nacto guide overvie presentations/fdot d7 … · fhwa memorandum: subject: bicycle and pedestrian...
TRANSCRIPT
-
NACTO Guide Overview:Urban Bikeway Design Guide
Urban Street Design Guide
Transit Street Design Guide
-
What are we going to cover?
2011, 2nd ed 2012 2013 2016
-
What is NACTO?
Founded in 1996
“Urban think tank” – transportation issues
City transportation departments
-
Why create the guides?
Design guidance inadequate for urban condition (AASHTO, Greenbook, MUTCD etc.)
Used as its basis real‐world designs and expertise
Responding to smart growth, increasing desire to enhance cities as livable places
Guidance, not standards, to be used in conjunction – consistent with MUTCD, ADA compliance, ETC.
-
NACTO members• Atlanta• Austin• Baltimore• Boston• Charlotte• Chicago• Denver• Detroit• Houston• Los Angeles
• Minneapolis• New York• Philadelphia• Phoenix• Pittsburgh• Portland• San Diego• San Francisco• San Jose• Seattle• Washington D.C.
22 Affiliate members, 4 International members
-
Where does USDOT stand?
Aug 2013 – FHWA memorandum of support for taking a flexible approach to bicycle and pedestrian facility design.
Affirms AASHTO bicycle and pedestrian design guides as primary national resources
FHWA supports the use of these resources to further develop non‐motorized transportation networks, particularly in urban areas
Updated guidance in 2014 to include the Urban Street Design Guide
Urban Street Design Guide listed in the FAST Act (US Code Title 23 §109. Standards)
-
US Code Title 23 §109. Standards(c) Design Criteria for National Highway System.—
(2) Development of criteria.—The Secretary, in cooperation with State transportation departments, may develop criteria to implement paragraph (1). In developing criteria under this paragraph, the Secretary shall consider—
(E) the publication entitled "Urban Street Design Guide" of the National Association of City Transportation Officials
What the FAST Act has to say…
-
FHWA memorandum: Subject: Bicycle and Pedestrian Facility Design Flexibility
“The vast majority of treatments illustrated in the NACTO Guide are either allowed or not precluded by the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD).
In addition, non‐compliant traffic control devices may be piloted through the MUTCD experimentation process. That process is described in Section 1A.10 of the MUTCD and a table on the FHWA's bicycle and pedestrian design guidance Web page is regularly updated (FHWA Bicycle and Pedestrian Design Guidance), and explains what bicycle facilities, signs, and markings are allowed in accordance with the MUTCD.
Other elements of the NACTO Guide's new and revised provisions will be considered in the rulemaking cycle for the next edition of the MUTCD.”
-
Q: Can I use the bicycle symbol on a Street Name sign?
A: No. Sections 2D.43 and 9B.20 of the MUTCD do not provide for the allowable use of either the standard bicycle symbol or the helmeted bicycle symbol on street name signs. A possible source of confusion could be from The Urban Bikeway Design Guide authored by the National Association of City Transportation Officials. Feature 10 inside Pages 214 and 215 in the second edition of the Urban Bikeway Guide states, "To minimize sign clutter, a bicycle symbol may be placed on a standard street name sign, along with distinctive coloration.129" Note 129 on Page 307 further states, "A pictograph (see Definition in Section 1A.13) may be used on a D3-1 sign. If a pictograph is used on a D3-1 sign, the height and width of the pictograph shall not exceed the upper-case letter height of the principal legend of the sign. The pictograph should be positioned to the left of the street name. Federal Highway Administration, (2009) Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. 2D.42 (sic)."
The terms, "symbol", "logo", and "pictograph" as provided in the MUTCD are not interchangeable and each term has a distinct and clear definition provided in Section 1A.13. Paragraph 10 of Section 2D.43 provides for the allowable use of a pictograph on a Street Name sign. Agencies are reminded to perform due diligence on the Notes in the Urban Bikeway Design Guide and are also reminded that the Urban Bikeway Design Guide does not supersede the MUTCD.
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide
The National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO) Urban Bikeway Design Guide is also a primary source for Seattle’s new bike designs. This document was created out of an extensive worldwide literature search from design guidelines and real‐life experience; as well as the input of a panel of urban bikeway planning professionals from NACTO member cities, traffic engineers, planners, and academics. (Seattle DOT)
-
What are these resources?
•Design guides • Idea generators•Both?
-
Using the Guides…
Situations typically complex… requiring individual responses to context, engineering judgement
Levels of guidance: Critical features: strong consensus of absolute necessity
Recommended features: strong consensus that elements may add value
Optional features: elements may vary by city, and situation
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide
Authors and Supporters
City DOTs – Atlanta to Washington DC
International design team – Kittleson, Alta, Peter Furth, Netherlands, Copenhagen, etc.
People for Bikes
SRAM Cycling Fund
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide
Hard Copy
On‐line Guide
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide International best practices
NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide: State of the Practice Solutions
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide National best practices
NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide: State of the Practice Solutions
Chicago, IL
Washington, DC
Madison, WI
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics
NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide: State of the Practice Solutions
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics
Bike Lanes
Cycle Tracks
Intersections
Signals
Signs and Markings
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics
Intersections
Bike Boxes
Intersection Crossing Markings
Two‐Stage Turn Queue Boxes
Median Refuge Island
Through Bike Lanes
Combined Bike Lane/Turn Lane
Cycle Track Intersection Approach
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Two‐Stage Turn Queue Boxes
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Two‐Stage Turn Queue Boxes
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Two‐Stage Turn Queue Boxes
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Two‐Stage Turn Queue Boxes
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Two‐Stage Turn Queue Boxes
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Two‐Stage Turn Queue Boxes
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Two‐Stage Turn Queue Boxes
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Two‐Stage Turn Queue Boxes
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Two‐Stage Turn Queue Boxes
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics
Conventional Bike Lanes
Buffered Bicycle Lanes
Contra‐Flow Bike Lanes
Left‐side Bike Lanes
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Buffered Bicycle Lanes
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Contra‐flow Bicycle Lanes
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Left‐side Bicycle Lanes
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Cycle Tracks
One‐way Protected
Raised Cycle Track
Two‐Way Cycle tracks
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics One‐way Cycle Tracks
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Raised Cycle Tracks
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Two‐way Cycle Tracks
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Cycle Tracks
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bicycle_pedestrian/publications/separated_bikelane_pdg/page00.cfm
FHWA Guidance
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Intersections
Bike Boxes
Intersection Crossing MarkingsTwo‐State Turn Queue Boxes
Median Refuge Island
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Intersections
Through Bike Lane Combined Bike Lane/Turn Lane
Cycle Track Intersection Approach
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Signals
Bike signal heads
Signal detection and actuation
Active Warning Beacon for Bike Route at UnsignalizedIntersection (RRFB)
Hybrid signal for Bike Route Crossing Major Street (HAWK)
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Signs and Markings
Bike Route Wayfinding
Colored Bike Facilities
Shared Lane Markings
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Bike Route Wayfinding
3 types of wayfinding signs• Confirmation – indicate a designated bikeway, motorist awareness
• Turn signs – indicate change of direction
• Decision signs – mark the junction, information about destinations
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Bike Route Wayfinding
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics
• City Resources• Design Guides• International Resources
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Master Reference Matrix
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Master Reference Matrix
-
Urban Bikeway Design Guide Topics Master Reference Matrix
-
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
Streets
Street Design Elements
Interim Design Strategies
Intersections
Intersection Design Elements
Design Controls
Resources
-
Urban Street Design Guide Topics Streets Design Principles
-
3 Phases of Transformation
1. Existing
2. Interim Redesign 3. Reconstruction
Urban Street Design Guide Topics Streets
-
Streets/Street Design in ContextCommercial Strip
Residential Boulevard Downtown Street
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Streets Street Design in Context Examples
Downtown 1 and 2 way streets
Downtown thoroughfare
Neighborhood Main Street
Neighborhood Street
Yield Street
Boulevard
Residential Boulevard
Transit Corridor
Green Alley
Commercial Alley
Residential Shared Street
Commercial Shared Street
-
Streets/Downtown 1‐way Street
1. Wide travel lanes can result in higher speeds and are an ineffective use of valuable street space
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Streets/Downtown 1‐way Street
2. Apply a red bus‐only lane
3. Raised cycle track or parking buffered cycle track
4. Consider widening sidewalks (if full reconstruction)
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Streets/Downtown 2‐way Street
1. Typically heavily congested. Main route for multiple modes
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Streets/Downtown 2‐way Street
2. Bus bulbs3. Raised cycle track or
create definition using striping, cycle tracks and narrow travel lanes
4. Special attention to cycle tracks at intersections
5. Managing freight –restricting delivery or encouraging off‐peak delivery
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Street Design Elements
Lane width
Sidewalks
Sidewalk zones
Sidewalk extensions
Curb Extensions
Gateway
Pinchpoint
Chicane
Bus Bulbs
Vertical Speed Control Elements
Speed Hump
Speed Table
Speed cushion
Transit Streets
Dedicated curbside/Offset bus lane
Dedicated median bus lanes
Contra‐flow bus lanes
Bus stops
Storm water management
Bioswales
Flow‐through planters
Pervious strips
Pervious pavement
“Toolbox”Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Street Design ElementsGateway
1. Curb extensions, often applied at the mouth of an intersection• Intended to mark the transition to a slower speed
street• Length of curb extension should be equal to
width of crosswalk• 1‐2 feet narrower than the parking lane• Curb extensions wherever on‐street parking is
present 2. Include storm water management features
• Include corner street furniture
• Interim:• Design using striping and signage
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Street Design ElementsVertical Speed Control
Speed table Speed cushion Speed hump
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Street Design ElementsVertical Speed Control
Coordination between emergency services and transportation departments.
Strategies:• Seek approval for treatments on emergency
routes• Use emergency vehicle‐friendly traffic calming
techniques on emergency response routes• Estimate emergency response times where
vertical speed control mechanisms are used• Test measures, and impacts, make permanent
if appropriate
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Street Design ElementsTransit Streets
Support every step of passengers trip
Walking to/from: safe and inviting
Transit: dedicated lanes, signal timing to ensure minimal wait times
Transit stops as elements of the streetscape –enhance the public realm (quality bus shelters, wayfinding, real‐time information systems)
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Street Design ElementsTransit Streets
Dedicated Curbside/offset bus lanes
Dedicated median bus lanes
Contra‐flow bus lanes
Far side Bus stops
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Street Design ElementsStorm water management
• Sustainable stormwater management• Reduces combined sewer outflows• Makes rainfall an asset to improve urban
ecology, microclimate and aesthetic quality of the urban realm
• Reduces burden on municipal waste systems
May require maintenance agreement for upkeep
Design must respond to site: soil conditions, native plants, site slopes etc.
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Street Design ElementsStorm water management
Flow‐through planters Bio‐swales
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Street Design ElementsStorm water management
Pervious strips Pervious pavement
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Interim Design Strategies
Moving the curb
From pilot to permanent
Parklets
Temporary street closures
Interim public plazas
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Interim Design StrategiesMoving the curb
Interim sidewalk widening Traffic calming
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Interim Design StrategiesMoving the curb
Bike corral Bike sharing
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Interim Design StrategiesMoving the curb
Parklet
• Buffer from adjacent parking• Vertical elements• Minimum 6’ width• Adjacent to curb• High traffic area• Incorporate seating• Guidance on construction
• Application• Benefits and Considerations
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Interim Design StrategiesFrom pilot to permanent
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Interim Design StrategiesFrom pilot to permanent
Temporary street closures Play streets
Block parties
Street fairs
Open streets
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Interim Design StrategiesFrom pilot to permanent
Interim public plazas Dedicated partner
Underutilized street segment
Need – safety
Funds may be available at later time
Opportunities: make intersections safer, slow traffic speeds, activate public space
Recommendations: low‐cost materials, ADA Compliance, public awareness/marketing, moveable furniture
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Intersections Intersection Design Principles
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Intersections
Major intersections
Intersection of major and minor streets
Raised intersections
Mini roundabout
Complex intersections
Complex intersection analysis
Redesign
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Intersection Design ElementsIntersection of major and minor streets
3. Raised crossings, curb extensions4. Minimize turning speeds from major to minor streets by using design strategies5. Signal timing (if used) to create gaps in traffic6. Stripe crosswalks at unsignalizedcrossings and evaluate the possibility of enhanced crossings
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
IntersectionsComplex intersection analysis
Can present opportunities public space
Can be chance to simplify intersection, make safer Reduce signal delays
Improve visibility
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
IntersectionsComplex intersection analysis
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
IntersectionsComplex intersection analysis
• Context• Geometry, signals, signs & markings
• Vehicle volumes• Pedestrian activity• Transit & bicycle activity• Signalization
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Design Controls
Design speed
Speed reduction mechanisms
Design vehicle
Design hour
Design year
Performance measures
Functional classification
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Design ControlsDesign speed
Conventional highway Design:Operating speed = Design Speed = Posted Speed
Proactive Urban Street Design:Target Speed = Design Speed = Posted Speed
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Design ControlsDesign for target speed: 85th percentile of observed target speed should be 10 to 30mph on most urban streets Maximum target speed urban arterials, 35mph urban collector/local street, 30mph shared streets/alley, 5‐10mph
Design speed at or below target speed of streetDesign speed/target speed by implementing strategies – narrow lanes, speed pillows, curb extensions, etc.
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Design Controls
Design vehicle – frequent user, dictates the minimum turn radii
Adopt a design vehicle standard and a control vehicle standard – standard and how will accommodate maximum
Truck routes – design in coordination with bicycle, transit and pedestrian routes, key hazards, lane uses
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Design Controls Design hour
More than ADT
Each mode
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Design Controls Design year
Traffic growth projections
Induced demand
Alternate methods Comparative Projection
Growth Projection
Mode Targets
Induced Demand Projection
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Design Controls
Functional classification Limiting
Design needs to reflect community needs
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Design Controls
Performance measures Vary by mode (examples)
• Pedestrian: active storefronts, human scale design
• Bicycle: direct access, safety
• Vehicles: minimal delay
• Transit: speed, reliability, frequency
• Freight: ease of goods movement
Full list available in Reference section, page 184
Urban Street Design Guide Topics
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics
Transit Streets
Stations & Stops
Station & Stop Elements
Transit Lanes & Transitways
Intersections
Transit System Strategies
Resources
-
Transit Street Design Guide
• Steering Committeeo 40 cities and 18 transit agencies
• ITEoComplete Streets Council review
• APTA oSustainable Urban Design Standards
• Independent Technical Review
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics Why transit streets matter
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics Better service = fewer buses needed or faster service
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics
Transit Streets
Stations & Stops
Station & Stop Elements
Transit Lanes & Transitways
Intersections
Transit System Strategies
Resources
-
Transit Street Design Guide TopicsTransit Street Principles
Plans
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics Transit Street Context
Provide service at all scalesNeighborhood‐ provide all week demand and ridership; may be hard to manage transit reliability
Corridor – prioritize transit throughput and pedestrian safety can support higher transit capacity
Downtown‐ shared space making separation of transit from general traffic necessary
Boarding bulbs, careful curbside management…
Opportunity to assign travel lane to transit
Exclusive transit ways, transit signal progressions, near‐level platforms, all door boarding
Opportunities:
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics Neighborhood Street with Bike Lane
1. Convert stops to in‐lane stops
2. Design boarding islands with pedestrian refuges
3. Signal timing4. Position bicyclists using
intersection crossing markings
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics One‐Way transit corridor
1.Place transit and bike lanes on opposite sides of the street
2.Consider turning movement restrictions to minimize auto/transit conflicts
3.Manage curbside loading
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics
Transit Streets
Stations & Stops
Station & Stop Elements
Transit Lanes & Transitways
Intersections
Transit System Strategies
Resources
-
Transit Street Design Guide TopicsStations & Stops Principles
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics
Stop Design Factors
Stop Configurations
-
Transit Street Design Guide TopicsStop placement and lane configuration
-
Transit Street Design Guide TopicsStop placement and lane configuration
Universal Design Elements• Tactile Cues• Lighting• Color• Audible Cues, including for real‐time arrival information
SW Moody Ave, Portland (credit: Teresa Boyle)
ADAAG, PROAG references
-
Transit Street Design Guide TopicsStop placement and lane configuration
Accessible paths and slopes
-
Transit Street Design Guide TopicsStop Configurations Shared Cycle Track Stop
1. Detectable warning strips2. Accessible boarding area for
wheelchair lifts3. Cycletrack wide enough for
maintenance equipment4. Shelter location to minimize
conflicts with bicyclists5. Cyclist visibility at
intersections
-
Transit Street Design Guide TopicsStation & Stop Elements Stop Design Elements Small Transit Shelter Large Transit Shelter Seating Fare Vending Passenger Information & Wayfinding Transit Curbs Bus Pads Green Infrastructure Bike Parking Passenger Queue Management
-
Transit Street Design Guide TopicsStation & Stop Elements/Bike Parking
Critical1.Provide a clear zone around bicycle parking to avoid impeding traffic, including near transit vehicle doors, on adjacent sidewalks, and through long‐term storage facilities.2.If multiple bicycle racks are installed, place them at least 3 feet apart to allow convenient, uncluttered access.
Recommended3.Short‐term bike parking should be located within 50 feet of stop or station entrance, as well as major destinations.
OptionalAt feeders and terminals, long‐term bicycle storage, including bike lockers or cages, provides enhanced security and protection from weather, enabling first‐ and last‐mile trips.
-
Transit Street Design Guide TopicsTransit Lanes and Transitways
Transit lanes delineate space within the roadbed as exclusive, either full- or part-time, and can generate transit benefits with relatively low implementation costs.
Transitways physically separate a portion of the street for transit’s exclusive use, providing high-quality running way at all times.
-
Transit Street Design Guide TopicsTransit Lanes and Transitways
Transit lanes: Offset Transit Lanes Curbside Transit Lanes Rail Line, Side-Running Center Transit Lane Peak-Only Bus Lane Shared Bus-Bike Lane Contraflow Transit Lane
Transitways: Center Transitway Side Transitway
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics Offset transit lane
1. Designate BUS ONLY Lanes with signing and markings (MUTCD 3D‐01)
2. Bus traffic separated from other traffic by solid white lines
3. Install transit bulbs to enable in‐lane stops
4. Consider additional buffer
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics Center Transitway
1. Dedicated transit lanes require median boarding islands in the roadway at each stop.
2. BUS ONLY/LRT ONLY pavement markings (MUTCD 3D‐01) emphasize the lane and deter drivers from using it.
3. Since pedestrians must cross to the center of the street to access stations, safe crossings are critical. See the Urban Street Design Guide for more guidance on crosswalks and crossings.
Dedicated transit lanes require median boarding islands in the roadway at each stop.
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics Center Transitway
4. To avoid conflicts with center‐running transit vehicles, left turns must be either prohibited or accommodated using left‐turn lanes and dedicated signal phases
5. Transit signal heads should be used at intersections to give transit vehicles priority and avoid driver confusion with general traffic signals.
Dedicated transit lanes require median boarding islands in the roadway at each stop.
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics Intersections
Signals and operations• Transit Signal Progression
• Active Transit Signal Priority• Short Signal Cycles• Turn Restrictions
Intersection Design for Transit• Shared Transit/Right turn lane• Right‐turn Pocket• Dropped Transit Lane• Queue jump lane• Transit‐approach lane/Short Transit Lane• Virtual Transit Lane• Bicycle Rail Crossings
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics Intersection Design for Transit
Queue jump lane1. Buses must have access to a lane and ability to reach the front of the queue2. Separate signals3. Near‐side stops require right turns from curbside to be prohibited4. Length of shared head start/right‐turn pocket should be long enough to allow storage of vehicles and allow buses to reach queue jump
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics Network & System Principles
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics Transit System Strategies Principles
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics
Route simplification Benefits: Reducing the number of
turns through complex intersections eliminates delay
Recommendations: Long routes should be designed to mitigate the cumulative impacts of delay
Routing multiple lines to converge on a single corridor can increase frequency and justify higher quality transit
Transit System Strategies
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics
From Stops to Stations
Benefits: longer station spacing reduces dwell time and route efficiency
Recommendations: consolidate existing stops; set stop spacing based on goals for the route:
800 feet apart for local routes, ¼ to ½ mile for rapid lines
Invest in stations, level or near‐level boarding, all door boarding
Network Strategies
-
Transit Street Design Guide Topics
Mobility & Access Counting People
Transit Travel Time
Access to the City
Private Motor Vehicles
Curbside Management
Safety
Public Space & Social Life
Health, Sustainability & Environment
Economic Productivity Business Sales
Development and Redevelopment
Cost Saving and Transit ProductivityAccess to the City: Number of destinations
Performance Measures ‐Measure the whole street