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NATIONAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF ETHIOPIA

April 2009

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural

Development

Food and Agriculture Organization

Sub-Regional Office for East Africa

AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF ETHIOPIA

Table of Contents

FORWARD .................................................................................................................................................................. 3

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 4

1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 1

2. THE STATE OF THE AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY ................................................................................. 1

3. AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES .................................................................................... 1

4. DEFINITION OF THE STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK ................................................................................. 2

4.1. IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH POTENTIAL AQUACULTURE ZONES ............................................................................ 2 4.2. DEFINITION OF TYPES OF AQUACULTURE ......................................................................................................... 2

5. FORMULATION OF THE NATIONAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY .................. 3

6. KEY ISSUES ...................................................................................................................................................... 4

7. NADSE IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE .............................................................................................. 4

8. AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF ETHIOPIA ............................................................ 5

ELEMENTS OF THE STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK AND THE ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT AND

PRIVATE SECTORS .................................................................................................................................................. 5

1. AVAILABILITY AND ACCESS TO INPUTS ........................................................................................................... 5 2. EXTENSION/OUTREACH SERVICES ................................................................................................................... 6 3. TRAINING, EDUCATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING........................................................................................... 7 4. RESEARCH ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 5. CULTURE BASED FISHERIES ............................................................................................................................. 8 6. FISH HEALTH MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... 8 7. GENDER ISSUES ................................................................................................................................................ 8 8. ACCESS TO LAND /AQUACULTURE ZONES/ BY INDUSTRIES AND FISH FARMERS .............................................. 9 9. LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ......................................................................................................... 9 10. IMPROVED MARKETING ................................................................................................................................. 10 11. PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS .................................................................................................................... 10 12. PUBLIC AWARENESS CREATION ..................................................................................................................... 10 13. MONITORING, CONTROL AND EVALUATION OF AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY ................................................... 10 14. POLICY ISSUES ............................................................................................................................................... 11

9. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................................. 11

ANNEX 1 ACTION PLAN FOR NATIONAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF

ETHIOPIA ................................................................................................................................................................. 13

FORWARD

Very recently, aquaculture, particularly rural integrated fish farming, is identified as one of the

strategic areas of intervention to address the problem of food insecurity and poverty in the rural

areas and is considered as an important economic activity supporting diversification, integration,

and improvement in the rural livelihoods. Its development is best suited and integrated with the

continued effort of water harvesting programs and livestock-crop production systems. These

opportunities are well recognized by the government. Therefore, for sustainable development of

market-responsive aquaculture industry, guidance document-Strategy is indispensable.

The objective of this strategy is to integrate this sub-sector to others to facilitate the development

of viable and sequential aquaculture plans to develop and establish national and regional

capabilities for development planning, monitoring, surveillance and enforcement in aquaculture.

Accordingly, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MoARD) in collaboration

with Food and Agriculture Organization Sub-Regional Office for East Africa (FAO/SFE) drafted

National Aquaculture Development Strategy Framework of Ethiopia.

Stakeholder Consultative Workshop from 11-12 March 2009, at Adama, Oromia Region further

develops this draft Strategy framework.

This strategy has been critically evaluated at different stage and adopted to be used as National

Aquaculture Development Strategy Framework of Ethiopia.

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development would like to thank all professionals and

stakeholders involved in the preparation of this document. We would also like to thank Food and

Agriculture Organization, Sub Regional Office for Eastern Africa for financial and technical

support for formulation of National Aquaculture Development Strategy of Ethiopia.

Dr. Abera Deressa

State Minister, Agricultural Development

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

April 2009, Addis Ababa

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ANAF Aquaculture Network for Africa

ATVET Agricultural Technical Vocational Education and Training

BoARD Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development

BoTI Bureau of Trade and Industry

BoWRD Bureau of Water Resource Development

CCRF Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries

CIFAA Committee on Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture for Africa

DoARD Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

ECA Ethiopian Customs Authority

EEPCO Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation

EHNI Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Institute

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EIPA Ethiopian Investment Promotion Agency

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

EPLAUA Environmental Protection Land Administration and Use Authority (Regional)

EQSA Ethiopian Quality and Standardization Authority

ETC Ethiopian Telecommunication Corporation

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FAO/SFE Food and Agriculture Organization/ Sub-Regional Office for East Africa

IBCR Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Research

MDG Millennium Development Goals

MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

MoH Ministry of Health

MoWR Ministry of Water Resource

NADS National Aquaculture Development Strategy

NADSE National Aquaculture Development Strategy of Ethiopia

NEPAD New Partnership for African Development

NGO Non Governmental Organization

OoARD Office of Agriculture and Rural Development

PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustainable Development to End Poverty

RDS Rural Development Strategy

TCDC Technical Cooperation for Developing Countries

ANAF Aquaculture Network for Africa

ATVET Agricultural Technical Vocational Education and Training

1

FORMULATION OF THE NATIONAL AQUACULTURE

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FRAMEWORK FOR ETHIOPIA

1. INTRODUCTION

The total annual fish production from rivers, small and large reservoirs was estimated in 2007 to

be 13,000 tones. The total annual production potential from different waterbodies is predicted in

the range of 41,000 to 49,000 tones. It is reported that in some lakes, the production is rapidly

declining while the demand for fish is increasing especially in the big cities.

The Federal Government of Ethiopia had initiated the Agricultural Development Led

Industrialization, the Plan for Accelerated and Sustainable Development to End Poverty and the

Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Programme. These developmental frameworks

however do not provide a specific framework for the sustainable development of aquaculture in

the country. They are not comprehensive and do not provide guidance to the development of

aquaculture, neither at regional nor national level.

In order to develop aquaculture sector of the country, developing clear strategy is the priority

task. Its successful implementation, must take cognizance of the environmental and socio-

economic conditions. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Food and

Agriculture Organization of the United Nations / Sub-Regional Office for East Africa, took

initiative to prepare a National Aquaculture Development Strategy for Ethiopia.

2. THE STATE OF THE AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY

Culture based fisheries is a dominant type of aquaculture practice in Ethiopia. It involves

stocking of newly constructed reservoirs with fingerlings collected from existing water bodies

mainly with Tilapia. Semi industrial aquaculture practices are at an infant stage of development.

It consists of extensive aquaculture operations in several small rural based fishponds with sizes

between 100-300m2. Fish culture cages and pens have not begun yet. A national data on various

aspects of aquaculture including total production is yet not available.

Candidate species for aquaculture include Tilapias (O. niloticus) and the African catfish (Clarias

spp). Limited research activities are underway. The aquaculture capabilities of several other

species present in the fresh water rivers and reservoirs are yet to be explored.

Different types of institutions such as the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and

Environmental Protection Agency promote and regulate aquaculture development. Aquaculture

is not part of existing irrigation, farming and water harvesting schemes in the country. A lot of

work remains to be undertaken in promoting aquaculture. Few Universities and ATVET

Colleges offer courses in aquaculture as a part of the fisheries graduate programme, but none

offers aquaculture as a full graduate programme in their curricula to produce more skilled

workers locally.

3. AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES

The overall objective of the strategy is to define a regulatory framework and to build a strong

basis for the development of aquaculture in the country. The strategy seeks to integrate the

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aquaculture industry into the agricultural sector and to facilitate development of viable

aquaculture plans. It also aims to provide a framework in which the aquaculture industry can be

developed in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable manner. Aquaculture

development is to be targeted as an activity to ensure food security, alleviate poverty of rural

farmers and to provide fish for domestic consumption and industry. Aquaculture development is

to be planned, and executed as a business or commercial activity on a scale that contributes to

profitability and market oriented.

4. DEFINITION OF THE STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK

4.1. Identification of high potential aquaculture zones

A first step in determining where resources to develop aquaculture could be successfully used is

the identification of potential areas. This screening should be supplemented with a comparison of

existing aquaculture activities, including the concentration of existing producers and the presence

of government and other infrastructures1.

Based on biophysical and socio-economic potential, aquaculture zones may well be subdivided

into areas that correspond to input supply/delivery. For example, to the extent that private seed

supply comes from specialized private hatcheries, these hatcheries will operate within areas

circumscribed by the economic ability to deliver seed to producers.

4.2. Definition of types of aquaculture

Commercial aquaculture can be defined as the farming of aquatic organisms, including fish,

molluscs and crustaceans and aquatic plants with the goal of maximizing profits. Thus, the

distinction between commercial and non-commercial aquaculture operations relies primarily on

the existence or absence of a business orientation and on how factors of production such as labor

will be paid.

An aquaculture system is a combination of type of culture unit, level of intensity, culture species

and scale or size of exploitation. Categorizing fish farmers and farms according to relative sizes,

degree of capitalization and profit motivation is always difficult. In the aggregate, these

categories are part of a spectrum that covers the full scope of production systems.

If this spectrum reflects production intensity and investment level, individuals at the low end will

likely internalize their aquaculture activities with little contribution to the public purse and little

benefit from public services. Conversely, individuals at the high end of the scale may make

important contributions to national aquaculture production but have relatively little need of

public support.

1 Aguilar-Manjarrez, J. & S. S. Nath. 1998. A strategic reassessment of fish farming potential in Africa. CIFA

Technical Paper 32. FAO, Rome.

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For the purposes of this strategy framework, producers have been divided into two categories:

commercial and non-commercial. Commercial producers can be small medium or large-scale,

and are active participants in the market. They purchase inputs (including capital and labour) and

engage in off-farm sales of the fish produced. For these individuals, aquaculture is a principal

economic activity. Non-commercial producers may also purchase inputs, mainly seed and feed,

but rely chiefly on family labor and on-farm sales of the produce. An additional feature of non-

commercial aquaculture is the variety of enterprises comprising the farming system; i.e.

undertaken to diversify production, improve resource use and reduce risks of such events as crop

or market failure.

5. FORMULATION OF THE NATIONAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

As a result of field visits to collect data, consultations with various interest groups and review of

background reports and documents, the principal constraints of aquaculture development in

Ethiopia were identified. The constraints could also be regarded as the principal issues, the

critical success factors or the essential elements to be addressed in a sustained manner for a

smooth take-off of the aquaculture industry in Ethiopia.

The major amount of aquaculture production in the country at the moment is from the stocking

and harvesting of reservoirs. Therefore, culture based fisheries was included in the analysis

although not in its entirety. This analysis also applies to small-scale fish farming as well as to an

anticipated development of commercial aquaculture activities.

The constraints identified relate to the following issues; availability and access to inputs,

training, education, capacity building, extension/outreach services and research.

Other critical constraints listed for redress concern fish health management, gender, access to

land or aquaculture zones by enterprises, industries and fish farmers, legal and regulatory frame

work, improved marketing of fish, public-private partnerships in aquaculture development,

public awareness creation about the potentialities of aquaculture, policy issues, monitoring,

control and evaluation of industry.

The first draft NADSE report was produced after a series of meetings held by two TCDC

consultants and a national Task Force of seven members set up by the Ministry of Agriculture

and Rural Development (MoARD). The critical success factors or constraints were the first

issues to be identified followed by the interventions required to address each of them to develop

aquaculture in Ethiopia. At several follow up meetings the list of constraints and interventions

were reviewed until a final list was agreed upon for the preparation of the draft strategy.

A stakeholder consultative workshop was held to present and adopt the draft strategy. The

stakeholders were selected to reflect the different interests involved in aquaculture management

and development. Their views and recommendations were incorporated in updating the draft

strategy.

Government, represented through its ministries, departments and agencies, was identified as a

major public stakeholder whose policies, activities and decisions are very crucial. All the other

stakeholders were classified as private sector practitioners. The interventions required from each

stakeholder have also been spelt out as part of the strategy.

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6. KEY ISSUES

A key factor for the successful implementation of the strategy is Government commitment at

different level. This will be manifested in the institution of vital measures such as the provision

of tax incentives, formalizing public-private sector partnerships and roles, and in the

implementation of the recommendations of the strategic framework. The government and the

private sector should not play conflicting roles in hatchery and table fish production and in

running fish farms. Any Government intervention should be for a very limited period at the

beginning of strategy implementation. Government should limit its involvement in aquaculture

development to monitoring, control and evaluation, and the creation of an enabling environment

for the private sector to operate.

The culture of ornamental species for export could also be an important source of revenue for the

country. Introductions should be carefully considered to curtail any adverse consequences on the

environment. Efforts should be intensified to increase fish consumption in the country so as to

stimulate the growth of the aquaculture industry.

The adoption of the following recommendations will also enhance the successful implementation

of the strategy.

1. Establishment of the NADSE implementation committee. 2. Development of government-private partnerships in supplying services and inputs for the

industry.

3. A review of the Investment Code and regulations to make it attractive to investors and financial institutions to pay a special attention to aquaculture.

4. The setting up of intervention targets and benchmarks for the successful establishment and development of aquaculture in Ethiopia.

5. Avail necessary manpower and finance to implement the strategy.

7. NADSE IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE

For rapid and successful implementation of the strategy, it is recommended that an

implementation committee should be set up composed of different institutions.

The following institutions have been proposed as members:

1. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2) 2. Ministry of Water Resources 3. The Environmental Protection Agency 4. National Regional Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development (4) 5. The Institute of Biodiversity and Conservation 6. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute 7. The University of Addis Ababa 8. The Food and Agriculture Organization Sub Regional Office for Eastern Africa.

It is also recommended that the MoARD directorate responsible for fisheries and aquaculture

should appoint the chairperson for the committee. The secretary for the committee will be a

fishery extension officer from the same directorate. It is strongly recommended that the

committee to implement the strategy draw up an action plan immediately. It is further noted that

private commercial operators be invited to join the committee whenever this becomes possible.

8. AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF ETHIOPIA

ELEMENTS OF THE STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK AND THE ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS

1. Availability and Access to Inputs

1.1 Fish Seeds

Government should:

1. Establish and strengthen model seed production centers till the private sector takes over. 2. Encourage commercial farmers and hatcheries to produce quality seed for the entire sub-

sector.

3. Set up proper seed distribution centers and channels. 4. Support capacity building on seed production and distribution. 5. Maintain quality brood stock of selected culture organisms corresponding to the

identified production systems.

6. Identify and select suitable candidate species for aquaculture. Private sector should:

1. Produce and distribute quality and traceable seed. 2. Maintain all data concerned with production, distribution and sales of fish seeds. 3. Adopt latest technologies on hatchery management and seed production.

1.2 Fish Feeds

Government should:

1. Develop guidelines on quality feed production and storage. 2. Facilitate the establishment of modern feed processing and formulating industry. 3. Educate private sector for the preparation of species specific fish feeds and their storage

Private sector should:

1. Be aware of the Government strategy regarding different production systems within aquaculture zones.

2. Produce and distribute quality feed at affordable price to fish farmers. 3. Disseminate information on feed availability, quality, efficiency and price to the public

sector.

4. Monitor feed performance, get feedback and keep records.

1.3 Capital Investment

Government should:

1. Inform the lending institutions on the advantage and profitability of aquaculture. 2. Make information accessible on the other possibilities of financing. 3. Set up a developmental fund for aquaculture activities. 4. Evaluate the technical merits of investment proposals submitted to lending institutions for

funding.

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5. Advise fish farmers on where and how to access financial assistance. 6. Interact with the funding institutions to negotiate preferential interest rates for

aquaculture development.

7. Encourage farmers to prepare feasible aquaculture business plans. Private sector should:

1. Build a capacity to organize business plans and management skills. 2. Develop strong and acceptable feasibility reports with all prerequisites for developing a

business proposal.

3. Lending institutions should finance viable aquaculture businesses. Lending institutions (Government and Private) should:

1. Provide credit assistance for fish farmers based on quality proposals. 2. Monitor the disbursed funds through appropriate machinery. 3. Support farmers to establish savings and credit schemes to promote aquaculture business.

1.4 Fishing gears and Other Aquaculture Equipments

Government should:

1. Initiate and support the establishment of local fishing gear manufacturing factories. 2. Monitor fishing gear standards. 3. Educate farmers the use of nets while handling different stage of fish in fishponds. 4. Demonstrate the advantage and the use of other aquaculture equipments in fishponds.


1. Produce standard fishing gear materials and fishing gears. 2. Upgrade skill and knowledge of making and mending of fishing gears. 3. Demonstrate the operation and maintenance of gears and other aquaculture equipments

for durability

2. Extension/Outreach Services

Government should:

1. Establish and support national and regional aquaculture information networks in order to enhance outreach activities.

2. Provide technical assistance through an efficient aquaculture outreach programme. 3. Demonstrate and disseminate aquaculture technologies. 4. Train and equip aquaculture service providers. 5. Strengthen farmers training centers and associations to allow for ease of information

delivery and sharing of best practices.

6. Facilitate communication channels amongst different aquaculture stakeholders. 7. Play a pivot role in outreach programs. 8. Maintain all activities and reports relating to out reach programs. 9. Facilitate farmer internships including farmer-to-farmer contact to enhance learning.

Fishery/Aquaculture Professional organizations should:

1. Act as forum for information exchange among stakeholders. 2. Rationalize the marketing and purchasing of inputs, as well as to exert social control on

service suppliers.

3. Defend the collective interests and lobby for appropriate intervention of the public sector. 4. Establish relations with the research institutions and other stakeholders.

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1. Collect all baseline information for setting up out reach programs and inform the details to the government.

2. Obtain all appropriate extension material from concerned government agencies and other organizations involved in aquaculture.

3. Inform the government the constraints that they experience and solution sought.

3. Training, Education and Capacity Building

Government should:

1. Promote aquaculture education at all levels including the development of curricula. 2. Develop and support continuing training plans for aquaculture technicians, farm

managers and researchers and assist in linking candidates with local, regional and

international agencies providing training, education and distance learning options.

3. Allocate experts in a rational manner. 4. Provide appropriate hands on training to all existing fisheries personnel in aquaculture.


1. Provide feedback and advice on training, including the efficiency of training and required training needs.

2. Facilitate practical training opportunities on their farms.

4. Research

Government should:

1. Consider research on aquaculture as one of the priority areas in agricultural development. 2. Allocate adequate funds to aquaculture oriented research activities. 3. Identify gap area of research in aquaculture development. 4. Support applied and farmer-participatory research directed at different production

systems.

5. Ensure that research is responsive to the needs of fish farmers. 6. Provide and support aquaculture research facilities. 7. Conduct research on aquaculture technology packages. 8. Upgrade status of research administration to a fully-fledged institute. 9. Demonstrate tested research outputs on aquaculture to users. 10. Patent aquaculture research innovations. 11. Develop infrastructure facilities for aquaculture research.


1. Collaborate with government and establish modern facilities to conduct advanced research.

2. Adopt research results.

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5. Culture Based Fisheries

Government should:

1. Ensure that conflicts arising out of the multi-purpose use and management of water bodies and water harvesting facilities are amicably resolved.

2. Co-manage the fisheries of water bodies with the participation of the private sector and fish farmers.


1. Actively participate in the conservation and management of water bodies. 2. Manage the fisheries, the water resource and other activities relating to their businesses

having in mind the interest of all the other users.

3. Aware of carrying capacity of the resource of sustainable development. 4. Protect water bodies from pollution/degradation while practicing cage farming in natural

water bodies.

6. Fish Health Management

Government should:

1. Monitor and control fish health on fish farms and water bodies. 2. Educate fish farmers on fish health and fish health management. 3. Certify the quality and safety of fish imports and exports. 4. Make the surveillance of fish disease in natural and cultural systems. 5. Regular monitoring of water quality both in source water and in cultural systems. 6. Identify bacterial, protozoan and metazoan parasite infestations. 7. Find out other disorders in fish such as abnormality, nutritional disorders, pollution

induced changes and other physiological disorders in cultivable fish.

8. Take appropriate prophylaxis and other curative measures. 9. Establish and strengthen Fish Health Laboratory in Ethiopia with international support. 10. Make provision for registry of fish cases from natural and culture systems. 11. Establish contacts with FAO and World Fish Center to develop and promote fish health

programs.

12. Develop capacity for farmers to identify parasite and disease in its early stage of development in culture systems.

13. Train the farmers the methods of disease control in culture systems. 14. Develop quarantine methods to import seeds to assess their health.


1. Be responsible for the management, prevention and the control of the spread of diseases within and outside their farms.

2. Report outbreaks of diseases on their farms to the appropriate authorities. 3. Familiar with the knowledge of water quality parameters 4. Familiar with the common parasite and disease of cultivable fishers with their control.

7. Gender Issues

Government should:

1. Promote gender equality and empower women on aquaculture.

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2. Develop a strategy to incorporate more women in aquaculture practice, processing and marketing of aquaculture products.

3. Take into account the specific gender issues in the education, training and extension of aquaculture capability development programs.

4. Elaborate indicators of reference in the effective implementation of gender issues in the aquaculture sector.

5. Encourage community based aquaculture and village group concept to develop aquaculture with the involvement of women groups.

6. Develop capacity building for women group to undertake viable aquaculture methods. Private sector should:

1. Develop capacity building for women group to undertake viable aquaculture methods to ensure gender equality.

2. Know the details and provide on the involvement of men and women in aquaculture activities.

3. Know the funds allocated for addressing the gender issues.

8. Access to Land /Aquaculture zones/ by Industries and Fish Farmers

Government should:

1. Identify aquaculture potential areas. 2. Facilitate farmers and investors in suitable site selection for aquaculture. 3. Guarantee aquaculture investors' rights to land and their investment. 4. Develop technologies such as GIS and remote sensing for identifying and selecting

suitable sites for aquaculture.

9. Legal and Regulatory Framework

Government should:

1. Establish clear and secure user rights to land and water for aquaculture investment. 2. Involve private sector and other stakeholders in policy and development of regulations. 3. Regulate quality and production of feed and seed. 4. Develop a system to ensure that all sectors are aware of the regulations. 5. Effectively implement the regulation. 6. Develop environmental protection rules and regulations for aquaculture activities. 7. Give legal backing to the collection, analysis and publication of reliable and up to date

statistics.

8. Regulate the introduction of indigenous and exotics and the movement of aquaculture species.


1. Be aware of, adhere to relevant regulations, and control measures. 2. Follow procedures and regulations in the development of aquaculture practices. 3. Respect regulations on the introduction, importation and movement of aquaculture

species.

4. Seek permit before establishing aquaculture farms. 5. Conduct environmental impact assessment for aquaculture enterprises.

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6. Self regulate to ensure a safe-to-consume product is provided to all consumers. 7. Participate in the formulation of policies, strategies, regulations and development

programs.

8. Provide completed and accurate data for monitoring by the Government.

10. Improved Marketing

Government should:

1. Provide basic marketing infrastructure such as roads, electricity, potable water and communication facilities.

2. Provide information on fish wholesale and retail prices from main domestic markets. 3. Provide and make technical and economic information on preservation and other post-

harvest processes, technologies and techniques available to producers and consumers.

4. Increase fish consumption by promoting new food fish recipes. 5. Develop marketing channels that are accessible to fish producers. 6. Protect local producers against unfair foreign competition provided that the protective

measures conform to international agreements.

7. Promote marketing of fish by increasing clients acceptability of aquaculture products through fish quality assurance.

8. Assist fish farmers to increase incomes through value addition to their products.

11. Public Private Partnerships

Government should:

1. Assign clear roles to identifiable public and private institutions in the development of aquaculture.

2. Encourage private sector to produce inputs such as seed, feed and fishing gears. 3. Limit its involvement in aquaculture development to monitoring, evaluation and the

creation of an enabling environment for the private sector to operate.

4. Government and the private sector should develop strong institutional arrangements in support of aquaculture development.

12. Public Awareness Creation

Government should:

1. Promote aquaculture development by extending knowledge of the concept, skill and profitability of aquaculture to the public.

Private Sector should:

1. Promote aquaculture development by extending knowledge of the concept, skill and profitability of aquaculture to the public.

13. Monitoring, Control and Evaluation of Aquaculture Industry

Government should:

1. Control the quality of aquaculture inputs (feed, seed, drugs, chemicals) and products through certification.

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2. Enforce compliance with appropriate international codes such as the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries CCRF.

3. Control introduction and export of aquatic organisms. 4. Establish a data collection, analysis and publication system for an effective evaluation of

all aspects of the sector.

5. Ensure that Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies are properly conducted before an aquaculture establishment is set up.

Private Sector should:

1. Comply with the regulations on the responsible conduct of aquaculture and on their obligations towards the conservation of the environment.

2. Obtain a permit before establishing an aquaculture establishment. 3. Regularly provide reliable and up to date statistics on their operations. 4. Comply with the quality standards set by Government for aquaculture inputs and

products.

14. Policy Issues

Government should:

1. Encourage the private sector to participate in aquaculture policy formulation. 2. Incorporate aquaculture production into the water harvesting, irrigation agriculture and

hydroelectric power generation schemes.

3. Increase and sustain the contribution of aquaculture to food security and poverty alleviation.

4. Coordinate federal and regional state policies on issues related to aquaculture. 5. Promote aquaculture development in accordance with the New Partnership for African

Development (NEPAD) Action Plan and the Millennium Development Goals (MDG).

6. Participate in the work of relevant international organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), its Committee on Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture for

Africa (CIFAA), the Aquaculture Network for Africa (ANAF) and the World Fish

Centre.

7. Provide incentives for investors to undertake aquaculture business. 8. Put aquaculture to the rank of the priorities of government policy as stated in the

PASDEP and RDS.

9. Encourage the integration of aquaculture with other farms.

9. RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Establish aquaculture strategy implementation committee. 2. Develop government-private partnerships in supplying services and inputs for the

industry.

3. Undertake a thorough review of the Investment Code and regulations so as to make it attractive to investors and financial institutions to pay a special attention to aquaculture.

4. For a successful establishment and development of aquaculture in Ethiopia, intervention targets and benchmarks must be set.

The priorities amongst them are the following:

a. Training and education for specialists in aquaculture such as researchers and extensionists.

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b. Make a study to identify the suitability of the potential areas considered as good for aquaculture according to the different techniques.

c. Undertake sensitization programs to create awareness to different stakeholders in the country including the local people, communities, investors, NGOs and donors.

d. Formulate aquaculture technical packages fitted to the various physical, social, environmental, cultural and socio-economical concerns.

e. Undertake pilot projects in agro-ecological zones which have the best potential in aquaculture.

ANNEX 1

ACTION PLAN FOR NATIONAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF ETHIOPIA

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National Aquaculture Development Action Plan

No Issues Activities

Short term plan (2002-2005 Eth. calendar) Medium Term Plan (2006-2012 Eth. calendar)

1 Formulation of National Aquaculture Development Strategy of Ethiopia (NADSE)

1. Field survey and collection of background information in

different regions of the country.

2. Field report writing and designing of draft aquaculture development

strategy.

3. Consultative workshop.

4. Endorsement of the final NADSE

5. Establish National Aquaculture Development Task Force (NADTF).

1. National working group and FAO consultants. (Completed)

2. National working group and FAO consultants. (Completed)

3. Stakeholders, National working group and FAO consultants. (Completed)

4. MoARD and FAO.

5. MoARD Establish NADTF consisting of different stakeholders indicated in NADSE document.

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Prepare Action Plan

National working group. (Completed)

2.1 Availability and access to inputs

1. Establishment of model fish seed (multiplication) hatchery

1. MoARD selects appropriate priority areas for the hatchery establishment in consultation with the

regions.

2. Preparation of detailed hatchery establishment project proposal by MoARD.

3. MoARD recruits consultants.

4. MoARD, BoARD and consultants select specific fish hatchery sites.

5. Secure land and other facilities of the hatchery by

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BoARD, municipalities and other government

administrations.

6. MoARD, BoARD and consultants follow the construction of the hatchery.

7. MoARD and BoARD employ hatchery staff based on the project document.

8. Consultants, employed staff, MoARD and BoARD officially start the hatchery operation.

9. MoARD, BoARD and fishery research centers continuously monitor and follow all activities in the

hatchery including fish seed distribution.

10. Research Centers produce quality basic fish seed to the hatcheries.

1. MoARD, BoARD and fishery research centers continuously monitor and follow all

activities in the hatchery including fish seed

distribution.

2. MoARD initiates and encourage private commercial fish seed producers.

2. Facilitate to establish and strengthen private fish feed

factories

1. MoARD and BoARD encourage the existing and new private animal feed producing unit to produce fish

feed.

2. Research Centers provide ration formulation and feed package to the feed processors.

3. Research Centers, MoARD and BoARD develop guidelines on quality feed production, storage and

distribution.

1. Research Centers, MoARD and BoARD develop guidelines and monitor quality feed

production, storage and distribution.

3. Fishing gears 1. MoARD initiates and support establishment of local fishing gears manufacturers.

2. MoARD and Ethiopian Investment Agency facilitate fishing gear materials importation by arranging

reasonable incentives.

1. MoARD initiates and support establishment of fishing gears manufacturers.

2. MoARD and Ethiopian Investment Agency facilitate fishing gear materials importation

by arranging reasonable incentives.

iii



1. MoARD control fishing gear standards according to the government rules and regulations.

1. MoARD control fishing gear standards according to the government rules and

regulations.

4. Capital 1. MoARD and BoARD provide information to the lending institutions on the profitability of aquaculture.

2. MoARD, BoARD and NGOs set up a development fund for aquaculture activities.

3. MoARD, BoARD evaluate technical merits of investment proposals.

4. MoARD, BoARD advise fish farmers on where and how to access to financial assistance.

5. MoARD, BoARD interacts with the funding institutions to negotiate preferential interest rates for

aquaculture development.

1. MoARD and Regional BoARD provide information to the lending institutions on the

profitability of aquaculture.

2. MoARD, BoARD and NGOs set up a development fund for aquaculture activities.

3. MoARD, BoARD evaluate technical merits of investment proposals.

4. MoARD, BoARD advise commercial fish farmers on where and how to access

financial assistance.

2.2 Extension/outreach services 1. MoARD and BoARD provide technical assistance through an efficient aquaculture outreach programme.

2. MoARD and BoARD demonstrate and disseminate aquaculture technologies.

3. MoARD and BoARD strengthen farmers training centers and associations to allow for ease of

information delivery and sharing of best practices.

4. MoARD and its stakeholders such as Research Institutions, Universities etc. create professional

associations.

1. MoARD and BoARD provide technical assistance through an efficient aquaculture

outreach programme.

2. MoARD and BoARD demonstrate and disseminate aquaculture technologies.

3. MoARD and BoARD strengthen farmers training centers and associations to allow for

ease of information delivery and sharing of

best practices.

4. MoARD and BoARD facilitate farmer internships including farmer to farmer

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5. MoARD and BoARD play a coordinating role in outreach programs.

6. MoARD and BoARD maintain performance statistics and reports.

7. MoARD and BoARD facilitate farmer internships including farmer-to-farmer contact to enhance

learning.

8. MoARD create and strengthen international aquaculture linkages.

9. MoARD, BoARD will develop aquaculture manual and also deploy appropriate staff members to do the

outreach programme.

contact to enhance learning.

5. MoARD strengthens international aquaculture linkages.

2.3 Training, education and capacity

building

1. Higher learning institutions, MoARD and BoARD establish aquaculture education and training at all

levels including the development of curricula.

2. Higher learning institutions, MoARD and BoARD develop and establish continuous practical training

plans for aquaculture technicians, farm managers and

researchers and assist in linking candidates with local,

regional and international agencies providing training,

education and distance learning options.

1. Higher learning institutions, MoARD and BoARD support aquaculture education and

training at all levels including up dating of

curricula.

2. Higher learning institutions, MoARD and BoARD develop and support continuous

practical training programme for aquaculture

technicians, farm managers and researchers

and assist in linking candidates with local,

regional and international agencies providing

training, education and distance learning

options.

v



2.4 Culture Based Fisheries 1. MoARD, BoARD, Regional administrations, zonal and Woreda agricultural and rural development

offices ensure that conflicts arising out of the multi-

purpose use and management of water bodies and

water harvesting facilities are amicably resolved.

2. BoARD, zonal and Woreda agricultural and rural development offices including the communities co-

manage of fisheries with the participation of the

private sector and communities.

1. MoARD, BoARD, Regional administrations, zonal and Woreda agricultural and rural

development offices and other users ensure

that conflicts arising out of the multi-purpose

use and management of water bodies and

water harvesting facilities are amicably

resolved.

2. BoARD, zonal and Woreda agricultural and rural development offices including the

communities co-manage of the fisheries with

the participation of the private sector and

communities.

2.5 Research

1. Consider research on aquaculture as one of the priority areas in

agricultural development

1. MoARD, BoARD and Research institutes identify fish farming potential areas of the country.

2. MoARD, BoARD and Research institutes identify other aquaculture potential fish

species/varieties/ecotypes among the locally available

species.

3. MoARD, BoARD and Research institutes identify potential feed sources from locally available agro-

industrial and other non-conventional feed sources.

4. Federal and regional administration encourage NGOs engaged in wetland management, flood plain or

irrigation agriculture and water harvesting activities

need to integrate research as an agenda.

1. MoARD, BoARD and Research institutes identify aquaculture potential areas of the

country.

2. Research institutes improve the potential of aquaculture fish species.

3. Federal and regional administration encourage NGOs engaged in wetland

management, flood plain or irrigation

agriculture & water harvesting activities

need to integrate research as an agenda.

2. Allocate adequate fund and provide aquaculture research facilities for

development-oriented research

1. Establishment of research aquariums (indoor and outdoor) as well as hatcheries and equipping them

with the necessary facilities by the institutes and

1. Give specialized practical training and education on aquaculture.

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activities

.

centers.

2. Equipping the research centers with the necessary laboratory and field equipments by the federal and

regional research institutes.

3. Establishment of on-station and on-farm research ponds by the research institutes.

4. Give training and education to strengthen the research centers with expertise.

2. Recruit senior specialized researchers.

3. Identify key research gaps and undertake problem-oriented and

participatory research for

aquaculture development

1. Research institutes and centers should identify gaps or problems and start doing research on:

Fish feed (type, availability)

Fish improvement (selection, breeding)

Fish Health (disease and parasite)

Fish cultures techniques (Pond, Cage, Pen, Tank, etc)

Fish farming systems (integrated monoculture, polyculture, etc.).

2. Formation of different farmers research groups and demonstration ponds based on agro-ecologies.

1. Federal and regional institutes and universities should prepare packages

consisting of:

Fish feed

Fish improvement

Fish Health

Fish culture techniques

Fish farming system

Fish disease and parasite control

2. Research institutes and centers should prepare laboratory and hatchery manuals for

different fish species.

3. Scaling up/out the farmers research groups.

4. Ensure that research is responsive to the needs of fish farmers

1. Research centers should give priority for the problems identified by the farmers through the extension

system.

2. Research institutes and centers should give research outputs or technologies recommended in response to

the identified problems.

1. Research centers should work together with the farmers and release or adopt new outputs

or technologies.

2. Research centers should innovate and improve the local skills (indigenous

knowledge) and way of doing as a tool to

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enhance aquaculture development.

5. Conduct research on quality seed production and disseminate

information and technologies to

seed producers

1. Research centers maintain brood stock among the selected fishes.

2. Establishment of hatcheries for selected fish species by research centers.

1. Release of an improved species by the agricultural institutes and Fisheries research

centers.

2. Research centers should establish sites that supply improved offspring.

6. Conduct research on quality feed production and feeding

1. Research centers should do research on feed formulation.

2. Research centers assess alternative feed sources and supplement the formulated feeds.

3. Laboratory analysis of the feed content of available fish feed sources (live and others) and prepare guide

book by the research centers and universities.

4. Conduct research on live feed production for young fish.

1. Research on planktons of special importance for aquaculture and listing all the available

fauna and flora by the research institutes and

centers.

2. Laboratory analysis of the feed content of available fish feed sources (live and others)

and prepare guide book by the research

centers and universities.

7. Upgrade status of research administration to a fully fledged

institute

1. Federal and regional administration initiate the establishment of aquaculture-linked institute.

2. Research centers should establish appropriate links with international aquaculture institutes.

1. Federal and regional administration establish an institution specific to aquaculture and

related research.

2. Research institutes establish and equip competent laboratory engaged in analyzing

bio - chemical and bio - physical condition

of water, soil, feed and fish.

8. Demonstrate test and release research outputs on aquaculture to

users

1. Research centers demonstrate the relevant technologies.

2. Research centers undertake adaptive research for new technology testing and adoption.

1. Research centers look for new technologies in the globe and test them under Ethiopian

aquaculture.

2. The research centers undertake new research

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3. Higher learning institutes through their graduate programme conduct basic research for new

technology.

findings to science and technology for

patenting.

9. Private sector Collaborate with government in research

1. Adopt research results and use the findings. 1. Commercial farmers use better performing, ecologically accepted and improved

technologies as recommended by the

research.

2.6 Fish health management

1. Monitor and control fish health on fish farms and water bodies

1. MoARD and BoARD facilitate veterinary support centers at aquaculture development areas.

2. EPLAUA and BoARD control and protect water bodies used for aquaculture from agricultural &

industrial chemicals and other effluents.

1. MoARD, BoARD and Research institutes establish laboratory to study fish disease and

parasites.

2. BoARD, EPLAUA and BoWRD control and prevent use of dangerous antibiotics and

other chemicals on water bodies.

2. Educate fish farmers on fish health and fish health management

1. BoARD and Research institutes prepare and provide fish health management manuals and guides.

2. BoARD and Research centers give training on fish health and health management.

1. BoARD establishes farmers training center (FTC) on fish health and health

management.

3. Certify the quality of fish imports and exports

1. MoARD, BoARD, EQSA, MoH and BoH prepare guide line for fish marketing.

2. MoARD, EQSA, MoH, EHNI and ECA prepare and/or use legislation regarding the quality of fish

product to be imported and exported.

1. MoARD, BoARD, EQSA, MoH and BoH prepare guideline for fish marketing.

2.7 Gender

1. Take into account the specific gender issues in the education,

training and extension aquaculture

1. MoARD and BoARD, Higher learning institutions and training centers give training and outreach service for

women involved in fish farming.

ix



capability development programs

2. Define a strategy to increase the recruitment of the women and the

vulnerable social categories into

the production, processing and

marketing of aquaculture products

1. BoARD, Research and Investment Promotion Agency (IPA) give priority and privilege women and socially

vulnerable groups to involve in the aquaculture

industry.

1. The BoARD, Research and other stakeholders involving in aquaculture

industry should increase the number of

women by threefold.

3. Elaborate indicators of reference in the effective implementation of

gender issues in the aquaculture

sector

1. BoARD gives special practical training in the fish production and processing units.

2. BoARD and Investment Promotion Agency (IPA) give special attention and assistance for women

involving in fish farming investment.

1. The Bureau of Women Affaires (BoWA) as well as Labor and Social Affairs should

follow regularly whether the women and

socially vulnerable groups are involving and

participating in the aquaculture industry.

2. The Cooperative Promotion Agency should organize and establish different formal

cooperatives for the women and socially

vulnerable groups engaged in fish farming.

1. Private sector provides disaggregated statistics on the

women and men involvement in all

aquaculture activities

1. Investors and NGOs give priority for women during manpower recruitment.

2. Financial organizations outline rules and regulations benefiting the women and socially deprived groups to

involve in fish farming.

1. NGOs promote the number of women participants' at least 25% in aquaculture

development.

2. More of the fund released by the financial institutions to the aquaculture industry goes

to the women.

2. Define a percentage of resources donated for addressing the gender

issues.

1. NGOs arrange special incentive for women and socially vulnerable groups working on the aquaculture

development.

1. The NGOs increase the ratio of women at least 25% during donation.

2.8 Access to land or aquaculture zones,

by enterprises, industries and fish

farmers.

1. Identify aquaculture potential areas 1. MoARD, BoARD and Research institutes with the involvement of stakeholders will develop the type of

1. MoARD, BoARD and Research institutes with the involvement of other stakeholders

x



aquaculture to be implemented with the different agro-

ecologies.

prepare aquaculture master plan describing

the environmental suitability and resource

availability for fish farming industry.

2. Research centers list all aquatic life resources (big aquatic vertebrates to

microscopic planktons) important for

aquaculture industry.

3. Research institutes, MoARD and BoARD identify the type of aquaculture industry to

be implemented in an area.

2. Facilitate farmers and investors in suitable site selection for

aquaculture

1. MoARD, BoARD, and EIPA and EPLAUA consult the fish farmers and investors in site selection and

research centers recommend species that fit to the

studied sites.

2. BoARD and research centers evaluate the areas proposed by investors for its suitability to aquaculture.

1. BoARD and research centers together with other stakeholders should identify areas

suitable for new way of farming system

(investment).

3. Guarantee aquaculture investors' rights to land and their investment

1. The regional administration guarantees land for the aquaculture investment.

2. The EIPA gives guarantee and special incentives for the investments undertaken in aquaculture.

1. The EIPA facilitates the leasing of aquaculture land for the investors.

2.9. Legal and regulatory framework

1. Establish clear and secure user right to land and water favorable

for aquaculture investment.

1. BoARD, EEPCO and EIPA identify and list favorable land for aquaculture investment.

2. Regional administration avails and secures favorable land for aquaculture investment.

1. Regional administration avail and secure favorable land for aquaculture investment.

2. Develop aquaculture regulation

1. Federal and regional administration develop aquaculture rules and regulations together with

1. MoARD and BoARD monitor all aquaculture activities of the country.

xi



stakeholders (MoARD, BoARD MoWRD, BoWRD

and EEPCO).

2. MoARD and BoARD monitor all aquaculture activities of the country.

3. Regulate quality and production of feed and seed

1. EQSA together with MoARD establishes quality standard for fish seed and feed.

2. BoARD together with research centers apply the quality control measures, monitor fish seed, and feed

products.

1. BoARD together with research centers applies the quality control measures for fish

seed and feed.

4. Regulate introduction and movement of aquaculture species

1. MoARD, IBCR and EEPCO in collaboration issue rules and regulations on the introduction and

movement of aquaculture species.

2. BoARD applies the rules and regulations and monitors the introduction and movement of aquaculture species.

1. BoARD apply the rules and regulations and monitor the introduction and movement of

aquaculture species.

5. Collect, analyze and publish reliable and up to date statistics

1. BoARD and Research Institute collects data analyze and publish the statistics.

2. MoARD compiles regional statistics and publicize.

1. BoARD and Research institute collects data analyze and publish the statistics.

2. MoARD compiles regional statistics and publicize.

2.10 Improve marketing

1. Basic marketing infrastructure development

1. The Federal and Regional Road Authorities construct all weather roads.

2. EEPCO installs electric power facility.

3. BoWRD avails potable water.

4. ETC avails communication facilities.

1. The Federal and Regional Road Authorities construct all weather roads.

2. EEPCO installs electric power facility.

3. BoWRD avails potable water.

4. ETC avails communication facilities.

xii



2. Information on technical and economical aspects

1. MoARD, BoARD and mass media deliver information on fish post harvest techniques, market channels, and

fish prices through trainings, workshops and

promotion.

1. MoARD, BoARD and mass media give information on fish post harvest techniques,

market channels, and fish prices through

trainings, workshops and promotion.

3. Market channels 1. MoARD and BoARD trace and promote market channels for fish producers, consumers and traders.

1. MoARD, BoARD and Bureau of Trade and Industry (BoTI) trace and promote market

channels for fish producers, consumers and

traders for products.

4. Fish quality assurance 1. BoARD, Department of Agriculture & Rural Development (DoARD), and Office of Agriculture &

Rural Development (OoARD) insure the quality of

fish in the domestic market according to the preset

standards.

1. BoARD, Department of Agriculture & Rural Development (DoARD), and Office of

Agriculture & Rural Development (OoARD)

insure the quality of fish in the domestic

market according to the preset standards.

2. MoARD, BoARD and EQSA insure the quality of exportable fish product according

to the preset standards.

2.11 Public Private Partnerships

1. Encourage private sector to produce inputs

1. BoARD with MoARD encourage and facilitate the privates to produce fish feed, seed and fishing gears

by creating awareness through trainings, workshops,

mass medias.

2. EIPA with the Regional investment commission motivates and encourages aquaculture input

production investments by licensing and issuing

incentives.

3. Municipalities and town administrations allow or secure land and other resources (water, electric power,

telecommunication, and road) for aquaculture input

producers.

1. BoARD with MoARD encourage and facilitate the privates to produce fish feed,

seed and fishing gears by creating awareness

through trainings, workshops, mass medias.

2. EIPA with the Regional investment commission motivates and encourages

aquaculture input production investments by

licensing and issuing incentives.

3. Municipalities and town administrations allow or secure land and other resources

(water, electric power, telecommunication,

and road) for aquaculture input producers.

xiii



4. BoARD facilitates market out lets for aquaculture inputs.

4. BoARD facilitates market out lets for aquaculture inputs.

2.12 Public awareness creation

1. Promote aquaculture development 1. BoARD with MoARD creates awareness on all aquaculture activities, technologies and packages

through trainings, workshops and mass medias.

2. BoARD with MoARD creates awareness about all rules and regulations of aquaculture activities through

trainings, workshops and mass medias.

3. BoARD, DoARD and OoARD prepare fish food recipe and fish farming manuals.

1. BoARD with MoARD creates awareness on all aquaculture activities, technologies and

packages through trainings, workshops and

mass medias.

2. BoARD with MoARD creates awareness about all rules and regulations of aquaculture

activities through trainings, workshops and

mass medias.

3. BoARD, DoARD and OoARD prepare fish food recipe and fish farming manuals.

2.13 Monitoring, control and evaluation

of aquaculture industry

1. Enforce compliance 1. MoARD enforces compliance with FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF).

1. MoARD enforces compliance with FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries

(CCRF).

2. Import/export 1. MoARD with IBCR and EPLAUA set up monitoring and controlling scheme of import and export of all

aquatic organisms.

2. MoARD monitors and controls import and export of all aquatic organisms.

1. MoARD monitors and controls import and export of all aquatic organisms.

3. Evaluation of the aquaculture sector

1. MoARD and BoARD prepare evaluation methods of the sector.

2. BoARD evaluates the aquaculture sector through data collection, analysis and summarization of information.

1. BoARD evaluates the aquaculture sector through data collection, analysis and

summarization of information.

2. MoARD summarizes all information of the region to evaluate the aquaculture sector at

xiv



3. MoARD summarizes all information of the region to evaluate the aquaculture sector at the country level.

the country level.

4. Environmental impact assessment 1. BoARD, MoARD and evaluate and ensure the environmental impact assessment studies of each

aquaculture investments.

2. BoARD, MoARD and EPA evaluate and ensure the environmental impact assessment

studies of each aquaculture investments.

2.14 Policy issues

1. Incorporate aquaculture production with other development activities

1. BoARD with MoARD incorporate aquaculture development with water harvesting policy and

activities.

2. MoARD, MoWRD, BoWRD, BoARD, Irrigation Authority and other organizations dealing with water

harvesting and irrigation schemes incorporate

aquaculture development with irrigation schemes

(designs).

3. MoWRD and EEPCO incorporate aquaculture development with hydroelectric power generation

schemes.

1. BoARD with MoARD incorporate aquaculture development with water

harvesting policy and activities.

2. MoARD, MoWRD, BoWRD, BoARD, Irrigation Authority and other organizations

dealing with water harvesting and irrigation

schemes incorporate aquaculture

development with irrigation schemes

(designs).

3. MoWRD and EEPCO incorporate aquaculture development with hydroelectric

power generation schemes.

2. Promote aquaculture 1. MoARD promotes aquaculture in accordance with the NEPAD Action plan and the MDG.

1. MoARD promotes aquaculture in accordance with the NEPAD Action plan

and the (MDG).

3. Participation with international organizations.

1. MoARD, BoARD and Research Institutes participate in aquaculture developmental activities of other

international organizations such as FAO- Committee

on Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture for Africa

(CIFAA), ANFA and World Fish Center.

1. MoARD, BoARD and Research Institutes participate in aquaculture developmental

activities of other international organizations

such as FAO-Committee on Inland Fisheries

and Aquaculture for Africa (CIFAA), ANFA

and World Fish Center.

nads-ethiopia (final&)$

Documents

aquaculture industry

rural development food

strategic framework

definition of types

key issues

gender issues

addis ababa

capacity building