTENDEN, Charlotte C., English Department, Georgia Southern College, L.B. 8023, Statesboro GA 30460 "CRONIN, Michael T., 1736 W. 102nd St., Chicago IL 60643 (Chicago State University)

Page 12 NADS 21.3 September 1989CRONQUIST, Stanley, 12703 Jones Rd. #612, Houston TX 77070CROSBY, David, Box 89, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS, 39096CROSS, John D., P.O. Box 250404, San Francisco CA 94125CROWELL, Michael G., English Department, Knox College, Galesburg IL 61401CUNNINGHAM, Irma, Hiltin West, 2F Hiltin Place (Pine Meadow), Greensboro NC 27409CUNNINGHAM, Donald, 436 Joost Avenue, San Fransisco CA 94127 (City Coll, of San Fransisco)D'AIUTA, Amy, 209 Avenue C. Apt. 11H, New York NY 10009 DAEGER, Giles A „ 2228 E. Newberry Blvd., Milwaukee Wl 53211 DAGGETT, Rowan K., Box 92, Manchester College, North Manchester IN 46962 DALZELL, Tom, PO Box 4790, Walnut Creek CA 94596 DAVIS, Lawrence, Dept, of English, Ball State University, Muncie IN 47306-0460 DAVIS, Alva L., 65 South 21st St., Terre Haute IN 47803 de WOLF, Gaelan T., 2706 Heron St., Victoria B.C. V8R 6A2, Canada DEVITT, Amy J., English Department, Wescoe Hall, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045 Dl PAOLO, Marianna, Linguistics Program, Stewart Building, University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT 84112 DIENSBERG, Bernhard, University of Tromso, School of Languages and Literature, P.O. Box 1090, N-9001 Tromse,

NorwayDILL, Lesa, English Department, Western Kentucky Univ., Bowling Green KY 42101DONOGHUE, Mildred R., Professor of Education, California State University, Fullerton CA 92634DORSEY Jr., David F., Atlanta University, Atlanta GA 30314DOWNEY Jr., Andrew F„ 1551 Knob Hill Dr. NE, Atlanta GA 30329DOYLE, Charles Clay, English Department, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602"DRAY, Nancy L., 5843 S. Blackstone Ave. #203, Chicago IL 60637DRESSMAN, Michael R„ Humanities, Univ. of Houston - Downtown, 1 Main Street, Houston TX 77002DuBOIS, Barbara R., Luis Lopez Star Route 2, Box 153, Socorro NM 87801 (New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology)§DUCKERT, Audrey R., One Maplewood Terrace, Hadley MA 01035 (Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst)DURANTE, Joanne F., 13532 Elbur Lane, Lakewood OH 44107DURMOLLER, Urs, English Sem. - Univ. of Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland EAGLESON, Robert D., Department of English, University of Sydney, Sydney N.S.W. 2006, Australia EBLE, Connie C., English Department, 3520 Greenlaw Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC 27599 EDWARDS, Walter F., Graduate School, 352 Mackenzie Hall, Wayne State University, Detroit Ml 48202 “ EDWARDS, Kathleen, 1746 Canada Apt. B, Glendale CA 91208 (Univ. of California, Irvine)EGESDAL, Steve, 3707 Round Top Drive, Honolulu HI 96822EICHHOFF, Juergen, Department of German, 838 Van Hise Hall, 1220 Linden Drive, Madison Wl 53706 ELLIS, Michael, English Department, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield MO 65804 ENNINGER, Werner, Am Krusen 8, D43 Essen 15, West Germany (Univ. Essen)ESKIN, Eden Force, 237 East 20 St. Apt. 6H, New York NY 10003§ESLING, John H., Dept, of Linguistics, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria B.C. V8W 2Y2, Canada EVANS, William, English Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA 70803 FARIES, Rachel B., 3 Monterey PI., Alton IL 62002 (Alton High School)FASOLD, Ralph W., Dept, of Linguistics, School of Languages & Linguistics, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057 §FEAGIN, Crawford, 2312 North Upton St., Arlington VA 22207 (Univ. of Virginia, Falls Church)§FEHL, Alfred P., Route 3, Box 100, Smithsburg MD 21783 (Hagerstown Jr. College)FERNANDEZ, Joseph A., Avda. Fanals 18 "El Narcea”, 17250 Playa de Aro, Gerona, Spain (East Carolina Univ., emer.) FERRARA, Kathleen, Dept, of English, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843-4227 §FINEGAN, Edward, Department of Linguistics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90089 FINNEY, Joseph C., 11561 Spur Road, Monterey CA 93940-6621 FITZ-SIMONS, T.B., 710 Mote Road, Carrollton GA 30117 (West Georgia College)FLANIGAN, Beverly O., Dept, of Linguistics, Ohio University, Athens OH 45701-2979 FLEXNER, Stuart, Reference Department, Random House, 201 East 50th St., New York NY 10022 FLINT, Jane Appleby, 118 Palm Drive, St. Simons Island GA 31522 FLYNN, Margaret, 27 Yacht Club Cove, Staten Island NY 10308FOLEY, Lawrence M., English Department, James Madison University, Harrisonburg VA 22807 FORGUE, Guy Jean, Institut du Monde Anglophone, 5, rue de I'Ecole-de-Medecine, 75006 Paris, France FORTINSKY, Jerome S., Oxford Heights Apts. Buckingham #5, Albany NY 12203 FOSCUE, Virginia Oden, P.O. Box 3101 ESS, Tuscaloosa AL 35404-0401 (Univ. of Alabama)FRANCIS, W. Nelson, Linguistics, Brown University, Box 1978, Providence Rl 02912 FRAZER, Timothy C., Department of English, Western Illinois University, Macomb IL 61455 FRIES, Peter H., Box 310, Mt. Pleasant Ml 48804 (Central Michigan University)FRITTS, David C., 110 Austin Ave., Carrollton GA30117FUTRELL AL 6005 Windsong Ct., Louisville KY 40207 (University of Louisville)GABROVSEK, Dusan, Titova 85, 61000 Ljubljana, Yugoslavia

September 1989 NADS 21.3 Page 13GARNER, Bryan A., School of Law, University of Texas, 727 East 26th St., Austin TX 78705-3299GATES, J. Edward, Inst, fur Anglistik Univ. Regensburg, Universitatsstr. 31 - Postfach 397, D-8400 Regensburg, West

Germany (Indiana State Univ., emer.)GAWN, James D., 321 Nevin St., Lancaster PA 17603-3357GILBERT, Glenn G., RR 4 Union Hill Box 371, Carbondale IL 62901-9804 (Southern Illinois Univ.)GILMER, Paul, American Consulate Adana, APO New York NY 09289-5020GLOSSNER, Alan J., Monroe Community College, Arts Division, 1000 East Henrietta Road, Rochester NY 14623 GLOWKA, Arthur W., Department of English and Speech, Georgia College, Millodgeville GA 31061 GOZZI Jr., Raymond, Division of Communication, Bradley University, Peoria IL 61625 (Bradley University)GRANGER, Byrd Howell, Box 843, Carefree AZ 85377 GREEN, Eugene, 15 Russell Street, Brookline MA 02146 GREEN, Archie, 224 Caselli Ave., San Francisco CA 94114GREENBAUM, Sidney, Survey of English Usage, University College London, Gower St. London WC1E 6BT, EnglandGREGG, Alvin L., Department of English, Wichita State University, Wichita KS 67208GREGG, R. J., PH-6, 518 Moberley Road, Vancouver, B.C. V5Z 4G3, Canada (Univ. of British Columbia)•GUNN, John, English Department, University of Sydney, Sydney N.S.W. 2006, Australia GUNTER, Richard, English Department, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208 HABICK, Timothy, 116 Laurel Ave., Cheltenham PA 19012 (Educational Testing Service)HALL, Joseph S., 3174 Calle Osuna, Oceanside CA 92056 HALL, Joan H., 2724 Regent Street, Madison Wl 53705 (DARE)HANDSCOMBE, R. J., Department of English, Glendon College, 2275 Bayview Ave., Toronto Ontario M4N 3M6, Canada HARDER, Kelsie B., State University College, English Department, Potsdam NY 13676 HARRIS, Patricia Harn, 202 West Broadway, Columbia MO 65203 (Central Methodist College)HARRIS, Dolores R., Am Con Gen Box 100, FPO San Francisco CA 96655HARRIS, Barbara P., Univ. of Victoria Dept, of Linguistics, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria B.C. V8W 2Y2, CanadaHARTMAN, James W., English Department, 3116 Wescoe Hall, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045§HATTERY, Carl M., 1101 Palmer Rd. #13, Fort Washington MD 20744-4632HAUGEN, Einar, 45 Larch Circle, Belmont MA 02178HAWKES, P.H.R., M.D., 19 Bassett St., New Britain CT 06051§HAYAKAWA, S. I., Box 100, Mill Valley CA 94942HAYES, Darwin L., Graduate School, B-360 ASB, Brigham Young University, Provo UT 84602HEAP, Norman A., Communication and Theatre Dept., Trenton State College, Hillwood Lakes CN4700, Trenton NJ 08650-

4700HECKER, Don R„ 425 E. 65th St. 17, New York NY 10021 HEFLIN, Woodford A., 3400 Dartmouth Circle, Montgomery AL 36111 HENDERSON, Deona Reale, 1503 N. Garrett #202, Dallas TX 75206 HERSHEY-MILLER, Sadelle, 75 Henry St. Box 227, Brooklyn Hts. NY 11201HETHERINGTON, Dr. M. Sue, P.O. Box 842, Pleasanton TX 78064 (The College of Charleston, emer.)HICKERSON, Joseph C., 43 Philadelphia Ave., Takoma Park MD 20912 (Library of Congress)HIGGINS, Worth J„ PO Box 838, Waldo FL 32694HILL, Archibald A., 3403 Mt. Bonnell Dr., Austin TX 78731 (Univ. of Texas, emer.)HILL, Jane H., Dept, of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721 HINES, Carole Phillips, Department of English, Old Dominion University, Norfolk VA 23508 HINKLE, James, English Department, San Diego State University, San Diego CA 92182 HINTON, Leanne, Dept, of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720HIRVONEN, Pekka A., Dept, of Composition, Univ. of Minnesota, Duluth, 420 Hum. Bldg., 10 Univ. Dr., Duluth MN 55812-

2496HOAD, T.F., St. Peter's College, Oxford, OX1 2DL, EnglandHOCKETT, Charles F., 145 North Sunset Drive, Ithaca NY 14850 (Cornell Univ., emer.)HOFFER, Bates L., Department of English, Box 47, Trinity University, San Antonio TX 78284 HOLM, John A., 117 West 13th Street, 34, New York NY 10011 (Hunter College, CUNY)"HOLM, Karen Cohen, 3125 38th St. NW, Washington DC 20016HOMA, Harry, 280 Riverside Dr. Apt. 6H, New York NY 10025 (Morris High School, Bronx, NY)HOPKINS, Tometro, Dept, of English, Florida International Univ., North Miami Campus, Miami FL 33181 •HORN, Thomas D., Department of Curriculum, and Instruction, University of Texas, Austin TX 78712 HORNER, Winifred B.. 11 South Glenwood, Columbia MO 65201 (Texas Christian University)HOUCK, Charles L., Department of English, Ball State University, Muncie IN 47306-0460HOUSE, Anthony B., 1100 Lincoln Road, Fredericton N.B., E3B 4X2, Canada (University of New Brunswick)•HOWARD, Martha C., 360 Mulberry Street, Morgantown, WV, 26505 (West Virginia University, emer.)HOWE, Nicholas, Dept, of English, 760 Van Vleet Oval, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019 §HOWELL IV, Edgar C., Ackerstr. 49, 5060 Bergisch-Gladbach 1, West Germany HOWLETT, C. R., 72 Curzon Street, Reading Berks., RG3 IDA, England

Page 14 NADS 21.3 September 1989HOWREN, Robert, Route 3 Box 608, Hillsborough NC 27278 (University of North Carolina)HOYLE, Susan M., 5213 Portsmouth Rd., Bethesda MD 20816HUDSON, Barbara Hill, English Dept., Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana PA 15705-1094 HUFFINES, Marion Lois, Department of Modern Languages, Bucknell University, Lewisburg PA 17837 HULL, Alexander, Dept, of Romance Languages, Duke University, Durham NC 27706 ‘ HUMPA, Gregory J., Purdue University, FLL Dept., Stanley Coulter Hall, West Lafayette IN 47907 "HUNT, Marcia L., Linguistics Dept., Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305 (Stanford University)IKEMIYA, Tsuneko, 5-6-20 Higashi, Tomigaoka, Nara City 631, Japan (Tezugayama University)§INOUE, Fumio, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 4-51-21, Nishigahara 4-chome, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114, Japan IRWIN, Betty J., English Department, Park Hall, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602 §JACKSON, Sarah Evelyn, Dept, of English, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332 JAFFE, Hilda A., 1425 Red Robin Ln. Apt. G-26, New Bern NC 28562JAVOR, George, Department of Foreign Languages, Northern Michigan University, Marquette Ml 49855 JOCHNOWITZ, George, 54 East 8th Street, New York NY 10003 (College of Staten Island)"JOHNSON, Ellen, Rt. 2, Box 2057-4, Hoschton GA 30548 (Linguistic Atlas Project, Univ. of Georgia)•JOHNSON, Falk S., 7624 Maple Street, Morton Grove IL 60053 (Univ. of Chicago emer.)JOHNSON, Edith Trager, 951 Cocopah Drive, Santa Barbara CA 93110 (San Jose State University, emer.)JOHNSTON, Paul, Linguistics Program, Dept, of Anthropology, State University of New York, Binghamton NY 13901•JONES, Morgan E., 6 Lincoln Place, New Paltz NY 12561"JOSEPHSON, Roberta, 215 Mountain Rest Rd., New Paltz NY 12561JUSTICE, David, Merriam-Webster Inc., 47 Federal Street, P.O. Box 281, Springfield MA 01102§KAGEMOTO, Fumio, 5-13-20 Komagabayashi-cho, Nagata-ku, Kobe-shi, 653, Japan§KATO, Kazuo, Iwate Medical University, 16-1 Honcho-dori 3-chome, Morioka-shi 020, JapanKAWAKAMI, Michio, 3-6-7 Fukumen, Ohno-machi Saiki-gun, Hiroshima-ken 739-04, JapanKAYE, Alan S., Department of Linguistics, California State University, Fullerton CA 92634KERRIGAN, William J., 645 Ruddock No. 1, Covina CA 91723 (Fullerton College, emer.)§KEY, Mary Ritchie, Program in Linguistics, University of California, Irvine CA 92717KIES, Daniel, Dept, of English, College of DuPage, 22nd St. and Lambert Road, Glen Ellyn IL 60137 (College of DuPage) KIM, M.D., Zae K., 1226 Robin Rd., Millville NJ 08332KINGSBURY, Stewart A., Department of English, Northern Michigan University, Marquette Ml 49855KINLOCH, A. Murray, Dept, of English, University of New Brunswick, P O Box 4400, Fredericton N.B. E3B 5A3, CanadaKIRK, Dr. John M., Dept, of English, Queen's Univ. of Belfast, Belfast BT7 INN, Northern IrelandKIRWIN, William J., 7 Rodney St., St. John's, Nfld. A1B 3B3, Canada (Memorial University of Newfoundland)KLAMMER, Enno, Eastern Oregon State College, La Grande OR 97850KLEPARSKI, Grzegorz, English Dept. - Catholic Univ., Al. Raclawickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, PolandKONTRA, Miklos, Linguistics Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1250 Budapest P.O.B. 19, HungaryKRAHN, Albert E., Milwaukee Area Technical College, 700 West State St., Milwaukee Wl 53233KRETZSCHMAR Jr., William A., English Department, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602KRIPKE, Madeline, 317 West 11th Street, New York NY 10014KRUCK, William E., Department of Linguistics, Dey Hall 014-A, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC 27514 KUHN, Sherman M., 225 Buena Vista, Ann Arbor Ml 48103 (Univ. of Michigan, emer.)KUMAGAI, Tadashi, 107 Tandai-kyoshokuin-jutaku, 29-5-2, Komasu-cho, Fukui-shi, 910, Japan (Fukui Prefectural College) §KURATH, Hans, 2203 Hickman Rd., Ypsilanti Ml 48198 (Univ. of Michigan, emer.)KUYA, Takao, Noke 1-3-24, Sawaraku, Fukuoka 814-01, Japan (Seinan Univ.)•KYTE, Elinor C., 1230 Saturn Way, Flagstaff AZ 86001 (Northern Arizona Univ., emer.)LAMB, Anthony, Foreign Languages Department, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond IN 46323 LAMBERT, Anne H., 51 Fairmont St., Cambridge MA 02139LANCE, Donald M., Department of English, 107 Tate Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65211 LANDAU, Sidney, Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20 St., New York NY 10011LARMOUTH, Donald W., Dean of Arts, Sciences, and Graduate Progs., Academic Affairs LC-805, University of Wisconsin,

Green Bay Wl 54311-7001 LARSEN, Eric V., 400 W. 119th St. No. 5F, New York NY 10027 (Teachers College Columbia Univ.)LARSEN, Vernon S., 1160 East 53rd St., Chicago IL 60615LATTEY, Elsa, Sem. fur Englische Philologie, Universitat Tubingen, Wilhelmstrasse 50, West Germany LAUINGER, Ann, 34 Hudson St., Ossining NY 10562 (Sarah Lawrence Coll.)§LAZERSON, Barbara Hunt, Department of Curriculum, and Instruction, Illinois State University, Normal IL 61761 LeCOMPTE, Nolan P., Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, P.O. Box 2020, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux LA

70301LEHMANN, Winfred P., 3800 Eck Lane, Austin TX 78734 (Univ. of Texas)LEIDING, Reba, Centerfor Human Resource Research, Ohio State University, 921 Chatham Lane, Suite 200, Columbus OH

43221-2418LERUD, Theodore K., Dept, of English, Elmhurst College, Elmhurst IL 60126LIGHTER, Jonathan E„ English Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996-0430

September 1989 NADS 21.3 Page 15§LINN, Michael D., English Department, 420 Humanities Building, University of Minnesota, Duluth MN 55812 LIPSKI, John M., Dept, of Romance Languages, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611 LITTLE, Greta D., English Dept., University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208 LONG, Richard A., 883 Edgewood Ave. SE, Inman Park, Atlanta GA 30307 (Atlanta Univ.)LORENZ, Brenna E., 4926 Lexington St., Erie PA 16509 (Chemistry and Geology, Mercyhurst Coll.)LOUDEN, Dr. Mark L., Department of Germanic Languages, University of Texas, Batts Hall 216, Austin TX 78712-1126 MACAULAY, Ronald K.S., 317 West 7th St., Claremont CA 91711 (Pitzer College)MACHONIS, Peter A., Dept, of Modern Languages, Florida International Univ., University Park, Miami FL33199MacLEISH, Andrew, Dept, of English, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455MacPHERSON, William H., 5701 Elderberry Ct. NE, Albuquerque NM 87111MALMSTROM, Jean, 1324 Long Road, Kalamazoo Ml 49008MARSHALL, Helaine W., 2073 Wintergreen Ct., Green Bay Wl 54304MARTIN, Charles B., Department of English, University of North Texas, Denton TX 76203“ MARTINET, Thomas A., 5900 W. Auborn Ave., Las Vegas NV 89108 (Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas)MATTESON, Marianna Merritt, Dept, of Foreign Langs. & Lits., Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 MAYNOR, Natalie, Department of English, Mississippi State University, Drawer E, Mississippi State, MS, 39762 McCLELLAN, William, 4440 Granada Blvd., #12, Warrensville Heights OH 44128 McDANIEI, Susan Leas, 1141 Monroe Dr. N.E., Atlanta GA 30306§McDAVID, Virginia G., 9 Beach Lane Court, Ogden Dunes, PO Box 669, Portage IN 46368 (Chicago State Univ., emer.)McLELLAN, Donald B., 78 Lenape Lane, Berkeley Heights NJ 07922McMILLAN, James B., 7 North Pinehurst, Tuscaloosa AL 35401 (Univ. of Alabama, emer.)McPHERSON, Paul S., 5840 Cameron Run Terrace #1122, Alexandria VA 22303MENZEL, Peter, Inst. f. England- und Amerikastudien, J.W. Goethe-Universitat, Kettenhofweg 130, 6000 Frankfurt am Main

11, West GermanyMERMAN, Patrick, 13668 Shady Lane, Monroe Ml 48161 (Univ. of Chicago)MEYER, Charles F., Dept, of English, Univ. of Massachusetts at Boston, Harbor Campus, Boston MA 02125 MEYERS, Miriam, 2000 W. 21st St., Minneapolis MN 55405 (Metropolitan State Univ.)MILES, Edwin A., 2645 Alta Glen Drive, Birmingham AL 35243MILLER, Mary R., 2825 - 29th Place N.W., Washington DC 20008 (Univ. of Maryland)MILLER, Michael I., Dept, of English and Speech, Chicago State University, 95th St. and Martin Luther King Dr., Chicago IL

60628MILLWARD, Celia, 53 Forest Street, Providence Rl 02906 (Boston University)MINKOVA, Donka, Department of English, UCLA, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles CA 90024-1530 MISH, Frederick C., Merriam-Webster Inc., 47 Federal Street, P.O. Box 281, Springfield MA 01102 MITCHELL, Dr, Eleanor R., Department of English, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville TX 77341 MONTGOMERY, Michael B., Department of English, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208 MOONWOMAN, Birch, 2316 16th Ave., San Francisco CA 94116 (Linguistics, Univ. of California, Berkeley)MORRILL, Duncan E., 26909 Barbacoa Place, Saugus CA 91350 MORTON, Herbert C., 7106 Laverock Lane, Bethesda MD 20817MOULTON, William G., James Loeb Strasse 5, D-8110 Murnau, West Germany (Princeton Univ., emer.)MOYER, Melissa, Dept, de Fililogia Inglesa y German., Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain MUELLER, Erik T., 265 W. 81st St. Apt. 5D, New York NY 10024MUFWENE, Salikoko S., Dept, of Anthropology, Baldwin Hall, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602 MULTER, Jean L., 831 W. Santa Cruz, Tempe AZ 85282§MURRAY, Thomas E., Dept, of English, Kansas State University, Denison Hall, Manhattan KS 66506§MURTO, Richard B., Takagi-cho 3-22-19, Kokubunji-shi 185, Japan§NAGAI, Yoshimi, 2-10, Honkomagome 4-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, JapanNASH, Rose, 1290 Northwood Rd. Apt. 161-B, Seal Beach CA 90740NESS, Robert, Department of English, Dickinson College, Carlisle PA 17013-2896•NETSKY, Martin G., M.D., 1405 Chickering Road, Nashville TN 37215 (Vanderbilt Univ.)NEUFELDT, Victoria E., 2206 Kerrwood Road, Cleveland Hts., Cleveland OH 44118 •NEUFFER, Irene, 4532 Meadowood Rd., Columbia SC 29206 (Univ. of South Carolina, emer.)NEWHALL, Fred, 51 Ridge Road, Smithtown NY 11787•NEWMAN, John B., 32 Franklin PI., Great Neck NY 11023 (Queens Coll., CUNY, emer.)NEY, James W., English Department, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287 NICHOLS, Patricia C., 1430 Westmont Ave., Campbell CA 95008 (San Jose State Univ.)NICOLAISEN, Wilhelm F. H., Department of English, State University of New York, Binghamton NY 13901 NIEDZIELSKI, Henry, Dept, of European Languages, University of Hawaii, 1890 East-West Road, Honolulu HI 96822 NUESSEL, Frank, Modern Languages, University of Louisville, Louisville KY 40292NUNNALLY, Thomas, Dept, of English, 9030 Haley Center, Auburn University, Auburn University AL 36849-3501 NYGARD, HolgerO., English Department, Duke University, Durham NC 27706 “ NYLVEK, Judith A., 2434 Sutton Rd., Victoria B.C., V8N 1J2, Canada (Univ. of Victoria)

Page 16 NADS 21.3 September 1989ODEAN, Kathleen, 11 Burr Ave, Barrington Rl 02806§OISHI, Itsuo, 7 Saruhashi-machi, Otsuki-shi, Yamanashi-ken 409-06, JapanORD, Priscilla A., P.O. Box 907, Farmville VA 23901 (Longwood College)ORNSTEIN-GALICIA, Jacob L., Dept, of Linguistics, Univ. of Texas, El Paso TX 79968 OROSZ, Robert A., 3004 W. 6th St., Greeley CO 80631PAIKEDAY, Thomas M., The NYTimes Everyday Dictionary, 1776 Chalkdene Grove, MississaugaOnt., L4W2C3, Canada PAPER, Herbert H., Hebrew Union College, 3101 Clifton Ave., Cincinnati OH 45220 PARKER, Frank, 2205 Myrtle Ave., Baton Rouge LA 70806 (Louisiana State University)PARTIN, Allyn, Dialect Accent Specialists, 606 N. Larchmont Blvd. #4C, Los Angeles CA 90004PATTIS, Mark R., Vice President/Bus. Manager, NTC Publishing Group, 4255 West Touhy Ave., Lincolnwood IL 60646-1975 PAYNE, A. K., Department of English, New Mexico State University, Box 3E, Las Cruces NM 88003 PEDERSON, Lee, 1364 Springdale Road N.E., Atlanta GA 30306 (Emory Univ.)PENNINGTON, M.C., Dept, of ESL, University of Hawaii, 1890 East-West Road, Honolulu HI 96822 •PENZL, Herbert, Department of German, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720 PERANTEAU, Paul M., John Benjamins North America, 821 Bethlehem Pike, Philadelphia PA 19118 PERLMAN, M.D., Sidney, 1000 Asylum Ave., Hartford CT 06105 PERLOW, Austin H., 58 Fairway, Hempstead NY 11550PERRY, Jesse, San Diego City Schools, 4100 Normal St., Room 2009, San Diego CA 92103-2682PHILLIPS, Betty S., 9519 Sweet Grass Ridge, Columbia MD 21046PHILLIPS, Jean McCabe, 11341 Dona Teresa Drive, Studio City CA 91604 (UCLA)PICKETT, Penelope O., 601 Marcia Lane, Rockville MD 20851POLOME, Edgar C., 3403 Loyola Lane, Austin TX 78723POPE, Mike, Route 3 Box 510, Petersburg VA 23803 (Virginia State Univ.)PORTER, Mary Gray, P O Box 2572, Tuscaloosa AL 35403-2572 (Univ. of Alabama)POTEET, Lewis J., Dept, of English - Concordia Univ., 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal P.Q., H3G 1M8, Canada PRATT, Terry K., Department of English, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown P.E.I., CIA 4P3, Canada PRESTON, Dennis R., 6960 Hickory Run, Superior Township, Ypsilanti Ml 48198 (Eastern Michigan Univ.)‘ PULLIAM, Greg, 112 McBaine Ave., Columbia MO 65203 (Univ. of Missouri, Columbia)PURCELL, Chris, 308 East 68th St., Kansas City MO 64113-2439QUIRK, Randolph, Dept, of English, University College London, Gower Street London WC1E 6BT, England RADER, James, 208 W. 85th St. #4E, New York NY 10024 (Random House)RANDALL, Phyllis R., 2620 University Dr., Durham NC 27707 (N. Carolina Central Univ.)RANDEL, William P., R.F.D. 1, Alfred ME 04002 (Univ. of Maine, emer.)RAPHAEL, Lawrence J., 6 Longview Place, Great Neck NY 11021 (Herbert H. Lehman College CUNY)RAPP, Linda Loretto, 2120 Medford Road #3, Ann Arbor Ml 48104RATLIFF, Martha S., 802 S. 7th St., Ann Arbor Ml 48103-4767 (Wayne State Univ.)RAWSON, Hugh, 53 South St., Roxbury CT 06783§READ, Allen Walker, 39 Claremont Ave., New York NY 10027 (Columbia Univ., emer.)RECTOR, Monica Paula, Caixa Postal 38004, PUC - ZC 19, Rio de Janeiro 22.580, Brazil (Univ. Federal Fluminense) REDFERN, Richard K., Apt. 303, 1600 First Ave. West, Bradenton FL 34205 REED, David W., 903 N. Park Ave., Bolivar MO 65613 (Northwestern Univ., emer.)§RICH, John Stanley, P.O. Box 2582, Aiken SC 29802 (Univ. of South Carolina)§RICH, Paul J., P.O. Box 1300, Doha, Qatar"RICHARDSON, Carmen, c/o Maria Richardson, 4077 Globe Ave., Culver City CA 90230 RICKFORD, John R., Department of Linguistics, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305RILEY, Kathryn, Dept, of Composition, 420 Humanities Building, University of Minnesota, Duluth MN 55812-2496 RIOUX, R. N., Dept, of Foreign Langs, and Classics, 201 Clarence Cook Little Hall, University of Maine, Orono ME 04469 ROBERTS, Randy, Western Historical Manuscript Coll., 23 Ellis Library, University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65201 ROBERTS, Norman F , 2273 Apoepoe St., Pearl City HI 96782 ROBINSON, Mrs. Marina, 1933 E. Hawthorne St., Tucson AZ 85719 RODGERS, Bruce, 1051 Harrison, Santa Clara CA 95050RODMAN, Lilita, Dept, of English, Univ. of British Columbia, #397-1873 East Mall, Vancouver B.C., V6T 1W5, Canada ROTH, Christopher, 4215 Southeast 28th Place, Portland OR 97202RUBRECHT, August, Department of English, University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire Wl 54702-4004 RUDIN, Catherine, Humanities Division, Wayne State College, Wayne NE 68787 RUDOLPH, Robert S., 2802 Sagamore Road, Toledo OH 43606 (Univ. of Toledo)§RUFFNER Jr., Frederick G., Omnigraphics, Inc., Penobscot Bldg., Detroit Ml 48226 RUHL, Charles, English Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk VA 23508 RULON, Curt M., 2924 Sunnymede Ct., Topeka KS 66611 (Yemen American Lang. Inst.)SAFIRE, William L., The New York Times, Washington Bureau, 1627 I Street N.W., Washington DC 20006 SAHA, Proshanto K., 2853 Washington Blvd., Cleveland Heights OH 44118 (Case Western Reserve Univ.)SALMONS, Joe, Foreign Languages and Literatures, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907

NADS 21.3 Page 17SASAKI, Hideki, 5-1-1-407 Asahigaoka, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204 MZ, JapanSAUNDERS, Gladys E., Department of French, 302 Cabell Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA 22903 SCALA, Robert A., 83 Oakwood Ct., Fanwood NJ 07023 SCALA Joanne, 94-20 66th Ave., #3B, Rego Park NY 11374SCHEURINGER, Hermann, Univ. of Vienna, Inst. f. Germanistik, Liebiggasse 5, A-1010 Wien, Austria SCHLAGER, Walter, P.O. Box 302, Bangor CA 95914 §SCHNEIDEMESSER, Luanne von, 625 West Lakeside, Madison Wl 53715SCHOURUP, Lawrence, Faculty of Letters, Kobe University, 1-34, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657, Japan SCHUHMACHER, W.W., Kirkebakken 13, 4621 Gadstrup, Denmark SCHWARTZ, Judith l„ 849 Wesley St., Baldwin NY 11510SCOTT, Dr. Ann Martin, Department of English, Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana, P.O. Box 44691, Lafayette LA 70504-4691 SCOTT, Garrett H., 202 Foster Dr., Normal IL 61761SCOTTON, Carol Myers, Director, Linguistics Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208SEABURG, William R., 2016 N.E. Ravenna Blvd., Seattle, WA, 98105SEDELOW, Sally Y„ P.O. Box 942, Heber Springs AR 72543-0942SEIGEL, D. M., Northeastern Illinois Univ., 5500 North St. Louis, Chicago IL 60625SEITZ, Franz, Ctr. for Auditory and Speech Sciences, Mary Thornberry Bldg., Gallaudet Univ., 800 Florida Ave. N.E.,

Washington DC 20002 SEN, Ann L., Nazareth College, 4245 East Ave., Rochester NY 14610SEYMOUR, Richard K., Languages Linguistics and Lit., 2528 The Mall - Webster 204, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu HI 96822SHAFER, Robert E., Director - English Education, Department of English, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287-0302•SHAPIRO, David B., 13402 Heritage Way #710, Tustin CA 92680 (Info, and Computer Science, Univ. of California, Irvine)SHARMAN, G., P.O. Box 2928, Hollywood CA 90078-2928SHARP, Ann W., Box 30838 Furman University, Greenville SC 29613§SHARPE, William D., 62 University Court, South Orange NJ 07079SHIELDS Jr., Kenneth, 2887 Fleetwood Drive, Lancaster PA 17601 (Millersville State College)"SHIVELY, Judy, P.O. Box 26426, Las Vegas NV 89126 (Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas)SHORES, David L., Department of English, Old Dominion University, Norfolk VA 23508SHORT, Steven, P.O. Box 488, Glenbrook NV 89413SHUY, Roger W „ 2032 - 48th St. NW, Washington DC 20007SIMONS, H.D., Education Department, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720SIMPSON, Dagna, 9517 Cleveland St., Crown Point IN 46307SINGLETON, Rita A., P O Box 11472, Southern University, Baton Rouge LA 70813•SINNEMA, John R., 659 Sonora Court, Berea OH 44017 (Baldwin-Waltace College)SIRAGUSA, Richard D., 721 North Mayflower Rd., Lake Forest IL 60045 SKLAR, Elizabeth S., 904 Olivia, Ann Arbor Ml 48104 (Wayne State Univ.)SLEDD, James H., Box 5311, Austin TX 78763 (Univ. of Texas, emeritus)SLEDGE, Mailande Cheney, 305 Demopolis St., Greensboro AL 36744 (Marion Military Institute)SLOTKIN, Alan R., Department of English, Tennessee Technological University, Box 5053, Cookeville TN 38505 SMITH, Celia V., 504-B Jackson St., Jefferson City MO 65101-3313 (Lincoln Univ. of Missouri)SMITH, Michael K., Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996-0900 SMITH, Raoul N., 206 Nagog Hill Rd., Acton MA 01720 (Northeastern Univ.)SMITH, Eileen L„ P.O. Box 1078, Red Bluff CA 96080SMITH, Grant W., Department of English, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, 99004 SMITH Jr., Philip H., 20 John Street East, Waterloo - Ontario, N2J 1E7, Canada SMITHERMAN, Geneva, 6634 Oakman Blvd., Detroit Ml 48228 (Wayne State Univ.)**SMOUT, Kary D., Dept, of English, Duke University, Durham NC 27706SNOUFFER, Eugene, 609 1/2 S. McArthur St., Macomb IL 61455-2933SOLTIS, Katherine, New World Dictionaries, 850 Euclid Ave., Suite 306, Cleveland OH 44114SOUDEK, Lev I., 107 McCormick Drive, DeKalb IL 60115SOUTHARD, Bruce, English Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 SOUTHERLAND, R.H., Dept, of Linguistics, The University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada §SPEARS, Richard A., 717 Long Road, Glenview IL 60025 (Northwestern Univ.)SPECK, Gordon R., 6 Fawn Run, Waterloo IL 62298§SPODICK,David H., M.D., 17 Franklin Circle, Northborough MA 01532 (Univ. of Mass. Medical School)STACZEK, John J., 7504 Glennon Drive, Bethesda MD 20817 (Georgetown University)STALKER, James C., English Language Center, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing Ml 48824 STEDMAN, III, N. Alex, 921 Belvin St., San Marcos TX 78666 (Southwest Texas State Univ.)STEINER, Roger J., Dept, of Linguistics, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716 STEINMETZ, Sol, 1273 North Ave. Apt. 9-4C, New Rochelle NY 10804STEPHENS, Thomas M., Dept, of Spanish and Portuguese, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ 08903-0270 STOCKWELL, Robert P., 4000 Hayvenhurst Ave., Encino CA 91436 (UCLA)

September 1989

Page 18 NADS 21.3 September 1989STOWE, James A., 9100 Fondren Rd. #206, Houston TX 77074 SUBLETTE, Jack R., 104 Skylark Drive, Enterprise AL 36330 (Troy State Univ.)SUGIYAMA, Mr., Fukuoka Women's College, Kashii, Fukuoka City 813 MZ, Japan §TABBERT, Russell, English Department, University of Alaska, Fairbanks AK 99775 ‘ TAGLIAMONTE, Sali, 200 Clearview Apt. 2328, Ottawa Ont., K1Z 8MZ, Canada (Univ. of Ottawa)TAKAHASHI, Sakutaro, 5-1-1-301 Hakusan, Asao-ku, Kawasaki 215, JapanTANNEN, Deborah F., Linguistics Department, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057TARPLEY, Fred A., Dept, of Literature and Langs., East Texas State University, East Texas Station, Commerce TX 75428 TERRELL, Tracy David, Dept, of Linguistics, University of California, La Jolla CA 92093 “ THOMAS, Erik R., 5528 Johnstown Alex Rd., Johnstown OH 43031 (Duke Univ.)THOMAS, Irene D., 26200 Spruce Lane, Fort Bragg CA 95437-2528 (Univ. of California, Irvine)THORBURN, J. Alexander, Department of English, Box 739, Southeastern Louisiana Univ., Hammond LA 70402THORNHILL, P.G., 210 Arnold Ave., Thornhill Ont., L4J 1B9, Canada§TINKLER, John, Department of English, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga TN 37402TORGOMAN, Mary Pearsall, 214-31st St., Des Moines, IA, 50312TORRANS, Anne, Communication Dept., LSU-S, 1 University Circle, Shreveport LA 71115 (Louisiana State Univ.,

Shreveport)TOTTIE, Gunnel, University of Uppsala, Dept, of English, Box 513, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden TROIKE, Rudolph C., Dept, of English, Modern Language Bldg. #67, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721 TRUDGILL, P. J., Department of Language and Linguistics, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester C04 3SQ,

England•TSUZAKI, Stanley M„ Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaii, 1890 East-West Road, Honolulu HI 96822 TULLAI, Gerald J., 43 Liberty St., New Britain CT 06052 (Central Conn. State Univ.)UNDERWOOD, Gary N., Department of English, University of Texas, Austin TX 78712 URDANG, Laurence, 4 Laurel Hts., Old Lyme CT 06371 (Verbatim)VADLA, Ingvar, Adlandslio 26, 5400 Stord, Norwayvan LEUNEN, Mary-Claire, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corp., 130 Lytton Ave., Palo Alto CA 94301 VAN NESS, Silke, German Department HU 216, State Univ. of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany NY 12222 VAN RIPER, Mrs. William R., 1125 Magnolia Wood Drive, Baton Rouge LA 70808 VANCE, Timothy J., EALL/Moore 382, University of Hawaii, 1890 East West Road, Honolulu HI 96822 VANDERGRIFF, Jim, 2110 S. Delaware, Springfield MO 65804 (Central Missouri State Univ.)VEST, Eugene B., Delaware Towers, Apt. J-14, 25 East Delaware Place, Chicago IL 60611 (Univ. of Illinois)VIERECK, Wolfgang, Universitaet Bamberg, Englische Sprachwissenschaft, An der Universitaet 9, D-8600 Bamberg, West

Germany"VOORHEES, Andrea, 5233 Pennington Rd., Tecumseh Ml 49286 (Univ. of Michigan)WACHAL, Robert S., Linguistics - EPB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242WALLACE, Rex, Dept, of Classics, 528 Herter Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA 01003WALSH, Tom, POB 182, Rosedale LA 70772 (Louisiana State Univ.)"WALTERS, Keith, Calhoun 501 - Linguistics, University of Texas, Austin TX 78712 WALTON, Gerald W., Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677 §WARKENTYNE, H. J., Department of Linguistics, University of Victoria, Victoria B.C., V8W 2Y2, Canada WATANABE, Yoichi, 1-2-10 Nakasato, Kita-ku, Tokyo, JapanWEBER, Rose-Marie, Reading Dept. LC B30, Univ. at Albany - SUNY, Albany NY 12222 •WHITING, B.J., Rt. 1, Box 467, Belfast ME 04915 WILLIAMS, Greg, 21 Lorraine Gardens, Islington, Ont., M9B 4Z5, Canada WILLIAMSON, Juanita V., 1217 Cannon St., Memphis TN 38106 (LeMoyne-Owen Coll.)WILSON, Frank B., 512 N. Main, Jackson Center OH 45334 §WILSON, H. Rex, 99 Hillendale Ave., Kingston - Ontario, K7M 1S4, Canada WINER, Lise, Dept, of Linguistics, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale IL 62901 WITTKE, Margaret, Essex 6-C, 235 Garth Rd., Scarsdale NY 10583WOLFRAM, Walt, 12401 Venice Place, Silver Spring MD 20904 (Univ. of District of Columbia; Ctr. for App. Ling.)WOOD, Gordon R., 12 Briarcliffe Drive, Collinsville IL 62234 (Southern Illinois Univ.)WOOLF, Henry B„ 45 - 528 Willow Street, Springfield MA 01103 WRIGHT, Rod, Box 423, Yellow Springs OH 45387 YAKEY, William, 1929 Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles CA 90046YAMADA, Masayoshi, 993-1 Yu-machi Tamayu-cho, Yatsuka-gun, Shimane 699-02, Japan (Shimane Univ.)YORKEY, Richard, Route 1 Box 2000, Waterbury Center VT 05677 (St. Michaels College)ZEIGLER, Mary Elizabeth, 3344 River Road, Decatur GA 30034 (Morris Brown College)ZENTELLA, Ana Celia, Hunter College 1107W, 695 Park Ave., New York NY 10021ZERGER, Sandra, Center for Academic Development, 300 E. 27th St., Bethel College, North Newton KS 67117 ZINKIN, Vivian, 1823 Attaya Road, Lakewood NJ 08701 (Glassboro State College)ZWICKY, Arnold M., 63 W. Beaumont Rd., Columbus OH 43214 (Ohio State Univ.)

September 1989___________________ NADS 21.3___________________________Page 19

NORTH TEXAS CELEBRATION (CONT. FROM PAGE 2) FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 294:00-5:45 p.m., CPA Room, Sheraton Opening Session

Reduction of the /hj/ Cluster in Texas. Grace R usk K err, Texas A&M Univ.—A previous paper explored the social and linguistic constraints on the loss of /h/ before /j/ in Texas. The present study examines two further factors. First, many blacks, rather than losing the /h/, lose the /j/ in the /hj/ cluster. For example, Houston was pronounced [hust3n ]. Second, because the loss of /h/ is a linguistic stere­otype and is stigmatized by many, the initial methods of studying this process understate how widespread it is. This paper addresses the two problems by system­atically comparing the treatment of /hj/ clusters by blacks and whites in the context of other initial clus­ter reductions in their speech and by exploiting new sources of data.

A Study of Phonetic Constraints on the Merger of /a/ and h i in Texas. Jan T illery, Texas A&M Univ.—The Texas merger differs significantly from the Pennsylvania merger as reported by Ruth Herald. The Pennsylvania “merger” involves the develop­ment of two distinct word classes. In Texas, how­ever, both /a/ and /o/ are falling together as /a/ in all environments.

Teach Me the Good English: ESL Students’ Perceptions of and Attitudes Toward Three Eng­lish Dialects. G ina L. T hompson, Intensive English Language Institute, Univ. of North Texas, and Stephen A. Guice, Oklahoma State Univ.—This pa­per reports on a study of ESL students’ perceptions of Texas English, British English, and “network” Eng­lish, and the value judgments they made about the dialect speakers using a semantic differential ques­tionnaire. ESL students appear to be aware of and share general attitudes toward these dialects.

Phonetic Constraints on the Neutralization of l\l and IEI before Nasals in North Carolina and Tennessee. V ivian R. Brown, Laredo Junior Col­lege.—This paper will inquire into the phonetic con­straints that condition a sound change that has be­come increasingly widespread in Southern American speech in the past fifty years: the neutralization of /I/

and IE/ before nasals in stressed syllables (as in the substitution of /I/ for /E/ in pen). Tokens from the Linguistic Adas of the Gulf States and the Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Adantic States will be analyzed in an attempt to identify correspondences between environments surrounding the /E/ phoneme and the incidence of neutralization.

5:45 p.m. Cash bar.

6:30 p.m., Trustee Room Dinner

Presiding: Garland Cannon, Texas A&M Univ., ADS Board Member.

7:15 p.m. Keynote address.Focus and Boundary: Misleading Myths About

Variation. C harles F. H ockett, Cornell Univ., emeritus; visiting at Rice University.—The focus- and-boundary thought pattern, which arose in medie­val times through a scholastic misinterpretation of Aristotle, has played a guiding role in Western cul­ture ever since. In particular, it induced a major error in the linguistic theory of Saussure, Bloomfield, and Chomsky, from which only a clear recognition of the primacy of idiolects can rescue us.

8:00 p.m. Rap session with Dr. Hockett.

8:00 p.m. Video session (to be repeated Saturday afternoon).

American Tongues. (45 minutes.) Winner of the 1987 George Foster Peabody Journalism Award. An overview of American language variety, profiles of linguistic communities, attitudes toward the speech of others, the way speech correlates with social class, etc.

Doublespeak. (28 minutes.) Looks at how the English language has been inflated and manipulated to distort and cover up meaning or to replace meaning altogether. Examples are drawn from advertising, the workplace, and the Iran-Contra hearings.

Page 20__________________________ NADS 21.3____________________September 1989

TEXAS CONFERENCE: SATURDAY, SEPT. 30 (CONTINUED)8:00 a.m. Lobby, Sheraton Registration and coffee.8:30-10:00 a.m., CPA Room, Sheraton Session I

Southern American English in Brazil, No? G uy

B ailey, Texas A&M Univ., and Clyde Smith, Fed­eral Univ. of Rio Grande De Norte, Natal, Brazil.— This paper explores a variety of Southern English spoken as a first language in Brazil since 1866. That variety, carried to Brazil after the Civil War by ex- Confederates unhappy with the outcome, provides crucial evidence on the origins of present-day South­ern English. An examination of a number of lexical, phonological, and grammatical features suggests that the ex-Confederates’ speech is more conservative than that of current Southerners and that many South­ern stereotypes are post-1880 developments.

Teddy Roosevelt, S.I. Hayakawa, and the Rhetoric of Linguistic Eradication. G ary N eal U nderwood, University of Texas, Austin.—Between 1894 and his death in 1919, during what has been called the heyday of xenophobic legislation, Teddy Roosevelt led a verbal assault on the use of languages other than English in the United States with all the ferocity of his infamous charge up San Juan Hill. In the 1980s the rantings of Roosevelt echo in the ha­rangues of Hayakawa in his call for an English- language amendment to the Constitution. Hayakawa is not only fond of quoting Roosevelt, he also uses the same rhetorical devices on behalf of the English- language amendment and related causes (immigra­tion restriction, curtailment of bilingual education, and restrictive language requirements for naturaliza­tion). Although Hayakawa insists that his intent is merely to compel recalcitrant Americans to learn English, his covert goal, like that of his hero, is the eradication of bilingualism in the United States.

Mutual Influences of Spanish and English in Texas. C hester C hristian Jr., Texas A&M Univer­sity.—Usually the influence of English on Spanish is perceived as contamination and that of Spanish on English as enrichment. This is partly a result of the nature of the two languages, with English a much more heterogeneous system. Both languages have

conceptual vacuums which pull in foreign elements.This influence may be studied by comparing bilin­

gual dictionaries, where words in English may be defined by Spanish words which are not then defined by the aforementioned English words. These incon­sistencies may be related to important cultural differ­ences.

10:00 a.m. Coffee break.

10:15-11:45 a.m., CPA Room, Sheraton Session II

Collecting and Recording Language for a Dic­tionary of Neologisms. R obert K. Barnhart, Barnhart Books.—This paper discusses the history of English language dictionaries of neologisms, meth­ods of collecting and observing change in a living language, and criteria for selecting new terms for a dictionary. The position of the new words dictionary among reference books today is that of a specialized dictionary for a limited audience, but the author sug­gests a wider use as a gauge of society.

Bound-Morpheme Items: New Patterns of English Derivation. G arland C annon, Texas A&M University.—Based on a corpus of almost 14,000 new words and meanings in English, this paper de­scribes 256 derivations composed of two to five bound forms in varying patterns, some of which are probably new. They are sufficiently different and numerous as to require a new derivational category, apart from the usual prefixation, suffixation, infixa­tion, and mixed derivation. This bound-morpheme category complicates word-formation theory, while shedding light on the relationship between speech and writing, synonymic competition, word-forma­tion processes, lexicography, and a necessarily broadened definition, taxonomy, and theory of deri­vation.

C aretakers of Caretakers, W atchdogs of Watchdogs: Recent American Usage Criticism and Usage Metacriticism. Thomas D u Bose, Uni­versity of Texas, Austin.—When linguists—profes­sionals like Dennis Baron or amateurs like Jim Quinn—decide to take to task popular usage critics such as Edwin Newman, John Simon, and William

September 1989 NADS 21.3 Page 21

TEXAS CONFERENCE: CONCLUSION OF SATURDAY, SEPT. 30Safire, their “metacriticism” usually bears remark­able resemblance both in spirit and in approach to the very texts which they attack. Works of usage meta- criticism are rife with misanthropy, sensationalism, moralizing, unchecked idiosyncrasy, and unbridled bellicosity—all faults for which usage mctacritics frequently rebuke usage critics. The similarities be­tween these two groups not only offer entertaining insight into current conceptions of linguistic propri­ety but also call into question the validity of the conventional categorizations of “absolutists” and “relativists.”

noon, Trustee Room, Sheraton Luncheon

Presiding: Fred T arpley, East Texas State Univ.

12:45 p.m. Keynote address.DARE Volume II: A Preview. Frederic G. Cas­

sidy, Chief Editor, Dictionary of American Regional English.—The first volume of DARE, published in 1985, covered the letters A, B, and C. The second volume, now nearly finished, will cover D through H, and should be published in 1990. It follows the pattern of Volume I, treating those words and expres­sions which are definitely used in one part of the United States but not everywhere: not the general or standard speech, but the local folk speech. Our very large collection has turned up some surprises: words that seldom get into print but are used regularly by people in each section of the country in their daily speech.1:45 p.m., CPA Room, Sheraton Session III A

Women’s Language and the Expected/Actual Linguistic Response. Leslie Adamson Sogandares, Texas A&M University.—The purpose of this study is to determine whether women expect to speak stan­dard English while actually producing regional forms. My tentative hypothesis is that women still prioridze language use. The women’s movement, which has been responsible forgiving women greater sense of achievement and ability, has not actually had

much effect on the linguistic security of young women.

Investigating Sound Changes in Southern Black English Vernacular. Patricia C ukor-Avila, Univ. of Michigan.—This study will explore the possibility of the Southern Shift in the phonology of Southern BEV, a fact which Labov et al. (1972) have already documented for Southern White Vernacular. I will report on spectrographic analysis of /ey/ and/se/ from two generational pairs of rural Texas BEV speakers. A linguistic analysis will report on the acoustic data, and a social analysis will report on factors such as schooling, occupation, peer relation­ships, and ties both in and outside the community.

Sociolinguistic Contributions to Reading As I Lay Dying and The Sound and the Fury. Garry Ross, Henderson State University.—Recent work in sociolinguistics has suggested that the differences between black and white speech are differences in frequency of use rather than differences in kind. William Faulkner was aware of the similarities in the two types of speech. The language features com­monly associated with Black English Vernacular are used by both his white folk speakers and his black speakers.

Gender and Ethnic Variation in Adolescents’ Written Narratives. Delma M. P orter, Texas A&M University.—Narratives written by black teenage girls, in contrast to those of their white peers, reveal a selectivity in orientation detail similar to that of their male counterparts, a selectivity that focuses the atten­tion of the reader on tightly constructed narrative clauses rather than detailed description or characteri­zation. People as well as events are crucial elements in the storyworlds created by these writers.1:45 p.m., Petroleum Room, Sheraton Session III B, Video session.

American Tongues. (45 minutes.)Doublespeak. (28 minutes.)

3:30 p.m.Wrap Up for Teachers Seeking AAT Credit

Charles B. M artin, Univ. of North Texas.

CALENDAR OF REGIONAL MEETINGS, FALL 1989 ROCKY MOUNTAIN

Page 22 NADS 21.3 September 1989

Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting in associa­tion with RMMLA, Oct. 19-21; Las Vegas, Alexis Park Hotel.

ADS session 3:45-5:00 p.m. Friday, October 20. Program:

Black Dialect in Faulkner Revisited. Bates L. Hoffer, Trinity Univ.

Railroad Place Names in Spokane County.Grant W. Smith, Eastern Washington Univ.

Linguistic Autobiography as a Learning Tool.Mary L. Parrish, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Meeting chair: Thomas Clark, Dept, of English, Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas NV 89154. ADS Re­gional Secretary 1989-90: Grant W. Smith, English Dept., Eastern Washington Univ., Cheney WA 99004.

Preregistration (including luncheon) is $30; on­site registration is $35.

Membership in RMMLA is $15 regular, $10 stu­dent. Write RMMLA Executive Director Charles G. Davis, Dept, of English, Boise State Univ., Boise ID 83725; phone (208) 385-3426.

Future meeting: 1990 Salt Lake City.

SOUTH CENTRALSouth Central Regional Meeting in association

with SCMLA, October 26-28; New Orleans, Clarion Hotel.

10:45 a.m.-12:15 p.m. Saturday, October 28, Oak Room, session 75. Program:

English Dialect Emergence in Southwestern Indian Communities. (15 minutes.) G uillermo B artelt, California State Univ., Northridge.— American Indian communities in Arizona and New Mexico are gradually moving from native language/ English bilingualism to English monolingualism. In other words, frequently the first language of children is English instead of one of the tribal tongues. The type of English being acquired has strong substratal influences and seems to include some features usu­ally found in creoles. These emerging varieties of English are becoming ethnic identity markers for res­ervation communities.

The Syntax and Semantics of Preposition Shed­ding in Brazilian Portuguese. (15 minutes.) Alex­ander F. C askey, Univ. of Chicago.—In a number of languages, it is possible to shed certain prepositions in relative clause constructions, but not in their main clause counterparts. Dialectally, this phenomenon distinguishes Brazilian Portuguese from Iberian. In the analysis proposed here, the range of data is ex­tended to include clefts, pseudo-clefts and focus con­structions such as topicalizations and “left disloca­tions.” Preposition shedding, when looked at as a principled interaction between the syntax and seman­tics of Brazilian Portuguese (as opposed to Peninsu­lar varieties), can be explained in terms of predicta­bility factors which obey a distinct hierarchy.

Business session. Election of officers.Language Variation Theory: An Attempted

Overview. (15 minutes.) J.L. D illard, Northwest­ern (Louisiana) State Univ.—Serious study of lan­guage variation may be said to have begun with the recognition of genetic relationships, a series of “fam­ily trees” with variation over time being a natural consequence. No one, of course, has isolated time from other factors to determine whether it is suffi­cient for change. The next factor could be called spatial, although density of communication is a fairer designation. In recent times, social factors have re­ceived attention. It is maintained here that explana­tory power can be achieved only by giving primacy to social factors, although they are not independent of the other factors.

Meeting chair: F rancis B yrne, Linguistics, Shawnee State Univ., Portsmouth OH 45662; phone (614) 355-2332 or 355-2300. ADS Regional Secre­tary 1988-89: Scott B aird, English Dept., Trinity Univ., 715 Stadium Dr., San Antonio TX 78285; phone (512) 736-7536.

Membership in SCMLA is $15 regular, $5 stu­dent. Write SCMLA Executive Director Richard D. Critchfield, Dept, of English, Texas A&M Univ., College Station TX 77843-4227; phone (409) 845- 7041.

Future meetings: 1990 Oct. 25-27, San Antonio, Radisson Gunter Hotel; 1991 Dallas-Fort Worth.

September 1989

MIDWESTNADS 21.3 Page 23

Midwest Regional Meeting in association with MMLA, November 2-4; Minneapolis, Hyatt Re­gency Hotel.

ADS session 1:00-4:00 p.m. Thursday, November2. Program:

1:00 Is Style-Shifting Gender-Based? M arian B ean and B eth L ee Sim on , Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison.—We have examined the taped speech of approximately 50 DARE informants for evidence of sex differentiation in style shifting. Informants came from two regions where major regional dialects meet: Missouri and Ohio, and areas directly adjoining each. Each informant read “Arthur the Rat” and engaged in an unstructured interview with a fieldworker.

We looked at changes in pronunciation, specifi­cally at variables distinguishing North and North Midland dialect from South and South Midland: re­alization of “wide” diphthongs /ai/, /au/, /oi/, pres­ence or absence of postvocalic It/, and diphthongiza- tion of certain monophthongs.

Two gender-based groups shifted from South Midland dialect in spontaneous speech toward North Midland—what is often presented as “standard”—in formal set reading: rural women over 60 and men 40 or younger who were either still in school or had recently served in the military.

Our questions: Do women adapt to change in contextual level by style shifting more markedly than men? Does our data suggest this is truly a gender- based difference in language use? How do we ex­plain the group of men who shift toward “standard” North Midland? How is gender useful in identifying speech groups? For each group that shifts, does gender together with age and education influence likelihood of shifting? Does considering types of social network and degree of social interaction show commonalities between two groups?

1:30 Why They Don’t Raise Much /se/ in Farmer City. T imothy H abick, Educational Testing Service.—In an earlier study based on a spectro- graphic dialect survey of 40 speakers from Fanner City, Illinois, and Somerset, Kentucky, I examined the effect of peer group membership on the fronting of back vowels and the subsequent forward collapse of the phonemic system for one of the groups. In this

paper, I discuss their varied realizations of /ae/. A certain amount of /ae/-raising does occur in Farmer City, but certainly no more than predicted by Callary (1975), considering the size of the community. The more striking phenomenon is the tendency of some speakers toward /se/-lowering. It is suggested that /ac/-lowering is a hypercoirection from Southern /ae/- upgliding and is not a reaction to the urban /ae/- raising. This paper considers data from both tradi­tional and spectrographic dialectology.

2:00 School-age W riters’ Generic Pronouns. M iriam M eyers, Metropolitan State Univ.—This paper reports results of a study of third-singular pro­nouns used by Minnesota school-age writers about a person of unspecified sex. Three groups of young­sters submitted essays on “What Is the Ideal Teacher?” “What Is the Ideal Grownup Like?” and “When Is a Person Grownup?” for publication by a metropolitan newspaper. Analysis indicates that these children are much more likely to choose singular they when writing about a hypothetical grownup than when writing about a hypothetical teacher. These findings suggest that singular they performs a function different from that of other third- singular generic pronouns. Other findings of interest are 1) the extent to which writers chose masculine generic pronouns to refer to the traditionally female- typed profession of teacher and 2) the contrasting function of he!she choices.

2:30 Break.2:45 Kurath’s Midland: Fact or Fiction? L aw­

rence M. D avis and Charles H ouck, Ball State Univ.—Forty years ago, in A Word Geography of the Eastern United States, Hans Kurath established the doctrine of three dialect regions in the United States: Northern, Midland, and Southern. But the linguistic adas data that Kurath used do not support his original claim of a Midland dialect region. Using ten phonol­ogical items and twelve lexical items claimed to uniquely differentiate the South from the North, and using data from Kurath and McDavid’s Pronuncia­tion o f English in the Atlantic States (1961) and the Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States field records, we plan to demonstrate that from the very beginning the claim of a Midland Dialect Region was false, and that it is, in fact, a large area of

Page 24 NADS 21.3 September 1989transition between Northern and Southern. We plan to use established statistical procedures to analyze the data.

3:15 Koineization in the Development of American English. N ancy C. E lliott, Indiana Univ.—Koindization, the development of new dia­lects as the result of dialect contact, comprises struc­tural simplification, leveling, and reduction of variety through the elimination of minority and marked forms. It has been suggested by P. Trudgill, in Dia­lects in Contact (1986), that certain features of American English have their origins in such proc­esses. Chosen for examination here are the Midwest­ern merger of h i and /a/ (the caught-cot merger), the merger of non-high front vowels before intervocalic /r/ (the Mary-merry-marry merger), the generaliza­tion of flapped /t/ throughout North America, and the retention of tautosyllabic A/ inland of the Atlantic seaboard.

The paper concludes that the vowel mergers are products of koineization of the vowel system. The Mary-merry-marry merger is not part of the continu­ation of the r-assimilation processes that have been at work in English for many centuries, since that assimi­lation involves lowering and centralization instead of raising, as is the case of the merger of marry and merry. The merger of h i and /a/ is seen as an American twist on a larger process of the reassign­ment of four lexical sets containing low back vowels. Presence of the tautosyllabic /r/ and intervocalic flap in America are also best explained in terms of koineization. Rather than being an independent American innovation, it appears more likely that the flap is the result of leveling, a process that reduces variability by eliminating certain forms and selecting others. Although flapped /t/ was a minority variant in Colonial America, its survival and eventual triumph is due to its naturalness as a phonetic process.

3:45 Business meeting. Election of chair for 1990 meeting and of midwest regional secretary for a two-year term.

1989 chair: C raig Carver, DARE, 6125 Helen C. White Hall, Univ. of Wisconsin, 600 North Park St., Madison, WI 53706. ADS Regional Secretary: D onald W. L armouth, Academic Affairs, LC-805, Univ. of Wisconsin-Green Bay, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay WI 54301-7001.

Preregistration (including copies of 18 papers) is $25, for students and unemployed (without papers) $10; on-site registration is $5 extra.

Membership in MMLA is $15 full and associate professors, $12 other faculty, $8 students. Write MMLA, 302 English/Philosophy Bldg., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52242-1408; phone (319) 335- 0331.

Future meetings: 1990 Nov. 1-3, Kansas City, Missouri, Hyatt Regency at Crown Center; 1991 Nov. 14-16, Chicago, McCormick Center Hotel.

SOUTH ATLANTICSouth Atlantic Regional Meeting in association

with SAMLA, Nov. 9-11; Atlanta, Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel.

2:00-3:45 p.m. Friday, November 10, Henry Room. Program:

Topic: “Applying Language Variation Research to Other Fields.” Program:

Relationships Between Non-Standard Dialects, Oral Reading Miscues and Comprehension: Re­sults of School Based Studies in Eastern Ken­tucky. M ary Ann C. P ollock and D erek W hordley, Morehead State Univ.—This study will attempt to examine correlations between non-meaning-chang- ing miscues generated in oral reading, reading com­prehension of selected graded paragraphs, and re­sponses to the Sentence Repetition Task among fourth-grade students at two rural elementary schools in Eastern Kentucky. The research will attempt to show that reading comprehension may be achieved in spite of significant dialect-based variation in student responses to standard prose passages.

Applying Stylistic Variation Research to Error Analysis in Composition Research. Larry B eason, Eastern Washington Univ.—Although formal writ­ing normally necessitates a shift from an oral to a written style, writers can create errors when the style becomes 1) so informal that nonstandard dialect forms are utilized or 2) so formal that writers create grammatical hypercorrections or flawed attempts to use complex structures that are beyond their capabili­ties. While error analysts have noted such possibili­ties, they rarely consider them from the perspective of research on style shifting, especially that research

which examines the influence of factors such as audi­ence and topic. This presentation will include an error analysis of writing samples to demonstrate that style shifting research can be used in practice as well as in theory.

“Broad Reference” in Pronouns: Handbooks vs. Professional W riters. Charlotte C. Critten­den, Georgia Southern College.—For years, English composition teachers have been dealing with an error designated as “broad reference.” Three pronouns— this, that, and which—have caused most of the con­cern.

After reviewing approximately one million words in well-known periodicals, newspapers, and nonfic­tion bestsellers (all published in 1983), I have been able to ascertain that many professional writers rely heavily on broad reference.

Surveying seven of the most popular handbooks used in college composition, I have concluded that most of them are not reflecting this trend. The gap between actual usage and that advocated by hand­books is disturbing.

Linguistic Drift, Genetic Drift, and Diachronic Selection. L esa D ill, Western Kentucky Univ.—A clearer understanding of language change may per­haps be arrived at by a comparison of the similarities and differences between language and genetic change.

In order to accomplish this comparison and in order to determine if the two evolutionary modes are analogous or homologous, one might start with a theoretical model of a norm without any fluctuations or variations. Biology (population genetics) provides such a tool, the Castle-Hardy-Weinberg model. The adaptability of the model to linguistics is surprising. It will allow insights into the nature of language variation that might otherwise have been overlooked.

Meeting chair: K athryn R iley , Composition Dept., Univ. of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812.

Membership in SAMLA is $12 regular, $5 stu­dent. Write SAMLA, CB 3530,120 Dey Hall, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC 27599-3530; phone (919) 962-7165.

Future meetings: 1990 Nov. 15-17, Tampa, Flor­ida; 1991 Nov. 14-16, Atlanta, Hyatt Hotel; 1992 Nov. 12-14, Knoxville.

September 1989 Page 25

NOO TITULS BY ADS MEMBURR od W right haz just publish t three littal books in

spelling deryvd frum Axel Wijk’s Regularized Eng­lish (Stockholm; Almqvist & Wiksell, 1959). He dedacates wun tu his fother, “hoo, after carecting collidge freshman compazissions for thurtey years, threw down hiz pensul and sed, to me and the wurld, ‘Ingglish spelling haz gott tu be reformd!’ ” The booklits ar:

Ait Sonnits uv Willyum Shakespear.Powums for the Itnmachure—including “A Letter

tu My Cat, Luckey” by C. Blue.Three Nynteenth-Cencherey Amerrican Powums:

“Paul Revere’s Ride” by Henry Wadsworth Longfel­low; “A Forrist Himm” by William Cullen Bryant; “The Deacun’s Masterpeece, or, The Wunderfal ‘Wun-Hauss Shay’ ” by Oliver Wendell Holmes.

$2 per item, three for $5, plus $1 poastidge per order. Mail tu: Wright & Good, Publishers, PO Box 423, Yelloe Springs, OH 45387.

ADS AT NCTESaturday, N ovember 18

B altimore, C onvention C enter

12:30-1:45 p.m.: ADS-sponsored session C.l 1 at the Annual Convention of the National Council of Teachers of English.

Chair: D onna Christian, Center for Ap­plied Linguistics.

Associate Chair: A llan M etcalf,MacMurray College.

Program: Incorporating Dialect Diver­sity into the English Classroom.

“Dialect Systems and the Teaching of Spelling and Writing.” Jay R obert R eese, East Tennessee State Univ.

“Studying Dialects in High School Eng­lish: A Curriculum Unit.” W alt W olfram, Univ. of District of Columbia and Center for Applied Linguistics.

Respondent: R onald B utters, Duke Uni­versity.

For information on NCTE membership and registration, write NCTE, 1111 Kenyon Road, Urbana, IL 61801; phone (217) 328-3870.

NADS 21.3

Page 26__________________________ NADS 21.3____________________September 1989

MIGHTIER THAN THE PEN—THE ADS BLUE RIBBONImagine a blue. Deep blue. The

color of the skies above the Colo­rado Rockies, let’s say, late on a cloudless autumn afternoon.

The color of a swimming pool in Palm Springs, California, on that same late afternoon.

The color of a package of Q- tips®, or of the diamond on the label of Regular Clorox® Bleach.

Then imagine gold. Yes, bright 18-karat gold leaf. 18K (to use the professional abbreviation) of the same precious metal that early in September fetched $360 a troy ounce on the world market.

Blue and gold. Blue, the color that according to semantic studies is the most color of any color. Gold, the most precious.

Put them together and what do you get? The American D ialect Society C entennial Commemora­tive R ibbon.

Yes, a blue ribbon—like those awarded to prize livestock at county fairs. For first place!

But this one is different. It is not

a prize for best of show, although friend and foe alike may think so and be green with envy!

It is not for sale.It is priceless—a gift for those

who participate in the American Dialect Centennial!

This is what it says: AMERICAN

DIALECT SOCIETY

CENTENNIAL

1889 — 1989

A CENTURY OF AMERICAN LANGUAGE

STUDYIt has a notched bottom—an

upside-down V for victory—and an adhesive top. Simply remove the protective covering strip and apply to the lower back side of an acetate badge.

And where would you be wear­ing an acetate badge? Well, how about the Rocky Mountain, South

Central, Midwest, or South Atlantic Regional Meetings? How about NCTE, MLA, LSA1 How about our own Annual Meeting?

How about the International Congress o f Dialectologists in Bamberg next summer?

Or how about at your very own institution (if you’re institutional­ized)—when you’re meeting par­ents or trustees?

You can think of literally thou­sands of uses for this ribbon. Let it adhere to the inside of a notebook! Or don’t remove the protective covering strip, and use it as a book­mark for your copy of DARE, Vol. 1, or Three Nynteenth-Cenchery Amerrican Powums.

These A merican D ialect Soci­ety Centennial C ommemorative R ibbons will be available—/r e e — at some of our meetings this fall. And they will be available in profu­sion at our Centennial Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C.

But why wait? You can get your very own ribbon—or two, if you wish—right now, simply by mak­ing a contribution of any amount to the American Dialect Society Cen­tennial Fund!

Just make your check or money order payable to the American Dia­lect Society and send to:

Executive Secretary Allan Metcalf,

English Department, MacMurray College, Jacksonville, Illinois 62650 USA.And if you missed the Centen­

nial Ball-Point Pen, we’ll send you that too!

Thanks, and happy Centennial!

NOMINATION FOR 1990-1993This year’s Nominating Committee (Thomas L.

Clark, chair; Richard W. Bailey, Lawrence M. Davis) offers the following nomination:

For member of the Executive Council 1990-1993: D ennis R. Preston, Eastern Michigan University.

Additional nominations may be made by a petition with the signatures of at least ten members. The peti­tion must reach the Executive Secretary by Dec. 15. A vote on the nominations will be held at the Annual Business Meeting Dec. 30.

September 1989 NADS 21.3 Page 27

THE FIRST PAPARAZZI (CONT.)In the May 1988 NADS, C. Steven Short offered a citation and inquired about the origins of paparazzi.

ADS member Jerome S. Fortinsky turned up further documentation in photographer Ron Gaiella’s unsuccess­ful 1972-73 lawsuit against Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis for false arrest, malicious prosecution and interfer­ence with trade—the trade of “paparazzo.”

Among the instances in this case, the trial judge referred to a card Galella sent to Onassis in 1970 with a facsimile of a postage stamp reading, “Ron Galella, New York, New York, Paparazzo.” Testimony refers to a tennis-court incident Oct. 4, 1971, where a Parks Department employee yelled at Galella, “Get off. You are—you are like a Papparrazo [sic].”

The Tamony collection at the University of Missouri provides citations almost a decade earlier. Randy Roberts found in that collection an article about the paparazzi of Rome by Nino Lo Bello in the San Francisco Chronicle for April 1,1962 (reprinted with variations in the Chronicle for Oct. 12, 1963). It says:

The word “paparazzi” is Italian slang for “noxious insects,” and it was tagged onto the small army of reckless, ruthless flashbulbers who prowl the celebrity haunts of Rome after Federico Fellini’s movie, “La Dolce Vita,” focused a cinematic microscope on their methods of stalking a prey. One of the hypo- happy free lancers in the film was called “Paparazzi,” so the name stuck.

USAGE ESSAYS WANTED WHERE IN JESPERSEN ...The ADS Usage Committee, newly headed by

Michael Montgomery, calls for members— and sug­gestions for projects.

The first effort of the new committee is a volume of short essays (8-10 page manuscripts) on usage, in honor of the ADS centennial. Ideas and submissions are solicited; the deadline is November 1. Montgom­ery and South Carolina colleague Greta Little are heading up the work. Write them at Dept, of English, Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208.

CENTENNIAL GIFTSSince our last listing in NADS 21.2, nineteen

members have made donations to the ADS on the occasion of our centennial—and received free Cen­tennial Pens. The Society is grateful to the following for these contributions:

$150, Juanita V. Williamson.$75, Anonymous.$30-$50, Arnold M. Zwicky, Lurline H. Coltharp,

David B. Shapiro.$20-$25, Herbert C. Morton, Rod Wright, Joseph

C. Hickerson, Gordon R. Wood.$10, Ron Arruda, Timothy C. Frazer, Fred G.

Cassidy, Mary Elizabeth Zeigler.$5, Barbara Collier-Foyt, Worth J. Higgins, J.

Edward Gates, Greta D. Little.

Jespersen’s A Modern English Grammar (1914) promises (p. 142) he “will give elsewhere a detailed classification of various kinds of metanalysis.” Can any reader say where he does so? Address L.R.N. Ashley, Professor of English, Brooklyn College CUNY, Brooklyn NY 11230.

r LAST CALL FOR PAPERS:^ BAMBERG 1990

October 1, 1989 is the deadline for ab- | stracts for the International Congress of Dia- lectolgists, co-sponsored by the American Dialect Society, to be held at the University of Bamberg, West Germany, next year: July 29-August4,1990.

Time for presentations is 30 minutes. Ab­stracts should be typed single spaced, on one side of an A4 page. Please indicate on the | abstract if any technical equipment is re- | quired. Send three copies of the abstract with | author’s name and address to: Prof. Dr. i Wolfgang Viereck, Universal Bamberg, An der University 9, D-8600 Bamberg, West Germany. Phone (0951) 863-457 or 458; Telefax 0951/863-301. Notification of accep­tance will be sent in January or February 1990. Iv-----------------------J

NADS 21.3 September 1989Page 28

Suite is the Life

You canto stay away from the ADS Centennial Annual Meet­ing in Washington. Seriously.

There’s a once-in-a-century program, to begin with, including special sessions honoring the late Harold Allen and DARE, followed by a Centennial Reception and then another day of centennial events.

But it’s not just the incomparable program—it’s the setting.

Remember last year in New Orleans? Remember the elegant Omni Royal Orleans, where we had our meetings and luncheon?

And remember the elegant rooms? Well, the most elegant of all was the complimentary suite in which your executive secretary resided.

Now that was fine, but he wants to share the pleasure. This year it’s a suite for everyone!

Make Yourself at HomeYes, a suite—with bedroom and living room and

luxury bathroom. And in every room a fully equipped kitchenette with microwave oven, ice machine, and wet bar. You can cook your own meals if you wish— and share them with frazzled refugees from the MLA scene.

It’s especially comfortable and private because our suites are in the Plaza Club executive section of the hotel—with its own private entrance, private ele­vator, and elegant private lounge, featuring free con­tinental breakfast every morning and free cocktails every afternoon!

Not to mention lesser amenities like a newspaper every morning and nightly turndown service.

Outside, in the public areas of the hotel, there’s a beautiful lobby and lounge, a marble courtyard im­ported from Italy, and a four-star gourmet restaurant. For that matter, the hotel itself gets four diamonds ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ from the American Automobile Associa­tion—and that’s for its ordinary rooms.

Unbelievable RatesWhat do you pay for this? Well, the regular rate is

$150 to $200 a night. But ADS has arranged a price of—not $100, not even as much as $75, but an incredible $60 a night for one person ($70 for two).

t affordGranted, you could get even lower rates. The

Modem Language Association is offering rooms at the Embassy Row, a hotel with piped-in classical music, for $50 single, $60 double. Or through MLA you can get rooms at the Dupont Plaza for even less, just $42 single, $52 double. Rooms with two phones!

But at those places—Do you get your own kitch­enette? Free morning paper, free continental break­fast? A desk to sit at while you’re putting the finish­ing touches on your paper? A luxurious suite, not just a room?

Only at the ADS hotel: the beautiful R adisson Park Terrace in Washington, D.C.

Only the First 32Interested? Then be sure to reserve your place

soon! The hotel has just 32 suites—no more. Judging from last year, that should be plenty, but then last year we were offering only ordinary rooms for $60.

At the R adisson P ark T errace you’re in a neigh­borhood of embassies and institutions—with nearby restaurants, cafes, drugstores and bookstores. You’re three blocks from the Metro, which can get you to and from National Airport for 85 cents (off-peak) or $1.05 (rush hour).

For those who enjoy a brisk walk in Washington’s mild winter, it’s within walking range of the MLA sessions at the Washington Hilton. The walk to the Linguistic Society’s meetings in the Hyatt Regency Washington, on Capitol Hill, is farther, but it’s read­ily accessible on the Metro. And for those who prefer cabs, our location is between the MLA and LSA headquarters, convenient to both.

So consider the suite alternative—the efficient economical alternative, all things considered—-and phone or write now to reserve your own suite at the ADS centennial, for merely $60 a night ($70 for two). See you there!

Phone the R adisson P ark T errace H otel, Res­ervations Dept., (202) 232-7000, and ask for American Dialect Society rates for the period Dec. 27-30. Or write them at 1515 Rhode Island Ave. NW, Washington DC 20005. Do it now!