my grammar handbook - teachers' production

Lower Primary

Written & illustratect by Zencta Leu ~

VERBS ~~ IDIOMS ·~· ADVERBS ... ~

® ~~

~· ANTONYMS .·; ,,. PROVERBS 1.....--1'<-'

Q'°Q

NOUNS PLACES ~~= - ARTICLES 0 1.1 ••

'11\:i6·; ADJECTIVES .,,·c PRONOUNS ·.,·,,..,, •

· OCCUPATIONS ·. SOUNDS ~:\.)

SIMILES · · 'CONJUNCTIONS

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© Teachers' Produc tion

.~.2.rt.t.~n.t .. ~g·g·~ page

Parts of Speec h I l ,._ ... _ .,,,,_ ,, ... _ .. ,,_ ,,,_ ,, ._ .. ,_ .. ,.,_ .. .,,_ ,.,,_ ,, .. _ ,, - ··-· .. -· .. -· .... -.... -... -... -Nouns 2 -·-···-··-··-···-· ·- ·-.... - ... - ... ·-·-· ·-·-··- ···-··-···-

Common/ Proper Nouns 3 ,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,.,,_ ,,,,_ ,, ,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,

l ,,_ ,,,_ ,,,_ ,.,,_ .,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,_

Gender Nouns 4 - 5 ._,,,_.,,,,_ ,,.,_,,_, ,_.,_,,,_,,,_.,,,,_,._.

I ._,,,_,,,_,,,,_,,,_.,,_

Singular/Plural Nouns 6 - l 0 ,,_,,,,_,,,,,_,,,,,_,,,,,_,,,,_,,, ,,_,,,,_ ..,,,_,,,,,_,,,,,_ ,,,_,,, ,,_,,,_,,,_ ,,,,_,,,,_,,,,_ ,,,_

Collec tive Nouns l l - l 5 ,_,,,_,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,_,,, ,_,,_ .. ,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,_, ,_,,_ ,,,_,,,,_,,,,_,,,,_, .. _

Pronouns l 6 - l 7 ,,_ ,,,_ .. ,,._ ,,, .. _ .. ,,_ ,,,,_ .. ._ .,,._.,, .. _ ... ,,_ .,,,,_ , .. _ ..

l _, .. _ ... _.,,_ .... _ .. ,,_ .. ,,_ ,,,,_

Adjectives l 8 21 -,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,_ ,, .. _ ,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,._ ,, ,_ ,,_ ,,,_ ,,,_ ,,,,_ .,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,_

Verbs 22 - 25 ,_ ,,,_ ,,,,,_ .,,,,_ ,.,,_ ,,,_ ,_ ,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,.,,,_ , .. ,,_ .. ,_ ..

I ,,_ ,,,_ , .. ,_ .. , .. _, .... _ .. ,,_ .. ,_

Adverbs 26 - 27 .. - ... -..... -..... -..... -.... - ... ...-... -..... _, .. ,,_, .. ,,_ .. ,_ ... .. _ .. ,_ .. ,_ .. ,,,_, .. ,_ .... _ .. ,_

Prepositions 28 - 30 .. _ ,,,_,,,_, .. ,,_ .... _ .. ,_ , ·- ... -..... _ .... _ .. ,._ ,,,_ , .. -... -... -.... -...... .... _ .. _ Conjunctions I 31

.. - .. ·- ·····- .. ···-····- .. ··- .. ·- · .. ·- ·· .. ·- ··· .. - ·····- ... - .. "- ···- · .. - ····- ·· .. -· ... - ... -Interjections I 32

·-·····- .. ·- .. - - ·-···-···-····- ··- - ·- ... - ···- .. -· .. -·-Articles 33 - 35 __ ,,_ ,, .. _,, .. ,_ .. ,,,_ ,.,.,_ ,,,,_ ,, ,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,_ , .. ,,_ ,,,.,_ ,,._ ,, _ ,,,_ ,,,,_ .. ,,_ .... ,_ .... ,_ .. ,,_ ,, _ Punc tuation 36 - 37

Adults and their Young 38

Animal Sounds and Motions 39 - 40

Sounds made by Objects 41

Occupations 42 - 43 __ .. _ ,,,_ .. ,,,_ ,,,_,,,_ , ___ ,_ ,_ ,,,,_ ,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,_ ,, w _,,,_ .. _ ,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,_ ,

Places _ 44 - 45 1---.. - ... - ..... _ ,,,,,_ .... ,_ ,,,_ ,, ___ ,_ ,, .. _ ,,,,,_ ... ,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,_ ,, __ _.___,,_, .. _ ... _ .... _ ..... _ .. ,,_ .. ,,

Antonyms 46 - 49

Synonyms 50 - 51

Homop hones 52 - 53

Sim iles 54 - 55

Proverbs 56 - 59 ----·-· .... -... - ... _ ,,, _____ ,,,_ .... _ ... _ ... ,- ... -----·- ···-·· .. -... -... -....

Id ioms 60- 64

ISBN: 981 -04-1 054-9

All the words in the English Language have been divided into groups. These word groups are called the Parts of Speech.

l. Nouns name a person, place, thing, an animal or an idea.

2. Pronouns (/, me, you) are used in place of nouns.

3. Adjectives (short, slow, clever) describe a noun or pronoun.

4. Verbs (is, run, hop) express actions or state of being.

5. Adverbs (slowly, softly, quickly) tell something about a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

6. Prepositions (on, near, over) show how a noun is related to some other words in the sentence.

7. Conjunctions (and, or, because) connect words or groups of words.

8. Interjections (Wow, Oh, Yikes!) show emotions or • surprises .

9 . Articles (a, an, the).

©Teachers' Production Parts of Speech

Nouns ••••••••••••••••••

A noun is a word which names a person, thing, p lace, an animal or an idea.

Person Animal Thing ---t

Annie

M r Wong

carpenter

fireman

friend

girl

John

nurse

teacher

ant

bird

dinosaur

dog

fish

lizard

monkey

tiger

turtle

Place London

Japan

bus-stop

city

home

market

mountain

park

pond

©Teachers' Production CD

bag

bed

building

car •

COin

computer

ribbon

pencil

toy

Idea faith

fear

friendship

happiness 0

~ ~ 4 0 •

hope ~ ()

() ,, • JOY love

sadness

trouble

C? ~ 'I

J

Nouns

G.Q.mm.9..n .. Qn.g .. P..~.QP~r. .. N9~.n~.

Common nouns are the general names of people, animals, places, things or ideas. Common nouns do not start with capital letters.

Proper nouns are the special names of people, animals, places or things. Proper nouns start with capital letters.

Common Nouns

boy

car

continent

country

day

g irl

holiday

island

lake

language

month

mountain

people

place

sea

street

Common & Proper Nouns

- -

Proper Nouns

Benjamin, James

Mercedes, Toyota

Asia, Europe

Singapore, Thailand

Sunday, Tuesday

Joanna, Mary

Christmas Day, National Day

Sentosa, Bali

Lake Toba, Lake Mead

English, Malay

January, July

Mount Everest, Mount Fuji

Singaporean, American

Queenstown, Jurong

Red Sea, South China Sea

Shenton Way, Amoy Street

- - - - -

©Teachers' Production

Gender Nouns ••••••••••• ••••••••••••••• ••• •••••• •• •••••

A noun can be in one of the four genders:

Masculine gender: These are words that describe male creatures (boy, brother, rooster).

Feminine gender : These are words that describe female creatures (girl, sister, hen).

Common gender : These are words that describe either male or female creatures (child, adult, bird).

Neuter gender : These are words that describe things that are neither male nor female (apple, bed).

People

Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine

actor actress landlord landlady

bachelor spinster male female

boy girl man woman

boy scout girl guide master mistress

bridegroom bride monk nun

fiance fiancee salesman salesgirl

gentleman lady • madam Sir

god goddess steward stewardess "

headmaster headmistress tailor seamstress

hero heroine waiter waitress

host hostess widower widow

lad lass wizard witch

©Teachers' Production Gender Nouns

Family

Masculine

brother

daddy

father

grandpa

husband

Royalty

count

duke

emperor

heir

Animals

boar

billy-goat

buck-rabbit

buck (deer)

bull

cock

colt

dog

drone

drake

fox


Feminine

sister

mummy

mother

grandma

wife

countess

duchess

empress

heiress

sow

nanny-goat

doe-rabbit

doe

cow

hen

filly

bitch

bee

duck .

vixen

Masculine I Feminine

nephew

papa

son

step-father

uncle

His Majesty

king

lord •

prince

gander

he-bear

leopard

lion

peacock

ram

stag

stallion

tom cat

tiger

he-wolf

I

I

• niece

mama

daughter

step-mother

aunt

Her Majesty

queen

lady •

princess

goose

she-bear 1 leopardess

lioness

peahen

ewe

hind

mare

tabby cat

tigress

she-wolf

Gender Nouns

A singular noun is used for ONE person, animal, thing, place or idea.

A plural noun is used for MORE THAN ONE person, animal, thing, place or idea.

Re ular Plural Nouns

1. By adding an 's' to the singular nouns:

Singular Plural Singular Plural apple apples hand hands

bag bags leg legs

banana bananas pencil pencils

book books school schools

cake cakes stamp stamps

cow cows street streets

girl girls table tables

2. By adding 'es' to nouns ending in 'ch, sh, s and x':

batch batches match matches

beach beaches patch patches

bench benches peach peaches

branch branches punch punches

brooch brooches sandwich sandwiches

bunch bunches stitch stitches

church churches torch torches

couch couches watch watches

Singular & Plural Nouns ©Teachers' Production

Singular

ash

brush

bush

boss

bus

class

dress

box

fox

Plural

ashes

brushes

bushes

bosses

buses

classes

dresses

boxes

foxes

Singular

dish

flash

wish

gas

glass

guess

kiss

sex

tax

3. By adding 'es' to nouns ending in 'o':

Plural

dishes

flashes

wishes

gases

glasses

guesses

kisses

sexes

taxes

------------~

buffalo buffaloes mango

cargo

echo

hero

cargoes

echoes

heroes

mosquito

potato

tomato

mangoes

mosquitoes

potatoes

tomatoes

Some nouns do not follow this rule. By adding an 's' to nouns such as musical terms, words of Spanish origin or nouns ending in 'o' (with a vowel just before the o):

banjo banjos studio studios

dynamo dynamos taco tacos

photo photos zoo zoos • •

cuckoo cuckoos piano pianos

piccolo piccolos igloo igloos

radio radios tattoo tattoos

©Teachers' Production Singular & Plural Nouns

4. By changing nouns ending in 'f' or 'fe' to 'ves':

Singular Plural Singular

calf calves shelf

elf elves thief

half halves wolf

leaf leaves knife

loaf loaves lite

scarf scarves wife

There are some exceptions:

chef chefs proof

chief chiefs puff

cliff cliffs reef

giraffe giraffes roof

handkerchief handkerchiefs sate

5. By changing nouns ending in 'y' to 'ies':

army

baby

body

c ity

enemy

laboratory

lady

library

Singular & Plural Nouns

. armies

babies

bodies

cities •

enemies

laboratories

ladies

libraries

lorry

pony

puppy

story

cry

fly

fry

sky

Plural

shelves

thieves

wolves

knives

lives •

wives

proofs

puffs

reefs

roofs

sates

lorries •

ponies •

puppies

sto ries •

cries

flies

fries

skies


By adding an 's' if the letter before 'y ' is a vowel:

Singular Plural Singular Plural

day days donkey donkeys

way ways key keys

boy boys monkey monkeys • •

JOY JOYS storey storeys

toy toys turkey turkeys

chimney chimneys valley valleys

Irregular Plural Form ..................... ----~...,,._ ____ -1 . Some plural nouns are formed by changing the vowels:

foot feet policeman policemen

goose geese tooth teeth

man men woman wom en

2. Some plural nouns do not follow any rules :

cactus cacti louse lice

fungus fungi .

mouse mice

child children ox oxen

3. Compound nouns form their plurals by adding an 's' to the most important word in the compound:

maid -servant

man-of-war

mother-in-law

mouse-trap

passer-by

step-son


m aid-servants

men-of-war

mothers-in-law

mouse-traps

p assers-by

step-sons


4. Compound nouns that are used as adjectives do not have an 's' added to them:

a five-day week

a seven-storey build ing

a six-year-old child

a ten-dollar note

a thirty-cent stam p

a twenty-cent coin

5. Some nouns have their singular and plural form alike:

Singular Plural Singular Plural

aircraft aircra ft fish fish I fishes

cattle cattle fru it fruit I fruits

Chinese Chinese sheep sheep

deer deer trout trout

6. Some nouns are used only in the plural form:

'

I

~------~

chopsticks mumps shorts

clothes pants slacks

drawers •

Jeans

measles

• p incers • pyjamas

• scissors

spectacles

tongs

trousers

7. Some nouns are used only in the singular form:

advice

c lothing

fun

furniture

help


information

luggage

machinery

poetry

scenery

silver

stationery

traffic

water

young


Collective Nouns ...•.. ..... ............... •.. ...•.. .. .. ••. ... •... ,

A collective noun is a word used to group people, animals, p laces, things, or ideas.

~P_e_o_p_l_e~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~o~~'~ilv-~ r an army of soldiers #'"'"

Jl

a band of musicians I robbers

a bevy of beauties I ladies

a choir of singers

a class of pupils I students

a company of actors I actresses

a crew of sailors

a crowd of spectators

a flood of visitors

a gang of thieves I robbers I labourers

a host of angels

a panel of doctors I judges

a staff of servants I teachers

a team of players (\ ~)l

a troupe of acrobats I dancers I performers

assembly

audience

congregation

crowd

queue

spectators


people at a hall or meeting

people at a concert, lecture or play

people in a place of worship, like a church

a large number of people together

people lining up to enter a place, to get on a bus or to buy something

people watching a game or an event

Collective Nouns - People

Animals .--

an ambush of tigers

an army of ants

a brood of chickens

a flight of swallows

a flock of birds I sheep

a gaggle of geese

a herd of buff aloes I cattle I e lephants I reindeer I zebras

a litter of kittens I puppies

a nest of rabbits I m ice I ants

a pack of wolves

a parcel of penguins

a plague of insects I locusts

a pod of whales I seals

a pride of lions

a school of whales I fish

a shoal of herring I fish

a stud of horses

a swarm of bees I flies I insects

a team of oxen

a troop of monkeys I kangaroos 0

-· ----0

--.. -

Collective Nouns - Animals

~. ~ • 0 •


Things .--

an album of photographs I stamps

a ball of thread I string

a bale of cotton I wool

a block of flats I wood

a bouquet of f lowers

a bowl of rice I soup

a bunch of g rapes I keys

a bundle of rags I sticks

a carton of drinks I canned food

a chain of events I is lands I shops

a chest of drawers

a cluster of diamonds I stars I trees

a collection of antiques I books I p ictures I stamps

a comb of bananas

a crate of fruit I crockery

a fleet of b uses I cars I ships

a flight of aeroplanes I stairs I steps

a flood of ideas I lights I tears

a forest of trees

a heap of rubbish I ruins I stones

©Teachers' Production Collective Nouns - Things

Things .--

a kit of tools

a library of books

a list of names I words

a loaf of bread

a pack of cards I lies

a packet of sugar I sweets

a pair of socks I shoes I trousers I scissors

a piece of cake I meat I cloth

a pile of books I money I rubbish I stones

a pot of coffee I tea I honey

a puddle of water

a series of books I events I lectures I talks

a quiver of arrows

a set of books I china I furniture I tools

a shelf of books

a shower of blessings I praises

a stack of books I money I hay I sticks

a string of beads I pearls

a suit of clothes

a suite of furniture I rooms

a tray of eggs

a tuft of grass I hair

a volley of bullets I stones

a wad of bank notes

Collective Nouns - Things ©Teachers' Production

Things in Small Amounts .--

-

a beam of light

a blade of g rass

a blob of paint

a crumb of bread

a dab of colour

a dash of pepper I sauce

a dollop of jam

a drop of water I rain I tear

a grain of rice I sugar

a lock of hair

a lump of butter

an ounce of energy

a piece of paper

a pinch of salt

a puff of perfume

a ray of light

a scrap of food I paper

a shred of cloth

a sip o f water

a speck of dirt I dust

a splinter of wood

a spoonful of sugar I salt I medicine

a whiff of air I wind

a wisp of smoke


" -• • (

a lock of hair

a sip of water

Collective Nouns - Things

Pronouns ...•.. .................... ,

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.

The tables below are some examples of pronouns. Personal Pronouns Possessive Reflexive

Subject Object Pronouns Pronouns - -I •

myself me m ine

you you yours yourself ,__

he him his himself

she her hers herself

we us ours ourselves I·

they them theirs themselves

~ Personal Pronouns are used for people: They are looking tor you.

~ Possessive Pronouns are used to indicate who owns the objects or ideas: These coins are yours.

~ Reflexive Pronouns are used to refer to the personal pronouns: We did the work ourselves.

Demonstrative Pronouns tr"'·~~~ 'b this What is this? This is a ball. "·. -~\ .._,r-.... ~ \ .... '-

~I {" ,,('7 l ,, ; ~ \ '~ ( :

that What is that? That is a monkey. , ·,_s ' ----'-- - j

~

these What are these? These are mangoes.

those What a re those? Those are tadpoles .

~ This and these are used for people, things or a nimals which are near the speaker.

~ That and those are used for people, things or animals which are further away from the speaker.

Pronouns @ ©Teachers' Production

Interrogative Pronouns are used to ask questions . .-

What What are you holding in you r hands?

Which Which of these shirts is his?

Who

Whom

Whose

Who is in the room?

For whom are you baking the cakes?

Whose are these?

Relative Pronouns take the place of nouns. They are used to join two sentences into one.

Who

Which

That

Whose

Whom

What

Note:

I know the boy who is waiting outside our house.

My father bought a shirt which cost a hundred dollars .

This is the toy that my brother wanted.

She is the girl whose parents are teachers.

That is the neighbour with whom we shared the garden.

He has not decided what to buy for his mother.

./ Who is usually used for persons .

./ Which is used for animals and things .

./ That is used for persons , animals and things .

./ What refers to things only.

©Teachers' Production Pronouns

An adjective is a describing word . It tells you more about a noun.

G.~m~.-9.f.A~ We compare adjectives in different ways .

./ Positive form When we do not compare a noun or an object with anyone or anything, we use the positive form:

Jason is a tall boy .

./ Comparative form When we compare two persons, places, things or ideas we use the comparative form:

Chee Beng is taller than Jason .

./ Superlative form When we compare more than two persons, p laces, things or ideas we use the superlative form:

Raj is the tallest of them all.

-Positive Comparative

brave braver large larger

late later safe safer simple simpler white whiter

wide wider • • wise wiser -

Adjectives

-

Superlative

bravest largest latest

safest simplest whitest

widest wisest


'-

Positive

black bright

clean clever cold

dark dear deep fair fast great green

hard high

kind light long

low narrow near

new

old poor proud quick rich

sharp short slow


---Comparative

blacker brighter

cleaner cleverer colder darker dearer

deeper fairer faster greater greener

harder higher kinder lighter longer

lower narrower nearer

newer

o lder poorer prouder quicker richer

sharper shorter slower

®

--Superlative

blackest brightest

cleanest cleverest coldest darkest dearest

deepest fairest fastest greatest greenest

hardest highest kindest lightest longest

lowest narrowest nearest

newest

o ldest poorest

proudest quickest richest

sharpest shortest ,.- ~ slowest r ~ .. ~11

Adjectives

Positive Comparative Superlative '-- - - -

small smaller smallest smooth smoother smoothest

strong stronger strongest

sweet sweeter sweetest tall taller tallest thick thicker thickest

warm warmer warmest

young younger youngest

busy busier busiest dirty dirtier dirtiest dry drier driest

• easiest easy easier funny funnier funniest happy happier happiest healthy healthier healthiest heavy heavier heaviest lazy lazier laziest lucky luckier luckiest naughty naughtier naughtiest

• • • noisiest noisy no1s1er pretty prettier prettiest

tiny tinier tiniest ugly uglier ugliest wealthy wealthier wealthiest

Adjectives ©Teachers' Production

Positive

big fat

hot mad red sad

thin wet

beautiful careful comfortable

courteous difficult

• expensive honest important

interesting powerful useful

wonderful

bad good little

many/much


'

Comparative

bigger fatter

hotter madder redder sadder thinner

wetter

more beautifu l more careful

more comfortable more courteous more difficult

• more expensive more honest more important more interesting

more powerful more useful more wonderful

worse better less

more

Superlative

biggest fattest

hottest maddest reddest saddest

thinnest wettest

most beautiful most careful most comfortable

most courteous most difficult most expensive most honest most important most interesting

most powerful most useful most wonderful

worst best least

most

Adjectives

Verbs •••••••••••••••••

A verb is a doing word. A verb tells us what a person or thing does.

Forms of Verbs

Simple Present Albert eats an egg every day. . ... . . -• - 1

Simple Past Albert ate an egg yesterday. 0 ,, r _,,.

Past Participle Albert has eaten a n egg. • I -

Table of Verbs

Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle • been am, 1s was

are were been does, do did done has, have had had

become became become begin began begun bend bent bent bite bit bitten blow b lew blown break broke broken bring b rought brought build built built buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come dig dug dug draw drew drawn

Verbs ©Teachers' Production

-

Simple Present

drink

drive eat fall

feed feel fight

find fly forget forgive get

• give

go grow hear

hide keep know leave

lose make meet pay ride

• ring • rise

run ------


Simple Past

drank d rove

ate fell

fed felt fought

found flew forgot forgave got gave

went grew

heard

hid kept

knew left

lost made met paid rode rang

rose ran

-----

Past Participle

drunk ~~·~

driven eaten fallen

fed felt fought

found flown forgotten forgiven got

• given

gone grown

heard

hidden kept

known left lost

made met paid ridden rung

• risen run

... -

Verbs

-

Simple Present

say see

sell send

sew shake shine

shoot show

• sing sink

sit sleep

speak spend stand

steal • swim • swing

take

teach tear tell think throw wake

wear write

Verbs

Simple Past

said saw

sold sent

sewed shook shone

shot showed sang sank

sat slept

spoke spent stood

stole swam swung took taught

tore told thought threw

woke wore wrote

Past Participle

said seen

sold sent

sewn shaken shone

shot shown sung sunk

sat slept

spoken spent stood

stolen swum swung

taken taught

torn told thought

thrown waked I woken worn written


In the following table, the Simple Past and Past Partic iple of the verbs end in 'ed' or 'ied'.

Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle

add added added ask asked asked look looked looked talk talked talked wait waited waited carry carried carried copy copied copied cry cried cried hurry hurried hurried marry married married study studied studied

In the following table, the Simple Present, Simple Past and Past Participle have the same form.

cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt let let let put put put read read read set set set shut shut shut

©Teachers' Production Verbs

Adverbs ••••••••••• •••••••••••••

An adverb tells us how, when or where an action takes place.

How?

When?

Where?

She sings beautifully.

The storm began suddenly.

He searched everywhere for his dog.

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive form

Comparative form

Superlative form

Table of Adverbs

Positive

early

fast

hard

near

late

long

soon

Adverbs

Hassan came late .

Harry came later than Hassan.

Ghani cam e latest.

Comparative Superlative

earlier earliest

faster fastest

harder hardest

nearer nearest

later latest

longer longest

sooner soonest


Usually adverbs ending with 'ly' form the comparative by adding more and superlative by adding most.

Positive I Comparative Superlative

angrily more angrily most angrily bravely more bravely most bravely carefully more carefully most carefully clearly more clearly most clearly easily more easily most easily loudly more loudly most loudly neatly more neatly most neatly quickly more quickly

I •

most quickly happily more happily most happily sadly more sadly most sadly merrily more merrily most merri ly

These comparative and superlative forms of adverbs do not follow any rules.

-

Positive Comparative Superlative

badly worse worst far farther farthest late later latest I last little less least much more most well better best

There are some adverbs which have no comparison form:

almost

not

then


everywhere

now

there

half

once

twice

here

seldom

very

Adverbs

J

A

C D G

./ Cat A and Cat B are on the table .

./ Cat F is in the drawer .

./ Cat Dis between Cat C and Cat E .

./ Cat E is beside the table .

./ Cat G is under the table.

./ Cat His behind the table .

./ Cat J jumps over the table.

B oo

H

Where?

The words on, in, between, beside, under, behind and over show the relation between the cats and the table. Such words are called prepositions .

Prepositions ©Teachers' Production

Here are some prepositions that show Position.

above Look! The plane is flying above the clouds.

against Please don't lean against the ladder.

among

around

at

behind

beneath

beside

between • In

in front of

near

on

over

under

I found a watch among the bushes.

He put up a fence around the farm .

He is waiting at the door.

Malcom is hiding behind the tree .

There is a bag beneath his chair.

His house is beside the pond.

John sits between his two sisters in the car.

She is waiting in the room .

My school is in front of a park.

Is there a post-office near your home?

The book is on the shelf.

The dog jumped over the drain.

The farmer is resting under the shelter.

©Teachers' Production Prepositions

Here are some prepositions that show Direction.

across The deer ran swiftly across the field.

along The boys were running along the beach.

down Chee Beng got down the bus in a hurry.

from

into

off

through

to

up

He walks home from school every day.

He rushed into the office without knocking.

The man fell off the bus before it could stop.

He threw a ball through the window.

Can you show m e the way to the taxi stand?

Jack and Jill went up the hill.

\11

\II/ \\II .. , \lei, "'

\1• 1 \\IJ

\ It '''

Here are some prepositions that show Time.

after I had a stomachache after eating the food .

at She was home at three o'clock.

before She arrived here before noon.

by The boys will be back by tonight.

for Polly stayed with her grandma for a week.

in She usually jogs in the morning.

on Michael did not come to school on Monday.

ti 11 I s I e pt ti 11 I u n ch time .

upon The old man lived here once upon a time.

Prepositions @ ©Teachers' Production

Conjunctions are joining words. They are also called linking words or connectors.

Here is a list of conjunctions which are commonly used:

and Sally and Cindy are sleeping.

although He did not cry although he was hurt.

as

because

but

As he was late, I went without him.

He is fat because he eats too much.

I shouted but he did not hear me.

either ... or You may drink either milk or fruit juice.

if We shal l have a picnic if it does not rain.

or Does he like coffee or tea?

since We shall forgive her since she is sorry.

so They were tired so they left early.

so that I shouted so that he could hear me.

then I brush my teeth then I comb my hair.

unless You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.

until You must wait here until your mother comes.

whenever The baby cries whenever she is hungry.

whether I'm not sure whether he is sick.

while The phone rang while I was cooking. '

a S C."'00 L

©Teachers' Production Conjunctions

An interjection is a word or a group of words that expresses strong feelings or surprise. It is usually added on to the beginning of a sentence and can be followed by a comma or an exclamation mark.

Common Interjections:

Ah Ah! This is much better.

Aha

Good grief

Hey

Hurray

My goodness

Oh

Oh no

Oops

Ouch

Ugh

Whew

Wow

Yes -

Interjections

Aha! Here they are!

Good grief! Why aren't you out of bed?

Hey, keep off the g rass!

Hurray, we are the champions!

My goodness! You ate up all the chocolates!

Oh, what a lovely day!

Oh no ! We ' II never finish our work in time!

Oops! I have dropped my ring.

Ouch! You stepped on my toes.

Ugh! There is a worm in the apple.

Whew, that was close!

Wow, look at those diamonds!

Yes ! You've got it right !


Articles ...•.. ..... .......... ,

We use 'a ' or 'an ' for singular countable nouns.

~ We use 'a ' before a word which begins with a consonant sound.

a b oy

a c at

a dog

a fan

a goat

a hat • O JUg

a kite

a lion

a m ug

a nest • a p enguin

a queue

a rat

a song

a tap

a vase

a w atch

a xylophone

a yolk

a zebra


a b rave hero

a c areless pupil

a d elicious ice cream

a fierce eagle

a good idea

a ho t pie

a Japanese lantern

a kind nurse

a loving fat her

a m orning walk

a new bed

a p oor kitten

a quiet mouse

a red apple

a sailing boat

a ta ll building

a v ain girl

a w eak heart

a Xerox machine

a yellow bus • a zippy car

0

0 0

,,, , ,

Articles

)lo> Although the following words begin with a vowel, they have a beginning consonant sound:

a Eurasian

a European

a ukelele

• a unicorn

a uniform

a unique thing

a university

a useful tool

a U-turn

);;- We use 'an ' before a word which begins with a vowel sound or a silent 'h' .

a

e • I

0

h u

a e I

0

h

u

x

Articles

an apple

an egg

an island

an orange

an hour

an umbrella

an angry bul l

an e a rly reply

an iced drink

an open window

an honorable judge

an ugly monster

an x-ray machine

an army

an eagle

an insect

an oven

an honest man

an uncle

•


~ We use 'a ' or 'an ' when we refer to something for the first time.

We use 'the ' when we refer to the same thing again.

I saw a girl with an elephant. l, ...........

Late0 the girl rode on the elephant.

A boy came with a banana. r r.

Q "

He fed the banana to the elephant. II

~ We use 'the ' when there is only one such thing. We a lso use 'the ' before a superlative form of an adjective.

The sun is hot. Joshua points to the moon. This is the shortest way to the airport.

, - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, ·,

"

, ' , ' , . the equator the centre the earliest the moon the east/west the cleverest the North Pole the north/south the fattest

: the sky the right/left the best/worst l • • . ' 1 the sun the top/bottom the most/least j . , ', ,

' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------''

~ We use 'the ' before the names of rivers , mountains, oceans and particular places:

,----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, ' , ' , ' the Atlantic Ocean the Keppel Harbour the Black Sea the Lido Cinema the Himalayas the Mandarin Hotel the Singapore River the National Library ' • •

\ ' ' , ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;

©Teachers' Production Articles

Punctuation •••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••••• •

~ The capital letter is used to start a sentence: He is happy.

All proper nouns also begin with a capital letter: Monda~ Vincent/ China/ Prime Minister

When we quote something, we also use a capital letter:

She said "The dog is vefY sick. //

Titles of books, poems and newspapers are written like these:

Three l ittle Pigs/ The Straits limes

When we refer to ourselves, we use the capital 'I': My sister and I went to Sentosa last week.

~ The full-stop { . ) is used to mark the end of a sentence:

She puts fresh flowers into the vase.

~ The comma { , ) is used to separate words in a list: Mother bought eggs/ vegetables/ fish and meat.

It is also used to separate a quotation from the rest of the sentence:

My aunt said, 'Zet/s go shopping.//

When we want to show a pause in passage or sentence, we also use a comma:

While she was dfYing her clothes, her mother called.

Punctuation @ ©Teachers' Production

)lo> The question Mark ( ? ) is used a t the end of a question:

Do you want to buy this bag? $49

)lo> The apostrophe ( ' ) is used in contractions : can't/ couldn't/ hasn't won't o 'clock

It is also used to show ownership or p ossession: John's book the girls' dolls/ children's toys

)lo> The exclamation mark ( ! ) is used after interjections or words which show surprise:

Wow/ Ohl Ahal Hurray/ Help/ Ouchi

o~ 0 ~\W~rP~U~~ ~ 5P 1 \') 0 ~

0 .. 9 0

)lo> The quotation marks ( " .... " ) are used in d irect speech to enclose the words spoken by a person:

Jenny said "I would like to have a cup of tea. " "Stop that thief!" said the policeman.

©Teachers' Production Punctuation

A.g.Y,t! .. g.n9 .. t.b..~t~ .. Y..9..~.IJ.9

People

Adult

emperor, empress

father, mother

king, queen

man, woman, parent

-. .

Animals

Adult 1 Young

bear I

cub

bird nestling

butterfly caterpillar

cat kitten

chicken chick

cow calf

dog puppy

duck duckling

eagle eaglet

elephant calf

fish fry

fox cub

frog, toad tadpole

Adults and their Young

Young • • prince, princess

son, daughter • • prince, princess

baby, child

__.. ----•

-

Adult

goat

goose

horse

leopard

lion

moth

mosquito

owl • pig

sheep

swan

tiger

wolf

Young

kid

gosling

foal

cub

cub

caterpillar

wriggler

owlet

piglet

lamb

cygnet

cub

cub


Animal Sounds and Motions ••••••••••• ••••••••••••••• ••• •••••• •• ••••• ••• ••••••••••••••• •••• •••••••••••••••••

Animals make sounds and motions unique to their kind.

Animal Sound Motion

bear growls lumbers

bee hums I buzzes flits

beetle d rones crawls

bird chirps flies

bull bellows charges

cat meows I purrs steals

cock crows struts

cow lows I moos wanders

crow caws flaps

dog barks I growls runs

donkey b rays trots

dove coos flutters

duck quacks waddles

eagle screams swoops

elephant trumpets ambles

frog croaks leaps

hen cackles I clucks struts

horse neighs gallops - -~

'J

~-.,... . 45?41..dfi\J•-..... ©Teachers' Production @ Animals Sounds and Motions

Animal Sound Motion

hyena laughs prowls

lamb bleats frisks

lark • sings soars

lion roars prowls

monkey chatters c limbs

mouse squeaks scampers

owl hoots swoops

parrot talks I screeches flutters

person talks walks • grunts I squeals trots pig • flutters pigeon coos

rabbit squeals leaps

robin chirps hops

seagul l screams glides

snake hisses glides I slithers

sparrow c hirps flits

swallow twitters dives

turkey gobbles struts

wolf howls lopes

f

Animals Sounds and Motions ©Teachers' Production

~9~.~9~ ... mgg~ ... P..Y. .. 9.P.j~ft.~.

Object Sound Object Sound aeroplane zooms hinges creak

bell peals I rings hoofs thunder

brake grinds I screeches

horn toots I hoots

bugle calls kettle sings I whistles

cane whacks leaves rustle I whisper

chain clanks I rattles paper crinkle I rustle

clock ticks I chimes raindrops patter • clinks coin - wails siren - jingle coins steam hisses -

cork pops telephone -rings

door bangs I slams thunder c laps I roars

drum beats I rolls train rumbles •

throbs I purrs engine trumpet blares I toots

explosion blasts watch ticks

feet shuffle I stamp water laps I drips I splashes

glass tinkles whip cracks I lashes

guitar strums whistle shrieks

gun booms wind howls I sighs

heart throbs I beats wood creaks

I...• --

©Teachers' Production Sounds made by Objects

architect

artist

artiste

astronaut

author

barber

bellboy

blacksmith

butcher

carpenter

chef

cobbler

curator

dentist

doctor

explorer

farmer

fishmonger

florist

fruiterer

grocer

hawker

invigilator

• ironmonger

Occupations

draws the designs of buildings

draws, paints or makes sculptures

sings, dance or acts in public

travels to space

writes books

c uts his customers' hair

works in a hotel and carries the guests' luggage

makes things out of iron

kills animals, cuts them up and sells the meat

makes things out of wood ~"""' {! -~ -

.___...._~

cooks in a restaurant

mends shoes

is in charge of a museum or art gallery

examines and treats people's teeth

treats people who are ill

makes journeys of discovery

works on a fa rm

sells fish

sells flowers

sells fruit

sells dried food , preserved food and other household products

sells food or goods in the streets or at food centres

watches over people taking examinations to prevent cheating

deals in iron and other metal goods


journalist

lawyer

librarian • • mag1c1an

mechanic

newsagent

plumber

policeman

porter

-I

postman

principal

referee

reporter

sailor

shepherd

soldier

surgeon

tailor

teacher

undertaker

veterinarian

waiter

warden

zoologist

zoo keeper


writes articles for newspapers or magazines

defends people in a court of law

is in charge of a library

is an entertainer who performs magic tricks

repairs motor vehicles and machines

sells newspapers

repairs pipes a nd fixtu res in buildings

maintains law and order

carries travellers' bags at airports, railway stations and hotels

delivers letters and parcels

is in charge of a school

is a judge of a game

writes about events for a newspaper, radio or television

works on a ship

looks after sheep •

serves 1n an army

performs operations in a hospital

makes c lothes

teaches pupils

manages funerals

treats sick animals

serves food and drinks in a restaurant

guards the prisons

: I

is an expert in animals and their behaviour

looks after animals in a zoo

Occupations

Places •••••••••••••••••••

• apiary

• aquarium

auditorium

• aviary

abattoir

arsenal

art gallery

bakery

barn

barracks

church • cinema

creche

den

dock

factory

garage

• gymnasium

hangar

Places

I where bees are kept

where fish and other marine animals are kept and reared or exhibited

where people go to see plays or listen to music, lectures, ...

where birds are kept

where animals are slaughtered

where weapons and explosives are made and stored

where art works are exhibited

where bread and cakes are made

a farm building where crops and food for animals are stored or for keeping animals in

where soldiers live

where Christians worsh ip

where films are shown

where young children are looked after while their parents are at work

home of the lions

where ships are built or repaired

where things a re made

where cars are kept or repaired

a special hall that has equipment for physical exercises

where aeroplanes are kept and repaired


hospital

hotel

igloo

incinerator

jail

kennel

laundry

library

market

mint

mosque

museum

orchard

orphanage

pound

quay

restaurant • reservoir

sty

stable

theatre

vineyard

zoo


where sick people are treated

where travellers may stay for the night

the house of an Eskimo

where rubbish is burnt

where prisoners are locked up

a house built for a dog

where clothes are washed and ironed

where books a re kept for public reading

where meat and vegetables are sold

where coins are made

where Muslims worship

where historical things of value are exhibited

where fruit trees are grown

a house for orphans

where stray animals are kept

where boats are loaded and unloaded

where people may buy food and drinks

where water is collected and stored

where pigs are kept

a house for a horse

a hall where plays are acted on stage

a piece of land p lanted with grapevines for wine production

where animals are kept and exhibited

Places

A.nt9..nYm.~ An antonym is a word that means the opposite to another word.

Description/ Action

absent present broad narrow

accept reject buy sell

add subtract cheap • expensive -

[dirty a live dead clean

all none clever stupid

answer question coarse fine

asleep awake come go • depart arrive common rare

attack defend cool warm

beautiful ugly cry laugh

bad good dangerous safe

before after dark bright -begin end dead alive

bent straight deep jshallow

better worse die live

big small divide multiply

b lack white dry wet

blunt sharp easy difficult

bold timid empty fu II

borrow lend fair dark

bright dark/dull false true

• Cl

.0 •

Antonyms ©Teachers' Production

Description/ Action famous

fat

fertile

few

find

finish

first

foolish

forget

fresh

f u II generous

• give

good

happy

hard

hide

high

hot

humble • increase • •

JO In •

JOY • •

1un1or kind

lazy

land

lead

light __ __..


unknown

thin barren

many

lose

start

last .

wise

remember

stale

empty selfish

take

bad

sad

soft

show

low

cold

proud decrease

separate

sorrow •

senior

c ruel

hardworking

water

follow

heavy

long

lost

loud

love

most

more

neat

never

new .

noisy

obey open

pass

peace

polite

question

quick

rich

right .

rise rough

sharp

smile

sober

strong

success

sweet

talk

tall

short

found

soft

hate

least

less

untidy ,_

always

old

quiet

command close

fail

war

rude I--

answer

slow ,_

poor

wrong

fall smooth

blunt

frown

l drunk weak

I--

failure

bitter

listen

short

Antonyms

Description/ Action

teach learn

these those

thick thin

this that

tight loose

tiny huge

true false

People

actor audience

adult child

author reader

competitors spectators

doctor patient -

driver passenger

employer employee

everybody nobody

father son

friend enemy, foe

giant dwarf

guardian ward

hero coward

Antonyms

victory I defeat

white f black

wide narrow

wild ___ L tame •

Win • wise

work

host

leader

male

master •

miser

motorist

mother

parent

policeman

shopkeeper

speaker

teacher

young

I

lose

foolish

rest

guest

follower

female

servant

spendthrift

pedestrian

daughter

child

thief

customer

listener

pupil

old


Direction

above below .

out In • depart inside outside arrive

come go left right

east west north south

entrance exit nowhere somewhere

far near over under

forward backward top bottom

front back up down

here there upper lower

Time

before after • •

morning evening

day night now then

dawn dusk often seldom -

early late present past ...__

ever never summer winter

©Teachers' Production Antonyms

~Y.'1.9.D.Ym.~.

A synonym is a word with the same meaning or nearly the same meaning as another word.

affectionate loving comprehend understand

aid help conceal hide

ally friend conclude end

ancient old constable policeman

annually yearly conversation talk

attire clothes courage bravery

assemble gather courteous polite

astonish • • sly surprise cunning

bad evil daring brave

beautiful attractive dangerous risky

begin start dear •

expensive

behaviour conduct deceive cheat

beverages drinks decrease reduce

blank empty demonstrate show

big large difficult hard

bottom I base disease sickness

bright shining eager keen

brief I short • earn gain

broad wide educate teach

cautious carefu l emperor king

cease stop enemy foe

centre middle enormous huge choose select fall drop

clever intelligent famous well-known

close near fatal deadly

coarse rough fault error

Synonyms ©Teachers' Production

feeble weak peculiar strange

fight battle profit • gain

gather collect powerful strong

gay cheerful protect guard

glance look purchase buy

habit custom quantity amount

halt stop quiet silent

help assist rank position

heroic brave rapid quick

home residence remedy cure

imitate copy remember recollect • • ask reluctant unwilling 1nqu1re

intention purpose reveal show

interior inside rich wealthy • •

unite I wander JO In roam

large huge robust strong

lean thin sadness sorrow

loyal true safe secure

mad angry/crazy slender slim •

border small little margin • most smell scent maximum

• •

least squander waste m1n1mum -

modern new stern strict

moist damp stubborn obstinate

narrate tell summit top

obey respect thief burglar

odour smell tiny small

often frequent trust believe

option choice vacant empty

©Teachers' Production Synonyms

A homophone is a word that sounds the same as another word but is different in spelling and meaning.

•

heir air foo l tu II

aloud allowed fou l fowl

ate eight four tore

bare bear grown groan -

bean been hair hare

blew blue hall haul

board bored heal heel

boy buoy hear here

brake break higher hire

buy by, bye him hymn

cent sent/scent hole whole

cheap cheep hour our

coarse course key quay •

crews cruise knew new

dear deer knight night

die dye knot not

fair tare loan lone

flea flee made maid

~ hare

(

~h . a ir

Homophones ©Teachers' Production

-

mail • main

meat

muscle

none

pail •

pain .

pair

pause

peace

principal • ring

road

root

rose

sail

sea

sew

-

male

mane

meet

mussel

nun

pale

pane

pear

paws •

piece

principle .

wring

rode

route

rows

sale

see

so, sow

'\ I

:o'-Oo 0

, \

sun


-

0 0

sight

sole

son

soot

stair

stationary

tail

their

throne

too • vain

waist

wait

weak

won

wood

write

you

son

site

soul

sun

suit

stare

stationery

tale

there

thrown

two • vein

waste

weight

week

one

would

right

ewe

Homophones

Similes ••••••••••• •••••••••

Similes compare 2 things with similar qualities.

Animals

as agile as a monkey

as blind as a bat

as brave as a lion

as busy as an ant I bee

as crafty I cunning as a fox

as fast I swift as a deer

as fat as a pig

as fierce as a lion

as gentle as a lamb/ dove as graceful as a swan

as greedy as a pig

as hairy as a gorilla

as happy as a lark

as heavy as an elephant

as hungry as a wolf I bear

as playful as a puppy

as poor as a church mouse

as proud as a peacock

as quiet as a mouse

as slippery as an eel

as slow as a snail I tortoise

as strong as an ox

as stubborn as a mule I donkey

as timid as a mouse

as wise as an owl

Similes

:s. I• • ~~ .... ... . , .. ' ' . .. . ..

... "' .. : . '· . -. .. . '-'· , . ' .. .' I \ .

:; ... -./,. ! i '\ • d> ..... , ,rn ; ~

• . 1-'11'' • , ...._,,, I / " ......... , ·~.) ··~ ... _.,,,,,

•


People .--

as happy as a king

as helpless as a baby

as kind as a mother

as mad as a hatter

,. .. A

0 I

,,.....,;' , ,

as strong as Hercules I Samson

as tall as a giant -as w ise as Solomon

Things

as alike as two peas

as bitter as medicine

as black as coal I soot

as brown as a berry

as clear as glass I a bell

as cold as ice

as cool as a cucumber

as countless as the stars

as dry as a bone

as easy as ABC

as fat as butter

as fit as a fiddle

as flat as a pancake

as fresh as paint I a daisy

as good as gold

as green as grass


as hard as iron I nails I rocks

as hot as fire

as light as a feather

as loud as thunder

as old as the hills

as pale as death

as quick as lightning

as regular as the clock

as round as a ball

as sharp as a razor I needle •

as sour as vinegar

as straight as an arrow

as sweet as honey

as tough as leather

as warm as wool

as white as snow

Similes

Proverbs •••••••••••••••••••••••••

Proverbs are short well-known statements that contain advice about life in general.

action

apple

bed

beggar

bird

blood

broom

cake

cat

charity

chicken

cloud

deaf

dog

Proverbs

Actions speak louder than words.

An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

Early to bed, early to rise. Make a man healthy and wise.

Beggars must not be choosers.

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

Birds of the same feather flock together.

The early bird catches the worm.

Blood is thicker than water.

New brooms sweep c lean.

You cannot eat your cake and have it.

When the cat is away, the mice w ill play.

Charity begins at home.

Don ' t count your chickens bet o re they are hatched.

Every c loud has a silver lining.

None so deaf as those who will not hear.

Barking dogs seldom bite .

Let sleeping dogs lie. z. ,. "Z- 2

• • • • •


eggs Don 't put all your eggs in one basket.

exchange Fair exchange is no robbery.

father Like father, like son.

fire

first

friend

fruit

haste

hay

heads

heart

honesty

hungry

invention

late

leak

leopard

loaf


Fire is a good servant but a bad master.

There is no smoke without fire .

Out of the frying pan into the fire.

First come, first served.

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

Forbidden fruit tastes sweet.

More haste, less speed.

Make hay while the sun shines.

Two heads are better than one.

Absence makes the heart grow fonder.

Honesty is the best policy.

A hungry man is an angry man.

Necessity is the mother of invention.

Better late than never.

A small leak will sink a great ship .

A leopard does not change its spots.

Half a loaf is better than none.

Proverbs

look

meat

mind

• miss

money

needle

news

penny • piper

pot

practice

pride

rob

rod

see

shy

silence

slow

Proverbs

Look before you leap.

One man 1 s meat is another man's poison.

Great m inds think alike .

Out of sight, out of mind.

A miss is as good as a mile .

A fool and his money are soon parted.

Look for a needle in a haystack.

No news is good news.

A penny saved is a penny gained.

He who pays the piper, calls the tune .

Let not the pot call the kettle black.

Practice makes perfect .

Pride goes before a fall.

Rob Peter to pay Paul.

Spare the rod and sp oil the child.

Seeing is believing.

Once bitten twice shy.

Silence means consent.

Speech is silver, silence is golden.

Slow and steady wins the race.


soup

stitch

stone

straw

swallow

time

tool

trades

turn • union

vessel

wait

water

well

will

work

worth

Too many cooks spoil the soup.

A stitch in time saves nine.

A rolling stone gathers no moss.

A drowning man will c lutch at a straw.

The last straw breaks a camel ' s back.

One swallow does not make a summer.

Lost time is never found .

A bad workman quarrels with his tools.

Jack of all trades, master of none.

One good turn deserves another.

Union is strength .

Empty vessels make the most noise.

Time and tide wait for no man.

We never miss the water till the well runs dry.

Still waters run deep.

All 's well that ends well.

Where there 's a will there 's a way.

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

What's worth doing is worth doing well .

©Teachers' Production Proverbs

Idioms •••••••••••••••••••

An idiom is a fixed group of words with a special meaning which is different from the meanings of the individua l words.

Keyword Idiom Meaning

air build castles in the air day d ream

arm receive with open arms to welcome heartily

bad

ball

beat

behind

black

book

bucket

carry

cat

chicken

Idioms

a bad egg

keep the ball rolling

beat about the bush

talk behind one 1 s back

put it in black and white

a bookworm

to kick the bucket

carry on

let the cat out of the bag

chicken-hearted

a bad person

keep things going on

talk about a thing in an indirect manner

talk about a person without him knowing

put it in writing

a great reader

to die

continue

let out the secret

timid or cowardly


Keyword

coat

cock

colour

crocodile

dead

down

Idiom

cut your coat according to your cloth

a cock and bull story

pass with flying colours

shed crocodile tears

dead broke

ups and downs -

elephant a white elephant

eleven at the eleventh hour

eye

feet

fence


an eye for a n eye

keep an eye on

see eye to eye

stand on one 's own feet

sit on the fence

Meaning

spend only what you can afford

an unbelievable story

do very well in a test

• • • 1ns1ncere expression of sorrow

no money

good times and bad times

a useless object which is expensive to upkeep

at the last moment

to return evil for evil

watch or supervise carefully

agree entirely

be independent

take no sides in a debate or quarre l

Idioms

Keyword Idiom

finger at one 1 s finger tips

foot

fire

good

goat

green

hand

hard ,_

hat

heels

Idioms

foot the bill

put one 1 s foot down

put your foot in your mouth

play with fire

a good-for-nothing

be a scapegoat

to have green eyes

live from hand to mouth

hard and fast rule

hard of hearing

pass the hat round

take to one 's heels

Meaning

know thoroughly

pay the bill

put a stop to something

say something without thinking

do a thing which may be dangerous

a useless person

get blamed for other people 's mistakes

to be jealous

with enough money to live from day to day only

very strict rule

quite deaf

ask for donation from people around

flee or run away


Keyword Idiom

ice break the ice

leaf turn over a new leaf

light see the light

Meaning

to be the first to start a conversation

change one 's conduct or behaviour for the better

understand

line find the hidden

read between the lines .

lion

long

moon

• music

nose

play

point

question

the lion 's share

in the long run

once in a blue moon

face the music

pay through one 's nose

child 's play

come to the point

out of the question

rain cats and dogs

. . . • . . . . . .


meaning

the best or largest part

over a long period of time

very seldom

take the scolding or consequences

pay too high a price

very easy to do

speak briefly and directly

not possible or not allowed

rain heavily

. . . .. Idioms

Keyword

rat

red

roses

see

seed

shave

shoulder

skin

socks

time

tongue

tooth

trumpet

water

Idioms

Idiom

smell a rat

caught red handed

a bed of roses

see red

sow the seed

a close shave

give a person a cold shoulder

save one's skin

pull up one's socks

in the nick of time

hold one's tongue

have a sweet tooth

blow one's trumpet

get into hot water

Meaning

suspect something

caught while committing a crime

a comfortable life

be very angry

p lant the idea

a narrow escape

to deliberately ignore someone

to escape from a serious danger

improve in what one is doing

just in time

not to speak

like sweet food

boast about oneself

get into trouble


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Workbooks for Primary 2 Mathematics Test Papers Mathematics Process Skills Language Usage Reading Comprehension Vocabulary & Cloze Passages Sounds & Listen ing Comprehension

Workbooks for Primary 4 Mathematics Process Skills Mathematics Test Papers Reading Comprehension Vocabu lary & Cloze Passages Science Process Skills, P3 & 4

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Resource Books My A-Z Word Bank for Lower Primary My Word Bank for Lower Primary My Grammar Handbook for Lower Primary My Grammar Guide for Upper Primary My Collection of Words & Phrases, P3-4 My Collection of Words & Phrases, P4-S My Collection of Words & Phrases, PS-6 STELLAR Handwriting 1 I 2 I 3 Purposeful Penmansh ip 1 I 21 3 Easy Draw 1 I 21 3

Book for Parents & Teachers

,__ __ _..____...,

Jia Jiao ( Home Teaching) Bit by Bit Sustaining the Passion to Teach Tips for Success The Learn ing Teacher 1 The Learning Teacher 2

by Ms Cheong Yuen Lin by Ms Cheong Yuen Lin by Ms Cheong Yuen Lin by Dr Chech Yin Mee by Dr Chech Yin Mee

~w

My Grammar Handbook is a useful resource for early learners of the English Language. It contains the basic of grammatical rules and vocabulary word list s appropriate for Primary pupils:

* Nouns * Adults/young

* Pronouns * Sounds

* Adjectives * Occupations

* Verbs * Places

* Adverbs * Antonyms a * Prepositions * Synonyms •

* Conjunctions * Homophones

* Interjections * Similes

* Articles * Proverbs

* Punctuation * Idioms

My Grammar Handbook is an effective tool for helping pupils to extend their vocabulary and build up a firm foundation in their knowledge of grammar. It will enable them to check the spelling and the correct use of words. This will help them to become independent and confident learners.

Copyright© Teachers' Production ISBN : 978-981-04-1054-4 Reprint : January 2010 (19th Print) Website : www.teachersproduction.com Email : zenda@ pacific.net.sg Telephone : 65-902 99662 Fax : 65-6463 1373

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