Mycotoxin Survey 2015 Q1

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Mycotoxin Report Survey Report 2015

Figure 1. Prevalence of mycotoxins in different geographic regions according to percentage of positive samples (>limits of quantification)

Afla 4%ZEN 43%DON 39%T-2 4%FUM 35%OTA 2%N

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ZEN 33%DON 69%T-2 22%FUM 24%OTA 8%N

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Afla 3%ZEN 78%DON 86%T-2 28%FUM 70%OTA 10%C

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Afla 0%ZEN 52%DON 56%T-2 34%FUM 24%OTA 29%Ea

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Afla 58%ZEN 71%DON 53%T-2 2%FUM 75%OTA 22%So

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Afla 10%ZEN 44%DON 84%T-2 0%FUM 52%OTA 36%

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Afla 25%ZEN 23%DON 60%T-2 n.a.FUM 75%OTA n.a.So

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Afla 20%ZEN 65%DON 73%T-2 9%FUM 60%OTA 36%So

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Afla 25%ZEN 23%DON 60%T-2 n.a.FUM 75%OTA n.a.

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Afla 96%ZEN 30%DON 39%T-2 0%FUM 70%OTA 83%

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Afla 29%ZEN 5%DON 33%T-2 2%FUM 38%OTA 7%

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16%

31% 54%

Co-occurrence

<limit of detection 1 mycotoxin more than 1 mycotoxin

Mycotoxins are a large and growing family of toxic fungal substances that can occur in various types of commodities intended for food and feed. The BIOMIN Mycotoxin Survey provides an overview on the incidence of aflatoxins (Afla), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FUM) T-2-toxin (T-2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in the primary components used for feed which include corn, wheat, barley, rice, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, dried distillers grains (DDGS) and silage, among others. From January to March 2015, a total of 1,323 samples were analyzed from over 40 different countries around the world. This report summarizes the results of over 4,700 analyses conducted in the first quarter of 2015 and will be followed up by three additional summaries this year.

An overview of the distribution of mycotoxins by region of origin is illustrated in Figure 1:

• The most common mycotoxins are DON and FUM which were detected in 72 % and 59 % of all samples at average levels of 1,683 ppb and 633 ppb, respectively.

• 57 % of all tested samples were contaminated with ZEN at an average concentration of 252 ppb.

• In the first quarter of 2015, 85 % of all samples contained at least one mycotoxin and over half of all samples were co-contaminated (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Number and percentage of contaminated samples from January to March in 2015

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Mycotoxin report

Results by region of origin

Europe Afla ZEN DON T-2 FUM OTANumber samples tested 231 429 646 284 259 227Positive (%) 11 % 72 % 80 % 21 % 59 % 25 %Average of Positive (ppb) 4 298 2176 41 520 5Maximum (ppb) 33 6,177 19,146 403 7589 150

• DON remains in Europe the main concern, as 80 % of the samples were contaminated with this toxin and the highest average DON concentration (2,176 ppb) was also observed in this region.

• 72 % of all European samples contained ZEN at an average of 298 ppb, a concentration that poses a health risk to livestock.• The highest prevalence of T-2 (21 %) was observed in Europe with an average of 41 ppb.• Over half of all European samples were contaminated with FUM at an average of 520 ppb. • Highest singly occurring OTA was observed in a Ukrainian barley sample at 150 ppb, a level that poses a high health risk to poultry.• More than half of all European samples were co-contaminated with more than one mycotoxin.

Asia Afla ZEN DON T-2 FUM OTANumber samples tested 403 401 403 203 348 280Positive (%) 30 % 45 % 66 % 1 % 58 % 29 %Average of Positive (ppb) 51 205 788 9 758 3Maximum (ppb) 1,421 4,543 64,588 18 16,258 37

• In Asia, the most prevalent mycotoxin was DON, present in 66 % of all samples at an average of 788 ppb. The highest singly occurring DON level (64,588 ppb) was detected in a Chinese corn DDGS sample.

• The highest prevalence and average concentration of Afla was observed in Asian samples at 30 % and 51 ppb, respectively. Also the highest singly occurring level of Afla was detected in a ground nut cake sample from Myanmar at 1,421 ppb.

• More than a half of the samples contained FUM (58 %) and ZEN (45 %) at average levels of 758 ppb and 205 ppb, respectively.

North America Afla ZEN DON T-2 FUM OTANumber samples tested 73 77 56 51 57 40Positive (%) 4 % 43 % 39 % 4 % 35 % 5 %Average of Positive (ppb) 3 116 2086 118 407 4Maximum (ppb) 5 589 26,294 223 2773 6

• The most common mycotoxin in North American samples is ZEN with a prevalence of 43 % and an average of 116 ppb. • The average DON level in North American samples was very high at 2,068 ppb, a concentration that poses a high risk to

piglets. • Over half of all North American samples were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin.

South America Afla ZEN DON T-2 FUM OTANumber samples tested 64 28 31 31 48 11Positive (%) 28 % 36 % 13 % 3 % 83 % 27 %Average of Positive (ppb) 19 107 587 3 688 1Maximum (ppb) 138 450 1,188 3 2089 2

• FUM remains the main concern in South America with a prevalence of 83 % and an average FUM concentration of 688 ppb. • The second most common mycotoxin in this region is ZEN which was present in 36 % of the samples at an average concentration of

107 ppb. • Three quarters of all South American samples were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin.

Middle East Afla ZEN DON T-2 FUM OTANumber samples tested 24 39 40 - 24 -Positive (%) 25 % 23 % 60 % - 75 % -Average of Positive (ppb) 1 63 371 - 307 -Maximum (ppb) 2 367 1268 - 2356 -

• The Middle East showed second highest prevalence of FUM as more than two-thirds the samples from this region tested positive for this toxin. Also DON showed a high occurrence (60 %) in this region.

•   One quarter of samples originating from Middle East tested positive for Afla.• 70 % of samples from the Middla East are contaminated with at least one mycotoxin.

> Impressum:Mycotoxin Report is published by BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Paula Kovalsky; Industriestrasse 21, A-3130 Herzogenburg, Austria,

Tel: +43 2782 803-0, Fax: +43 2782 803-11308; e-Mail: office@biomin.net, www.biomin.net, Publisher: Erich Erber

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