mwgj;jehd;f rpttbtq;fsk; mtw;wpd; mus;epiyak;

1 mWgj;Jehd;F rpttbtq;fSk; mtw;wpd; mUs;epiyAk; | Nf.tp. FzNrfuk;


vd;Diu

vdJ je;ijapd; Kg;gj;J ,uz;lhtJ Mz;L epiwitnahl;b> rptngUkhd;

vLj;j mWgj;J ehd;F jpUTUtq;fisg; gw;wpa E}iy ntspapLfpNwd;. ,jpy; mtu;

vLj;j jpUtbtq;fspd; Njhw;wk;> tuyhW> jpUTUt mikg;G> mtw;wpd; mUs; epiy

gw;wpg; gy E}y;fis Ma;T nra;J vOjpAs;Nsd;. ,jpy; mWgj;Jehd;F

jpUTUtq;fspd; glq;fSk; cs;sd. kf;fSf;Fg; gad;gLgtw;iwNa vOjNtz;Lk;

vd;w Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfNt vOJfpNwd;. gy ,yl;rk; thrfu;fs; gbj;Jg; gad;

ngWfpd;wdu;. xU thrfu; $l mij tpku;rpf;f tpUk;gtpy;iy. 50 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;

xU tplaj;ij vOjpdhy; tpku;rpg;Nghu; gyu; ,Ue;jdu;. rup gpiofisr;

Rl;bf;fhl;LNthu; gyu; ,Ue;jdu;. ,jdhy; jtWfisj; jpUj;j Kbe;jJ. ,g;NghJ

mg;gbahd epiy ,y;iy. jtWfs; njhlu;e;Jnfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. vd;idg;

nghWj;jtiu tpku;rdk; kfpo;Tf;fhf my;y. vjpu;fhyg; gad;ghl;bw;fhf. vdJ jpwik


vdf;Fj; njupAk;. gpwUf;Fk; njupAk;. mwpTilNahu; tpku;rdj;jpd; %yk; jk;ik

mwpTilatuhf;fpf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,e;epiy aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ,y;yhkw;Ngha; tpl;lJ.

vdJ je;ij xU rhjhuz njhopyhsp> jhia vdf;Fj; njupahJ. rpW

tajpNyNa ,we;Jtpl;lhu;. mtu;fsJ jtg;gadhfj;jhd; ehd; gpwe;Njd;. vdf;F Kd;

gpwe;j rNfhjud; ,we;J gpwe;jikahy; ngw;Nwhu; jtkpUe;Jjhd; vd;idg; ngw;wjhf

cwtpdu; $Wtu;. vOj;jpy; kl;Lky;y vdJ Mrpupaj; njhopypYk; ehd; Kj;jpiu

gjpj;Njd;. ,Ue;Jk; mjpfhupfSk;> Mrpupau;fSk; vd;id kjpf;fNt ,y;iy. ehd;

jdpj;J epd;W ghlrhiyf;fhf thq;fpa tpisahl;L ikjhdj;ij ehd; ghlrhiyiag;

nghWg;Gf; nfhLj;j xUtu; ,Ul;lbg;Gr; nra;Jtpl;lhu;. kpfkpf ek;gpf;if cupatu;

Nghyg; gofpj; JNuhfk; nra;j mtiu 15 tUlq;fopj;J vd;dhy; vd;d nra;a

KbAk;?. 200 Nkw;gl;l E}y;fis vOjpNdd;. gy rka E}y;fSf;Fk; fij tbtk;

nfhLj;J ,yf;fpaj;jpw;F xU GJ tbtk; nfhLj;Njd;. Mdhy; ahUk; mijf;

ftdj;jpy; nfhs;stpy;iy. mjdhy; xt;nthU E}y;fspYk; mtw;iw vOjptUfpNwd;.

vdJ E}y;fs; fhyq;fle;Jk; thOk;. vjpu;fhy kf;fs; vd;idf; fl;lhak; Gupe;J

nfhs;tu;. mjw;fhd eltbf;iffis vLf;fhtpl;lhYk; rk;gtq;fshf mit ,Uf;Fk;.

tpku;rpf;fj; jpwik Ntz;Lk;. E}ywpT Ntz;Lk;. ,itnay;yhk; ,d;W mw;Wg;Ngha;

tpl;ld. xt;nthUtUk; NjitfUjpg; goFfpwhu;fs;. Njit Kbe;jJk; tpyfpr; nrd;W

tpLfpd;wdu;. mg;gbahd fhyj;jpy;jhd; ehk; tho;fpNwhk;. mijg; Gupe;J nfhz;lhy;

tpku;rdq;fs;> ghuhl;Lf;fs;> tpUJfshy; ve;jg; gad;fSk; tuhnjd;gijg; Gupe;J

nfhs;syhk;. ,q;F nrd;w tUlk; ntspapl;l Gj;jfNk fhzf;fpilg;gjpy;iy. 50

tUlq;fshf jukhd Gj;jfq;fs; vd;W tpUJfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;l Gj;jfq;fSk; ,y;iy.

tpUJngw;wtu;fspd; ngau;fs; $l ahUf;Fk; njupahJ. ,e;jepiy ahu; vij vg;gbr;

nrhd;dhYk; fhjpy; thq;Nfhu; ahUkpy;iy. vy;yhtw;iwAk; rptdplk; xg;gilj;Jtpl;L>

mtupd; mUshy; vOjptUfpNwd;.

cynfq;Fk; Nfhbf; fzf;fhd rptypq;fq;fs; gpujpl;ir nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd vd;W

jpU%yu; jdJ jpUke;jpuj;jpy; $wpAs;shu;. mij rkPgj;jpy; ,yq;ifapy;

Ky;iyj;jPtpy; eilngw;w mfo;thuha;r;rpapd; NghJ ntspg;gl;l 6000 Mz;Lfs;

gioikahd rptypq;fq;fs; nka;g;gpf;fpd;wd. ,ypq;fj;jpUNkdpapy; ,Ue;J jhd;

cyfk; Njhd;wpaJ. mj;Jld; mjpypUe;J 64 jpUTUtq;fSk; Njhd;wpd.

,j;jpUTUtq;fspd; mikg;G> tbtk;> mUs;epiyfs; gw;wp ,e;E}y; $WfpwJ.

Mfkq;fs; mRuu;fis mopf;f te;j 64 jpUTUtq;fisg; gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wd.

jpUtpisahlw; GuhzKk;> ngupa GuhzKk; kdpju;fSf;F mUs te;j mtjhuq;fs;

gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wd.


Ntz;ba Gj;jfq;fisj; je;Jjtpa jpUkjp fkyhrpdp Jiurpq;fj;jpw;Fk;>

,j;jifa Gdpjkhd jj;Jt E}iy kpFe;j ftdj;Jld; fzpdpkag;gLj;jpj; je;j

Nfhg;gha; Mupad; fpupNa\d;]; epWtdj;Jf;F ed;wp $wpf; nfhs;fpNwd;. kPz;Lk;

re;jpg;Nghk;.

Nf.tp. FzNrfuk;

Nfhl;lf;fy;tpg; gzpg;ghsu; (Xa;T)


mWgj;J ehd;F rpt tbtq;fSk; mtw;wpd; mUs; epiyAk;

rptdJ jpUtpisahly;fs; mWgj;J %d;W.

mj;jpUtpisahly;fspd; NghJ rptd; mWgj;J

ehd;F rpt tbtnkLj;jhu;. mr; rpt

tbtq;fspD}lhfNt gf;ju;fSf;F mUis thup

toq;fpdhu;. ,j;jpUtbtq;fs; ngupa Guhzj;jpYk;

tUfpd;wd. ehad;khu;fspd; Ntz;LjYf;F ,zq;fpr;

rpt d; mWgj;J ehd;F tbtq;fis vLj;jhu;.

,ypq;ftbtk; ,ay;ghdJ> epue;jukhdJ.

mjpypUe;Jjhd; Vida tbtq;fs; cUthfpd.

,ypq;f tbtk; vDk; NghJ mJ rptypq;fj;ijf;

Fwpf;Fk;. ,t;tbtk; kpfTk; njhd;ikahdJ.

vg;nghOJ Njhd;wpaJ vd;W $w KbahJ. ,J

jhdhfNt Njhd;wpajhf nka;Q;Qhdpfs;

$Wfpd;wdu;.

cUtkpy;yhj Ngnuhspahfj;jpfSk; ,iwtid xU FwpaPl;by; itj;J topgLk;

Kiwjhd; ,ypq;f topghL. rptdJ mUTUtj; jpUNkdpiar; rptypq;fk; vd;W

miog;gu;. kf;fSf;F mUs;tjw;fhfNt rptd; ,ypq;fj;jpUNkdpia vLj;jhu;.

cyfKk; cyfpy; cs;s nghUl;fs; midj;Jk; ypq;f tbthdit. mtw;Ws;r; rptd;

Njhd;wp Fbnfhz;bUf;fpwhu;. ,ypq;fj;jpd; mUs;epiy gw;wpAk; rpttbtq;fs; gw;wpAk;

Kjd; Kjyhff; $wpa E}y; jpUke;jpuk;. jpU%yuJ ,aw;ngau; Re;juehju;. mtiur;

rptd; ifyhaj;jpw;F mioj;J> “eP G+Tyfj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W irt rpj;jhe;j

cz;ikfis kf;fSf;F vLj;Jr; nrhy;. mtu;fs; Rj;j irtuhf tho topfhl;L”

vd;W $wpajhy; Re;juehju; G+Tyfpw;F Kjy; Kiw te;J kf;fsJ epiy gw;wp

Muha;e;jgpd; ifyhak; nrd;whu;.

,uz;lhk; Kiw mtu; ifyhaj;jpy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L nghjpiff;F tUk;NghJ

Nrho ehl;by; cs;s Rj;jD}upy; cs;s Gy;ntspapy; %yd; vd;w ,ilad; ,we;J

fplg;gijf; fz;L> mtd; Nka;j;j gRf;fspd; kPJ ,uf;fk; nfhz;L jdJ capiu

%ydpd; clYs;g; GFj;jptpl;Lj; jdJ cliy xU kug;nghe;Js; kiwj;J

itj;Jtpl;L nrd;W gRf;fis cupa ,lq;fspy; tpl;Ltpl;Lj; jpUk;gp te;J

ghu;j;jNghJ mtuJ cliyf; fhztpy;iy. mjdhy; %ydpd; clypy; ,Ue;jthW

jpUke;jpuj;ijg; ghbdhu;. mjdhy; mtUf;Fj; jpU%yu; vd;w ngau; cz;lhdJ.


jpUkj;jpuk; jhd; rptidg; gw;wp kpfTk; tpupthff; $wpa Kjy; E}yhFk;.

mjd;gpd; jpUke;jpuj;ijj; jOtpj;jhd; gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd E}y;fs; ,aw;wg;gl;ld.

nghJthf E}y;fis ,aw;WNthu; Kjypy; flTis tho;j;jp ,uz;nlhU

ghly;fisg; ghLtu;. ,jw;F tpjptpyf;fhfj; jpU%yu; Ik;gJ nra;As;fspy; flTis

tho;j;jpg; ghbAs;shu;. ,t;itk;gJ nra;As;fspYk; rptdJ mUl; nray;fs;

midj;ijAk; Fwpg;gpl;ls;shu;. mj;Jld; rptndLj;j tbtq;fisAk; $wpAs;shu;.

flTs; tho;j;jpy; $wg;gl;l Ik;gJ ghly;fisAk; xUtu; gbj;jhNuahdhy; rptidg;

gw;wpAk; irt rpj;jhe;jj;ijg; gw;wpAk; KOikahf mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.

flTs; tho;j;jpd; KjyhtJ ghly; ,J.

“xd;whdtd; jhNd ,uz;ltd; - ,d;dUs;

epd;wdd; %d;wpDs; ehd;F dhu;e; jhd; Ie;J

ntd;wdd; MW tpupe;jdd; Vok;gu;r;

nrd;wdd; jhdpUe; jhDzu;e; njl;Nl”

rptngUkhd; vz;Fzq;fis cilatd;. cyfpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;Fk;> xLf;fj;jpw;Fk;

Kd;Gk; gpd;Gk; epiyj;jpUf;Fk; moptpy;yhjtd;. mtdJ Nkyhd mUs; “rptaek”

vd;Dk; jpUite;njOj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; ‘t’ fuKk; ‘e’ fuKk; Mfpa ,uz;L

vOj;JfSf;FKupa guhrf;jp> Mjprf;jp vd ,uz;lhFk;. md;G> mwpT> Mw;wy; vd;gd

,r;ir> Qhdk;> fpupia vdg;gLk;. ‘rpt rpt’ vd;gjw;Fg; nghUs; ehd;fhFk;.

jpUtUspd; njhopy; Ie;jhFk;. mit gilj;jy;> fhj;jy;> mopj;jy;> kiwj;jy;>

mUsy; vd;gdthFk;. rptdJ jpUtbia milAk; topfs; MwhFk;. rptd;

VOtifahd Mw;wy;fSf;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;ltd;. VO tifahd Mw;wy;fshf rf;jp>

tpe;Jrf;jp> kNdhd;kzp> kNfir> cik> jpU> thzp Mfpatw;wpw;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;ltd;.

mj;Jld; epyk;> ePu;> jP> capu;> fhw;W> Mfhak;> re;jpud;> #upad;> Gydhaike;ju;

Mfpa vl;L tifahd nghJ tbtq;fSk; rptNd.

,t;thW flTs; tho;j;jpd; KjyhtJ ghlypy; jpU%yu; $Wfpwhu;. mtu; Vida

ehw;gj;njhd;gJ ghly;fspYk; rptdJ midj;Jg; ngUikfisAk; mit $Wk;

jj;Jtq;fisAk; tpupthff; $Wfpwhu;.

rptdJ Njhw;wk; vt;tsT njhd;ikahdJ vd;gij mwpa ehk; jpU%yu; tho;e;j

fhyj;ij mwpjy; Ntz;Lk;. mWghd; Kk;ik ehad;khu;fspy; jpU%yUk; xUtu;. mtu;

jpUke;jpuj;jpy; Nra;Q;QY}r; rz;biag; gw;wpNa $wpAs;shu;. NtW vtiug; gw;wpAk;


$wtpy;iy. ke;jpu khiy vd;w E}y; jpU%yiug; gw;wpf; $Wk;NghJ mtuJ

,aw;ngau; Re;juehjd; vd;Wk; mtu; %yd; vd;w clYs;g; GFe;J jpUke;jpuj;ijg;

ghbajhy; jpU%yu; vd miof;fg;gl;lhu; vd;Wk; $WfpwJ. jpU%yUf;F ‘ehjd;’ vd;w

rpwg;Gg; gl;lg; ngau; ee;jpnak;ngUkhdhy; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

,tu; jpUke;jpuj;jpy; rz;bia khj;jpuk; $wpajhy;> rz;b jpU%yUf;F Ke;jpatu;

vd;W mwpaKbfpwJ. mj;Jld; jpUke;jpuj;jpy; mfj;jpau;> jpupGuhjpfs;> ,uhtzd;>

rye;jyd;> jf;fd;> me;jf mRud;> khu;f;fz;lu; KjypNahiug; gw;wpa tuyhWfs;

cz;L. ,tu;fs; jpU%yUf;F Kd;gpUe;jtu;fshfNt my;yJ rk fhyj;jtu;fshfNt

,Uf;fyhnkd Ma;thsu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;.

,uhkhahzk; fp.K 6000 ,y; vOjg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ mde;jFzghz;bad;

fghlGuj;ijj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;L murhz;lhd;. mde;jFzghz;baidj; jpU%yu;

fghlGuk; nrd;W re;jpj;jjhff; Fwpg;Gz;L. mjdhy; jpU%yupd; fhyk; fp.K. 8000

vdf; $WthUk; csu;. mtuJ fhyk; fp.gp 6000 vdf; fzf;fpl;lhy; jpU%yu;

,uhtzdJ fhyj;jtu; vdf; nfhs;syhk;. ,ijtpl mfj;jpau;> gjQ;ryp Nghd;w gy

Kdptu;fs; mf;fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. xsitahu; xUtuy;y> gyu; vd;W

Muha;r;rp KbTfs; $Wfpd;wd. Gyik cs;s ngz;fis muru;fSk;> kf;fSk;

xsitahu; vd;W miof;Fk; kuG md;W ,Ue;jJ.

fug;gh> nkhfQ;rjhNuh Mfpa ,lq;fspy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fis Muha;e;j

mwpQu; mit fp.K. 5000 Mz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;lit vdf; $wpAs;sdu;. mq;F jkpopy;

cUt vOj;Jf;fshy; vOjg;gl;l fy;ntl;Lf;fs; gyTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mj;Jld;

jkpoupd; ghuk;gupa Mguzq;fshd %f;Fj;jp> jhyp vd;gdTk; fhzg;gLtjhf

Muhr;rpahsu; [hd;khu;\Yk;> nutnuz;Lg; ghjpupahUk; $Wfpd;wdu;.

jkpo;nkhopahdJ Muk;gj;jpy; cUt vOj;Jf;fisAk;> gpd; Nfhy;

vOj;Jf;fisAk;> mjd;gpd; tl;l vOj;Jf;fisAk;> mjd;gpd; rJu vOj;Jf;fisAk;

nfhz;bUe;jJ. jpU%yUila fhyk; ,uhkhadf; fhyk;. mg;NghJ jkpOf;F

tl;nlOj;J tof;fpy; ,Ue;jJ. mg;NghJ tho;e;j ,uhtzd; jkpo; tl;nlOj;Jf;fisr;

rpwpJ khw;wp mijj; njYq;F vdg; ngaupl;ljhf tuyhW $WfpwJ. mg;NghJ

njYq;fpy; gjpdhW capu; vOj;Jf;fSk; Kg;gj;ije;J nka;naOj;Jf;fSk; ,Ue;jd.

,uhkhadf; fhyk; tl;nlOj;Jf; fhyk;. ,f; fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpah KOtJk; jkpo;

nghJ nkhopahf ,Ue;jJ. ,ijj; jpU%yu; jpUke;jpuj;jpy;>

“jkpo;kz;lyk; Ie;Jk; jhtpa Qhdk;


ckpo;tJNghy cyfk; jpupthu;

mtpO kdKk; vk; khjp mwpTk;

jkpo; kz;lyk; Ie;Jk; jj;JtkhNk”

vd;W $wpAs;shu;.

jpUke;jpuj;jpy; rpttbtq;fisg; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gf;fs; gy ghly;fspy; ,Ue;jNghJk;

flTs; tho;j;jpy; cs;s Ik;gJ ghly;fspYk; tpupthf cs;sd. jpUke;jpuk; xd;gJ

je;jpuq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. %thapuk; jpUg;ghly;fis cilaJ. mjpy; rptdJk;

cikapdJk; rfy ngUikfSk; cs;sd. flTs; tho;j;jpd; vl;lhtJ ghlypy;

nghd;dpwkhd jpUr;rilia cilatd; vd;Wk;> gj;jhtJ ghly; rptd; xyp

kakhdtd; vd;Wk;> Nfhjpah mkpo;j;jhdtd; vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpwJ. jpUke;jpug;

ghly;fspy; $wg;gl;litjhd; rpt tbtq;fs;.

rpt tbtq;fs;

1. ,ypq;f tbtk;

2. ,ypq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wpa tbtk;

3. Kfypq;fk;

4. Rjhrpt tbtk;

5. kfhrjhrpt tbtk;

6. ckh kNf];tuu; tbtk;

7. Rfhrdu; tbtk;

8. cNkr %u;j;jp tbtk;

9. Nrhk];fe;j tbtk;

10. re;jpuNrfu tbtk;

11. ,lgh&l tbtk;

12. up\ghe;jpf %u;j;jp tbtk;

13. G[q;fyspj %u;j;jp tbtk;

14. G[q;fj;jpuhr %u;j;jp tbtk;

15. re;jpahjhz;lt %u;j;jp tbtk;

16. rjh epUj;j %u;j;jp tbtk;

17. rz;ljhz;lt %u;j;jp tbtk;

18. fq;fhjuu; tbtk;

19. fq;fh tpru;rd %u;j;jp tbtk;

20. jpupGuhe;jfu; tbtk;

21. fy;ahz Re;juu; tbtk;


22. mu;j;j ehuPRtuu; tbtk;

23. f[Af;j %u;j;jp tbtk;

24. [;tuhgf;d %u;j;jp tbtk;

25. #u;j;J}y `u %u;j;jp tbtk;

26. ghRgj %u;j;jp tbtk;

27. fq;fhsu; tbtk;

28. khnyhUghfu; tbtk;

29. gpl;rhldu; tbtk;

30. ruNgRtu; tbtk;

31. rz;NlrhDf; fpuf %u;j;jp tbtk;

32. jl;rpzh%u;j;jp tbtk;

33. Nahf jl;rzh %u;j;jp tbtk;

34. tPzh jl;rpzh %u;j;jp tbtk;

35. fhyhe;ju; tbtk;

36. fhkjfdu; tbtk;

37. ,yFNs];tu %u;j;jp tbtk;

38. igutu; tbtk;

39. MgNjhj;jhuz %u;j;jp tbtk;

40. tLf %u;j;jp tbtk;

41. Nrj;jpughyf %u;j;jp tbtk;

42. tPugj;jpu tbtk;

43. MNfhuh];jpu %u;j;jp tbtk;

44. jPl;raf;Qtuj %u;j;jp tbtk;

45. fpuhj %u;j;jp tbtk;

46. FU tbtk;

47. mRth&l %u;j;jp tbtk;

48. f[he;jpf %u;j;jp tbtk;

49. [yj;jputj %u;j;jp tbtk;

50. Vfghjjpup %u;j;jp tbtk;

51. jpupghjjpup %u;j;jp tbtk;

52. Vfghj tbtk;

53. nfsup tug;gpuj %u;j;jp tbtk;

54. rj;ujhd];t&g %u;j;jp tbtk;

55. nfsup yPyh rkd;tpj %u;j;jp tbtk;

56. ePyfz;lu; tbtk;

57. fUlhe;jpf %u;j;jp tbtk;


58. gpukrpur;Nrj %u;j;jp tbtk;

59. $u;k rq;fhufu; tbtk;

60. kr;r rq;fhufu; tbtk;

61. tuhf rq;fhuu; tbtk;

62. gpuhu;j;jdh %u;j;jp tbtk;

63. ,uj;j gp`g; g[ujhd %u;j;jp tbtk;

64. rp\;a ght %u;j;jp tbtk;

,r; rpt tbtq;fs; mWgj;J ehd;fpidAk;> Nghf tbtq;fs;> Nahf tbtq;fs;>

Nfhg tbtq;fs; vd %d;whfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

epd;w> ,Ue;j> Cu;jpapy; mku;e;j gy tifahd Mguzq;fis mzpe;j

cUtq;fNshL mr;rk; mfw;Wk; if> mgakspf;Fk; if Mfpatw;iw cila cik

KUfd; Nru;e;j Nrhkh];fe;j cUtk;> Vwku;flTs;> gpiw #ba ngUkhd;> cikAld;

Nru;e;j tbtk;> khnyhLghfu; Mfpa rpt tbtq;fs; Nghf tbtq;fs; vdg;gLk;.

NahfKj;jpiu cilaif> rhe;jkhd Kfk;> mUs; GupAk; kfpo;thd Kfk;

Mfpatw;iw cila rpt tbtq;fSk; Qhd> Nahf> tPzhjuj; Njhw;wj;ij cila

Myku; nry;td; Nghd;w rpt tbtq;fs; Nahf tbtq;fshFk;.

giftiu mopf;f ty;y nfhba MAjq;fis Ve;jpapUf;Fk; gy iffis

cila rpt tbtq;fs;> mr;RWj;Jk; gaq;fukhd Njhw;wk;> Nfhukhd Kfk;> mjpy;

Nfhukhd gw;fs; cila rpt tbtq;fs; Nfhg tbtq;fshFk;.

,k; %d;W tbtq;fisAk; rptd; mbatu;fSf;F cjTtjw;fhfNt vLf;fpwhd;.

mbatu;fs; kPJ rptd; nfhz;l md;gpd; fhuzkhf mtu;fis kfpo;tpj;J

Kj;jpaspg;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Nl ,t; tbtq;fs; vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

mbatu;fSf;F vd;Wk; Ngupd;gj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; Kj;jpiaf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf ,d;g

tbtq;fisAk;> mbatu;fSf;F ey;topfhl;b jd;dhL Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;s mUs;

tbtq;fisAk;> nfhba tpidfisAk; ePf;fp mbatu;fis Ml;nfhs;s tPu

tbtq;fisAk; rptd; vLf;fpwhd;. Nghf tbtj;ij ,uhrr tbtk; vd;Wk;> Nahf

tbtj;ij rhj;tPf tbtk; vd;Wk;> Nfhg tbtj;ij jhkr tbtk; vd;Wk;

nrhy;yg;gLk;. ,itahTk; jpUtpisahlw; Guhzj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.


irtrka kf;fs; rptid ,ypq;f

tbtpy; gd;ilf; fhye;njhl;Nl topgl;L

tUfpd;wdu;.,ypq;f topghL vDk;NghJ

rptypq;fj;ij topgLtijf; Fwpf;Fk;.

,J kpfTk; njhd;ikahd tuyhW.

rpe;Jejpf; fiuNahuk; elj;jg;gl;l

Ma;tpd;NghJ gy rptypq;fq;fs; fz;L

gpbf;fg;gl;ld. ,jpypUe;J ,ypq;f topghl;bd; njhd;ikia mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

rptkfhGuhzk; ,ypq;fj;ijr; Nrhjpg;gpok;G vd;fpwJ. ,iwtdJ

mUTUtj;jpUNkdpahfpa rptypq;fk;> cUtKk; cWg;Gf;fSk; ,y;yhj Nrhjp

tbthdJ. mjdhy; ,t; cUit mUTUtj; jpUNkdpnad;Wk; rjhrptj;

jpUNkdpnad;Wk; Guhzq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. cyfKk;> cyfpy; cs;s midj;Jg;

nghUl;fSk;> rPtuhrpfSk; ,ypq;f tbtpid cilad. G+kp> rKj;jpuq;fs; ahTk;

,ypq;f tbtj;ij cilad. ehd;KfDk;> jpUkhYk; jk;Ks; ahu; ngupatu; vdj;

ju;f;fpj;Jr; rz;il nra;j NghJ ,UtUf;FkpilNa mbKb njupahj

Nrhjpg;gpok;ghfj; Njhd;wpaJ jhd; rptypq;fk; vd;W rptkhGuhzk; nrhy;fpwJ.

gilg;gpd; NghJ G+jq;fs; ahTk; vt;thW Njhd;wpdNth> mt;thNw Copf;

fhyj;jpy; xLq;Ffpd;wd. ,q;F Njhw;wKk;> xLf;fKk; rptypq;fj;Jf;Fs;NsNa

eilngWfpd;wd. ,t;tpU epfo;Tk; xU ,lj;jpy; eilngWtjhy; mij ,ypq;fk;

vd;Wk; rpwg;ghfr; rptypq;fk; vd;Wk; ngau; ngw;wJ. kdjpw;Fk;> thf;fpw;Fk;

mg;ghw;gl;l ,ypq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj ahTk; Njhd;wp ,aq;Ffpd;wd. Njhw;Wtpg;gJk;

,aq;FtJk; ,Wjpapy; jd;Ds; cyif xLf;FtJk; ,ypq;fkhFk;. ,ypq;fk;

cyfhfj; Njhw;wkspg;gNjhL cyfpy; cs;s midj;Jg; nghUl;fSs;Sk; tpahgpj;J

kiwe;jpUf;fpwJ. ,ypq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J rhe;jp jj;Jtk; cUthfpg; gpd; mJ rf;jp

jj;Jtkhf khWfpwJ. gpd; rf;jpapy; ,Ue;J ehjk; ntspg;gl;lJ. ehjk; rj; vdg;gLk;.

,ypq;fKk;> rhe;jpak;> rf;jpAk; cUtkw;wit.

rptj;ijr; ‘rfyk;’ vd;Wk; ehjk;> gpe;J Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; ‘kpr;uk;’ vd;Wk;

$Wtu;. ehjk; ,ypq;f tbthdJ. gpe;J mjd; gPlkhFk;. ,ypq;fk; rptidf; Fwpf;Fk;

gPlk; rf;jpiaf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,t;tpuz;ilAk; gpupf;f KbahJ. ,it ,uz;Lk; gpupg;gpd;wp

xd;whf ,Ug;gjhy; rptrf;jp vd;W miof;fg;gLk;. neUg;Gk; #Lk;Nghy ,it

gpupahjpUf;Fk;.

1. ,ypq;f tbtk;


vy;yh Mfkq;fSk; ,ypq;fj;jpw;F tpsf;fk; $wpa NghJk; fhuzk;> fpuzk;>

Rg;gpuNgjk;> thJsk; vd;w ehd;F Mfkq;fSk; kpfTk; njspthfTk;> tiuaiw

nra;Jk; $wpAs;sd. ‘ypq;’ vd;gJ xLq;FtijAk;> ‘fk;’ vd;gJ gilg;igAk;

Fwpf;fpwJ. ,jd; gb rptd; Ie;njhopy;fisAk; nra;J> cyifj; jd;Ds;

xLf;Ftjhy; rptypq;fk; vd;w ngau; cz;lhdJ. ,Uf;F Ntjj;jpy; Njtu;fs;

kfhypq;f tbtj;ij topgl;ljhff; Fwpg;G cs;sJ.

cyfpy; cs;s midj;J rPtuhrpfSk;> nghUl;fSk;> gpz;lq;fSk;> G+kp>

Mfhak;> rKj;jpuk; Nghd;w midj;Jk; rptypq;fj;jpd; Nkw;gFjp Nghy

mike;jpUg;gjhf Qhdpfs; $Wfpd;wdu;. nghJthf Nehf;fpdhy; ,ypq;f topghL rpt

topghlhfNt gz;ilf; fhyk; njhlf;fk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

rpe;Jntspapy; mfo;thuha;r;rp nra;jNghJ Mapuf;fzf;fhd rptypq;fq;fs;

ntspg;gl;ld. mit gy tpjkhd tbtq;fspy; mjhtJ kpfg; ngupadTk;>

rpwpadTkhf ,Ue;jd. fug;gh vd;w ,lj;jpy; kl;Lk; mWE}Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l

rptypq;fq;fs; ntspg;gl;ld. rptid topg;gl;l kf;fs; rptypq;fj;ij E}ypy; Nfhu;j;Jf;

fl;br; rq;fpyp Nghy mzpe;jpUe;jikf;fhd rhd;Wfs; fpilj;Js;sd. kpfg; ngUk; rpt

gf;jdhd ,uhtzd; vg;NghJk; ngupanjhU rptypq;fj;ij itj;jpUe;jhdhk;. xUKiw

mtd; jkpo;ehl;by; ,Ue;J mupanjhU rptypq;fj;ijf; nfhz;L tUk;NghJ gps;isahu;

mijj; jLj;jjhf xU fij cz;L.

rptypq;fk; %d;W gFjpfis cilaJ. mbg;gFjp ehw;Nfhz tbtkhdJ. kj;jpa

gFjp vz;Nfhz tbtpy; mike;Js;sJ. ,ij MTil vd;gu;. Nkw;gFjp rptghfk;

vdg;gLk;. mbg;ghfkhd gpukghfk; G+kpf;Fs; kiwe;jpUf;Fk;. eLg;ghfk; tpupe;jpUf;Fk;.

rptghfk; NkNyhq;fp xypAld; ,Uf;Fk;.

mbg;ghfk; gilg;Gf; flTshd gpukghfj;ij czu;j;JtjhFk;. kj;jpa gFjp

jpUkhypd; vl;Lr; rf;jpfshd thik> Nrl;il> nusj;jpup> fhsp> fytp muzp>

gytPfu;zp> gyg;gpujkzp> ru;tG+jjkzp Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpaNjhL> jpUg;Gwk;gaj;

jy tuyhw;wpy; kNdhd;kzpahfpa xd;gjhtJ rf;jpAk; Nru;e;J jpUkhypd; xd;gJ

rf;jpfSkhfp ePUf;F mjpgjpahd jpUkhypd; ghfj;ij czu;j;JfpwJ.

G+kpf;;F cupj;jhd gpukghfk; G+kpf;Fs;g; Gije;J ,Uf;Fk;. ePUf;Fupa jpUkhypd;

eLg;ghfk; mgpNlf ePiu Vw;Wepw;Fk;. jPf;Fupa Nkw;ghfkhd rptghfk; jPiag; Nghy

xspu;e;jgb ,Uf;Fk;. ,it %d;Wk; Nru;e;J xg;gw;w Nrhjp tbthd cUtNk

rptypq;fkhFk;.


,ypq;fq;fs; - mz;lypq;fk;> gpz;lypq;fk;> Md;kypq;fk;> Qhdypq;fk;> rptypq;fk; vd

MW tifg;gLk;. mtutu; jkJ tpUg;gpw;Nfw;g ,tw;wpy; xd;iwNah my;yJ

MiwANkh tzq;fyhk;.

mz;lypq;fk; - jpU%yu; mz;lypq;fj;ij ‘cyf rptd;’ vd;fpwhu;. mz;lk; vd;why;

cUz;il vd;W nghUs;. mjd; ,d;ndhU nghUs; cyfk; vd;gjhFk;. mk;ikag;gupd;

milahskhf ,Ug;gJ rptypq;fk;. mJ vy;yhj; jpirfSk;> vy;yhf; fiyfSk;>

vy;yh cyFk; MFk;. ,t;Tz;ikia Ez;zwpTs;NshNu mwptu;. mk;ik

Mw;wyhfTk;> mg;gd; nghUshfTk; jpfo;fpd;wdu;. mjdhy; vq;Fk; epiwe;J ePf;fkw

fye;J epf;Fk; rptDk; rf;jpAk; vy;yhg; nghUl;fisAk; ,af;Ffpd;wdu;. mjdhy;

vy;yhk; rptd; vdg;gLfpwJ.

rjhrptdhd rptd; jd;id tpl;L xUnghOJk; ePq;fhj rf;jpia tpid Kjw;

fhuzkhff; nfhz;L cyifg; gilf;fpwhd;. irtj; jj;Jtq;fs; Kg;gj;jhWk;> mjw;F

mg;ghy; jpfOk; rjhrptKk;> Mfkq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; mj;Jtfyhfpa topfs; MWk;>

rptngUkhNdahk;.

Njtu;fs; Ik;G+jq;fis Ie;J jpUTUtpy; itj;J topgLfpd;wdu;. rptdJ mUt>

mUTUtj; jpUNkdpfis mtu;fs; mwpatpy;iy. Kj;jpwj;jpUNkdpf;Fk;

mz;lq;fSf;Fk; mg;ghy; tpsq;Fk; ,aw;if cz;ikj; jpUNkdpia Njtu;fs;

czu;j;jwpakhl;lhu;fs;.

fUtiwapd; Nky; ,Uf;Fk; tpkhdk; J}a;ikAk;> gUikAk; tha;e;j

rptf;FwpahFk;. rptf;Fwp vd;gJ rptypq;fk;. fUtiwapy; mku;e;jpUf;Fk;

mUNshdhfpa rjhrptd; Ez;zpa rptf;Fwpahthd;. mj;Jld; gypgPlKk;> ee;jpAk;

rptypq;fk; vd;Nw miof;fg;gLk;. jpUke;jpuk; 1689.

rptngUkhd; mku;e;jpUf;Fk; vl;L ,lq;fisAk; vz;NgUyfk; vd;gu;. mit

G+jq;fs; Ie;J> QhapW> jpq;fs;> MUapu; vd;gdthFk;. mjdhy; jhd; jpU%yu;

cliyf; Nfhtpy; vd;whu;.

gpz;l ypq;fk;

mz;lq;fspy; cs;sdnty;yhk; gpz;lkhfpa khdpl cly;fspYk; cs;sd.

mjdhy; Kd;G nrhy;yg;gl;l mj;Jthf;fs; MWk; kdpj clypYk; cs;sd. ,tw;iwr;

rptkhf epidj;J topgLk; topghL gpz;lypq;f topghL vdg;gLk;.


gpz;lypq;fj;ij clw; rptk; vd;fpwhu; jpU%yu;. kf;fspd; ruPuj;jpd; tbT

mjhtJ mikg;G rptypq;fkhFk;. kf;fspd; tbT jpUr;rpw;wk;gykhFk;. kf;fspd; tbT

rjhrptdpd; tbthFk;. kf;fspd; tbtpNyNa mk;gythzu; mUk;ngUq; $j;ij

,aw;Wfpwhu;. rptngUkhd; kf;fspd; ahf;ifia elkhLk; jpUf;Nfhtpyhff; nfhz;L

tbtha;> muq;fha;> tFg;gha;> tho;tha; gadspj;jUfpd;whd;. rptngUkhd;

mbatu;fSf;F mUs;Guptjw;fhf mtu;fs; fhl;Lk; Ngud;Gf;fPlhfr; rptkhf;fp

Mz;lUs;fpwhd;.

kf;fspd; ruPuj;ij jpUf;Nfhtpyhff; nfhz;L vOe;jUspa rptd; kiw E}w;fis

jd;id milAk; topfhl;bfshff; nfhz;Ls;shd;.

rjh rpt ypq;fk;

rjhrpt cUitf; nfhz;l rptngUkhDf;F Ie;J jpUKfq;fs;> gj;Jj;

jpUf;fuq;fs;> gjpide;J jpUtpopfs; cz;L. gj;Jj; jpUf;iffspYk; gj;J tpjkhd

MAjq;fisAk;> gilf;fyd;fisAk; itj;jpUf;fpwhu;. ,e;j cU Xu; cly;> ,U

jpUtbfis cilaJ.

rptdJ Ie;J jpUKfq;fSk; <rhdk;> jj;GUlk;> mNfhuk;> thkNjtk;>

rj;jpNahrhjk; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it KiwNa mUsy;> kiwj;jy;> mopj;jy;>

fhj;jy;> gilj;jy; Mfpa Ie;J njhopy;fisAk; nra;fpd;wd. ,j; jpUNkdp gQ;rg;gpuk

ke;jpu tbtkhdJ. mjdhy; ,k;ke;jpuj;jhNyNa ,t;TU G+rpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

mad;> mup> mud;> Mz;lhd;> Ik;Kfd;> tpe;Jehjk; ,tw;iw ,af;Fk; jpUtUs;>

,tw;iw tpl;L ePq;fhJ ,Uf;Fk; rptd; Mfpa mj;jidAk; rjhrptd; vdg;gLk;.

rpj;jhe;j irtk; $Wk; epiyfs; gj;J. mj;Jld; capu;g;Gf; fiyfs; gd;dpuz;L.

mj;Jld; mad;> mup> mud;> Mz;lhd;> mUNsrd;> md;id vd;Dk; jpUNkdpfs; MW

G+jq;fs; Ie;J. QhapW> jpq;fs;> MUapu; %d;W Mfpa tbtq;fs; vl;L. ,it

midj;Jk; rjhrptdhthd;.

mUNshd; G+Tyfpy; rf;jpahfTk;> thd;kz;lyj;jpy; rjhrptkhfTk; tpsq;Fgtd;.

rf;jpAk;> rptKk; epiyj;jpid> ,aq;Fjpid Mfpa ,uz;bd; fz;Zk; ,iae;J

,af;Ftu;. rf;jp cUtkhFk;. rjhrptk; mUTUkhFk;.

rptypq;fj;jpd; mbg;gFjpahfpa gPlk; Xq;fhu tbtKilaJ. mg;gPlj;jpDs;

kiwe;jpUf;Fk; rptypq;fj;jpd; eLg;gFjp fz;lk; vdg;gLk;. rptypq;fj;Jld;


nghUe;jpapUf;Fk; tl;lkhd gFjp cfhukhFk;. rptypq;fj;jpd; Nkw;gFjp %tifg;gLk;.

mit KiwNa fPopUe;J mfuk;> tpe;J> ehjk; vdg;gLk;.

Mj;Jk ypq;fk;

,ij capu;r; rptk; vd;W miog;ghu;. mz;lk;> gpz;lk;> rjhrptk; vd;gd

rptngUkhdpd; jpUNkdpfs; MFk;. mJ Nghy ky ePf;fk; ngw;w J}a;ikahd capUk;

rptngUkhdJ jpUNkdpahFk;. ,jakhfpa jhkiuapy; rptngUkhdpd; tbtpy; capu;

,Ug;gjhff; fUjpr; rptNahfpfs; G+ir nra;tu;.

J}khiaapy; ,Ue;J Njhd;Wk; tpe;J jhq;Fk; MjhukhFk;. mjdhy; jhq;fg;gLk;

ehjk; MNjakhFk;. ,t;tpuz;Lk; jpUtUshy; cyfkhf tpupe;jd. Mjhu tpe;J rpwe;j

gPlkhFk;. ehjNk rptypq;fkhFk;. ,t; ,uz;bdJ Nru;f;ifNa Mj;Jk ypq;fkhFk;.

,ij MUapu;ypq;fk; vd;gu;. rf;jp tbthff; nfhs;sg;gLk; rptypq;fj;jpdJ gPlk; Mtp

epiyahFk;. fOj;jpid xj;j gPlj;jpd; Fop jpUtb czu;thfpa rptQhdkhFk;. NkNy

Njhd;Wk; ,ypq;fk; rptnka;ahFk;. capu;f;F capuhd gukhd;kh rjhrptkhFk;.

MUapu;fs; rptid mUNshL ehbdhy;> me;j ehl;lj;jpd; gadhf clk;ghfpa

NfhtpYf;Fs; Mjpahfpa rptd; GFe;J gs;spnfhs;thd;. mjdhy; jpUtbg; NgW

cz;lhfp ngUtho;T kpFe;J tUk;.

njhd;ikapNyNa MUapu;fs; cau;jw;nghUl;L jpUtUshy; mt; capu;fSf;Ff;

fl;GydhFk;gb Mq;fhq;Nf Njhd;wp mUs; Gupe;jtd; rptd;. mtd; MUapu;fspd;

vy;yhg; Gyd;fspYk; ciwe;jpUg;gtd;. mtidg; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;J njhOjy; Ntz;Lk;.

mg;gbj; njhOtjhy; mtd; Mj;Jkypq;fkhfp kdJs; Nfhtpy; nfhz;lUs;thd;

vd;fpwhu; jpU%yu;.

Qhdypq;fk;

Qhdypq;fj;ij czu;Tr; rptk; vd;gu;. Qhd nrh&gpzpahd ckhNjtpahUk;>

Qhd cUthd rptngUkhDk; ,ize;jpUf;Fk; cUit Qhdypq;fk; vd;gu;. rf;jp

jj;Jtj;jpw;F NkNy cs;sJ. guhrf;jp mg;Nguhw;wypDs;j; jpfo;tJ. rptepiy mjw;F

Nky; mwpTg; ngUntsp epw;Fk;. rptdJ jpUtb vy;yhk; fle;j ,d;g epiyakhFk;.

rptngUkhdpd; gjkhfpa ‘rp’ fuj;ij Kd; itj;J mjd; mUfpy; ghu;tjpapd;

gjkhfpa ‘t’ fuj;ij itj;Jr; ‘rpt’ vd;Dk; kfhfhuz jpUite;njOj;jpd;


nka;ikia czu;e;J mJ $Wk; Qhdepiyapy; epd;W nrgpj;jhy; Ngnuhspahf

Qhdypq;fk; ntspg;gLk;. ,t; topghl;il rptNahfpfs; Nkw;nfhs;tu;.

rptypq;fk; (rptFU)

rptd;> rf;jp> guehjk;> gutpe;J> rjhrptd;> kNfrd;> cUj;jpud;> khy;> mad;

Mfpa xd;gJ tbtq;fs; Nru;e;j Xu; cUjhd; rptypq;fk;. vd;W jpUke;jpuj;jpd; 1745

MtJ ghly; $WfpwJ. mj;Jld; Md;khTf;F epj;jpa ,d;gj;ij vd;Wk; ms;sp

toq;Fk; vd;Wk;> rptypq;fNk rptdpd; rf;jpfs; midj;jpw;Fk; KjyhtJ fhuzpahf

mikfpwJ vd;Wk; jpU%yu; $Wfpd;whu;. rk;ge;ju;> mg;gu;> Re;juu;> khzpf;fthrfg;

ngUkhd; MfpNahu; rptypq;f tbtpy; rptidf; fz;L kfpo;e;jdu;. mjdhy; Kj;jpAk;

mile;jdu;.

Vidaypq;fq;fs;

rptypq;fk;> ryypq;fk;> mryypq;fk; vd ,U tifg;gLfpwJ. rytpq;fk;

GilngaUk; jd;ikahdJ. mryypq;fk; GilngauhjJ. ryypq;fj;ijr; rq;fkypq;fk;

vd;Wk; miog;gu;. kz;> fy;> nghd;> nts;sp> nrk;G Kjypatw;whYk; re;jzk;>

td;dpkuq;fshYk; nra;ag;gl;l rptypq;fq;fis ryypq;fk; vd;gu;. mryypq;fk;

epiyahf fUtiwapy; gpujpl;il nra;Ak; rptypq;fkhFk;.

,t; mry ypq;fq;fs; gy tifg;gLk;.

1. Rak;G ypq;fk; - ahuhYk; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;glhJ. jhdhfj; Njhd;wpa ypq;fj;ijr; Rak;G

ypq;fk; vd;Wk;> jhd;Njhd;wp ypq;fk; vd;Wk; miof;fpd;wdu;.

2. ijtpf ypq;fk; - ,e;j ypq;fk; jpUkhy;> ehd;Kfd; MfpNahuhy; gpujpl;il nra;J

tzq;fg;gl;lit. mtu;fs; jhk; gyk; ngWtjw;fhfTk;

mRuu;fsplkpUe;J fhg;ghw;wg;gLtjw;fhfTk; tzq;fpajhfg;

Guhzq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

3. fhdypq;fk; - gps;isahuhYk;> KUfdhYk;> Njtu;fshYk; tzq;fg;gl;l ypq;fk;

fhzypq;fkhFk;.

4. khdpl ypq;fk; - kdpju;fshy; ];jhgpj;J tzq;fg;gl;l ypq;fq;fis khdpl ypq;fk;

vd;gu;.


5. Muplypq;fk; - Kdptu;fshy; ];jhgpj;J tzq;fg;gl;l ypq;fq;fis Muplypq;fk;

vd;gu;.

6. mRuypq;fk; - mRuu;fs; Njtu;fisg; Nghupy; nty;tjw;fhf mikj;J topgl;l

ypq;fq;fis mRuypq;fk; vd;gu;.

7. Ruypq;fk; - mRuu;fspd; nfhLikfisj; jhq;f Kbahj Njtu;fs; ];jhgpj;J

tzq;fpa ypq;fj;ijr; Ruypq;fnkd;gu;.

8. ghzypq;fk; - ghzhRud; topgl;l ypq;fk;. ,it Neghsj;jpy; cs;sd. ,e;j

ypq;fq;fSk; Rak;Gypq;fq;fNs vd;W fhkpa Mfkk; $WfpwJ.

9. rzpfypq;fk; - ypq;fj;ijj; ];jhgpj;J G+ir Kbj;jgpd; iftplg;gLk; my;yJ

ePupNyh NtW ,lq;fspNyh fiuj;J my;yJ iftpLk; ypq;fj;ij

rzpfypq;fk; vd;gu;. ,e;j ypq;fj;ij kz;> muprpkh> NrhW >

Nfhkak;> ntz;nza;> cUj;jpuhf;fk;> re;jdk;> kyu;fs;> jpUePW>

japu;> ru;f;fiu> jz;zPu; Nghd;w gjpdhW tifg; nghUl;fshy;

nra;J G+ir nra;ayhk;.

kdpju; cUthf;fpa ypq;fq;fs;. ,it ehd;F tifg;gLk;.

1. ml;Nlhj;jpuypq;fk;> rptdJ mfz;lfhuj; jd;ikia xU ypq;fj;Js; mlf;fp

E}w;wpnal;L ypq;fq;fs; mjDs; ,Ug;gjhf epidj;J G+rhghfj;jpy; E}w;nwl;L

tiuNfhLfs; nrJf;fp topgLtJ.

2. rfrpuypq;fk;> Mapuj;J vl;L rfrpukhfpa tiuNfhLfs; ypq;fj;jpy; tiue;J

topgLtJ rfrpuypq;f topghlhFk;.

3. jhuhypq;fk;> G+rh ghfj;jpy; 64 gl;ilfs; nrJf;fp jPl;ba epiyapy; topgLk;

ypq;fk; jhuhypq;fk; vdg;gLk;.

4. Kfypq;fk;> cUt topghl;il Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf %u;j;jq;fs; Clhf ,iwtid

topgl cjTtJ Kfypq;fk;.

xd;gJ ypq;fq;fs;> ehd;Kfd;> ,e;jpud;> mf;fpdp> akd;> epUjp> tUzd;> thA>

FNgud;> <rhdd; MfpNahuJ ngaupy; xd;gJ ypq;fq;fs; cz;L. ,t; xd;gJ


ypq;fq;fspd; ghzj;jpy; ,tu;fsJ iffspy; cs;s rpd;dq;fs;> gilf;fyd;fs;

cs;sd. ,t;nthd;gJ ypq;fq;fisAk; eLT Kjy; vl;Lj; jpirfspYk; gpujpl;il

nra;J G+ir nra;jhy; rfy NgWfSk; te;J NrUk; vd;W Guhzq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

Mjpapy; gpukhTk; tpl;LZTk; jk;Ks; ahu;

ngupatu; vd;W ju;f;fpj;jdu;. tha;j;ju;f;fk; ngUk;

Nghuhf khwpaJ. gy Mapukhz;Lfs; ,UtUk;

cf;fpukhfr; rz;il nra;j NghJ

mtu;fSf;fpilNa xU Nrhjpg;gpok;G Njhd;wpaJ.

mjd; mbAk; KbAk; njd;glhjpUf;f ,UtUk;

kpFe;j Mr;rupaj;Jld; mijg; ghu;j;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jdu;. mg;nghOJ mt;nthypapy; ,Ue;J

ehjk; vOe;jJ. gpd;> “,r; Nrhjpg;gpok;gpd;

mbiaAk;> KbiaAk; ahu; fz;Lgpbf;fpwhNuh

mtu;jhd; ngupatu;” vd;W Xu; mruPjp vOe;jJ.

mijf; Nfl;l gpukhTk; tp\;ZTk; jkf;Fs; xU

Kbitj;Njbf; nfhz;ldu;.

mjd;gb gpukh md;dg; gwitahf tbtnkLj;J Kbiaj; Njbr; nry;y>

tpl;LZ tuhf tbtnkLj;J mbiaj; Njbr; nrd;whu;. gy fhyk; nrd;Wk; mtu;fshy;

mbiaAk;> KbiaAk; fhz Kbatpy;iy. mjdhy; Nrhjpg;gpok;G Njhd;wpa

,lj;jpw;Fj; jpUk;gp te;J mr;Nrhjpg;gpok;ig tzq;fp> “eP ahu;” vd;W Nfl;f mr;

Nrhjpg;gpok;G ,ypq;Nf];tuuhff; fhl;rp nfhLj;jJ. ,J jhd; Nrhjpypq;fk;

,ypq;Nf];tuuhd tuyhW.

mt;thW ,ypq;Nf];tuu; Njhd;wpa tuyhw;iw ,Uf;F Ntjrk;fpijAk;>

,ypq;fGuhzKk;> $u;kGuhzKk;> thAGuhzKk;> rptkfhGuhzKk;> tp\;Z GuhzKk;

tpupthff; $Wfpd;wd. irt rpj;jhe;j KO Kjy; E}yhd jpUke;jpuj;jpd;

,uz;lhe;je;jpuj;jpy; cs;s gj;Jg; ghly;fs; gpukhTk; tpl;LZTk; mbKb Njba

tuyhw;iw tpupthf $Wfpd;wd.

2. ,ypq;fj;Nj Njhd;wpa tbtk; ,ypq;Nfhj;gtu;


,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; cUt mikg;G

rptd; jPapy; ,Ue;J ntspg;gLtJ Nghy ,ypq;Nfhj;gtu; tbtk; rpthyaq;fspy;

mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;Jld; md;dKk;> tuhfKkhf tpl;LZTk;> gpukDk;

ntspg;gLtJ Nghy NkYk; fPOkhf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kpfTk; njhd;ikahd ,t;

tbtk; Fbky;y mfo;tha;tpd; NghJ fz;nlLf;fg;gl;lJ. Mjpj;j NrhodJ fhyk;

tiu fUtiwapd; gpd; Rtupy; kq;ifnahU ghfupd; NfhyNk ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jJ.

mjd;gpd; Kjyhk; guhe;jf;f Nrhodpd; fhyk; njhlf;fk; fUtiwapd; gpd; Rtupy;

,ypq;Nfhj;gtu; tbtk; ,lk;ngwyhapw;W.

,ypq;fj;jpd; eLNt rptngUkhDk;> Nkw;gFjpapy; ehd;Kfd; md;dkhfTk;>

fPo;g;Gwj;jpy; jpUkhy; tuhfkhfTk; cs;s ,ypq;Nfhj;gtu; tbtk; rptd; Nfhtpy;fspy;

nghJthff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. rpy rptd; Nfhtpy;fspy; rptngUkhdpd; ,UGwKk;

ehd;KfDk;> jpUkhYk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;.

jpUtz;zhkiyr; rptd; Nfhtpypy; ,ypq;fj;jpd; Nkw;gFjpapy; md;dKk;>

fPo;g;gFjpapy; tuhfKk; cs;sJ Nghy mikf;fg;gl;lNghJk; eLtpy; rptngUkhd;

md;id cikAlDk; jdJ thfdkhd fhisAlDk; epd;w epiyapy;

mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

tlehl;bYs;s rptd; Nfhtpy;fspy; rptd; mku;e;jpUf;fpwhd;. ehd;KfDk;

jpUkhYk; mtiu Fdpe;J tzq;fpagb epw;gjhf ,ypq;Nfhj;gtu; tbtk;

mikf;fg;gl;Ls;shu;.

Mfkq;fspy; ,ypq;fj;Nj Njhd;wpa tbtk;

mk;Rkj;Ngjhfkj;jpy; rptdJ tbtk; re;jpuNrfu tbtpy; ,ypq;fj;jpd; Kfg;gpy;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. fhuzhfkj;jpy;> ,ypq;fj;jpd; NkYk; fPOk; 1/5 gq;F cauk; tplg;gl;L

,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; tbtk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t; tbtj;jpy; rptdpd; fhy;fs;

njd;gltpy;iy. ,ypq;fj;jpd; tyJ gf;fk; md;dj;jpd; tbtpYk;> ,lJ gf;fk;

tuhfj;jpd; tbtpYk; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpukhTk; tpl;LZTk; if$g;gp rptid

tzq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs;. fhkpa Mfkj;jpy; Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;lit ,Ue;jNghJk;>

mjpy; md;dj;jpd; msT rptDila Kfj;jpd; msit xj;jjhfTk;> tuhfj;jpd;

msT mJ Nghy ,uz;L klq;fhdjhfTk; cs;sJ. mj;Jld; tuhfk; epyj;ijj;

Jisg;gJ Nghy cs;sJ. ,t;thfkk; rptdpd; ehd;F fuq;fspy; xd;wpy; fhj;jy;


Fwpg;Gk;> kw;nwhd;wpy; mUl;Fwpg;Gk;> %d;whtJ fuj;jpy; kOTk;> ehd;fhtJ fuj;jpy;

khDk; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;fpwJ Kbapy; gpiwr; re;jpud; xspu;fpwhd;.

rptypq;fj;jpd; eLNt mikf;fg;gLk; re;jpuNrfu tbtk; kpfkpf mofpa tbtkhf

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W rpy;guj;dh> fhrpag rpy;grhj;jpuk;> = jj;Jtepjp Mfpa E}y;fs;

typAWj;jpf; $wpAs;sd. ruRtjPa rpj;jpufu;k rhj;jpuk; ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; ehd;F

fuq;fspy; xd;wpy; fhj;jy; FwpaPLk; kw;nwhd;wpy; mUsy; FwpaPLk;> kw;w ,uz;L

fuq;fspy; %q;fpy; jbAk;> jPAk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> rilKbapy; gpiwr; re;jpud;

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; nrhy;fpwJ.

jpUKiwfspd; ,ypq;fj;Nj Njhd;wpa tbtk;

jpUKiwfspy; gy ,lq;fspy; ,ypq;fj;Nj Njhd;wpa tbtj;ijg; gw;wp

ehad;khu;fs; ghbAs;sdu;. jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; jhd; ghba gjpfq;fs; vy;yhtw;wpYk;

xd;gjhtJ ghlypy; ,ypq;fj;jpy; Njhd;wpa tbtk; gw;wpg; ghLfpwhu;> “mup mad; Njl

epd;w ngUkhd;” vd;w tup ,ijNa Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,ijtplr; rk;ge;ju; joyhdtd;>

fdYUtpdd;> vupjUKUtpdd;> nre;joYUtpdd;> nre;joy; nfhz;l Nkdpad; vd;Dk;

nrhw;fshy; ,ypq;fj;jpypUe;J Njhd;wpa tbtpid tu;zpf;fpwhu;.

jpUehTf;fuR ehadhu; jdJ Njthuj;jpy; E}w;wpapUgj;ije;J ,lq;fspy;

,ypq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wpa tbitr; rpwg;ghfg; ghLfpwhu;. ,jpy;> ‘nre;joYUtd;>

moy;NghYUtd;> vupnfhs;Nkdpau;> Muoy; %u;j;jp> Koq;foyha; ePz;l %u;j;jp vd

,ypq;Nfhj;gt tbtj;ijr; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $Wfpwhu;.

Re;ju %u;j;jp ehadhu; jdJ Njthug; ghly;fspy; Kg;gj;ije;J ,lq;fspy;

,ypq;Nfhj;gtiug; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. “Qhd;Rlu; vd;Wk;> Rlu;r; Nrhjp vd;Wk;>

Nrhjpau; vd;Wk;> NrhjpAl; Nrhjp vd;Wk;> eyq;nfhs;Nrhjp vd;Wk; ,ypq;fj;Nj

Njhd;wpa rptidr; Re;juu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

ePz;l khDk; maDk; ntUt ePz;l neUg;G vd;Wk;> MjpAk; me;jKkpy;yh

mUl;ngUQ; Nrhjpnad;Wk; khzpf;fthrf Rthkpfs; jpUthrfj;jpy; $Wfpwhu;.

,ypq;Nfhj;gtu %u;j;jp Njhd;wpa jpdk; rptuhj;jpup vd;W fe;jGuhzk; $WfpwJ.

rptkfhGuhzk; ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; Njhw;wk; gw;wp kpfTk; tpupthff; $WfpwJ.

gpukNjtUk; kfhtp\;ZTk; mbKbiaj; Njb mijf; fhzhj NghJ kPz;Lk;


mr;Nrhjp cUthd ,lj;jpw;F te;J ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; tbtj;ijf; fz;ldu;. mij

mtu;fs; ehujUf;Ff; $wpdu;. “ehujNu> ehk; ,Utupy; vk;kpilNa Njhd;wpa

mUl;ngUr; Nrhjpia tzq;fp> “Mz;ltNd> ckJ Ra tbitf; fhl;Lk;. mj;Jld;

ePu; ahu;vd;W nrhy;Yk;” vd;W Nfl;lNghJ mr;Nrhjpapd; eLNt Xk; vd;w cUitf;

fz;Nlhk;. mJ #upaidtplg; gpufhrkhf ,Ue;jJ. mJ Ie;J jpUKfq;fSlDk;>

gj;Jj; jpUf;fuq;fSlDk;> gr;irf; fw;G+uj;jpd; epwj;ijAk; cilajhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

mJ gytpjkhd Mguzq;fisAk; mzpe;J kpfTk; fk;gPukhff; fhl;rpaspj;jJ.

mijf; fz;L tpag;Gld; Jjpj;j NghJ rptngUkhd; mr; Nrhjpf;Fs; ,ypq;fkhfj;

Njhd;wpdhu;”. ,t;thW muDk; mupAk; ehujUf;Ff; $wpajhfr; rptkfh Guhzk;

$WfpwJ.

,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; rpw;gq;fs;

rptdJ ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; jpUTUtq;fs; fUtiwf;Fg; gpd;dhy; cs;s Rtupy;

rpw;gkhfr; nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thwhd rpw;gq;fs; ,e;jpag; ngU ehl;by; gd;dpuz;L

cs;sd vd;W tuyhW $WfpwJ. ,ijtplg; gy rptd;Nfhtpy;fspy; ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd;

rpw;gq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

jpUNts;tpf;Fb> jpUf;flT+u;> jQ;irg; ngupa Nfhtpy;> jpUthyPRtuk;> fPOu;

tPul;lhNd];tuu;> fhu;fNfhNlRtuk;> Fd;wf;Fb Fiff; Nfhtpy;> gdfy;> RrPe;jpuk;>

jpUGtdk;> jpUkak; Fiff;Nfhtpy;> Fbky;Y}u;> jpUtz;zhkiy> <rhdklk;>

fhQ;rpifyha ehju; Nfhtpy; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; cUitg; gpujpl;il

nra;J topgLfpd;wdu;.

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l Nfhtpy;fspy; ,ypq;Nfhw;gtupd; tbtq;fs; khWghLiladthfTk;

,Uf;fpd;wd. fUe;jhl;lq;Fb trpl;Nl];tuu; Nfhtpypy; jpUkhYk;> gpukhTk; ,Lg;gpy;

if itj;j tz;zk; fhl;rp jUfpd;wdu;. jpUNts;tpf; Fbapy; ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd;

,Ugf;fKk; ,lgj;Jld; $ba khnjhLghfu;> khnyhU$wd; rpw;gq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

fhu;f;NfhlNfRtuf; Nfhtpypy; ,ypq;Nfhj;gt %u;j;jpiar; Rw;wpj; jPr;Rlu;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. rptngUkhdJ rpurpy; md;dKk;> jhok;G+Tk; cs;sd. jpUtbapy;

tuhf %u;j;jp fhzg;gLfpwhu;.

fP*u; tPul;lhNd];tuu; Nfhtpypy; ,ypq;Nfhj;gt %u;j;jpapd; rlh kFlk; kl;Lk;

njspthfj; njupfpwJ. ngUkhdpd; gpd; tyf;fuj;jpy; guRs;sJ. jpUtbfisf;

fhl;lhJ mbatu;fSf;Ff; fhl;rp jUfpwhu;.


jQ;irg; ngupa Nfhtpypy; khd;kO Ve;jpa rptngUkhdpd; KO cUtKk;

cs;sJ. nghJthf ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; rpw;gq;fspy; ghjq;fSk; jiy cr;rpAk;

fhl;lg;gLtjpy;iy. ,r;rpw;gj;jpy; rq;Fk; rf;fuKk; Ve;jpa jpUkhy; kz;bapl;L

,ypq;Nfhj;gtiu tzq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;. ,t; mikg;Gg; gw;wpr; rpw;g E}y;fs;

vitAk; $wtpy;iy.

Fd;wf; Fbf; Fiff; Nfhtpypy; gpukhTk; tpl;LZTk; mbKb NjLk; fhl;rpiar;

nrt;tf tbtpy; mike;Js;sdu;. ,q;F jpUkhy; jdJ gpd; ,U fuq;fspYk; mf;f

khiy> fkz;lyk; Mfpatw;iw Ve;jp> Kd; ,U fuq;fshy; rptngUkhid

tzq;fpagb fhzg;gLfpwhu;. jpUKbia Nehf;fp tp\;Z md;dtbtpy; thid

Nehf;fpg; gwf;Fk; fhl;rp rpwg;ghdJ. Mdhy; tuhf mtjhuk; fhl;lg;gltpy;iy.

jpUkak; Filtiuf; Nfhtpy; 1300 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;G mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,f;

Nfhtpypd; vjpu;g;Gwr; Rtupy; ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; FilTr; rpw;gk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,q;F

,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; tyJ ifapy; tujKj;jpiuAk;> ,lf;if fl;atyk;gpjkhfTk;

fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ. gpd;dhy; fuq;fs; ,y;iy. ,Lg;gsNt ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; cUtk;

fhzg;gLfpwJ.

fhQ;rp ifyha ehju; Nfhtpypy; ,ypq;Nfhj;gtu; vl;Lf;iffSld; fhl;rp

nfhLf;fpwhu;. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s rptd; Nfhtpy;fs; midj;jpYk; ,ypq;Nfhj;gt

%u;j;jpapd; nrh&gq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; tbtj;jpy; rpy khWjy;fs;

,Uf;fpd;wd. mit fhykhw;wj;jhy; Vw;gl;ldntd;Nw $Wjy; Ntz;Lk;.

,yf;fpaq;fspy; ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; tbtk;

,e;Jrka ,yf;fpaq;fs; gyTk; ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; tbtk; gw;wpAk; mJ Njhd;wpa

tuyhW gw;wpAk; $Wfpwd;wd. jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fy;yhlk; vd;w E}y; ,ypq;fj;jpy;

,Ue;J Njhd;wpa tbtj;ijg; gw;wp tpsf;fkhff; $WfpwJ. khYk; maDk; ju;f;fpj;j

NghJ xspj;jk;gk; Njhd;wpajpypUe;J khYk; maDk; gd;wpAk;> md;dKkhf cUkhwp

xspg;gpok;gpd; mbiaAk; KbiaAk; Njbf;fhzhJ jpUk;gp te;J xspg;gpok;gpy;

Njhd;wpa ,ypq;Nfhj;gtiuf; fz;lijf; fy;yhlk; tpupthff; $WfpwJ. mtu;fs;

xspg;gpok;gpd; mbiaAk; KbiaAk; fhzhikahy; jpUk;gp te;J Ie;njOj;ij

Xjpajhy; rptngUkhd; mtu;fsJ gpuhu;j;jidiaf; fz;L kfpo;e;J xspg;gpok;gpDs;

kOTk;> khDk;> cLf;if Ve;jpa ifAlDk;> new;wpf; fz;ZlDk;> jPiag; Nghd;w

fOj;JlDk;> rilKbapy; mzpe;j nfhd;id khiyAlDk;> vUf;fiy kyu;fshy;


fl;ba khiyiaj; jpUtbapy; mzpe;J nfhz;Lk; ntspg;gl;L mtu;fSf;Ff; fhl;rp

nfhLj;jhu; vd;W $WfpwJ.

rptngUkhd; ,ypq;Nfhj;gtuhf eLf;flypy; xspkakhd ,ypq;f tbtpy; jiyapy;

gpiwr;re;jpuid mzpe;J VfKfkhfj; Njhd;wpdhu; vd;Wk;> gpukDk;> jpUkhYk; jkJ

jiyNky; iffisf; $g;gpa tz;zk; rptdpd; ,U gf;fq;fspYk; epd;W tzq;fpdu;

vd;Wk; fhQ;rpg; Guhzk; $WfpwJ. ,it jtpu jpUf;NfhitahUk;> tpy;ypGj;J}uUk;>

fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahUk; ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; tbtj;ijj; jkJ ,yf;fpaq;fspy;

$wpAs;sdu;.

cUt topghl;by; kpfTk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWtJ

Kfypq;f topghlhFk;. cUt topghl;bd; %yk; vspjhf

,iwtid milayhk;. Kfypq;fk;> Ml;ak;> mehl;ak;>

RNul;ak;> ru;trk; vd ehd;F tifg;gLk;.

1. Ml;aypq;fk; - rptypq;fj;jpd; rptghfj;jpy; Mapuk;

Kfq;fs; rpW cUz;il tbthf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j

vz;zpf;if mbKjy; cr;rptiu Ik;gJ ,Uf;Fk;. Rw;wptu

,UgJ ,Uf;Fk; nkhj;jk; Mapuk; Kfq;fs;. ,d;ndhd;wpy;

mbKjy; cr;rptiu ehw;gJ ,Uf;Fk;. Rw;Wtup

,Ugj;ije;J ,Uf;Fk;. nkhj;jk; Mapuk; Kfq;fs;.

jpUnthw;wpA+u;> jpUtpil> jpUitahW> Fk;gNfhzk;>

kUJ}u; Nghd;w rpy jyq;fspy; Mapuk; Kfq;fisf; nfhz;l ,ypq;fq;fs;

cs;sd.

2. mehl;a ypq;fj;jpw;F Kfq;fs; ,y;iy.

3. RNul;a ypq;fk; - ,J E}w;W vl;L Kfq;fis cilaJ. rptypq;fj;jpd;

rhghfj;jpy; rpW cUz;il tbtpy; nrq;Fj;jhf ,k; Kfq;fs; mike;jpUf;Fk;.

xU Rw;wpy; ,Ugj;NjOKf ypq;fq;fs; cz;L. ehd;F tupr; Rw;wpy; E}w;nwl;L

Kf ypq;fq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;.

4. ru;tr ypq;fk; - ,J KOikahd cWg;Gf;fis cila Kf ypq;fkhFk;. ,J

Ie;J Kfypq;fk;> ehd;F Kfypq;fk;> %d;W Kfypq;fk;> ,uz;L Kfypq;fk;> xU

Kfypq;fk; vd Ie;J tifg;gLk;.

3. Kfypq;f tbtk;


Ie;J Kfypq;fk;

Ie;J Kfypq;fj;jpd; G+rh ghfj;jpd;

Nkw;gFjpapd; cr;rpapy; ,Ug;gJ <rhd

Kfk;> fpof;F Nehf;fp ,Uf;Fk; Kfk;

jw;GUlKfk;> njw;F Nehf;fp ,Uf;Fk;

Kfk; mNfhuKfk;> Nkw;F Nehf;fpa Kfk;

rj;jpNahrhj Kfk;> tlf;F Nehf;fpa

Kfk; thkNjt Kfk; vdg;gLk;.

Ie;J Kfq;fis cila rptypq;fk;

jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s fhQ;rpGuk; Vfhk;gehju; NfhtpypYk; jQ;rhT+upy; cs;s

,uhrNfhghy Rthkp NfhtpypYk; ,Uf;fpwJ. tlehl;by; Nfhjhtup ejp cw;gj;jpahFk;

ehrpf;fpy; ryitf; fy;yhyhd Ie;J Kfr; rptypq;fk; cs;sJ

ehd;F Kf ,ypq;fk; - jw;GUlk; mNuhfk;> thkNjtk;> rj;Nahrhjk; vd;w ehd;F

Kfq;fSk; KiwNa fpof;F> njw;F> tlf;F> Nkw;Fj; jpirfspy; cs;sd.

,t;tifahd ehd;F Kfq;fis cila ,ypq;fq;fs; jkpo; ehl;by; jpUthidf;fh>

kJiu> fhsj;jp> jpUtjpif Mfpa ,lq;fspYk; tlehl;by; gR gjpehj; NfhtpypYk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

%d;W Kf ,ypq;fk; - jw;GUlk;> mNfhuk;> thkNjfk; Mfpa %d;W Kfq;fis cila

,ypq;fq;fs; KiwNa fpof;F> njw;F> tlf;Fj; jpirfspy; cs;sd. ,e;j ,ypq;fk;

njhz;il ehl;by; cs;s jpUtf;fiuapy; cs;sJ.

,UKf ,ypq;fk; - jw;GUlk;> rj;Nah rhjk; Mfpa ,U Kfq;fis cilaJ ,t;

,ypq;fk;. ,t; ,ypq;fj;jpd; Kfq;fs; fpof;F Nehf;fpAk;> Nkw;F Nehf;fpAk; ,Uf;Fk;.

xU Kf ,ypq;fk; - ,t; ,ypq;fj;jpw;F fpof;Fj; jpirapy; cs;s jw;GUl Kfk; kl;Lk;

cs;sJ. ,ij rh&g ,ypq;fk; vdTk; miog;gu;.

Nfhtpy;fspd; xU NfhGuk; ,Ue;jhy; xU Kf ypq;fj;ijAk;> ,uz;L NfhGuq;fs;

,Ue;jhy; ,uz;L Kf ,ypq;fj;ijAk;> %d;W NfhGuk; ,Ue;jhy; %d;W Kf

,ypq;fj;ijAk;> ehd;F NfhGukpUe;jhy; ehd;F Kf ,ypq;fj;ijAk;> Ie;J NfhGuq;fs;

,Ue;jhy; Ie;J KfKila rpt ,ypq;fj;ijAk; gpujpl;il nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W

‘rpw;guj;jpdk;’ vd;w E}y; $WfpwJ.


Ie;J Kfq;fis cila rptypq;fj;jpw;F mu;r;rid nra;tjhdhy; Ie;J

rpthr;rhupahu;fs; tupirg;gb epd;W Itifahd kyu;fshYk;> Itifahd

gr;rpiyfshYk; mu;r;rid nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Kfk; ,y;yhj ,ypq;fj;jpw;Fk; Ie;J

Kfq;fs; ,Ug;gjhfg; ghtid nra;J Ie;J rpthr;rhupahu;fs; Ie;J tifahd

kyu;fshYk;> gr;rpiyfshYk; mu;r;rid nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

rpthfkq;fis cgNjrpg;gjw;fhfr;

rptngUkhd; Ie;J Kfq;fisf; nfhz;l rjhrpt

,ypq;fkhf mtjhunkLj;jhu;. cr;rpapy; <rhd

KfKk;> fpor;rpy; jw;GUl KfKk;> njw;fpy;

mNfhu KfKk;> tlf;fpy; thkNjt KfKk;>

Nkw;fpy; rj;Nahrhj KfKk; nfhz;L rjhrpt

tbtkhdhu;. ,j;jpUTUTf;Fg; gj;Jj;

jpUf;fuq;fs; cz;L. ,t;tbtj;ij cila

,ypq;fk; Nfhtpy;fspy; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. kpfkpf

mUikahfr; rpy ,lq;fspd; fUq;fy;> Rij>

cNyhfk; Mfpatw;why; nra;ag;gl;l NghJk; kf;fs; topgLtjpy;iy.

mUq;fhl;rpahfq;fspNyNa ,it cs;sd.

xt;nthU Kfj;jpYk; %d;W fz;fs; cz;L. cr;rpapy; cs;s <rhd Kfk;

gspq;F epwKilaJ. jw;GUl Kfk; Nfhq;fpd; G+tpd; epwj;ijAilaJ. mNfhuKfk;

gPjpA+l;Ltjhf ,Uf;Fk;. mJ mtpo;e;j jhbAld;> fWg;G epwkhf ,Uf;Fk;. thkNjt

Kfk; mofhd ngz;zpd; Kfk;Nghy tdg;G kpf;f nrk;gts epwkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

rj;Nahrhj Kfk; Foe;ijj; jd;ikAld; ntz;ikahd epwk; nfhz;lJ.

jpUKbapy; nfhd;iw kyu;khiy mzpe;J gpiwr; re;jpiuidr; #br; rlh kFlk;

jupj;jtuhf ,Ug;ghu;. gspq;F Nghd;w jpUNkdpia cila mtUf;Fg; gj;Jf; fuq;fs;

cz;L. tyg;gf;fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; Ie;J fuq;fspYk; mgak;> #yk;> Nty;> khj;jpiuf;

Nfhy;> jkUfk; vd;gtw;iwAk; Vida ,lg;gf;fj;J Ie;J fuq;fspy; tujk;>

khJsk;gok;> ehfk;> nrgkhiy> ePNyhw;gyk; Mfpatw;Wld; ,uz;L jpUtbfis

cilatuha; gJkhrdj;jpy; vOe;jUspapUg;ghu;.

4. rjhrpt tbtk;


rjhrpt tbtj;jpy; ,Ue;J jhd; Vida rpt tbtq;fs; Njhd;wpd. <rhd

Kfj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,Ugj;njl;L irt Mfkq;fs; Njhd;wpd. Vida ehd;F Kfq;fspy;

,Ue;Jk; ehd;kiwfs; Njhd;wpd. rpt Mfkq;fs; ,Ugj;njl;Lk; rptgpuhdpd;

cWg;Gf;fshFk;.

fhkpak;> Nahfrk;> rpe;jpak;> fhuzk;> mrpjk;> jPg;jk;> #l;rkk;> rf];uk;> mkRkj;>

Rg;gpuNgjk;> tpuak;> jpr;thrk;> tak;Gtk;> mdyk;> tPuk;> nusutk;> kFlk;> tpkyk;>

re;jpu Qhdk;> Kfgpk;gk;> GNuhj;fPjk;> yypjk;> rpj;jk;> re;jhdk;> ru;Nthf;jk;>

ghuNkr;Rtuk;> fpuzk;> thJik vd ,Ugj;njl;L Mfkq;fs; cs;sd.

“M” vd;gJ Qhdk;. ‘f’ vd;gJ Nkhl;rk;. ‘k;’ vd;gJ Mztk; mopjy;. cyf

capu;fspd; Mztj;ij ePf;fp> midj;J capu;fisAk; ca;tpg;gjw;fhfr;

rptngUkhdplkpUe;J ntspg;gl;litNa Mfkq;fs;. mjid mUspa tbtk; rjhrpt

tbtkhFk;.

,uhruhr Nrhog; ngU kd;dd; rjhrpt %u;j;jpapd; kPJ nfhz;l ngUk;gf;jpapd;

fhuzkhfj; jQ;irg; ngUTilahu; Nfhtpypd; tpkhdj;jpd; gy epiyfspYk; rjhrpt

%u;j;jpapd; cUtr; rpiyfis mikj;jhd;. mj;Jld; rjhrptj; jj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Fk;

‘gQ;rNjf’ %u;j;jp vd;w gQ;rNyhfj; jpUNkdpiaAk; ,f;Nfhtpypy; mikj;J

topgl;lhd;. ,jd; tpguq;fs; mlq;fpa fy;ntl;ilAk; ,q;F epWtpdhd;. Mdhy;

,t;tbtk; ,g;NghJ mq;fpy;iy.

fk;Nghbahtpy; Mq;nfhu; efupy; cs;s rpthyaj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;l NfhGuj;jpy;

ehd;F gf;fq;fspYk; ehd;F rptdpd; jiyfs; rjhrpt tbtpy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

tl ,e;jpahtpy; Nkw;Fg; gQ;rhg;gpy; cs;s gNrhypg;gs;sp> khz;bg;gs;sp>

nlfupfhu; thy;gs;sp Mfpa ,lq;fspy; rpw;rpy khWjy;fSld; rjhrptdpd; tbtk;

rpj;jpukhf tiuag;gl;Ls;sJ.

kNf];tu tbtq;fspy; xd;whd rq;fuehuhaz tbtk; xd;W njd;ehl;bYk;>

Nkw;Fg; gQ;rhg;gpYk; Xtpakhf tiuag;gl;Ls;sJ. tyg;ghfk; rptdhfTk;> ,lg;ghfk;

jpUkhyhfTk; ,Uf;Fk; ,t;tbtk; Ntnwq;Fk; ,y;iy.


kfh rjhrptg; ngUkhDf;F Ie;J jpUKfq;fs;. xt;nthU

jpUKfj;jpYk; Ie;J rpt tbtq;fs; cz;L. Ie;jpYk;

,Ugj;ije;J rpt tbtq;fs; cz;L. ,Ugj;ije;J Kfq;fs;>

Ik;gJ jpUf;iffs; nfhz;l Nghf mjpfhuk; mlq;fpa

%u;j;jpjhd; kfh rjhrpt tbtk;. ,j;jifa rpwg;Gkpf;f kfh

rjhrpt %u;j;jpiar; rpthyaq;fspy; itj;J topgLtjpy;iy.

Nfhtpy; NfhGuq;fspy; fij tbtpy; ,t;tbtj;ij

mikj;Js;sdu;.

kfh rjhrpt %u;j;jp ifyhaj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl

gf;ju;fSf;F mUs;thu; vd;W =];fe;j Guhzk; $WfpwJ. ‘=

jj;Jt epjp’ vd;Wk; E}y; kfhrjhrpt %u;j;jpia kfhifyha %u;j;jp vd;W $WfpwJ.

ifahyj;jpy; kyu;e;j jhkiu kyu; kPJ tPw;wpUf;Fk; kfhrjhrpt %u;j;jp

vz;zw;w #upau;fsplj;Jf; fhzg;gLk; Ngnuhspia tpl mjpfg; Ngnuhspia

cilatu;. clnyq;Fk; ePW jupj;jpUg;gtu;. ghk;igg; G+E}yhf mzpe;jtu;. xt;nthU

Kfj;jpYk; Kf; fz;fisf; nfhz;ltu;. tyJ fhiyj; njhq;ftpl;L> ,lJ fhiy

klf;fpr; rpq;fhrdj;jpy; mku;e;jpUg;ghu;. mtuJ Ik;gJ jpUf;iffspYk; gy;NtW

tpjkhd nghUl;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. mit

tyJ iffspy; ,lJ iffspy;

1. mgak; 1. tujk;

2. rf;fuk; 2. tpy;

3. #yk; 3. khd;

4. csp 4. rq;fk;

5. mk;G 5. Nflak;

6. fij 6. ghrk;

7. jhkiu 7. Nfhlup

8. fj;jp 8. Kj;jfk;

9. Njhkuk; 9. cLf;if

10. Rj;jp 10. kzp

11. fpuhrk; 11. Rtb

12. guR 12. cUj;jpu tPiz

13. ghk;G 13. fghyk;

5. kfh rjhrpt tbtk;


14. fyg;ig 14. Kz;lk;

15. mq;Frk; 15. fl;thq;fk;

16. mf;fkhiy 16. G+Rz;b

17. Rupif (rpW fj;jp) 17. gupfk;

18. Nfhb 18. gyif

19. jz;lk; 19. gl;lrk;

20. tr;rpuk; 20. gpuk;G

21. fe;jk; 21. fkz;lyk;

22. m];jpfk; \;l;uk; 22. mdy;

23. uk;gk; 23. fj;jupf;Nfhy;

24. gpz;b 24. cyf;if

25. ghyk; 25. kapy; Njhif

kJiu kPdhl;rp Re;jNu];tuu; Nfhtpypd; mq;faw;fz;zp mk;ikahupd; fpof;F

Kjw; NfhGuj;jpy; 9 > 7 > 5 > 3 > 1 vd;w tupirapy; kfhrjhrptd; fijtbtpy;

fhzg;gLfpwhu;.

fhQ;rpGuk; fufNuRtuu; Mya tpkhdj;jpYk;> itj;jP];tud; Nfhtpy; Nkiyf;

NfhGuj;jpd; njd;gf;fKk; kfhrjhrptu; fij tbtpy; cs;shu;.

rptngUkhd; ckhNjtpahUld; gpupahjpUf;Fk;

tbtNk ckhkNfru; tbtkhFk;. ,e;epiyapy;

mk;gpif> “ghu;ah nrsf;agpujhapdp” vd;W

miof;fg;gLfpwhs;. rptdJ mUl;rf;jpNa cik.

rptd; mikjpepiyahdtu;. rf;jp Mw;wy;

epiyahdtu;. rptngUkhd; Ie;njhopy;fisAk;

,t;tbtj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj nra;fpwhu;.

ckhkNfru; xU Kfj;ijAk;>

Kf;fz;fisAk;> ehd;F iffisAk; nfhz;ltu;.

Rfhrdj;jpy; mku;e;j ,tu; Gypj;Njhiy

6. ckhkNf];tuu; tbtk;


mzpe;jpUg;ghu;. gd;dpUiffspYk; khidAk;> kOitAk; itj;jpUg;ghu;. Kd; tyf;if

fhf;Fk; ifahFk;. ,lf;if mUSk; ifahFk;. cik xU Kfj;JlDk; ,uz;L

iffSlDk; fhl;rpaspg;ghu;. tyf;ifapy; jhkiu kyu; ,Uf;Fk;. ,lf;if rpk;Gfu;zk;

my;yJ ,Uf;ifapy; gjpe;jthW ,Uf;Fk;. cik jdJ tyf;fhiyj; njhq;ftpl;lgb

mku;e;jpUg;ghu;.

rpy;tuj;jpdj;jpd;gb mtdJ tyJ ifapy; Ftis kyu; ,Uf;Fk;. ,lf;if

fhf;Fk; ifahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,t;tbtpy; rptDk; cikAk; Xu; Mrdj;jpy; my;yJ

jdpj;jdp Mrdq;fspy; ,Uf;fyhk;.

,t;tbtj;ij cik Nfs;tpd; tbtk; vd;W miog;gu;. cikAld; Nru;e;j

,t;tbtj;ij tpy;ypahu;> ‘cikf;F ehafd;’> ‘cikats; fztd;’> ‘ckhgjp’ vd;W

Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. mj;Jld; ‘<rNdhLiknad’ ctkpf;fpwhu;.

ckhkNfru tbtk; ,e;jpahtpy; gy Nfhtpy;fspy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,J jtpu

Neghsk;> jpngj;> ,e;NjhNdrpah> ,yq;ifapy; jpUf;NfjPr;ruj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

jkpo;ehl;by; Vuhskhd Nfhtpypy; ,t; tbtk; cz;L.

rPu;fhopapy; cs;s gpuAuP];tuu; Myaj;jpd; tpkhdj;jpd; eLg;gFjpapy; Njhzpapy;

mku;e;J fhl;rpaspf;fpwhu;. ,jdhy; ,q;F ,tiuj; Njhzpag;gu; vd;gu;.

jpUQhdrk;ge;jg; ngUkhDf;F mk;ik nghw;fpz;zj;jpy; ghY}l;baJ ,j;jyj;jpy;jhd;.

fUg;gwptY}u; Nfhtpy; fl;Lkiy kPJ ckh kNfRtuu; re;epjp mike;Js;sJ. ,f;

Nfhtpypd; Kd; kz;lgj;jpYk; ckh kNf];tu %u;j;jp cs;shu;.

fhQ;rpapYk;> kJiuapYk; ,t;tbtk; cz;L. kJiuf; Nfhtpypy; J}z; rpw;gkhf

,j;jpU tbtk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

Nfushtpy; cs;s gy Nfhtpy;fspy; ckhkNf];tu tbtq;fs; rpw;gkhfTk;>

XtpakhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kk;kpA+u;r; rpthyaj;jpy; ,t;tbtk; tz;z Xtpakhfj;

jPl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. jpU mQ;irf;fsj; Nfhtpypd; tlf;F cs; jpUr;Rw;wpy;

ckhkNf];tuUf;Fr; re;epjp cs;sJ. ,q;F rptdpd; kbkPJ cik mku;e;jpUf;fpwhs;.

nfhy;yk; efupy; cs;s Nfhtpypy; rptd; fhisapYk;> cik rpk;kj;jpYk;

mku;e;jpUf;fpwhs;.

fUehlfj;jpy; cs;s Rg;gpukzpau; Nfhtpypy; kpfg; ngupastpy; ckh

kNf];tuupd; re;epjp cs;sJ. ,q;F cikiaj; jdJ kbapy; mku;j;jp gQ;rNyhf

tbtpy; rptd; fhl;rpaspf;fpwhu;.


Neghsj;jpy; &gkz;lyk;> tp\;Z ju;Nkhj;jpuk; Mfpa E}y;fspy; $wpagb ckh

kNf];tuu; tbtq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. cau;e;j gPlnkhd;wpy; rptngUkhd;

tPw;wpUf;f mtUf;F ,lg;Gwkhf mtu; kPJ rha;e;J cik mku;e;jpUf;fpwhs;. jdJ

tyf;ifiar; rptngUkhd; kPJ gjpj;Jk;> ,lf;ifapy; cs;s fz;zhbapy; jdJ

Kfj;ijg; ghu;j;jgbAk; cik mku;e;jpUf;fpwhs;.

Nrho kd;du;fs; ckh kNf];tuu; jpUTUtq;fisj; jq;fj;jhy; nra;J

topgl;ldu;. Nrhog; Nguurp gQ;rtd;khNjtp jq;fj;jhy; nra;j ckh kN];tuu;

jpUTUit NfhtpYf;Ff; nfhLj;jjhfj; jpUtpilkLJ}u; fy;ntl;Lf; $WfpwJ.

ik#iu Mz;l [ju; myp vd;w murd; jq;f ehzaj;jpd; xU Gwj;jpy; ckh

kNf];tuupd; jpUTUitg; nghwpj;J> kWgf;fj;jpy; ‘d`’ vd;w vOj;ijAk; nghwpj;J

ntspapl;lhd;. me;j ehzaq;fspy; xd;W nrd;id mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpy; cs;sJ.

,j;jq;f ehzak; %d;W fpuhk; vilAilaJ. ,j; jq;f ehzaj;jpy; cik rptdpd;

kbkPJ xa;ahukhf mku;e;jpUf;fpwhs;.

Gul;lhjp> khu;fop khjj;jpy; tUk; tsu;gpiw ml;lkp> rJu;j;jrp ngsu;zkp

njhlf;fk; Ie;J ehl;fSf;F ckh kNf];tuUf;F tpujkpUe;J topgl;lhy; topgLNthu;

tpUk;gpa tuj;ij ,yFthfg; ngWtu;.

jf;fdpd; kfshf mtjupj;j jhl;rhazp> jf;fd;

rptepj;ij nra;jijg; nghWf;f KbahJ rptdplk;

Ntz;l mtu; rptgf;jdhd ,khry kd;dDf;F cik

vd;Dk; kfshfg; gpwe;J jd;id miltha; vd;W

mUspdhu;. mjd;gb jhl;rhazp ,kakiy murDf;F

cik vd;Dk; kfshfg; gpwe;jhs;. cupa taij

mile;jJk; ,kakiy murd; cikiar;

rptngUkhDf;Fj; jpUkzk; nra;J itj;jhd;.

xU ehs; cik rptngUkhdpd; mUfpy; te;J

jdf;F ke;jpujPl;ir nra;J rpthfkq;fis cgNjrpf;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;lhs;. mij kfpo;Tld; Nfl;l

rptngUkhd; cikf;F ke;jpujPl;ir nra;J rpthfkq;fis cgNjrpj;jhu;. gpd;G gpuzt

7. Rfhrdu; tbtk; ey;ypUf;if ehju;


ke;jpuj;ij cgNjrpj;J mjd;nghUs;> mjd; Njhw;wk;> mg; ngau;tuf; fhuzk;> gpuzt

ke;jpuj;ij cr;rupj;Jj; Njtid topgLk; Kiw Nghd;w midj;ijAk; mUspr;

nra;jhu;. mjdhy; rptngUkhid ‘Vfhl;ru &gp’ vd;gu;.

ckhNjtpahupd; Nfhupf;ifia tpUg;Gld; Vw;W> kpFe;j kfpo;Tld; rptngUkhd;

Rfhrdj;jpy; mku;e;J mtSf;Fr; rpthfkq;fis cgNjrpj;j jpUf;NfhyNk Rfhrd

%u;j;jp tbtk;.

xd;gJ tifahd Mrdq;fisg; gw;wp Mfkq;fspy; Fwpg;Gf;fs; cz;L. ,lJ

fhiy kbj;J Mrdj;jpy; itj;J> tyJ fhiyj; njhq;ftpl;lthW mku;e;jpUg;gNj

Rfhrdk;. Rfhrdj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; rf;jp> ‘ju;khu;j;j fhkfhk Nkhl;r gpujhapdp’ vd

miof;fg;gLfpwhs;. ,f; Nfhyj;jpNyNa mtu; jpUf;ifiyapy; gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy;

mku;e;jpUf;fpwhu;. kNf];tu %u;j;j epiyapy; ckh rfpj Rfhrd %u;j;jk;> ckh

kNfRtu Rfhrd %u;j;jk;> Nrhk];fe;j Rfhrd %u;j;jk; vd %d;W tifahd

jpUtbtq;fspy; rpiy tbg;Nghu; tifg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tu;. capu;fSf;F mUsr;

rptngUkhd; nfhs;Sk; caupa jpUtUs; tbtNk Rfhrd %u;j;jkhFk;.

rptngUkhd; ifiyapy; Rfhrd %u;j;jkhf ,uj;jpdq;fshy; mikf;fg;gl;l

rpk;khrdj;jpy; mku;e;jpUf;Fk;NghJ rptngUkhDf;Fk; cikf;Fk; mUfpy; jpUkhy;>

gpukd;> ,e;jpud;> vz;jpirf;fhtyu;> tRf;fs; vz;kUk;> Njtijfshd mdyd;>

mzpad;> rgj; irtd;> Nrhkd;> jud;> Juptd;> gpuj;jpA+ld;> gpugrd; KjypNahUk;>

Kdptu;fSk;> fUlfhe;jtu;fs;> rpj;ju;fs; MfpNahu; Jjpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gu;. Jk;GUTk;>

ehujUk; Jjpj;J ,dpikahfg; ghLthu;fs;. Ntjq;fs; Koq;Fk;. muk;igau;

eldkhLtu;. mg;NghJ jhd; rptngUkhd; cikf;F Rfhrdj;jpy; mku;e;J nfhz;L

Ntjq;fspdJk; rpthfkq;fspdJk; cz;ikg; nghUis cgNjrpj;jUs;thu;. gpd;

mk;gpif jdJ mUs; Kfj;jhy; mtw;iw gpw Md;khf;fSf;F czu;j;jpdhs;. ,e;j

tifapy; mk;gpif rptngUkhDf;F kidtpahfTk;> Md;khf;fSf;Ff; FUthfTk;

tpsq;Ffpwhs;. mk;gpiff;F Mfkq;fis cgNjrpj;j %u;j;jpia ckh cgNjr

kNf];tuu; vd;W miog;gu;.

,j;jpUtbtj;jpy; MW jpUf;fuq;fSld; tPw;wpUf;fpwhu;. mtw;wpy; khd;> ghk;G>

nrgkhiy jz;lk; vd;gtw;NwhL xU fuj;jpy; rpd; Kj;jpiuAld; fhzg;gLfpwhu;.

,t;TUtk; gw;wpr; rptguhf;jpukk; Nkw;fz;lthW $WfpwJ. Mdhy; rpy;guj;jpdKk;> =

jj;JtepjpAk; xUKfKk;> %d;W fz;fSk;> ehd;F fuq;fSk; cilatuhfTk;> gtsr;

rptg;G epwKilatuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu; vd;Wk; Gypj;NjhiyAk;> gl;lhilfisAk;

mzpe;jpUg;ghu; vd;Wk; ,tuJ gpd;Ds;s ,U fuq;fspy; khDk;> kOTk; jpfOk;


vd;Wk; Kd; ,U fuq;fSk; fhf;Fk; fukhfTk;> toq;Fk; fukhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. my;yJ

rpk;k fu;zkhfTk; jpfOk; vd;Wk; $WfpwJ.

rpy E}y;fspy; xU Kfk; vd;Wk;> MW jpUfuq;fSk; cs;sd vd;Wk;>

tyj;jpUf;funkhd;W rpd; Kj;jpiu fhl;l> Kfk; cikf;F Ntj Mfkg; nghUis

czu;j;JtjhfTk; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. rptd; Rfhrdj;jpy; Nrhk];fe;j tbtpy; NjtpAk;

fe;jDk; ePq;fpa tbtkhf fhl;rp jUthu;.

,t;tbtk; jpUntz;fhL RNtjhuz;NaRtuu; jpUf;Nfhtpypy; rpwg;Gld;

mikj;Js;sJ. kJiu> rpjk;guk;> fhQ;rpGuk; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s ngupa

rptd;Nfhtpy;fspy; ,t;tbtk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Kd;ndhU fw;g fhyj;jpy; ehd;Kfd;

jdJ gilg;Gj; njhopYf;F cjtp

nra;tjw;fhf rdfu;> rde;jdu;> rdhjdu;>

rdw;Fkhuu; vd;w ehd;F kf;fisg; gilj;jhu;.

mtu;fs; mtuJ gilg;Gf;F cjthJ jtQ;

nra;ar; nrd;wdu;. mjdhy; ftiy nfhz;l

ehd;Kfd;> fhj;jw; flTshd jpUkhiyr;

re;jpj;J ele;jtw;iw kpf;f JaUld; nrhd;dhu;.

mijf; Nfl;l jpUkhy;> ,J gw;wpr;

rptngUkhdplk;jhd; Kiwapl Ntz;Lk; vd;W

$wpj; ehd;KfidAk;> rdfhjp Kdptu;fisAk; mioj;Jf; nfhz;L ifiyf;Fr;

nrd;whu;. jtk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;j rptngUkhd; fz;fisj; jpwe;jJk; ehd;KfDk;>

jpUkhYk;> rdfhjp Kdptu;fSk; vupe;J rhk;gyhfp tpl;ldu;.

mjdhy; jdpj;Jg; Nghd rptngUkhd; jdJ thkghfj;jpy; cs;s jpUj;Njhisg;

ghu;f;f> mjpypUe;J ckhNjtpahu; ntspg;gl;lhu;. ckhNjtpahiuj; jdJ ,lg;ghfj;jpy;

,Uj;jptpl;Lr; rptngUkhd; vupj;jtu;fis capu;g;gpj;jhu;> “ehd; Kd;G

jdpj;jpUe;jikahy; jhd; cd;dhy; gilg;Gj; njhopiyr; nra;a Kbatpy;iy.

,g;NghJ rf;jpAld; ,ide;jikahy; ,dp eP gilg;Gj; njhopiyr; nra;ayhk;” vd;W

8. cNkru; tbtk; cikAld; epd;wUSk; tbtk;


ehd;Kfdplk; $wpdhu;. md;W Kjy; ehd;Kfd; gilg;Gj; njhopiyr; ruptur; nra;aj;

njhlq;fpdhu;.

cikak;ikiar; rptngUkhdpd; jdJ thkghfj;jpy; ,Uj;jpaikahy; mtUf;F

‘cNkr %u;j;jp’ vd;w jpUg;ngau; cz;lhapw;W. ,t;tbtk; ,il kUJ}upy; cs;s

rptd; Nfhtpypy; cs;sJ.

kapyhLJiw> Fk;gNghzk; rhiyapy; cs;s ,il kUJ vd;w ,lj;jpy;

cNkrUf;Ff; Nfhtpy; cs;sJ. mgatujj;Jld; ,lg; gf;fj;jpy; cikAld; cNkru;

tPw;wpUf;fpwhu;.

Nrhk];fe;ju; tbtk; jkpo;ehl;bw;F kl;Lk;

cupa tbkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,t; cUt topghL

,e;jpahtpy; Ntnwq;Fk; ,y;iy. rptidAk;>

rf;jpiaAk;> KUfidAk; gy;yt muru;fs;

xd;wpizj;J Nrhk];fe;j topghl;il cUthf;fpdu;.

rptidf; FLk;gj;jiytdhf;fp> kidtpahd

cikAlDk;> kfdhd KUfDlDk; kfpo;Tld;

thoitj;j ,t; tbtk; fUizkpf;f tbtkhFk;.

Nrhk];fe;ju; vd;gJ tlnkhopr;nrhy;> jkpopy;

nrhy;tjhdhy; ,sKUF clDiwAk; mk;ik

mg;gu; vd;Wk;> ‘Foe;ij ehafu;’ vd;Wk; $wyhk;.

rpthyq;fspy; ,t;TUtj;ijj; NjupYk; thfdq;fspYk; itj;J tPjpAyhr; nry;tJ

tof;fk;. ,t;TU rptd; Nfhtpy;fspd; fUtiwapd; gpd; gFjpj; jpUr;Rw;wpy; fpof;F

kz;lgj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; gy ,lq;fspy; jdpf; NfhtpyhfTk;> jdpr;

re;epjpahfTk; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Xu; Mrdj;jpy; rptd;> rf;jp> KUfd; mku;e;jpUf;Fk; rr;rpjhde;j tbtNk

Nrhk];fe;j tbtkhFk;. khzpf;fthrf Rthkpfs; jpUthrfj;jpy; ‘mUikapy; vspa

moNf Nghw;wp’ vd;W Nrhk];fe;j tbtj;ijr; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $Wfpwhu;.

9. Nrhk];fe;j tbtk; cik fe;jDld; rptd; ,Uf;Fk; tbtk;


FkuFUguu; Nrhk];fe;j tbtj;jpy; rptngUkhd; ntz;zpwkhd fq;if

cUtpYk;> ckhNjtpahu; ePy epwKilatshifahy; mts; aKidiag; NghyTk;>

KUfd; rpte;j epwKilatd; Mifahy; ru];tjpiag; NghyTk; ,Ug;gjhff; $wp

mt; tbtk; fq;ifahw;iwAk; NghyTk;> aKid Mw;iwg; NghyTk;> ru];tjp ejpiag;

NghyTk; ,Ug;gjhy; mt;tbtk; jpUNtzprq;fkj;ij jkf;F epidT+l;LfpwJ vd;fpwhu;.

Nrhk];fe;j tbt topghL kpfTk; njhd;ikahdJ. jpUkhy; ghw;flypy;

ghk;gidapy; JapYk;NghJ Nrhk];fe;j %u;j;jpiaj; jdJ khu;gpy; itj;Jj;

njhOjjhf tuyhW $WfpwJ. ,J Nghy ,e;jpud; Nrhk];fe;j %u;j;jpiaj;

jpUkhyplk; ,Ue;J ngw;W ,e;jpuNyhfj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;W topgl;lhd;.

mRuu;fs; ,e;jpuid mbf;fb jhf;fp te;jikahy; ,e;jpud; KFe;jr;

rf;futu;j;jpapd; JizAld; muf;fu;fs; midtiuAk; mopj;jhd;. mg;NghJ KFe;jr;

rf;futu;j;jp ,e;jpud; topgl;l Nrhk];fe;jiuf; fz;L mtu; kPJ gf;jp nfhz;L mijj;

jUkhW Nfl;f ,e;jpud;> ‘mt;TU jpUkhYf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdJ mjdhy; mtuplk;

Nfl;Ltpl;Lj; jUfpNwd;’ vd;W $wpj; jpUkhyplk; Nfl;fj; jpUkhiy> “ehd;

Nrhk];fe;jiug; gyfhyk; topgl;Lg; ngUk;gad; mile;Njd;. mjd; gpd; eP mij

vd;dplk; ngw;Wg; gy fhyk; topgl;lha;. ,dp mij KFe;jr; rf;futu;j;jpf;Ff; nfhL

mtu; ,t;TUt topghl;il G+kpnaq;Fk; gutr; nra;al;Lk;’ vd;W $wpr; Nrhk];fe;j

tbtq;fs; Miwr; nra;J xt;nthd;whf KFe;jr; rf;futu;j;jpf;Ff; nfhLj;jNghJ

KFe;jr; rf;futu;j;jp ,iwaUshy; ,it ,e;jpud; topgl;l Nrhk];fe;j cUtk;

my;y vd mwpe;J nrhd;d NghJ ,e;jpud; jhd; topgl;l Nrhk];fe;j cUitAk;

Gjpjhfr; nra;ag;gl;l MW cUitAk; nfhLj;J ,tw;iwg; G+Tyfpy; epWtpg;

G+rpg;ghahf” vd;whu;.

KFe;jd; jpUth&upy; cs;s thd;kPfg; ngUkhd; Nfhtpypy; jpUkhy; G+rpj;j

Nrhk];fe;j %u;j;jpiag; gpujp\;il nra;jhd;. Vida MW %u;j;jpfisAk;

jpUehiff;fhNuhzk;> jpUes;shW> jpUf;fhwhapy;> jpUtha;%u;> jpUkiwf;fhL>

jpUf;Nfhapy; Mfpa jyq;fspy; gpujp\;il nra;J epj;jpa topghl;bw;fhd

epyq;fisAk;> nghd;idAk; nfhLj;jhd;. ,r; rg;j tplq;fj; jyq;fspy; Nrhk];fe;ju;

jpahfuhru; vd;w ngaUld; tPw;wpUf;fpwhu;. ,t; VO jyq;fspYk; ngUkhdpd;

jpUg;ngau;fSk;> mtu; Mba eldq;fSk; NtWNtwhdit.

rg;j tplq;fj;jyq;fSk; jpahfuhru; Mba eldq;fSk ;

1. jpUth&u; - tPjptplq;fu; mrgh eldk;


2. ehfgl;bdk; - Re;ju tplq;fu; ghuhthu eldk;

3. jpUey;yhW ehf tplq;fu;. cd;kj;j eldk;.

4. jpUf;fhwhapy; - Mjp tplq;fu; Ff;Fl eldk;

5. jpUtha;*u; - ePy tplq;fu; fky eldk;

6. jpUkiwf;fhL - Gtdp tplq;fu; mk;r eldk;

7. jpUf;Nfhspyp - mtdp tplq;fu; gpuku eldk;

tplq;fu; vd;gJ jpUtPjpfspy; cyhtUk; jpUNkdpahFk;. ,J gw;wpa

fy;ntl;lf;fs; cz;L. jQ;irf; fy;ntl;Lf;fspy;> ‘njl;rpidNkL tplq;fu; vdTk;>

jpUth&u;f; fy;ntl;by; “jd;k tplq;fj; Njtu;” vdTk; Nrhk];fe;j tbtj;jpUNkdpfs;

nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. jpUehTf;fu ehadhu; G+q;Nfhijapy; ciwe;j Nrhk];fe;jiu>

“tPjp tplq;f” Nghw;wp vdj; Njthuq;fspy; ghbAs;shu;.

tplq;fd; vd;why; cspahy; nrJf;fg;glhj jpUTUtk; vd;W nrhy;tu;. mj;Jld;

tplq;fd; vd;gjw;F> ‘mofhdtd;’ vd;Wk; nghUs; nrhy;tu;. ,e;j VO jyq;fSs;

kpfr; rpwg;ghdjhff; fUjg;gLtJ jpUth&u;j; jykhFk;. ,jd; rpwg;igj; jpUehTf;fuR

ehadhu;> “kz;zpd; $j;ij MLthd; GFtjw;F Kd;Ndh gpd;Ndh mzpah&u;

Nfhapyhf nfhz;l ehNs” vd;W Njthuj;jpy; ghLfpwhu;. mj;Jld; Nrhk];fe;ju;

jpUkhypd; ,jaj;jhkiuapy; mku;e;jpUe;jtu;” vd;gij> “igaQ; Rlu;tpL ehfg;gs;sp

nfhs;thd; cs;sj;jhDk;” vd;W Nghw;Wfpwhu;.

rptngUkhd; Nrhk];fe;ju; tbtj;jpy; rpWj;njhz;lUf;Ff; fhl;rpnfhLj;jijr;

rpWj;njhz;lu; Guhzk; (84) kpfr; rpwg;ghff; $WfpwJ.

rq;f ,yf;fpakhd Iq;FWE}W vd;w E}y; Nrhk];fe;j tbtj;ijg; gw;wp (401:1 - 4)

nra;As;fspy; $WfpwJ.

jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; jpUf;fwhapd; gjpfj;jpy; (2.15.4) ,y; Nrhk];fj;ju; cUitg; gw;wpr;

nrhy;fpwhu;.

jpUehTf;furu; jpUe;jhz;ltj;jpy; “Iad;fhz;> Fukd;fhz;> Mjpahd;fhz;” vd;W

Nrhk];fe;jiug; Nghw;Wfpwhu;. (6.24.8) mj;Jld; jpUth&u; Nghw;wpj; jpUj;jhz;ltj;jpy;>

“nrk;nghd;Nd> kufjNk> kzpNa Nghw;wp”> jpU%yl;lhNd Nghw;wp Nghw;wp” vdr;


Nrhk];fe;jiug; Nghw;Wfpwhu;. mj;Jld; Nrhk];fe;jiu ,tu;> “nrk; Nkdpak;khd;”>

“nghd;dhu; Nkdpad;” vd;Wk; Nghw;Wfpwhu;.

“nr ;k;nghd;Nd kufjNk kzpNa Nghw;wp> jpU%yl;lhdNd Nghw;wp Nghw;wp” (6.32.8)

vdg; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;fpwhu;. ,J “Xk; ckh kNfRtuhaek” vd;w tlnkhop

ke;jpuj;jpw;Fr; rkkhd jkpo; ke;jpukhFk;. ,J ngUk;ghYk; jpUkzr; rlq;fpd; NghJ

kzkfd;> kzkfSf;F kq;fy ehz; #l;Lk;NghJ Xjg;gLfpwJ.

nts;isaq;fpup kiy rptkhfTk;> ePykiy mk;ikahfTk;> ,uz;bw;Fk;

eLNtAs;s kUjkiy KUfdhfTk; ,Ug;gjhff; $Wk; Ng&u;g;Guhzk; mk; %d;W

kiyfSk; Nrhk];fe;j cUtj;ij epidTgLj;Jtjhff; $WfpwJ.

gy;yt kd;ddhd eurpk;kdpd; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fspYk;>

fw;J}z;fspYk;> gpd;RtupYk; Nrhk];fe;jj; jpUTUtk; Gilr;rpw;gkhfr;

nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

khky;y Guj;jpy; cs;s ,uhkD[u; kz;lgg; gpd; RtupYk;> ju;kuhru; ,ujj;jpd;

%d;whk; epiyapy; cs;s fUtiwapYk;> rhStq;Fg;gj;jpy; cs;s Filtiuf;

Nfhtpy; gpd; RtupYk; Nrhk];fe;j tbtk; Gilr;rpw;gq;fshf cs;sd. ,J jtpu

fhQ;rp ifyhaehju; Nfhtpy;> khky;yGuf; flw;fiuf; Nfhtpy;> gidkidf; Nfhtpy;>

jpUf;fOf;Fd;wk;> jpUkiwf;fhL> jpUg;Gs;spUf;Fk; Nt@u;> jpUg;Gwk; gak;

jpUf;Nfhtpy; Mfpatw;wpy; ,k;Kiwapy; jhd; Nrhk];fe;jupd; Gilr;rpw;gq;fs;

nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. rhStf;Fg;gk;> gidkiyr; rpw;gq;fspy; Nrhk];fe;jUld;>

kyNuhDk;> khYk; nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jpUg;gQ;QPypf; Filtiuf; Nfhtpypy; rptDf;F

tyg;gf;fj;jpy; mk;gpif tPw;wpUf;Fk; tbtpy; Nrhk];fe;j tbtk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,uhr rpq;fdpd; fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd; Nrhk];fe;j tbtk; fUtiwapd; gpd;Rtupy;

mikf;fg;gltpy;iy.

Nrhk];fe;jiur; nrk;Gj; jpUNkdpAlDk; topgl;Ls;sdu;. gj;jhk; E}w;whz;ilr;

Nru;e;j Nrhk];fe;jupd; nrg;Gj;jpUNkdp xd;W mfo;thuha;r;rpapd; NghJ

fz;nlLf;fg;gl;L> nrd;id mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,JNghyg; gy;ytu;

fhyj;Jr; nrg;ghyhd kpfr; rpwe;j Nrhk];fe;j tbtk;> jpUthyq;fhl;L Nrhk];fe;j

tbtk; MfpadTk; nrd;id mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpNyNa cs;sJ.


,J jtpug; gl;B$tuj;jpy; fpilf;fg;gl;l Nrhk];fe;jupd; jpUTUtk; gjpNdhuhk;

E}w;whz;ilr; Nru;e;jJ vd;Wk;> Nrhou;fhyj;jJ vd;Wk; Ma;thsu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;.

,j;jpUTUtk; jQ;ir mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpy; cs;sJ. ,jpy; KUfg; ngUkhdpd;

jpUTUtk; fhzg;gltpy;iy.

jpU ey;Y}u;jyj;jpYk; Nrhou; fhyj;Jr; nrg;Gr; Nrhk];fe;jj; jpUTUtk; cs;sJ.

njd;Ky;iy thapypy; cs;s jpUKy;iy thapypy; Ik;nghd;dhyhd

Nrhk];fe;jupd; jpUTUtk; fpilj;jJ. mJTk; jw;nghOJ jQ;ir

mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpNyNa cs;sJ. ,JNghy fUq;Fapy;ehjd; Ngl;il> eP&u; Mfpa

,lq;fspy; fpilj;j Nrhk];fe;jupd; jpUNkdpfs; nrd;id mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpy;

cs;sd. fp.gp gjpd;%d;whk; E}w;whz;ilr; Nru;e;j nrg;ghyhd Nrhk];fe;jupd;

cUtj;jpUNkdpAk; jQ;ir mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpy; cs;sJ. ,jpy; KUfg;ngUkhdpd;

jpUTUtk; fhzg;gltpy;iy.

fy;ntl;Lf;fspy; Nrhk];fe;jupd; jpUTUtq;fisg; gw;wpg; gy Fwpg;Gf;fs;

cs;sd.

jQ;rhT+iu ,uh[uhrd; Ml;rp nra;jNghJ gy Nrhk];fe;jj; jpUNkdpfisr;

nra;J Nfhtpy;fSf;F toq;fpdhd;. mtdJ gl;lj;jurp NyhfkfhNjtp

NyhfkhNjtptPr;ruk; vd;w Nfhtpiyf;fl;b> “XNyhf tplq;fNjtu;” vd;Dk;

Nrhk];fe;jupd; jpUTUitg; gpujpl;il nra;tpj;jhs;.

jpUnthw;wpA+upy; rptd; NfhtpYf;F Kjyhk; ,uhr,uhrd;> “jl;rpzNkUtplq;fu;”

vd;w Nrhk];fe;jiur; nra;J nfhLj;jhd;. mJNghy jpUnthw;wpA+upy; cs;s rptd;

NfhtpYf;F> ‘fhuiztplq;fNjtu;’ vd;w Nrhk];fe;ju; vd;w jpUNkdpiar; nra;J

nfhLj;jhd;.

GJf;Nfhl;ilapy; cs;s> ‘jpUNtq;if thry;’ vd;w jpUf;NfhtpYf;F Kjyhk;

,uhNre;jpud;> ‘epj;j #shkzp tplq;fu;’ vd;w nrg;gpyhd Nrhk];fe;ju;j; jpUTUit

nra;J mspj;jNjhL mjd;> ‘guhkupg;Gr; nryTfSf;F jhdk; mspf;fg;gl;ljhf’ xUfy;

ntl;Lf; $WfpwJ.

gy;ytu;fs; Nrhk];fe;jupd; topghl;ilg; gw;wpg; gy fy;ntl;Lf;fspy;

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdu;.


“gRgjpkiy kfNshLk;> FfNzhLk; ,ize;Jiwe;jpUg;ghdhf” vd;W rhStk;

Fg;gk; mjpuz rz;Nl];tuu; Nfhtpy; fy;ntl;Lf; $WfpwJ.

<rd; cikAld; ,dpJw vOe;jUspapUg;gjw;fhfNt ,f; Nfhtpy; fl;lg;gl;lJ

vd;W fhQ;rp ifahyehju; Nfhtpy; fy;ntl;Lf; $WfpwJ. vdpDk; ,f;fy;ntl;by;

Nrhk];fe;ju; vd;w ngau; fhzg;gltpy;iy. mjpy; gRgjp> ckh> Ffd; vd;Nw

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jkpofj;jpy; cs;s Nfhtpy;fspy; gy;ytu; fhyj;jpy; Vuhskhd Xtpaq;fs;

tiuag;gl;ld. mjpy; Nrhk];fe;jupd; Xtpaq;fs; jhd; ngUk;ghyhdit. gy;yt murp

xUj;jp Filtiuf; Nfhtpypy; tiuag;gl;bUe;j Nrhk];fe;jupd; Xtpaj;ij tzq;fpj;

jdf;Ff; fe;jidg; Nghd;W mofpa Mz;kfT gpwf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Ntz;b>

fe;jidg; Nghd;w mofpa xU Mz; Foe;ijiag; ngw;nwLj;jjhf mte;jp Re;jup

vd;w tlnkhop E}y; $WfpwJ.

khky;y Guj;jpy; cs;s gy Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fspd; Rtu;fspy; mofpa

Nrhk];fe;jupd; gy Xtpaq;fs; tiuag;gl;bUe;jdntd;Wk;> gpd; mit mope;jpUf;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; Ma;thsu;fs; $wpapUf;fpd;wdu;. fhQ;rpapy; cs;s ifyhaehju;

NfhtpypYk; Nrhk];fe;jupd; Xtpaq;fs; ,Ue;jjhf mwpa KbfpwJ. mjd;gpd;

Nrhk];fe;jupd; Xtpaq;fs; tiuag;gl;ljw;fhd rhd;Wfs; ,y;iy.

nrd;idapy; cs;s mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpy; cs;s nrg;NgL> ,uhkehjNrJgjp

nrg;NgL> (fp.gp 1750)> Kj;J tzq;fhKbj; njhz;lkhd; nrg;NgL> jpUth&upy; cs;s

jQ;ir kuhl;bapapd; nrg;NgL> (fp.gp 1733) Mfpa nrg;NgLfspy; Nrhk];fe;j topghL

gw;wpAk; mjw;fhff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l ed;nfhilfs; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gf;fSk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

tuyhw;WuPjpahfg; ghu;j;jhy; gy;ytu; fhyj;jpw;F Kd;Ng ngsj;jrkaKk;> rkz

rkaKk; jkpo;ehl;by; tsu;r;rpngw;wpUe;jd. ,t;tpU rkaj;jpdUk; ,y;yw tho;T

Jd;gkhdJ mij ntWj;Jj; Jwtwk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W typAWj;jpd.

mij kf;fs; ek;gpdu; mjdhy;jhd; ,y;tho;ifapd; Gdpjj;jd;ikia tpsf;fr;

Nrhk];fe;j K$u;j;jk; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;bUe;jy; Ntz;Lk; vdr; rpy Ma;thsu;

fUJfpd;wdu;. ,jw;Fr; rhd;whfr; Nrhk];fe;j tbtj;jpy; rptd; Nahfepiyapy; ,Uf;f

cikAk; fe;jDk; mtupd; mUfpy; kfpo;Tld; ,Ug;gjhfr; rpj;jupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

vd;Wk; $Wgtu;fs; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. ,jw;fhjhukhfr; rptdpd; fPo;g;Gw tyf;ifapy; rpd;

Kj;jpiuAk;> ,lf;ifapy; Nahf epiyapYk; cs;sd. rpy Nrhk];fe;j tbtq;fspy;


mf;f khiyAk;> Mrdj;Jf;fUfpy; Jwtpfs; gad;gLj;Jk; fkz;lyKk; ,Ug;gijr;

Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;sdu;. ,y;ywj;ij ntWj;Jj; Jwtwk; nry;yhJ ,y;ywj;jpy; ,Ue;J

nfhz;Nl Jwtwj;ij Nkw;nfhz;L ,iwtid milayhk; vd;W $Wfpd;wd. ,jw;F

Mjhukhfj; jpUf;Fwisf; $wyhk;.

jpUf;Fwspd; Ie;jhk; mjpfhukhd ,y;tho;f;if vd;w mjpfhuk; ,y;tho;thdJ

flikfisf; $WfpwJ. %d;whtJ Fws; Itifahd cwTfisAk; fhg;gtd;

,y;tho;thd; vd;W $WfpwJ. mj;Jld; JwtpfSf;F cztspg;gJ ,y;tho;thdJ

flik vd;fpwJ.

,ijtplf; fr;rpag;gu;> “Nrhk];fe;jidf; fztDk; kidtpAk; topgl;L

,y;ywj;ij ey;ywkhf;fp ey;y Foe;ijfisg; ngw;W tho Ntz;Lk;” vd;W $Wfpwhu;.

ehd;Kfd; jdJ Gj;jpupfs;

,Ugj;NjONgiuAk; re;jpuDf;Fj; jpUkzk;

nra;J nfhLj;jhd;. Mdhy; re;jpud; Nuhfpdp>

fhu;j;jpif vd;w ,U Gj;jpupfs; kPJk;

mstpy;yhj Nkhfq;nfhz;L VidNahiug;

Gwf;fzpj;jhd;. ,ij mwpe;j jf;fd; kpFe;j

rpdj;Jld;> “eP Nja;e;J mopaf;fltha;” vd;W

rhgkplr; re;jpud; nra;tjwpahJ jtpj;Jr;

rptdpd; fhybapy; tPo;e;J tzq;fr;

rptngUkhd; mtd; kPJ ,uf;fk; nfhz;L

Nja;e;J mope;J nfhz;bUe;j re;jpuidj;

jiyapy; #bdhu;.

,JkNf];tu tbtq;fSs; xd;whFk;. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fshd GwehZ}Wk;>

mfehZ}Wk; kNf];tud; gpiw $ba tuyhw;iwr; Ritahff; $Wfpd;wd. mj;Jld;

jpUKiwfs; kpfTk; tpupthfTk;> RitahfTk; $Wfpd;wd.

Mo;thu;fspd; ghRuq;fspYk; gpiw $ba ngUkhdpd; tuyhW $wg;gLfpwJ>

‘gpiwNaW rilad;’ vd;W FyNrfu Mo;thUk;> ‘fPW jpq;fs; itj;jtd;’ vd;W

jpUkopir Mo;thUk;> ‘Jz;lntz;’ vd;W jpUg;ghzho;thUk;> ‘gpiwjq;F rilad;’

10. re;jpuNrfuu; - gpiw #bangUkhd;


vd;W jpUkq;if Mo;thUk;> ‘xw;iwg; gpiw ,Ue;j nrQ;rilad;’ vd;W

G+jj;jho;thUk;> ‘xw;iwg; gpiwazpe;jtd;’ vd;W ek;kho;thUk; rptidf;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;.

,uhkhahzj;jpy; fk;gu; gpiwazpe;j rptid> “mtpkjp> ,e;J> jto;kjp> jpq;fs;>

Jz;l kjp> Kw;wu; kjp> ntz;kjp” vd;Dk; nrhw;njhlu;fs; %yk; ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhu;.

rptd; mzpe;j kjp KOkjpay;y mJ ,skjpahFk;. ,ijg; Gyg;gLj;j>

‘ntz;kjpg;ghjp’> ‘Kw;whkjp’ vd;Dk; mofpa jkpo;r; nrhw;fisf; fk;gu;;

gad;gLj;jpAs;shu;.

,tw;iw tplr; re;jpuNrfu tbitf; Fwpf;f ,uhkhahzj;jpy;> ‘jto; kjpGid

mud;’ (1.5.124)> ‘jpq;fs; NkT rilj;Njtd;” (1-7-1)> ‘mtpu; kjp mzpe;j J}atd;’ (1-9-

287)> ‘re;jpunksyp’ (1-22-82)> ‘ntz;kjpg; ghjpad;’ (1-23-31)> ‘Kw;whkjpak;

kpiyj;jhd;’ (2-41-32)> ‘jpq;fs; #ba nry;td;’ (2-6-18)> ‘Jz;l kjp itj;jtd;’ (3-3-

34) Mfpa nrhw;nwhlu;fisg; ghtpj;Js;shu;.

re;jpuNrfu tbtpid> tpy;ypahu; ghujj;jpy;> ‘gpiw khkTypg;gukd;’> ‘re;jpunksyp’

vd;W $wpaNjhL ,t;tbtr; rpwg;gpid> ‘jpq;fSld; muT cwT nra;Ak; Ntzp’

vdTk;> nrk;ghd; tlNkF kiyahd;’ vd;Wk;> ‘mupa jd; fiythd; kjpaKk;

jdjplj;jlf;fp’ vd;Wk;> ‘eiw kyu; ,jopNru; ehjd; thu;rilg; gpiw kjp’ vd;Wk;

rpwg;ghff; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

%u;j;jpapd; mikg;gpy; re;jpuNrfu tbtk; %tifg;gLk;.

1. Nfty %u;j;jp

2. ckh rfpj %u;j;jp

3. Mypq;fd %u;j;jp njd;dpe;jpaf; Nfhtpy;fspy; ,k; %tif %u;j;jpfSk; cs;sd.

1. Nfty re;jpu Nrfu;; cik mUfpy; ,y;yhJ gpiw #ba ngUkhd; kl;Lk; ,Ug;gJ

Nfty re;jpu %u;j;jp epiyahFk;. ,jpy; re;jpuNrfuu; ehd;F fuq;fisf;

nfhz;bUg;ghu;. tyf; fuq;fs; ,uz;Lk; lq;fKk;> mgaKk; nfhz;lit>

,lf;fuq;fs; ,uz;bYk; khDk;> tujKk; ,Uf;Fk;> rkgq;F epiyapy; tpsq;Fk;

rlhKbapy; tyg;GwNkh md;wp ,lg;GwNkh gpiw jpfOk;. khky;y Guj;jpy; cs;s

jpup%u;j;jpapd; FifapYk;> gl;B];tuk; NjDGuP];tuu; jpUf;Nfhtpy; J}zpYk;

rpw;gkhf ,t;TU cs;sJ.


2. cikAldhd re;jpuNrfuu;; rpthyaq;fspy; jpUTyhtpd; NghJ nfhz;L nry;Yk;

%u;j;jpahf ,J gad;gLfpwJ. gQ;rNyhfj;jhyhd ,k; %u;j;jp epd;w Nfhyj;jpy;

mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhu;. gpd; ,U fuq;fspYk; khDk; kOTk; Ve;jpapUf;fpwhu;. Kd;

,U fuq;fspYk; mga tuj Kj;jpiufs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,tupd; ,lg;gf;fj;jpy;

epw;Fk; ckhNjtpahupd; tyf;fuj;jpy; ePNyhw;g kyu; Ve;jpapUg;ghu;. rpy rpw;gq;fspy;

ePNyhw;gt kyu; Ve;jpUg;gjhfg; ghtid nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,lf; fuk;

njhq;ftpl;lgb ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j tbtpy; ckhNjtpia> ‘ru;t rpj;jpg; gpujhapdp’ vd

miog;gu;. gpuNjhr tpuj fhyq;fspy; re;jpuNrfuNu tPjpAyh tUthu;.

3. Mypq;fd re;jpuNrfuu;; - Mypq;fd %u;j;jpapd; tbtpy; re;jpuNrfuupd; ,lJif

Njtpapd; ,lJ khu;gfj;jpd; mUfpy; jOtpagb mike;jpUf;Fk;. Njtpapd; tyJ

ifapy; nre;jhkiu kyu; ,Uf;Fk;. Njtpapd; tyf;fuk; rptdpd; tyJ

khu;Gg;gFjpiaj; jOtpapUf;Fk;. ,lJ ifapy; kyu;e;j jhkiu ,Uf;Fk;. rpy

tbtpy; rptDk; cikAk; Muj;jOtpagb ,Ug;ghu;fs;. %d;W epiyfspYk; rptd;

gpiw #bapUg;ghu;.

Mypq;fd %u;j;jpapd; kfpikfis ehad;khu;fspd; Njthuq;fs; rpwg;ghff;

$Wfpd;wd.

Myaq;fspy; eilngWk; ngUe;jpUtpohf;fspd; NghJ Nrhk];fe;j %u;j;jpNa

jpUTyh tUthu;. Vida tpohf;fs; eilngWk; fhyq;fspy; re;jpuNrfuu; tPjpAyh

tUthu;. rpy Myaq;fspy; ngUe;jpUtpohf; fhyq;fspy; fhiyapy; re;jpuNrfUk;>

,utpy; Nrhk];fe;jUk; jpUTyh tUtu;. rpy Nfhtpy;fspy; rpwpa tbtpy;

re;jpuNrfuiu mikj;Jj; jpdKk; fhiy khiy Ntisfspy; =gyp rhjpf;f

vOe;jUsr; nra;tu;. jpUth&u;> jpUes;shW> fPo;Nt@u;> eh$u; Mfpa jpUj;jyq;fspy;

re;jpuNrfuUf;Fg; gpuj;jpNahfkhd tpohf;fs; eilngWk;. re;jpuNrfu %u;j;jp gy

jpUf;Nfhtpy;fspy; nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpauhf tpsq;Ffpwhu;. fw;rpw;gkhfTk; mtu; gy

Nfhtpy;fspy; fhl;rp jUfpwhu;.


Kg;Guq;fisAk; mopf;fr; rptngUkhd; Njupy;

Gwg;gl;lNghJ tpehafiu tzq;fhkw;

nrd;wikahy; mtupd; Njupd; mr;R cile;jJ.

clNd jpUkhy; ,ltbtnkLj;J mj;Njiuj;

jhq;fpdhu;. ,e;epiyNa tpilNawpa tpkyu;

jpUTUthFk;. ,t; tuyhW cgNjr fhz;lj;jpy;

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,t; tbtk; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gf;fs; Mfkq;fspy;

cs;sd. ,t; tbtj;jpy; rptngUkhd; epd;w

Nfhyj;jpYs;shu;. tyf;fhy; NeuhfTk;> ,lf;fhy;

rpwpJ tise;Jk; ,Uf;Fk;. tyf; fuj;jpy;

tr;rpujz;lk; ,Uf;fpwJ. mjpy; xU tpuypd;

jbg;Gs;s %d;W tisTfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

gpd; tyJ fuj;jpy; cLf;Fk;> ,lJ fuj;jpy; khDk;kOTk; ,Uf;Fk;. clypy;

mzpfyd;fSk;> Kbapy; rlhkFlKk; ,Uf;Fk;. rptg;G epw Milia mzpe;jpUg;ghu;.

mUfpy; cs;s Njtpapd; tyf;fuj;jpy; ePNyhw;g kyu; ,Uf;Fk;. ,lJ fuk; njhq;fpf;

nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,t; mikg;Gg; gw;wp = jj;Jtepjp> rpy;guj;jpdk;> fhrpg rpy;grhj;jpuk;

Kjypa E}y;fs; Nkw;fz;l mikg;igg; gw;wpf; $wpAs;sd.

mbatu;fSf;F mUStjw;fhfr; rptngUkhd; fhisapy; VwptUk; jpUf;Nfhyk;

rpwg;G kpf;fJ> mUSilaJ vd;W jpUj;njhz;lu; Guhzk; $WfpwJ. ,f; Nfhyj;jpy;

rptngUkhd; jpUtpohf;fhyj;jpy; Ie;jhk; ehs; gtdp tUthu;.

jpUQhdrk;ge;jg; ngUkhd; ,j; jpUf;Nfhyj;jpy; kpf;f tpUg;gq; nfhz;L> ,j;

jpUTUtk; gw;wp Vuhskhd Njthuq;fisg; ghbAs;shu;.

fhis kPJ ,tu; mku;e;J mUSk; mUl;rf;jpia> ‘ju;krpj;jpg; gpujhapzp’

vd;Wiug;gu;.

11. ,lgh&uu; - tpilNawpa tpkyu;


Mo;thu;fSk; jkJ jpUg;ghRuq;fspy; ,lgh&uiug; gw;wpr; rpwg;ghff; $wpAs;sdu;.

‘xw;iw tpilahd;’ vd;W ngupaho;thUk;> ‘tpilNahd;’ vd;W FyNrfu Mo;thUk;>

‘NgNuW xd;WilahDk;’ vd;W jpUkq;if Mo;thUk;> ‘Vw;whd;’ vd;W

ngha;ifaho;thUk;> ‘VwJ Cu;jp’ vd;W jpUkpopir Mo;thUk;> ‘VwhSk; ,iwNahd;’

vd;W ek;kho;thUk;> ‘VWk; Vwp’ vd;W G+jj;jho;thUk; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wpAs;sdu;.

jpUkhypd; Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;fNt rptngUkhd; jdJ thfdkhf mtiu

Vw;whu;. tpy;ypahu;> ‘VWilahd;’> ‘VWilf; flTs;’> ‘Vw;whd;’> ‘tpilatd;’>

‘tpilNahd;’> ‘tpilthfdd;’> ‘nts;@u;j;jp’ vd;Dk; rpwg;Gg; ngau;fshy; ghujj;jpy;

Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

jpUthLJiwapy; ,k;%u;j;jpapd; jpUTUtk; cs;sJ. ,k; %u;j;jpiaf; NfhKf;f

jPu;j;jk; nfhz;L KOf;fhl;b tzq;fpdhy; epidj;j tuq;fisg; ngwyhk;.

kJiuf;fUfpy; cs;s tpuhjD}upy; cs;s rptd;Nfhtpypy; ,ypq;f tbtpy;

,y;yhJ ,lgh&uu; tbtj;jpy; rptngUkhd; ,Uf;fpwhu;. ,t;thyaj;jpy; kl;Lk; jhd;

,t;tbtk; cs;sJ.

Ng&opf; fhyj;jpy; vQ;rp epd;w guk;nghUshd

rptngUkhd;> ckhNjtpahu; fhZk;gb Copj;jhz;lt

eldk; Mbf;nfhz;bUe;jhu;. midj;J capu;fSk;>

nghUl;fSk; gpusaj;Js; xLq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jd.

mg;NghJ mijf; fz;l jUk Njtij jd;id xU

nts;is epwkhd ,lgkhf khw;wpf; nfhz;L

rptngUkhdpd; mUfpw; nrd;W mtiu tzq;fp tpl;L>

“IaNd> jw;nghOJ gpusak; Vw;gl;L cyfpy; cs;s

vy;yhg; nghUl;fSk; jq;fSf;Fs; xLq;fpf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. jhq;fs; jdpj;jpUf;fpwPu;fs;. mjdhy;

jq;fSf;F thfdkhf ,Ue;J gzp nra;a

tpUk;GfpNwd;” vd;wJ.

12. ,lghj;jpfu; - mwnts;tpilf;F mUspa tbtk;


mjd; tpUg;gj;ijg; Gupe;J nfhz;l rptngUkhd; jdJ fhj;jw; fuj;jpid

mjd;kPJ itj;J> “eP> fpUjAfj;jpy; ehd;F fhy;fSlDk;> jpujhAfj;jpy; %d;W

fhy;fSlDk;> JthguAfj;jpy; ,uz;L fhy;fSlDk;> fypAfj;jpy; xw;iwf; fhYlDk;

epd;W gzp nra;” vd;W Mizapl;lhu;. ,t; tuyhw;iw cgNjr fhz;lk; rpwg;ghff;

$WfpwJ. gpusa fhyj;jpy; jUk Njtijf;F mUspikahy; rptngUkhid>

‘,lghe;jpfu;’ vd;W miof;fpd;wdu;.

rptngUkhd; fhisapd; kPJ rha;e;jgb mjd; nfhk;GfSf;F ,ilapy; jdJ

fuj;jpid itj;j epiyapy; tpsq;Fk; jpUj;Njhw;wNk ,lghe;jpf %u;j;jpapd;

tbtkhFk;. ,J fz;zd; gRtpd; kPJ rha;e;jpUf;Fk; Njhw;wj;ij epidTgLj;JfpwJ.

“Mthj mlNynwhd;W ilahd; jd;id” vd;W jpUehTf;fuR ehadhu; ,t;

tbtj;ijj; Njthuj;jpy; rpwg;gpj;Jg; ghbAs;shu;. ,uhkhahzj;jpy; fk;gu;

,j;jpUTUtj;ij> “tpilr; rq;fud;” (3-6-22) vd;Wk;> ‘ngw;wk; cilatd;’ vd;Wk; (6-2-

105) rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wpAs;shu;.

“mwd; cUthfpa Mz; VWthu;jy;

,iwatd; ahd; vd; ,aw;WkhNy”

vd;W gl;lzj;jbfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

jpUthtLJiwapy; ,lghe;jpfUf;Ff; Nfhtpy; cz;L. rptngUkhidj; jhq;Fk;

fhis Cu;jp vy;yhr; rptj;jyq;fspYk; cz;L.

fhrpg KdptUf;F gjpd;%d;W kidtpau; ,Ue;jdu;.

mtu;fSs;; fj;JU> tpdij vd;w ,UtUk; kpFe;j mofpfs;.

mjdhy; ,UtUf;Fkpilapy; jhk;jhk; kpFe;j mofp vd;w

fu;tk; ,Ue;jJ. mjdhy; cz;lhd rz;ilapy; jkJ

fztdhd fhrpg Kdptuplk; ,UtUs; ahu; mofp vd;W

Nfl;gnjd;Wk;> mtu; mofpy; Fiwe;jts; vd;W nrhy;gts;

13. G[q;fyspj %u;j;jp – ghk;Gfisf; fhj;J mUspa tbtk;


rpiw nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpf; fhrpg Kdptuplk; nrd;W Nfl;f> mtu; fj;JUNt

rpwe;j mofp vd;W $w tpdij rpiwf;Fr; nrd;whs;. tpdij jd;idr; rpiwapy;

,Ue;J tpLtpf;FkhW fj;JUit ,ue;J Ntz;l mts;> “NjtNyhfj;jpy; cs;s mKj

fyrj;ij vLj;J te;J je;jhy; cd;id tpLtpf;fpNwd;” vd;whs;.

tpdij jdJ kfdhd fUlDf;F mijr; nrhy;yp> NjtNyhfj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W

me;j mKj fyrj;ij vLj;J te;J fj;JUTf;Ff; nfhLj;Jtpl;Lj; jd;idr; rpiwapy;

,Ue;J kPl;FkhW nrhd;dhs;. mijf;Nfl;l fUld; NjtNyhfj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W mKj

fyrj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;L tUk;NghJ jpUkhy; mijf; fz;L kpfTk; cf;fpukhff;

fUlidj; jhf;fpdhd;. jpUkhy; Njhw;W epd;w NghJ fUldpd; tPuj;ijg; ghuhl;b

“cdf;F tpUk;gpa ,uz;L tuq;fisf; Nfs;” vd;whu;. mijf; Nfl;l fUld;

Nfypahfr; rpupj;J tpl;L> “jpUkhNy> eP tpUk;gpa ,uz;L tuq;fisf; Nfs;” vd;whd;.

jf;frkak; ,Jntdf; fUjpa jpUkhy;> “ghk;GfSfF mKJ nfhLf;ff; $lhJ”

vd;w tuj;jpidAk;> “eP vdf;F thfdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;w tuj;ijAk; Nfl;f

fUld; kfpo;Tld; mtw;iwf; nfhLj;jhd;. ,jdhy; fUld; ghk;GfSf;F tpNuhjpahf

khwpdhd;.

fUld; ghk;GfSf;F tpNuhjpahdjhy; ghk;Gfs; gae;J xU rptypq;fj;ij epWtpr;

rptid topgl;ld. mjdhy; kukpuq;fpa rptngUkhd; ghk;Gfspd; mr;rj;ijg; Nghf;f

ehfj;ijj; jdJ Mguzkhf Vw;Wj; jd;kPJ #bf; nfhz;lhu;. rptngUkhd; ehfj;ij

mzpe;j tbtNk ‘G[q;fyspj %u;j;jp’ tbtkhFk;. xUKiw jpUkhy; rptngUkhidr;

re;jpf;f te;j NghJ fUlidf; fz;l ehfk;> “fUlh nrsf;fpakhf ,Uf;fpwhah...?”

vd;W Nfl;lNghJ fUld; vJTk; nrhy;ytpy;iy.

rptngUkhd; gytifahd eldq;fis MbaNghJk; ehfj;ijr; #b mjw;fhf

G[q;fyspj eldk;> G[q;Rj;jpuhr eldk; vd;w ,Utif eldq;fis Mbdhu;. mit

,Utifahd Nehf;fq;fisf; nfhz;lit.

rptngUkhd; capu;fis ,U tifapy; fhf;fpwhu;. mit ,d;gf; fhj;jy;> Jd;gf;

fhj;jy; vdg;gLk;. capu;fs; nra;j Gz;zpaq;fSf;FNfw;g ey;y gyd;fisf;

nfhLj;J mtw;iw ,d;gg;gLj;JtJ ,d;gf; fhj;jy;> capu;fs; nra;j ghtq;fSf;F

Vw;g jz;lizfisf; nfhLj;J mtw;iw ey;ygb mDgtpf;fr; nra;jy;

Jd;gf;fhj;jy; vdg;gLk;. ,d;gf;fhj;jYf;fhfr; rptd; MLk; eldk; G[q;fyspj eldk;


MFk;. ,jpy; ghk;G Md;khitf; Fwpf;Fk;. ghk;ik mjhtJ Md;khit kfpor;

nra;tNj ,e; eldj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

G[q;fyspj eldj;jpd; NghJ fhybapy; Kayfd; tpsq;f> ghk;Gfis

mzpfyd;fshf mzpe;J eldkhLthu;. ghk;Gfspd; jtj;ij Vw;W mtw;wpf;F

tukspj;J mtw;iw Mguzkhf mzpe;j Njhw;wk; jhd; G[q;fyspj %u;j;jpapd;

jpUf;NfhykhFk;.

G[q;fyspj %u;j;jpapd; Gilg;Gr; rpw;gk; jpUkoghb vd;Dk; Cupy; cs;s

rptj;jyj;jpy; cs;sJ. mj;jyj;jpd; Njthug;ghly;fspYk; ,t; tuyhW

Nru;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nrho ehl;by; cs;s ngUk; GypA+upy; cs;s rptd; NfhtpypYk; ,j; jpUTU

cz;L. ,q;Fs;s G[q;fyspj %u;j;jpia tzq;fpdhy; ,uhFk;> NfJTk; ew;gaid

mspg;gu;.

jhUfh tdj;jpy; jtk; nra;j Kdptu;fs;

jttypikahy; vijAk; nra;ayhk; vd;Wk;.

mjw;Fr; rptd; Njitapy;iy vd;Wk;

MztKw;Wr; rptid tzq;fhJ tpl;ldu;.

mtu;fsJ kidtpkhUk; fw;Gj;jhd; rptj;ij

tpl cau;e;jJ vd;W vz;zp Mztg;gl;Lr;

rptid topgltpy;iy.

Kdptu;fspdJk;> Kdpgj;jpdpfspdJk;

Mztj;ij mlf;f vz;zpa rptngUkhd;

jpUkhiy mofpa Nkhfpdp tbthf;fpdhu;. gpd; rptngUkhd; kpfTk; trPfukhd Mz;

cUntLj;J Kj;jiyr; #yj;JlDk;> gpr;rhghj;jpuj;JlDk; epu;thzkhf

Kdpgj;jpdpfs; ,Uf;Fk; topahf te;jhu;. jpUkhy; Kdptu;fspd; jtr;rhiy ,Uf;Fk;

,lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whu;. mtiuf; fz;l Kdptu;fs; mtupd; mofpy; kaq;fpj; jk;ik

mwpahJ mtupd; gpd; te;jdu;. Kdpgj;jpdpfs; rptdpd; mofpa Njhw;wj;jpy; kaq;fpj;

jk;ik mwpahJ mtupd; gpd; te;jdu;.

14. G[q;fj;jpuhr tbtk; - ghk;Gfis mlf;fpa tbtk;


rptDk;> jpUkhYk; Ntlj;ijf; fiyj;j NghJ cz;ikia mwpe;jNghJ

Kdptu;fs; jkJ jt typikahy; rptid mopg;gjw;fhf mgprhu Nts;tp nra;jdu;.

mt;Nts;tpapy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wpa Gyp> kO> khd;fd;W Mfpatw;iwr; rptdpd; kPJ

Vtpdu;. mtw;iwnay;yhk; rptd; cil> ghjr;rpyk;G> MAjk;> rpNuhkhiy> Nrid

vd;gdthfr; rptngUkhd; khw;wp Mguzq;fshfj; jhd; mzpe;J nfhz;lhu;. mjd;gpd;

ahf Fz;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhba ehfq;fs; te;jd. mtw;iw mlf;fpa rptngUkhd;

mf; nfhba ghk;Gfisj; jdJ ifahy; gpbj;J mtw;wpd; rPw;wj;ij mlf;fpj; jdJ

jpUf;fuj;jpYk;> jpUtbapYk;> miu Kjypa ,lq;fspYk; fq;fzk;> fhyzp> miuehz;

vd;gdthf mzpe;J nfhz;lhu;. mjdhy; mtUf;Fg;> ‘G[q;fj;jpuhr %u;j;jp’ vd;w

ehkk; cz;lhdJ. ,j;jpU tbtNk ghk;Gfis mlf;fpa tbtkhFk;.

ghtk; nra;j mbahu;fspd; Jd;gq;fisg; Nghf;Ftjw;fhf Mba eldk;

G[q;fj;jpuhr eldnkdg;gLk;. rptngUkhd; ,t; eldj;ijg; ghz;ba ehl;by; cs;s

jpUg;Gj;J}upy; Mbajhfg; Guhzq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. ,e;eldj;jpd; NghJ rptngUkhd;

ghk;igf; ifapy; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L MLthu;.

rptid kwe;J Mztq; nfhz;l Njtu;fSk;>

mRuu;fSk; ke;jhukiyia kj;jhfTk;> thRfp vd;w

ghk;igf; fapwhfTk; nfhz;L mkpo;jj;ij

vLg;gjw;fhfg; ghw;fliyf; file;j NghJ thRfp

eQ;irf; ff;fpaJ. mJ Njtu;fisAk;> mRuu;fisAk;

nfhy;y te;j NghJjhd; Njtu;fSf;Fk;> mRuu;fSf;Fk;

rptngUkhdpd; epidg;G te;jJ. mjdhy; rptid

epidj;J tzq;fpj; jk;ik kd;dpj;Jf; fhg;ghw;WkhW

mOjdu;. mtu;fspd; mOFuy; Nfl;L XNlhb te;j

rptngUkhd; Njtu;fisAk;> mRuu;fisAk; nfhy;yj;

Juj;jpa Myfhy tplj;ijj; jdJ iffshy; ms;spg;

gUfp tpl;Lj; jhd; mf; nfhba tplj;jhy; kaq;fpatu; Nghy ebf;f> ckhNjtpahu;

NtjidAld; Xb te;J mtuJ njhz;iliag; gpbf;f me;j eQ;R njhz;ilapy;

jq;fpaJ. mijf; fz;L mRuu;fs; md;W ,uT KOtJk; fz;tpopj;jpUe;J

rptngUkhidj; njhOjdu;. me;j ,uTjhd; VfhjrpahFk;. ,uT KOtJk;

rptehkj;ijr; nrhd;d Njtu;fs; kWehs;g; gfYk; rptehkj;ijr; nrhy;yp topgl;ldu;.

15. khiy Neu eld tbtk; - re;jpah jhz;lt %u;j;jp


mtu;fs; topgl;l gfw;nghOJ JthjrpahFk;. Jthjrpf;F mLj;j ehs;

jpupNahjrpahFk;. jpupNahjrpad;W rptngUkhd; ckhNjahUld;> Njtu;fSk;>

Kdptu;fSk; kfpo;Tld; fhz;gjw;fhfr; #yj;ijr; Row;wp ifapy; jkUfk; Ve;jp xU

rhkg; nghOJ eldk; Mbdhu;. rptngUkhd; eldkhba fhyj;ijr; rpthfkq;fs;

gpuNjhrk; vdf; $Wfpd;wd. epj;a gpuNjhrkhd khiyAk;> ,uTk; fyf;Fk; nghOjpy;

jpUf;ifiyapy; rptngUkhd; eldkhLthu;. Njtpahu; mijg; ghu;j;J urpj;J kfpo;thu;.

,f;Nfhy tbtNk khiy Neu eldj; jpUf;NfhykhFk;.

,k; khiy Neu eldj;ijf; nfsup jhz;ltk;> ,yf;Fkp jhz;ltk;>

ul;rjhz;ltk;> G[q;fyspjk;> G[q;fj;jpuhrk; vd;w ngau;fshy; miof;fpwhu;fs;.

ckhNjtpahu; kfpo;tjw;fhf Mbajhy; nfsup jhz;ltk; vd;Wk;> khiy Ntisapy;

Mbajhy; re;jpah jhz;ltk; vd;Wk; cyf kf;fisf; fhf;Fk; nghUl;L Mbaikahy;

ul;rjhz;ltk; vd;Wk; ngau; ngw;wd.

khiy Neuk; rptngUkhd; MLk;NghJ vl;L my;yJ gj;Jf; iffs; ,Uf;Fk;.

tyf;iffs; ,uz;by; JbAk;> mga Kj;jpiuAk; ,Uf;Fk;. rpt tbtq;fspy; mga

Kj;jpiuf;Fg; gjpyhf kapypwF ,Uf;Fk;. ,lf;ifapy; xd;W tPrpagb ,Uf;Fk;. kw;wf;

ifapy; ghk;gpUf;Fk;. ,e;eldj;jpd; NghJ jPr;Rlu; Ve;Jtjpy;iy. ,t;tbtj;jpd;

rpytw;wpy; Kayfd; ghjj;jpy; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. khiy Neu eldj;jpd; NghJ

rptngUkhdpd; ,lg;gf;fj;jpy; nfsupAk;> tyg;Gwj;jpy; ee;jpAk; ,Ue;J eldj;ijf;

fhz;ghu;fs;. nfsupf;Fg; gjpyhfj; jpUkhYk; ,Ue;J eldj;ijf; fhz;ghu;. vd;W>

“khakjk;” vd;w rpw;gE}y; $WfpwJ. khiyNeu eldk; gw;wpj; Njthuq;fs; rpwg;gpj;Jf;

$Wfpd;wd.

re;jpah jhz;ltj;jpd; G[q;fj;jpuhrk; vd;Dk; eldr; rpw;g cUtk;

fhQ;rpGuj;jpw;F mUfpy; cs;s $uk; vd;w Cupy; fpilj;Js;sJ. ,r; rpw;gj;jpd; fhyk;

fp.gp. 700 - 950 ,w;Fk; ,ilg;gl;lJ. ,d;gf;fhj;jiy Fwpf;Fk; rpw;gk; jpUkhy;Guk;

tujhl;rp kiyapy; cs;s Fiff; Nfhtpypg; Gilg;Gr; rpw;gkhf cs;sJ.

jpUkoghbr; rptd;Nfhtpypy; Jd;gf;fhj;jy; nraiyf; Fwpg;gpLk; re;jpah

jhz;ltj;jpd; rpw;gk; Gilg;Gr; rpw;gkhf cs;sJ. fUehlf khepyj;jpy; cs;s Mtzp

vd;Dk; Cupy; re;jpah jhz;ltg; Gilg;Gr; rpw;gk; cs;sJ. vy;NyhuhFiff; Nfhtpypy;

,d;gf; fhj;jiy czu;j;Jk; Gilg;Gr; rpw;gk; cs;sJ. ,J fp.gp vl;lhk; E}w;whz;by;

mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fyhk; vdf;fUjg;gLfpwJ. Ijuhghj;jpw;F mUfpy; cs;s gq;fy;


vd;Dk; Cupy; cs;s gQ;NrRtuu; Nfhtpypy; fhj;jy; nraiyf;Fwpf;Fk; rhe;jpah

jhz;ltr; rpw;gk; cs;sJ.

rptngUkhd; capu;fspd;

gupgf;Ft epiyf;Nfw;g Mzt ,Uis

mfw;wp tpidfis mDgtpf;fr;

nra;J ngj;jKj;jpia

mUStjw;fhfg; gQ;rhl;ruj;ijj;

jpUNkhdpahff; nfhz;L

Ie;njhopy;fisAk; xUNru

czu;j;Jk; gQ;r fpUj;jpaj;

jpUeldj;ij MLfpd;w mUs; tbtNk ‘rjhepUj;j %u;j;jp’ tbtkhFk;.

,j; jhz;lt eldk; Ie;njhopy;fisAk; nra;tjw;fhfr; rptngUkhd; MLfpwhu;.

,ijj; jpU%yu; gy jpUke;jpug; ghly;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.

rptngUkhdpd; ifapy; cs;s Jb gilj;jiyAk;> mgaf;fhuk; fhj;jiyAk;>

ifapy; cs;s neUg;G mopj;jiyAk;> Kayfd; kPJ Cd;wpa ghjk; kiwj;jiyAk;

J}f;fpa jpUtb kiwj;jiyAk; Fwpf;Fk;. ,idg; gQ;rfpUj;jpak; vd;gu;. gQ;rfpUj;jpa

eldj;ij Mde;jj; jhz;ltk; vd;Wk; $Wtu;.

rptngUkhd; Jbiaf; nfhl;Ltjhy; Md;khf;fspypUe;J khia tpyFfpwJ.

ifapy; Ve;jpa neUg;G fd;kj;ij mopf;fpwJ. Cd;wpa jpUtb Mztj;ij

mopf;fpwJ. J}f;fpa jpUtb gpwtpg; gpzpia xopf;fpwJ. mgafuk; capu;fis vd;Wk;

,d;gg;gLj;JfpwJ. Md;khf;fisg; gPbj;jpUf;Fk; Kk;kyq;fisAk; ePf;fp> Md;khit

Mde;jkag;gLj;jNt mk;gyj;jhd; ,f; $j;ij epfo;j;Jfpd;whd;. ,t;thW cz;ik

tpsf;fk; vd;w E}ypd; 37 ghly; $WfpwJ.

rptngUkhdJ jpUf;$j;J Ie;njOj;jpd; tbtkhFk;. mtuJ jpUtb ‘e’

fukhfTk;> tapW ‘k’ fukhfTk;> jpUj;Njhs; ‘rp’ fukhfTk;> jpUKfk; ‘t’ fukhfTk;>

jpUKb ‘a’ fukhfTk; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,ijNa Fwpahff; nfhz;L rptngUkhd;

16. vQ;Qhd;Wk; elkhLk; tbtk; - rjhepUj;j %u;j;jp


jhz;lt eldkhLtjhf> ‘cz;ik tpsf;fk;’ vd;w E}ypd; Kg;gj;J %d;whtJ ghly;

$WfpwJ.

Nkw;gb E}ypd; Kg;gj;J ehyhtJ ghly;> cLf;if Ve;jpa fuk; rpfukhfTk;>

mgaKj;jpiu cs;s fuk; afukhfTk;> jPia Ve;jpafuk; efukhfTk;> Kayfd; kPJ

itj;j fhy; kfukhfTk; nfhz;L rptngUkhd; jpUeldk; Gupfpwhu;. Mlty;yhdpd;

jpUTUtk; Ie;njOj;J ke;jpukakhdJ vd;W cz;ik tpsf;fk; mWjpapl;Lf;

$WfpwJ.

gQ;r tpUj;jpaj; jpUeldj;ij> Cd eldk;> Qhd eldk; vd;W ,U gpupTfshfg;

gpupj;Js;sdu;. %d;W jpUf;fuq;fSlDk;> ,U jpUtbtfshYk; MLk; eldj;ij Cd

eldk; vd;Wk;> QhdpfSf;F me;j tifahd eldj;jhy; mUs; nra;tij Qhd

eldk; vd;Wk; miog;gu;.

ehd;F fuq;fSk;> %d;W fz;fSk;> tpupe;j rilAk;> nghd;dpwKk; nfhz;L

kapy;Njhif #ba Kbapy; tyg; gf;fk; gpiwAk;> Ckj;jk; kyUk;> tyr;rilapd;

Edpg;gFjpapy; fq;ifiar; #bAk;. tyg;gf;ff; fhjpy; kfu Fz;lyKk;> ,lg;gf;ff;

fhjpy; ,iyAk; #bAs;shu;. mj;Jld; gy;NtW tifahd mzpfyd;fs; mzpe;Js;s

rptngUkhd; Gypj;Njhiy cLj;Js;shu;. yyf;ifapy; cLf;ifAk;> gpd; ,lf;ifapy;

jPAk;> Kd; tyf;ifapy; mgaKk; nfhz;Ls;shu;. Kd; ,lf;ifia ePl;b MLk;

jhz;ltk; ,JthFk;. mj;Jld; tyJ fhiy Kayfd; kPJ Cd;wp ,lf;fhiyj;

J}f;fp tyg;gf;fkhf ePl;b MLfpwhu;. jpy;iyg; gjpapy; ,e;eldk; rpwg;ghf Mlg;gl;lJ.

jpUQhdrk;ge;ju;> “Foypd; Xir tPiz nkhw;ij nfhl;lKoT mjpuf;> foypd; Xir

Mu;f;f MLk; flTs;” vd;W rpwg;gpj;Jj; Njthuk; ghbAs;shu;.

“Fdpj;j GUtKk; nfht;itr; nrt;thapy;

Fkpz; rpupg;Gk;” vd;W ehTf; furUk;>

“giwAk; FoYk; xyp ghly; ,ak;g”

vd;W Re;ju %u;j;jp ehadhUk; Njthuk; ghbAs;sdu;.

khzpf;fthrf Rthkpfs; jpUthrfj;jpy;> “Qhdf; fUk;gpd; njspitg; ghif

ehlw;fupa eyj;ij ee;jhj;” vd;W kdKUfpg; ghbAs;shu;.


“G+kyp fw;gfg; Gj;Njs; itg;Gk;” vd;W rjh epUj;j %u;j;jpapd; jpUTUit

khzpf;fthrf Rthkpfs; ghbAs;shu;.

rptngUkhdpd; mUs;r; nraiy ,e;j

eld tbtk; rpj;jupf;fpwJ. ,e;eldj;ijf;>

‘fhsp jhz;lt eldk;” vd;Wk; $Wtu;.

,e;eldj;ij kpf Ntfkhfr; Rod;W

Mbdhy; ‘rz;l jhz;ltk;’ vd;W $Wtu;.

xU fhiyj; jiytiu J}f;fp MLtjhy;

Cu;j;Jt jhz;ltk; vd;Wk;> ,e;eldk; tPL

Ngw;iwj; jUtjhfpa mDf;fpufj;jpidj;

jUtjhy; mUs; eldk; vd;Wk;>

mDf;fpuf jhz;ltk; vd;Wk; nrhy;tu;. ,e;eldj;jpw;F NtW gy ngau;fSk; cz;L.

“nraw;fupa jhz;lt eldk; vd;Wk;> ngUq; $j;njd;Wk;” jpUehTf;furu; jdJ

Njthuq;fspy; ,e;eldj;ijg; gw;wp ghbAs;shu;.

,J kpfTk; njhd;ikahd eldk;. Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy; epRk;gd;> Rk;gd; vd;w

,U muf;fu;fs; Njtu;fSf;Fj; jhq;f Kbahj nfhLikfisr; nra;jdu;. mjdhy;

Ntjid mile;j Njtu;fs; ghu;tjp Njtpia Nehf;fpj;jtk; nra;jdu;. ghu;tjp Njtp

mtu;fs; Kd; Njhd;wp> “rptdpd; MizAld; mtu;fis mopg;Ngd;” vd;W $wp

NguoFkpf;f xU ,sk; ngz;; tbntLj;J mtu;fs; Kd; nry;y> mtu;fs; Nghu;

nra;tij tpLj;J mtis Nkhfpj;jdu;. epRk;gd; jd;idj; jpUkzk; nra;J

nfhs;Sk;gb Ntz;bdhd;. mk;gpif> “ehd; cd;idj; jpUkzk; nra;tjhdhy; eP

vd;idg; Nghupy; nty;y Ntz;Lk;” vd;whs;. mij Vw;w epRk;gd; ngUk; Nghu;

njhLj;jhd;. mRuu;fs; vy;NyhUk; ,we;Jtpl> epRk;gd;> uj;jgPrd; vd;w muf;fidg;

Nghu;fsj;jpw;F mDg;gpdhd;. mtdJ clypy; fhak;gl;L vj;jid nrhl;L ,uj;jk;

,uj;jk; tpOfpwNjh me;jsTf;F gy uj;j gPru;fs; cUthfpg; NghUf;F te;jdu;.

mjdhy; mk;gpif fhspiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;J> “fhspNa> epRk;gdpd; clypy; fhak;

gl;lhy; mjpypUe;J ntspNaWk; ,uj;jk; epyj;jpy; tpOKd; Fbj;J tpL” vd;W

fl;lisapl;lhs;. mjd;gb fhsp ,uj;jj;ijf; Fbj;jikahy; uj;jgPrd; vd;w muf;fd;

17. fhspfhz Mba eld tbtk; - rz;l jhz;lt %u;j;jp


mope;jhd;. mjdhy; kfpo;e;j mk;gpif fhspf;Fr; ‘rz;b’ vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngaiu ,l;L

,iwtdpd; mUfpy; eldkhLk; tuj;ijAk; nfhLj;jhs;.

mk;gpifaplk; tuk;ngw;w fhspf;Fj; jhd; gyrhyp vd;w jpkpu; Vw;gl;lJ. mjdhy;

cynfq;Fk; jdJ tPuj;ijf; fhl;br; rfyiuAk; gaKWj;jp te;jhs;. mf;fpukq;fisr;

nra;jthW fhsp jpUthyq;fhl;bw;F te;jhs;. mq;Fs;Nshu; mtisf; fz;L

gPjpaile;J eLeLq;fpdu;. ,e;jr; nra;jpiaf; fhu;f;Nfhlf KdptUk;> ehujUk; rptdplk;

nrd;W nrhd;dhu;fs;. mijf;Nfl;l rptngUkhd; fhspapd; Mztj;ij mlf;f

Myq;fhl;bw;F te;jhu;. rptngUkhDld; G+jg;gilAk; Nru;e;J fhspapd; gilia

vjpu;j;jd. ,g;Nghupd; NghJ thdtu;fs; gy;NtW tpjkhd ,irf;fUtpfis thrpj;jdu;.

Njtkfspu; ,irf;Nfw;g eldkhbdu;. rptd; ,irf;Nfw;g rz;l jhz;lt eldk;

Mbagb Nghu; nra;jhu;. mg;NghJ ,iwtdJ jpUr; nrtpapy; ,Ue;j Fz;lyk; fod;W

tpOe;jJ. mij mtu; eldkhbagbNa fhypdhy; vLj;Jj; jdJ fhjpy; mzpe;jhu;.

,j;jifa Ml;lj;ijf; fhspahy; Ml Kbatpy;iy. mjdhy; mts;

Njhy;tpaile;jhs;. ,t;thW fhspapd; nrUf;if mlf;f rptngUkhd; tpiuthf Mba

eldNk> ‘rz;l elkhFk;’. ,e;j eldj;ijr; rptd; MLk;NghJ ghk;gurdhd

fhu;f;NfhlfDk;> mde;jd; vd;w KdptUk; fz;likahy; tPLNgw;iw mile;jdu; vd;W

Guhzq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

Njthuq;fspy; ,e;eldj;ij> ‘fhspiaf; FzQ;nra; $j;J’ vd;Wk;>

‘ngUq;$j;njd;Wk;’ Fwpg;Gz;L. jpUQhd rk;ge;jupdJk;> Re;juupdJj; Njthuq;fspy;

,e;eldk; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahu;> “Cu;j;j jhz;lt eldkhLk; NghJ jhd; cd;dUfpy;

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;W rptdplk; Ntz;Lfpwhs;. mj;Jld; jpUthyq;fhl;L %j;j

jpUg;gjpfj;jpy; ,e;eldj;ijg; gw;wp tpupthfTg; ghbAKs;shu;. cu;j;jjhz;lt

jpUTUtj;ij fhspfh jhz;lt %u;j;jp vdTk; miog;gu;. ,j;jhz;lt eldj;ijg;

gw;wp rk;ge;jUk;> ehTf;furUk; Njthuq;fspy; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wpAs;sdu;.

mfo;thuha;rpfspd; NghJ rz;ljhz;lt %u;j;jpapd; jpUTUtq;fs; gy

fpilj;Js;sd. Ik;nghd;dhy; nra;ag;gl;l rz;l jhz;lt %u;j;jpapd; jpUTUtk;

jpUthyq;fhl;Lr; rptd; Nfhtpypy; cs;sJ. jpUthyq;fhl;Lg; Guhzk; ,k; %u;j;jpapd;

rpwg;igf; $WfpwJ.


ckhNjtpahu; jpUf;ifiyapy;

rptngUkhNdhL kpfTk; kfpo;Tld;

tPw;wpUf;Fk;NghJ tpisahl;lhfj; jdJ

iffshy; rptngUkhdJ jpUtpopfis

%bdhs;. clNd cyfk; KOtJk;

,Uz;lJ. xspia ntspapLk; nghUl;fs;

ahTk; xspia ,oe;jd. kf;fs;

ngUe;Jd;gg;gl;ldu;. mij czu;e;j

rptngUkhd; jdJ new;wpf;fz;izj;

jpwf;f cyfk; kPz;Lk; xspiag; ngw;wJ. jdJ jtwhy; elj;jij vz;zpa NghJ

ckhNjtpahUf;F clnyy;yhk; tpau;j;jJ. gakpFjpahy; nghj;jpa iffis

vLj;jNghJ ckhNjtpapd; iffspy; gbe;jpUe;j tpau;itj;Jspfs; rpjwp tpOe;jd.

mit gj;Jf; fq;iffspd; rPw;wj;Jld; gha;e;J nrd;wd. mJ cyif mopj;JtpLk;

vd;gij czu;e;j rptngUkhd; mf;fq;ifiaj; J}f;fpj; jdJ jiyapy; itj;jhu;.

cyfk; gioa epiyf;Fj;jpUk;gpaJ. ,jdhy; rptngUkhDf;Ff; ‘fq;fhju %u;j;jp’

vd;w ehkk; cz;lhdJ. ,t;tuyhw;iwf; fe;jGuhzj;jpd; jjPrpAj;jug; gjpfk; tpupthff;

$WfpwJ.

fq;ifazpe;jtu; jpUTUtj;jpy; rptngUkhd; jdJ ,lJfhiy tisj;J> tyJ

fhiy Neuhfj; jiuapy; Cd;wpapUg;ghu;. ckhNjtpaiu ,lf;ifahy; mizj;jpUg;ghu;.

Kd; tyf;ifahy; mtsJ fd;dj;ijj; njhl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;. rptngUkhdpd; gpd;

tyf;if kOitj; jhq;fpapUf;Fk;. mtuJ ifapy; cs;s kO+ fq;if ghAk;

riliaj; njhl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,lf;ifapy; khd; ,Uf;Fk;. ,t;tbtj;jpy;

cikak;ikapd; tyJfhy; espdkhf tisj;jpUf;Fk;. ,lf;fhy; epkpu;e;jpUf;Fk;.

,lf;ifapy; kyupUf;Fk;. tyf;if njhq;Fk; ifahff; fhl;rpaspf;Fk;.

,yf;fpaq;fs; fq;ifazpe;jtupd; Njhw;wj;ijr; rpwg;gpj;J> ‘kioj; jiy

itj;jtu;’ vdTk;> <u;Q;ril me;jzd; vdTk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. ehad;khu; %tUk;

,t;tbtj;ij kpf kpfr; rpwg;ghfj; Njthuq;fspy; tu;zpj;Js;sdu;. fq;ifthu;

rilad;> fq;if ehafd; vd;W ehad;khu;fs; rpwg;gpf> khzpf;fthrf Rthkpfs;>

18. fq;if mzpe;j tbtk; - fq;fhjuu;


‘Vythu; Foypkhu; ,Utu; jq;fs; ehafNd’ vd;Wk;> fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahu;>

‘fq;ifahd;’ vd;Wk;> ‘fq;if kzhsd;’ vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

,t; tbtj;ijf; ftpr;rf;futu;j;jp fk;gu;> ‘nts;sk; mizj;jtd;’> ‘kiy kfs;

nfhOdd; nrd;dp te;J tPo; fq;if’ vd;Wk; njhlu;fshy; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wpaNjhL>

‘fq;if thu; rilad;’> ‘nts;sj;jpy; rbyj;jhd;’ vd;W ,j; jpUTUtj;jpw;F ehkKk;

#l;bAs;shu;. Ngaho;thu; ,j; Njhw;wj;ij> ‘fq;ifahd;’ vd;Wk;> jpUkopir Mo;thu;

‘nts;s ePu;r; rilad;’ vd;Wk;> ek;kho;thu; ‘Mwku; rilad;’ vdTk; rpwg;gpj;Jf;

$wpAs;sdu;.

gy;ytu; fhyj;jpy; fq;fhjuupd; jpUTUtq;fs; rpw;gkhfr; nrJf;fg;gl;ld.

kNfe;jputu;kg; gy;ytd; jpUr;rpuhg;gs;spapy; cs;s Fiff; Nfhtpypy; fq;fhjuiur;

rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; mikj;Js;shd;. jQ;irf; fiyf;$lj;jpy; cs;s fq;fhjuupd;

jpUTUtpy; fq;fhjuu; ckhNjtpiar; rkhjhdg;gLj;j mtsJ fd;dj;ij tULtjhfr;

rpw;gk; mikj;Js;shd;. ,jpy; ckhNjtpahu; gl;lhilAlDk; gy;NtW

mzpfyd;fSlDk; ehzKw;wtuhff; fhzg;gLfpwhu;. fq;fhjuupd; jpUTUtk;

rpthyaq;fs; gytw;wpYk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

mNahj;jpia Mz;l rfud; vd;w

kd;dd; ,e;jpug; gpwtpiag; ngWtjw;fhf

mRtNkj ahfk; nra;a tpUk;gpdhd;. ,ij

mwpe;j ,e;jpud; rfudpd; mRtNkj ahff;

Fjpiuiag; gpbj;Jg; ghjhsj;jpy; jtk;

nra;J nfhz;bUe;j fgpy Kdptu; jtk;

nra;Ak; ,lj;jpy; fl;bitj;jhd;. rfudpd;

kf;fs; mWgjpdhapuk; Ngu;. mtu;fs;

cynfq;Fk; mRtNkjahff; Fjpiuiaj; Njbdu;. mq;F mijf; fhzhikahy;

ghjhsj;jpw;F te;jdu;. ghjhsj;jpy; fgpy Kdptupd; gd;drhiyapy; ahff; Fjpiu

fl;lg;gl;bUe;jijf; fz;L fLq;Nfhgq; nfhz;L fgpy Kdptu; jhd; ahff; Fjpiuiag;

gpbj;Jf; fl;bitj;jpUf;fpwhu; vd;W jtwhf vz;zp mtUld; Nghu; nra;jdu;. fgpy

Kdptu; jdJ jt typikahy; mtu;fis vupj;Jr; rhk;gyhf;fptpl;lhu;. ,ij mwpe;J

19. Kbf; fq;ifia tpLtpf;Fk; ngk;khd; - fq;fh tpru;r;rdu;


kpfTk; ftiy nfhz;l rfud; jdJ Ngudhd mQ;Rkhid mioj;Jf; fgpy

Kdptuplk; nrd;W gzpthfg; Ngrp ahfj;ij Kbj;Jj;jUkhW Nfs; vd;W nrhy;y

mQ;Rkhd; fgpy Kdptuplk; nrd;W gzpthfg; Ngrp ahfj;ij Kbj;jhd;. ,e;j kugpy;

te;jtd;jhd; gfPjud;.

jdJ %jhijau; fgpy Kdptupd; rhgj;jhy; eufj;jpy; ngUk; Jd;gg;gLthu;fs;.

mtu;fisf; fiuNru;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;Jld; gfPjud; ehd;Kfid Nehf;fpj;

jtkpUe;jhd;. mtdJ fLe;jtj;ijf; fz;L mjprapj;j ehd;Kfd; mtdpd; vjpupy;

Njhd;wp> “gfPujh> cdJ je;ijAk; ghl;lDk; fLk; jtk; nra;Jk; mtu;fisr;

nrhu;f;fj;jpw;F mDg;gKbatpy;iy. ahiu Nehf;fpj; jtk; nra;jhYk; eP epidg;gJ

elf;fhJ. mjdhy; fq;fhNjtpia Nehf;fpj; jtkpUe;J mtisg; G+kpf;F mioj;J

te;jhy;jhd; cdJ vz;zk; epiwNtWk; mjdhy; mtis Nehf;fpj; jtkpU” vd;W

$wp kiwe;jhu;.

gfPujd; fq;fhNjtpia epidj;Jg; gy fhyk; jtk; nra;jNghJ xUehs; mts;

mtd; Kd; Njhd;wp> “gfPujh> ehd; G+kpf;F te;J gha;e;jhy; G+kp mope;J tpLk;.

rptngUkhdpd; mDf;fpufk; ,Ue;jhy;jhd; cdJ vz;zk; epiwNtWk;” vd;W $wp

kiwe;jhs;. gfPujd; rptngUkhid Ntz;l fq;if gpughfj;Jld; gha;e;J te;jhs;.

mt;thW mts; nrd;why; G+kp mope;JtpLk; vd;W epidj;j rptngUkhd; fq;ifiaj;

J}f;fpj; jdJ rilapy; itj;jhu;.

mikjpaile;j fq;if G+kpapy; gha;e;J tUk;NghJ [hdtp KdptuJ

Mr;rpukj;ij mopj;J tpl;lhs;. mjdhy; Nfhgk; nfhz;l Kdptu; fq;ifia ms;sp

tpOq;fptpl;lhu;. mjdhy; kpf;f Ntjidg;gl;l gfPujd; jdJ epiyiaf; $wpf;

fq;ifia tpLtpf;FkhW ,ue;jhd;. mtdJ Nfhupf;iff;F ,zq;fpa [hdtp Kdptu;

fq;ifia tpLtpj;jhu;. mjd; gpd; gfPujd;; fq;ifiag; ghjhs cyfpw;F mioj;Jr;

nrd;whd;. mq;F fgpy Kdptiu tzq;fp mtupd; Mrpiag; ngw;W jdJ %jhijaupd;

m];jpia ms;spf; fq;ifapy; fiuj;jhd;. mtdJ Kd;Ndhu; rhgk; ePq;fp gfPujid

tho;j;jptpl;Lr; nrhu;f;fj;jpw;Fr; nrd;wdu;. gfPujdhy; G+kpf;F mioj;Jtug;gl;l

fq;iff;Fg; ‘gfPujp’ vd;w ngau; cz;lhdJ.

ehad;khupd; Njthuq;fspy; ,e;j tuyhW kpfTk; rpwg;ghff; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,t;tbitf; fk;gu; jdJ ,uhkhahzj;jpy;> “Gy;EdpjL......” (1 > 9 > 5 / 24) vDk;

ghlypy; tpsf;fpAs;shu;. fhQ;rpg; GuhzKk; ,j;jpUTUtj;jpd; rpwg;gpidAk;>


ngUikiaAk;> “tpRk;gpdpd;Wk; ntFz;lhu;j;J” vd;Wk; ghly; %yk; rpwg;ghff;

$WfpwJ.

Nrhou; fhyj;Jf; fq;fhtpju;rd %u;j;jp tbtq;fs; jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s gy

rptj;jyq;fspy; cs;sd. ,r;rpt tbtpid gd;dpU Nrhjpypq;fj; jyq;fspy; xd;whd

Nfjhuj;jpy; fhzyhk;. itj;jP];tud; Nfhtpypy; ,j; jpUTUTf;Fr; rpwg;ghf G+irfs;

eilngWfpd;wd. fe;jGuhzKk; ,j; jpUTUitr; rpwg;ghff; $WfpwJ.

,r; rpt tbtk; kpfTk; njhd;ikahdJ.

gyk; kpf;f muf;fu;fshd tpj;Ad;khyp>

jhUfhl;rd;> fkyhl;rd; vd;w muf;fu;fs;

%tUk; nghd;> nts;sp> ,Uk;G Mfpatw;why;

gyk; kpf;f Nfhl;ilfis mikj;J mjpy;

gwe;J nrd;W Njtu;fSf;Fk; kdpju;fSf;Fk;

XahJ Jd;gq;fisf; nfhLj;J te;jdu;.

Njtu;fshYk; ,tu;fis nty;y Kbatpy;iy.

Njtu;fspd; murdhd ,e;jpud; mtu;fSf;Fg; gae;J tho;e;jhd;. mjdhy; Njtu;fs;

midtUk; rptngUkhdplk; nrd;W jk;ik mt; muf;fu;fsplkpUe;J fhg;ghw;WkhW

,ue;jdu;. mtu;fSf;fhf ,uq;fpa rptngUkhd; mk; %d;W nfhba muf;fu;fisAk;

mopf;f epidj;jhu;.

Njtu;fs; rptngUkhd; NghUf;Fr; nry;tjw;fhd Njiur; nra;jdu;. mtu;fs;

G+kpiaj; jl;lhfTk;> #upa re;jpuu;fs; Njupd; rf;fuq;fshfTk;> Ntjq;fisf;

FjpiufshfTk;> NkUkiyia tpy;yhfTk;> thRfpia ehzhfTk;> jpUkhiy

mk;ghfTk;> mf;fpdpia mjd; KidahfTk;> ,akid mjd; ,wfhfTk;>

ehd;Kfidj; NjNuhl;bahfTk; khw;wpg; gyKs;s xU Njiu cUthf;fpdu;.

rptngUkhd; Njupy; Vwp epd;W mijg; ghu;j;Jtpl;L muf;fu;fspd; Nfhl;ilfisg;

ghu;j;Jr; rpupj;jhu;. mf;fzNk mk; %d;W Nfhl;ilfSk; vupe;J rhk;gyhfpd. ,J

ele;j ,lk; jpUtjpifj; jykhFk;.

,t;tuyhw;iw ,Uf;F Ntjk; (6.16.30) tpupthff; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ. jP tbtNk

rptdJ tbtk; vd;W ,Uf;F Ntjk; $WfpwJ. gy tlnkhop E}y;fSk; ,t;

tuyhw;iwf; $Wfpd;wd. GwehZ}W> fypj;njhif> gupghly;> rpyg;gjpfhuk;> ijj;jpupa

20. Kg;Gunkup nra;j tbtk; - jpupGuhe;jf %u;j;jp


rk;fpij> kfhghujk;> Guhzq;fs; vd;gd Kg;Guq;fisAk; mopj;j tuyhw;iw kpfTk;

rpwg;ghff; $wpAs;sd.

“Mjp me;jzd;” vd;W gupghly; (5.22.26)> “jpupGuk; vupaj;Njtu;” vd;w

rpyg;gjpfhug; ghlYk; (6.40.43) ,t; epfo;itr; rpwg;ghff; $Wfpd;wd.

tpy;ypahu; ,t;tbtpid> “Ejy; vupead;”> “Guj;jpid vupj;jtu;”> “Guhyp”> “Gutp

rad;”> “Kf;fz; Guhup” vdg; gy;NtW tpjkhd ngau;fshy; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $Wfpwhu;.

jpupGuq;fisr; rptngUkhd; vupj;j nraiy ehad;khu;fs; Njthuq;fspy; kpfTk;

rpwg;ghff; $wpAs;sdu;.

Kg;Guq;fisAk; vupj;j tuyhw;iw mk;Rkj;Ng jhfkk; vl;L tpjkhff;

Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

jpupGuq;fis vupj;j tuyhw;iwj; jpUke;jpuj;jpd; 329 MtJ ghly; ,t;thW

Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

“mg;gzp nrQ;ril Mjp - Guhjdd;

Kg;Guk; nrw;wdd; vd;gu;fs; - %lu;fs;

Kg;GukhtJ Kk;ky fhupak; mg;Guk; va;jiy ahuwpthNuh” vd;gWk; mij rpt

jj;Jtk; vd;Wk; $Wfpwhu;. jpupGuq;fisAk; vupj;j NghJ rptngUkhd; Mba eldk;

nfhL nfhl;b> gz;luq;fk; vdg;gLk;.

khky;y Guj;jpy; cs;s flw;fiuf; Nfhtpypy; jpupGuhe;jfu; ,UNtWgl;l tbtpy;

fhl;rpaspf;fpwhu;. tl gf;fr; Rtupy; Njupy; ,Ue;J Nghu; GupAk; NfhyKk;> mLj;jjhfg;

gypgPlj;jpw;F mUfpy; cs;s jpUTUtj;jpy; ehd;F jpUf;iffSld; fhl;rp jUfpwhu;.

,jpy; iffspy; kO> tpy;> #yk;> mk;G Mfpad cs;sd. fhQ;rpapy; ,uhr rpk;kdhy;

fl;lg;gl;l Nfhtpypy; vl;Lf; iffisAila jpupGuhe;jfupd; rpw;gk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

,jpy; tpupj;j rilAld; fhzg;gLk; jpupGuhe;jfu; Njupd; kPJ jdJ ,lf;fhiy

Kd;Nehf;fp klf;fp Cd;wpAk;> tyf;fhypid Koq;fhypl;Lk; epd;W Nghu; Gupfpwhu;.

Fjpiufs; Njiu ,Oj;Jr; nry;fpd;wd. ehd;Kfd; Nju;j;jl;by; mku;e;jpUe;J Njiur;

nrYj;Jfpwhu;. njhz;il ehl;by; cs;s jpUtw;Nfhyk; vd;w jyj;jpy; tpy;Nye;jpa

Nfhyj;jpy; jpupGuhe;jfu; fhzg;gLfpwhu;.

Nghupy; ntw;wpiaj; Njbj;jUk; flTshfr; Nrhou;fs; jpupGuhe;jfiuf; fUjp

topgl;ldu;. mjdhy; mtu;fs; fl;ba Nfhtpy;fspnyy;yhk; jpupGuhe;jiu mikj;J


topgl;ldu;. Nfhtpy;fspy; fl;lg;gLk; kfuNjhuzq;fspYk; jpupGuhe;jfupd;

jpUTUtj;ijr; Nru;j;jdu;. mj;Jld; nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfshfj; jpupGuhe;jf;f %u;j;jpia

mikj;J gf;jpAld; topgl;ldu;.

fpU\;zfpup khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s ky;ypfhu;r;Rd Ju;f;fk; vd;w ,lj;jpy;

fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l fy;ntl;by; jPu;j;jGuk; vd;w Cupy; jpupGuhe;jfu; Nfhtpy; ,Ue;jjhff;

Fwpg;Gz;L. mf; NfhtpYf;F gidA+u;rhkd; vd;gtd; jpupGuhe;jf;f ey;Y}u; vd;w Ciu

ed;nfhilahf toq;fpajhfTk; mf;fy;ntl;Lf; $WfpwJ.

cyfj;jtu;fs; ,d;Gw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfr;

rptngUkhDk;> ckhNjtpahUk; kzthsf; Nfhyj;jpy;

Njhd;wpa tbtk; jhd; kztstu; tbtk;. kiyaurdJ

kfshd ckhNjtpahiur; rptngUkhd; kze;J

nfhz;likia tuhfGuhzk; $WfpwJ. mk;gpif gu;tjuhr

Fkhupahfg; gpwe;J jtk; nra;J rptngUkhid kze;j

tuyhw;iwr; rptkfhGuhzKk; $WfpwJ. jl;rdpd; kfs;

jhl;rhazp vd;w ngupy; ghu;tjp> rptngUkhid kze;j

tuyhw;iwf; fe;jGuhzKk; $WfpwJ. kJiu kPdhl;rpak;kd;

rptngUkhid kiwe;J nfhz;lij jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk; $WfpwJ. Qhd

tbtpyhd ckhNjtpia rj;jpa tbtpddhd rptngUkhd; jpUkzk; nra;j tbtNk

kztofu; tbtkhFk;.

mRuu;fspd; mf;fpukq;fs; mjpfupj;j NghJ Njtu;fs; nrd;W rptngUkhdplk;

Kiwapl> rptngUkhd; mRuu;fis mopg;gjw;fhf xU Fkuidg; ngw epidj;jhu;.

ifiyapy; jpUkzk; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,iwtdpdJk; ,iwtpapdJk; kzthsf;

Nfhyj;ijf; fz;Lfspf;f VO mz;lq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; kf;fs; te;jpUe;jdu;. mjdhy;

G+kpapd; tlf;Fg; gFjp jho;e;J tpl;lJ. mjdhy; mfj;jpaiu mioj;j rptngUkhd;

mtiuj; njd;gFjpf;Fr; nry;YkhW gzpj;jhu;. mtu; nrd;wJk; G+kp rkepiyg;gl;lJ.

njw;Fg; gFjpapy; ,Uf;Fk; jhd; ,iwtdpd; kzthsf;Nfhyj;ij fhz Kbatpy;iy

vd mfj;jpau; Jd;gg;gl;lhu;. mij mwpe;j rptngUkhDk; ckhNjtpahUk; kzthsf;

Nfhyj;jpy; mtu;Kd; Njhd;wpdu;. ,f;fhl;rpiaj; jpUf;Fw;whyj;jy Guhzk; tpupthff;

$WfpwJ.

21. kztofu; tbtk; - fypahz Re;juu;


,f; Nfhyj;ij = jj;Jtepjp> fhrpg rpy;g rhj;jpuk;> rpy;g rq;fpufk;> kakjk;

Kjypa E}y;fSk; cj;jufhkpahfkk;> G+u;tfhuzhfkk;> mk;Rkj;Ng jhfkk; Nghd;w

Mfkq;fSk; rpwg;ghff; $Wfpd;wd.

,f;Nfhyj;jpy; rptngUkhDk;> ckhNjtpahUk; fpof;Fj; jpiria

Nehf;fpapUf;fpd;wdu;. kzkf;fs; kpff; fr;rpjkhf myq;fupf;fg;gl;L kpfTk; moFld;

fhl;rp jUfpd;wdu;. jpUkhy; fd;dpfhjhdk; nra;J nfhLf;fpwhu;. jpUkhy; ghu;tjp

Njtpf;Fk;> rptngUkhDf;Fk; eLNt gpd;dhy; jq;ff; fyrj;jpy; ePUld; fd;dpfh jhdk;

nra;J nfhLg;gjw;fhf epw;fpwhu;. ckhNjtpahUf;Fr; Nrhbahf ru];tjpAk;> yl;RkpAk;

epw;fpd;wdu;. ehd;Kfd; jpUkzr; rlq;Ffisr; nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;. gpd;zzpapy;

Njtu;fSk;> Kdptu;fSk; mku;e;jpUg;gu;. rptngUkhd; jdJ tyf;fuj;ij ePl;b

ckhNjtpahupd; jpUf;fuj;ijg; gw;wpg; gpbf;f Maj;jkhf epw;ghu;. mtuJ ,lf;fuj;jpy;

tuj Kj;jpiu ,Uf;Fk;. mtuJ gpd;dhy; cs;s fuq;fspy; khDk;> kOTk; ,Uf;Fk;.

jiyapy; rlhkFlKk;> gpiwAk;> khiyfSk;> NfA+uKk; #bapUg;ghu;. G+E}Yld;>

ghk;Gk;> Fz;lyKk; mzpe;jpUg;ghu;. jl;rd; vd;Wk; ehfj;ij miuapYk;> Gl;fud;

vd;Wk; ehfj;ij khiyahfTk; mzpe;jpUg;ghu;. ngUkhdpd; ,lg;gf;fj;jpy; epw;Fk;

mk;ik fupa epwKilatshf tpsq;Fths;. mts; jdJ tyf;fuj;ij ePl;bagb

epw;ghs;. ,lf;fuj;jpy; ePNyhw;g kyiu itj;jpUg;ghs;. rpy jpUTUtq;fspy; mk;ik

tyg;gf;fkhfTk; epw;gJz;L.

,t; kzthsf; Nfhyj;ijj; jpUKiwfs; mofhf tu;zpj;Jf; $Wfpd;wd.

jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; ,t; mofpa Nfhyj;ij> ‘kapypNdudrhaNyhlku;e;jtd;’> ‘ngUey

Kiyapid nra;j ngUkhd;’> ‘kiyAil klkfd; jidaplk; cilNahd;’>

‘NfhijAld; ,Ue;j kzthsd;’ vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. jpUrhTf;furu;> ‘epj;j

kzthsndd epw;fpd;whd; fhz;’> ‘tk;gpd; kyu; FoYikatu; kzthsd;’ vd;Wk;

Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

,j;jpUNkdpapd; rpwg;Gf; Fwpj;Jg; gy;NtW tifahd fy;ntl;Lf;fs;

fpilj;Js;sd. ,uhr ,uhrdpd; Njtpfspy; xUj;jpahd jpiuNyhf;fpa kfhNjtp

jQ;irg; ngupa NfhtpYf;F rptngUkhdpd; fy;ahzj; jpUf;Nfhyj;ijr; nrg;Gj;jfl;by;

nra;J nfhLj;jhs; vd;W jQ;irf; fy;ntl;Lf; $WfpwJ.

,J jtpu ,j; jpUkzf;Nfhyj;ijr; rpthyar; Rtu;fspy; mofhf tiue;jdu;.

`k;gpypapy;; ,j; jpUkzf;Nfhyk; kpfg;ngupa mstpy; Rtupy; jPl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpy;

,t; Xtpak; ,Ugj;jhW gFjpfshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Lr; rptdJ jpUtpisahly;fSld;

tiuag;gl;Ls;sJ.


,J jtpu ,f;Nfhyk; rpw;gq;fshfTk; gy Nfhtpy;fspy; nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,r;rpw;gq;fis ,e;jpau;fs; kl;Lkd;wp gpw ehl;ltUk; fz;L urpj;J nka;rpypu;f;fpd;wdu;.

gpUq;fp vd;w Kdptu; rptngUkhid kl;LNk

tzq;Fthu;. mtUf;F ckhNjtpahiug; gpbg;gjpy;iy.

mjdhy; mtiu ntWj;jhu;. mjdhy; ckhNjtpahu;

kpf;f Nfhgq;nfhz;L gpUq;fp Kdptupd; rf;jpia

kOq;fr; nra;jhs;. gpUq;fp Kdptu; jdJ KOr;

rf;jpiaAk; ,oe;J vOe;J epw;ff; $l Kbahjtuhdhu;.

,ijf; fz;l rptngUkhd; gpUq;fp Kdptu; jd; kPJ

nfhz;l gf;jpia nkr;rp mtUf;F xU fhiy

mspj;jNjhL rf;jpiaAk; nfhLj;jhu;. ,jdhy;

Nfhgq;nfhz;l ckhNjtpahu; rptngUkhidf; Fwpj;Jj;

jtQ; nra;jhu;. mtupd; jtj;ijf; fz;L tpae;j

rptngUkhd; jdJ ,lg;ghfj;ij mtUf;Ff; nfhLj;jhu;. mjdhy; mtu;

mu;j;jehuP];tu; tbtkhdhu;. MZk;> ngz;Zk; $Ltjhy; jhd; capu;fs;

Njhd;Wfpd;wd vd;w mupa jj;Jtj;ij ,j;jpUTU cyfpw;F czu;j;JfpwJ.

,j; jpUTUit ek; Kd;Ndhu; gy;yhapuk; Mz;Lfshfg; Nghw;wp tzq;fp

tUtjhf ,yf;fpaq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

“fhjy; klg;gpbNahLq; fspW tUjid fz;Nld;” vd;W jpUehTf;furUk;>

“nghz;ZW xUjpwd; Mfpwpd;W” vd;W Gw ehZ}Wk;> “ciknahU ghfj;njhUtd;”

vd;W rpyg;gjpfhuKk;”> “fzkiy miuad; kq;if ifk; kyu;f;Nfhij ghfk;

nfhz;lNj” vd;W kzpNkfiyAk; $Wfpd;wd. gok;ngUk; Gytuhd er;rpdhu;f;fpdpau;>

“rpyk;Gk; EjYk; rpy; FoYk;” vd;w ghlypy; ,t;TUtpd; njhd;ikiaf;

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.

,j;jpUTUtpd; rpwg;ig %d;W ehad;khu;fSk; jkJ Njthuj;jpUg;gjpfq;fs;

gytw;wpy; rpwg;gpj;Jg; ghbAs;sdu;. jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; ,j;jpUtbtj;ijj;> “NjhLila

nrtpad;” vd;Wk;> “khjpyq;F> jpUNkdpau;’ vd;Wk;> ‘mupitNahu; ghfkku;e;jngk;ghd;’

vd;Wk;> ‘tl;l> Kiyahs; gq;fd;’ vd;Wk;> ‘ngz;zhnzd epd;w ngUkhd;’> ‘,kthd;

22. cikgq;fd; tbtk; - mu;j;jehuP];tuu;


kfs; ghykUe;jpUNkdp’ vd;Wk;> ‘ngz;ZW clypdu;’ vd;Wk; rpwg;gpj;Jj;

Njthuq;fisg; ghbAs;shu;.

jpUehTf;fuR ehadhu;> ‘ghfk; nfhg;gspj;j khju;’ vd;Wk;> ‘mupitNahu; ghfu;’

vd;Wk;> kq;if jd;id kfpo;e;njhU ghy; itj;J fe;jtbtk;> ‘MnzhU ngz;Zkhk;

nka;ad;’> vd;Wk; khnjhUghfdhd rptngUkhidr; rpwg;gpj;Jj; Njthuq;fisg;

ghbAs;shu;.

Re;ju%u;j;jp ehadhu;> ‘nky;ypaiyg; Mfq; nfhz;lhu;’ vd;Wk;> ‘kle;ij ghfd;’

vd;Wk;> ‘khjplq; nfhz;ltd;’ vd;Wk; cikgq;fupd; tbtj;ijg; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;J

Njthuq;fs; ghbAs;shu;. fgpyNjtu;> ‘khjuq;fj; jd;duq;fQ; Nru;jp’ vd;Wk;>

‘cikghYk; jd;ghYk; fz;lq;fupad;’ vd;Wk; jdJ rptngUkhd; jpUte;jhjpapy;

,j;jpUtbtj;ijg; Nghw;wpg; ghbAs;shu;.

cikak;ikia ,lg;ghfj;jpy; ,Uj;jpa ,j;jpUTUtj;ijj; jpUkopir Mo;thu;>

jpUkq;if Mo;thu;> ngha;ifaho;thu;> ek;kho;thu; KjyhNdhu; ghRuq;fspy; rpwg;gpj;Jg;

ghbAs;sdu;.

fk;gu; jdJ ,uhkhahzk; vd;w rpwg;G tha;e;j fhtpaj;jpy;> ‘cikf;F xU

ghfj;J xUtd;’ vd;Wk;> ‘ijay; ghfd;’ vd;Wk;> ‘tdpijNahu; $wpdd;’ vd;Wk;>

‘Vio ghfj;jd;’ vd;Wk;> ‘ehup xU ghfj;jd;’ vd;Wk;> ‘gQ;rpd; nky;ybahs; ghfd;’

vd;Wk;> ‘jspupay; ghfj;jhd;’ vd;Wk; rpwg;gpj;Jg; ghbAs;shu;.

tpy;ypahu; jdJ ghujj;jpy;> ‘jd; tbtpy; ghfkha; tpsq;Fk; ige;njhb’ vd;W

Fwpg;gpl;L mjd; ghjptbtk; ePyepwkhdJ vd;fpwhu;. mj;Jld; ,j;jpUtbtr; rpwg;ig>

‘mk;ikNahnlhU $wpdhd;’ vd;Wk;> ‘mupitNahu; ghfk;’ vd;Wk;> ‘ciknahU

$Wilahd;’ vd;Wk;> ‘fUkapy; ghfd;’ vd;Wk;> ‘nfsup gq;fhsd;’ vd;Wk;> ‘Njhif

ghfd;’ vd;Dk; rpwg;Gg; ngau;fshy; mj;jpUTUitg; Nghw;wpg; ghLfpwhu;.

mj;Jld; gps;isg;ngUkhd; Iaq;fhu; ,aw;wpa vl;Lg; gpuge;jq;fspYk;

,t;tbtpidg; gw;wpr; rpwg;ghfg; ghbAs;shu;. ,itjtpu> mUzfpupehju;> Fku> FUguu;

Nghd;NwhUk; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;J ghbAs;sdu;.

mk;Rkj; Ngjhfkk;> fhkpa Mfkk;> fhuzhfkk;> Rg;gpuNgj Mfkk; Mfpa

Mfkq;fs; ,t;tbtj;jpid> ‘mu;j;jehuPRtu %u;j;jp’ vd;W miof;fpd;wd.


rpy;guj;jpdk;> rpy;g rhj;jpuk;> = jj;Jtepjp> ruRtjPa rpj;ufu;k rhj;jpuk; Mfpa rpw;g

E}y;fspYk; ,t;TUtk; gw;wpr; rpwg;ghff; $wg;gl;ls;sJ.

,t;tbtk; tyg;gf;fk; rptidAk; ,lg;gf;fk; cikiaAk; nfhz;lJ.

tyg;gf;fjpy; rilKbAk;> gpiwr; re;jpuDk;> nrtpapy; Fz;lyk; my;yJ kfuf;

FioAk; ,Uf;Fk;. new;wpf;fz;zpy; tyg;ghfg; ghjp rptngUkhdpd; fz;zhfTk;>

khu;Gk;> Gypj;Njhy; MilAk;> ghk;Gk;> G+E}Yk; tyg;gf;fj;Nj ,Uf;Fk;. mj;Jld; tyf;

fhiyr; rpwpT tisj;jgb rptd; epd;w epiyapy; fhl;rp jUthu;.

,lg;gf;fg; gFjpapy; ngz;ikapd; nghypT KOikahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,lg;gf;fj;

jiyapy; fuz;l kFlKk;> nrtpapy; thypfh vdg; ngau; nfhz;l Fz;lyKk;>

new;wpapy; jpyfKk;> fz;zpy; fupaikg; G+r;Rk;> iffspy; tisay;fSk;> G+upg;ghd

nfhq;ifAk;> mzpfyd;fSk;> fhypy; rpyk;Gk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,j;jpUNkdp fUik epwkhf

my;yJ gr;ir epwkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

cik gq;fdpd; jpUTUtk;> ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W> my;yJ ehd;F fuq;fisf;

nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,uz;L fuq;fshapd; tyf;fuk; tuj Kj;jpiuahff; fghyj;ij

Ve;jpapUf;Fk;. ,lf;fuk; fz;zhb my;yJ fpsp my;yJ ePNyhw;g kyiu

Ve;jpapUf;Fk;. my;yJ njhq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. rpy jpUTUtq;fspy; mf; if

tise;J ,lgj;jpd; jiyia tULtJ Nghy ,Uf;Fk;. fpsp mk;gpifapd;

kzpf;fl;lUNf ,Uf;Fk;.

ehd;F fuq;fs; mike;j jpUTUtj;jpy; tyf;fuq;fspy; xd;wpy; fhf;Fk;

Fwpg;igf; nfhz;bUf;f> kW fuk; kOit itj;jpUf;Fk;. rpy jpUTUtq;fspy; xU

fuk; toq;Fk; Fwpg;igAk;> kw;wJ #yj;ij itj;jpUf;Fk;. my;yJ fhf;Fk; FwpNahL

lq;fk; ,Uf;Fk;. my;yJ ,lgj;jpd; kPJ xU fhYk;> fhf;Fk; FwpNahL kW fuKk;

,Uf;Fk;. my;yJ #yKk;> ml;rkhiyAlDk; ,U fuq;fSk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,lf;fuj;jpy;

xd;W ,lgj;jpd; jiykPJ ,Uf;Fk;. my;yJ rpq;fj;jpd; jiykPJ ,Uf;Fk;. kw;wf;

fuk; ez;Lg;gpb Kj;jpiuAld; ePNyhw;g kyiuj; jhq;fpapUf;Fk;. my;yJ

njhq;ftpl;lgb ,Uf;Fk;.

%d;W fuq;fSlDk; rpy ,lq;fspy; ,j; jpUTU ,Uf;fpwJ. %d;W fuq;fs;

,Ug;gpd; ,lg;gf;fk; xU fuKk;> tyg;gf;fk; ,U fuq;fSk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,lf;if

ePNyhw;g kyiu my;yJ fz;zhbia my;yJ fpspia Ve;jpapUf;Fk;. tyg;gf;ff; if

xd;wpy; #yk; ,Uf;Fk;. mLj;jjpy; ml;rkhiyAk; ,Uf;Fk;. Fk;gNfhzk; ehNf];tuu;

Nfhtpypy; ,Uf;Fk; cikgq;fu; rpw;gk; %d;W iffis cilaJ.


ngUk;ghyhd rptj;jyq;fspy; rpW rpW NtWghLfSld; cik gq;fu; jpUTUtk;

cs;sJ. rpy Nfhtpy;fspy; cik gq;ifj; jpUTUtk; nrg;Gj; jpUTUtkhf cs;sJ.

jpUtz;zhkiyapy; cs;s nrg;Gj;jpUTUtj; jpUNkdp fhu;j;jpifj; jPgj; jpUehspy;

kl;Lk; vOe;jUsp kf;fSf;Ff; fhl;rpjUk;.

fahRud; vd;w nfhba muf;fd; ehd;Kfid

Nehf;fpj; jtk;Gupe;jhd;. mtdpd; fLikahd jtj;jpd;

gadhf ehd;Kfd; Neupy; te;J> ‘cdf;F vd;d tuk;

Ntz;Lk;’ vd;W Nfl;f fahRud;> “,iwth ehd;

,wf;ff; $lhJ. rhfhjtuk; jhUq;fs;” vd;W

Nfl;lhd;. ehd;Kfd; mtd; Nfl;l tuj;ijf;

nfhLj;Jtpl;Lr; nrd;whu;.

jhd; ngw;w typikahd tuj;jhy; Mztq;

nfhz;l fahRud; Njtu;fSld; rz;il nra;J

mtu;fis ntd;whd;. ,e;jpudJ thfdkhd

Iuhtjj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpdhd;. Kdptu;fs; nra;j ahfq;fis mopj;jhd;. mjdhy;

Jd;gg;gl;l Njtu;fs; rptgpuhdplk; nrd;W Kiwapl;ldu;. Njtu;fs; Kiwapl;lij

mwpe;j fahRud; mtu;fis Nkhrkhfj; jhf;fpagb rptngUkhdpd; jpUthapYf;F te;J

fu;[id nra;jhd;.

ahid cUtpy; te;j mtd; jpUthapiyj; jhf;fp mopj;jgb rptngUkhid

neUq;fpdhd;. kpf;f rpdq;nfhz;l rptngUkhd; kjq;nfhz;l ahidahf epd;W gpspwpa

fahRud; vd;w ahidiaf; fhyhy; cijj;Jf; nfhd;Wtpl;L mjd; Njhiy cupj;Jj;

jdJ Nkdpiag; Nghu;j;jhu;. ,ijf; fz;L ckhNjtpahu; gae;J eLq;fpdhu;.

rptngUkhd; fahRud; vd;w mRud; ahid cUtpy; te;jNghJ mijf; nfhd;W

mjd;Njhiy cupj;Jj; jdJ Nkdpiag; Nghu;j;j cUtk; jhd;> ‘f[Aj;j %u;j;jp’

tbtkhFk;. ,t;tuyhw;iwf; fr;rpag;g rpthr;rhupahu; fe;jGuhzj;jpy; tpupthff;

$wpAs;shu;.

23. fahRuid mopj;j tbtk; - f[Af;j %u;j;jp


kfhgypr; rf;futu;j;jpapd; kfdhd thzhRud;

rpwe;j rptgf;jd;. ,td; eu;kij Mw;wq;fiuapy;

rptngUkhidf; Fwpj;Jf; fLe;jtk; nra;jhd;.

mtdpd; jtj;jpd; Nkd;ikiaf; fz;L ,uq;fpa

rptngUkhd; mtd; Kd;Njhd;wp> “thzhRuh> cdf;F

Ntz;ba tuq;fisf; Nfs;” vd;whu;. thzhRud; kpf;f

kfpo;tile;J> “vk;ngUkhNd> mf;fpdpahy; mike;j

kjpYk;> cyfk; KOtijAk; Ml;rp nra;Ak;

cupikiaAk;> ehd; mopahjpUj;jYk; Ntz;Lk;.

mj;Jld; jq;fspd; jpUtbtj; jhkiuapy; ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;” vd;W Nfl;lhd;. rptngUkhd; mtd; Nfl;l

tuq;fisf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L kiwe;jhu;. rptngUkhd;

nfhLj;j tuj;jpd; kfpikahy; mtd; KO cyifAk; ifg;gw;wp Mz;L te;jhd;.

mj;Jld; mtdJ Mir mlq;ftpy;iy. mjdhy; mtd; ifahyj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W

rptngUkhidr; re;jpj;J> “vk;ngUkhNd> jhq;fSk;> cikak;ikahUk;> tpehafUk;>

KUfDk; vdJ muz;kidf;F te;J vd;Dld; jq;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;W Nfl;lhd;.

mjw;Fr; rptngUkhd; rk;kjpj;J cikAkDk;> tpehafDlDk;> KUfDlDk; te;J

thzhRudpd; muz;kidapy; jq;fpapUe;jhu;. mjdhy; Mztk; nfhz;l thzhRud;

MtzKw;Wr; rptngUkhdplk; te;J> “vk;ngUkhNd cyfpy; cs;s midtiuAk;

ntd;Wtpl;Nld; ,dpg; Nghu; nra;a ahUk; ,y;iy. mjdhy; vd;Dld; Nghu; nra;a

thUq;fs;” vd;W mioj;jhd;.

rptngUkhd; Gd;difj;J tpl;Lf;> “fz;zd; Jthuifapy; ,Ue;J te;jJk;

mtDld; Nghu; nra;” vd;whu;. mjw;F thzhRud;> ‘ehd; gyKiw mtDld; Nghu;

nra;Njd;. xt;nthU KiwAk; Njhw;wtd;” vd;whd;> “cd;dplk; mtd; Njhw;wgpd;

cgd;A Kdptuplk; mtd; Nghu;g; gapw;rpia ngw;wtd;. ,g;NghJ mtd; cd;idtpl

typikahdtd;. mjdhy; mtd; te;jJk; Nghu; nra;” vd;whu; rptngUkhd;.

mg;NghJ thzhRudpd; nry;y kfshd cir> fz;zgpuhdpd; kfdhd

mepUj;jidf; fdtpy; fz;L mtDld; $bf; fUTw;whs;. ,ij mwpe;j thzhRud;

mepUj;jid gpbj;Jr; rpiwapy; milj;jhd;. jdJ kfidr; rpiwapy; ,Ue;J kPl;ff;

24. Ruk; ePf;Fk; gukd; - [;tuh gf;f %u;j;jp


fz;zgpuhd; gilAld; te;J muz;kid thapypy; mku;e;jpUe;j tpehafiuAk;>

KUfidAk;> rptidAk;> ckhNjtpaiuAk; tzq;fpaNghJ rptngUkhd;> “vk;ik

ntd;wgpd;Ng ghzhRuDld; Nghu; nra;” vd;whu;.

mijf;Nfl;Lj; jpifg;gile;j fz;zd;> “ru;Nt];tuh> mz;lq;fisj;

Njhw;Wtpj;J> mtw;iwnay;yhk; ghJfhf;Fk; jhq;fs; Gd;rpupg;ghy; Kg;Guq;fisAk;

vupj;jPu;fs;. mg;gbahdtNuhL vg;gb ehd; Nghu; GuptJ?” vd;whd;.

mijf;Nfl;Lf; Nfypahfr; rpupj;j rptngUkhd;> “Ntbf;ifahfg; Nghu; nra;. ,J

fl;lhakhdJ” vd;whu;. ,UtUk; Ntbf;ifahfg; Nghu; nra;jdu;. rptngUkhd; jhd;

Njhw;gjw;fhf tpl;Lf; nfhLf;ff; fz;zd; ntd;whd;. mjd; gpd; rptngUkhd;>

“thzhRud; vd;idg; gf;jpAld; tzq;fpa ,U fuq;fisAk; ntl;lhky; tpl;L tpl;L

Vida fuq;fsidj;ijAk; ntl;b mopj;JtpL” vd;whu;.

fz;zDk; thzhRuDk; cf;fpukhfg; Nghu; nra;jdu;. fz;zd; rptngUkhid

kdjpy; ,Uj;jpf; fLk;Nghu; nra;J thzhRud; rptngUkhid tzq;fpa ,U

iffisAk; tpl;Ltpl;L Vida iffs; midj;ijAk; ntl;b tpOj;jpdhd;. mjdhy;

gaq;nfhz;l thzhRud; rptngUkhdplk; te;J mtiu tzq;fp> “mwpahikahy;

nra;j gpioia kd;dpf;FkhW Ntz;bdhd;. rptngUkhd; Kd;G Nghy mtdJ

iffis cz;lhf;fpdhu;. mjd;gpd; fz;zgpuhdpd; kfidr; rpiwapy; ,Ue;J

tpLtpj;J mtDf;F ciriaj; jpUkzk; Kbj;Jitj;Jj; Jthuiff;F

mDg;gpitj;jhu;.

rptngUkhDf;Fk; fz;zDf;Fk; Nghu; eilngw;wNghJ fz;zd; Fspu; Ruj;ijr;

rptngUkhd; kPJ Vt> rptngUkhd; Fspu;Ruj;ij mopf;f ntk;ikr; Ruj;ij Vtpdhu;.

,t;ntk;ikr; Ruk; %d;W jiyfs;> %d;W iffs;> xd;gJ tpopfSlDk;> %d;W

fhy;fSlDk; te;jJ. mjdhy; ,r; rpttbtj;jpw;F> ‘Ruk; ePf;Fk; gukd;’ vdj;

jpUg;ngaupl;L tzq;fpdu;. ,j;jpUTUtk; kJiur; nrhf;fypq;fg; ngUkhdpd; Nfhtpypy;>

‘Rufz;BRtuu;’> ‘Rujhz;ltu;’ vd;Dk; jpUg;ngau;fSld; tPw;wpUf;fpwhu;. ,g;

ngUkhDf;F %d;W Kfq;fs;> %d;W fuq;fs;> %d;W fhy;fs;> xd;gJ tpopfs;

cs;sd. Mlty;yhidg; Nghy ,lJ fhiyj;J}f;fp eldkhLk; Nfhyj;jpy;

,j;jpUTUtk; cs;sJ. kw;w ,uz;L fhy;fSk; epyj;jpy; Cd;wpAs;sd.

,lg;gf;fj;jpy; ,uz;L iffs;> ,tw;wpy; xd;W tPrpa if> kw;wf; ifapy; gilf;fyd;

xd;Ws;sJ. tyf;if fhf;Fk; ifahf cs;sJ. %d;W jiyfSf;Fk; NkNy mf;fpdp

fhzg;gLfpwJ. fhy;fSf;F fPo; = rf;fuk; cs;sJ.


,j;jpUtbtk; fd;dpahf;Fkup> rhl;bahq; Fb> gthdpapy; cs;s rq;fNkRtuu;

NfhtpypYy;> jpUtpy;ypGj;J}u; Mfpa ,lq;fspYy; cs;sJ. ,tUf;Ff; Fspu;e;j

jputpaq;fshy; ePuhl;Ltu;. Neha; jPu;f;Fk; ,j;jpUTUit kf;fs; gf;jpgutrkhf

tzq;Ffpd;wdu;.

jhUfh tdj;jpy; ,Ue;j Kdptu;fs;

Nts;tpfs; nra;jhy; epidj;jtw;iw

milayhk; rptid tzq;fj;

Njitapy;iy vd;w vz;zj;Jld;

,Wkhe;jpUe;jdu;. mtu;fsJ kidtpkhu;

fw;gpw; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdhy; flTis

tzq;f Ntz;bajpy;iy vd

,Wkhe;jpUe;jdu;. ,tu;fspd; Mztj;ij

mlf;fj; jpUTsk; nfhz;l rptngUkhd;

jhd; gpr;ir vLf;Fk; gpr;irf;fhudpd;

tbtpYk;> jpUkhiy Xu; mofpa

Nkhfpdpg; ngz;zhfTk; khw;wpj; jhUfh

tdj;jpw;F mioj;J te;jhu;. Kdptu;fs; Nkhfpdpapd; mofpy; nka;kwe;J mtspd;

gpd;dhy; te;jdu;. mofpa jplfhj;jpukhd epu;thz %u;j;jpahf te;j rptngUkhdpd;

ftu;r;rpahd Njhw;wj;jpy; kaq;fpj; jk;ik kwe;j Kdpgj;jpdpfs; mtupd; gpd;dhy;

miuFiwahd MilfSld; nka;kwe;J te;jdu;. mf;fhl;rpiaf; fz;L

fLQ;rpdq;nfhz;l Kdptu;fs; mgprhuNts;tpia epfo;j;jpr; rptngUkhidf; nfhy;y

epidj;jdu;. Nts;tpj;jPapy; ,Ue;J kpfkpff; nfh^u cUit cila Gypnahd;W

ntspg;gl;L te;jJ. mijr; rptngUkhd; khd;kPJ Vtpdu;. mg;Gyp NfhghNtfj;Jld;

rptngUkhd;kPJ gha;e;jJ. gha;e;j Gypiaf; nfhd;w rptngUkhd; mjd; Njhiy

cupj;Jj; jdJ Milahff; fl;bdhu;.

Gypiar; rptngUkhd; nfhd;wJk; ngUk; Mj;jpuk; nfhz;l Kdptu;fs; mNfhukhf

Nts;tpiar; nra;a> Nts;tpj;jPapy; ,Ue;J vOe;j ahid> khd;> ghk;Gfs;> G+jq;fs;>

kO Kjypatw;iw Vtpdu;. rptngUkhd; mtw;iwnay;yhk; mopj;J tpl;L Kayfidj;

jdJ fhyhy; kpjpj;jhu;. mijf; fz;l Kdptu;fs; te;jpUg;gtu; rptngUkhd; vd;W

czu;e;J mtiug; gzpe;J tzq;fpj; jkJ mwpahikiag; Nghf;FkhW ,uf;f

mtu;fSf;Fr; rptngUkhd; Qhd cgNjrk; nra;jhu;.

25. Gypapid mopj;j tbtk; - rhu;j;J}y `u %u;j;jp


rptnUkhd; Gypapd; Njhiy cupj;j tuyhw;iw ,sq;Nfhtbfs; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;>

“Gypapd; cupcLj;J”> ‘mupapd; cupit Nkfiy #l;b’ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.

,JNghy; NjtukpUspa ehad;khu;fs; %tUk; ,t; tuyhw;iw> ‘gha; Gypj;

NjhYilaha;’> ‘njhy;Ntq;ifj; Njhnyhd;WLj;jhd;> ‘miuNkw; GypapUupia’ vd;W

Njthuq;fspy; ghbAs;sdu;. ,t; tuyhw;iwf; fe;jGuhzKk; $WfpwJ. Kdptu;fs;

Vtpa Gypiaf; nfhd;W mjd; Njhiy cupj;J Milahff; fl;baikahy;>

‘rhu;j;J}t`u %u;j;jp’ vd;w ngau; rptngUkhDf;F Vw;gl;lJ.

kfhghuj Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ ghz;ltu;fsJ

gilAk;> nfsutu;fsJ gilAk; fLikahf

Nkhjpf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. gjpd;%d;whk; ehs;

Aj;jk; cf;fpukhf eilngw;w NghJ

JNuhzhr;rhupahuhy; gj;ktpA+fk;

mikf;fg;gl;lJ. mjDs; jUkdpd;

fl;lisia Vw;W mupr;Rddpd; kfdhd

mgpkd;dpA cs;Ns nrd;W fLikahfg;

Nghuhbdhd;. jUkupd; gil mt;tpA+fj;ij

cilj;J cs;Ns nrd;W mgpkd;dpATf;F

cjtr; nrd;w NghJ [aj;jud; vd;gtd; jdJ

gilfNshL te;J jUkUld; Nghuhbj; jUkuJ gil gj;ktpA+fj;Js; nry;yhjthW

jLj;jhd;. mjdhy; mgpkd;Dthy; gj;ktpA+fj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspNaw Kbatpy;iy.

ngUk;Nghu; nra;j mgpkd;Dit [aj;jpud; nfhd;Wtpl;lhd;. mjdhy; kpf;f nfhgk;

nfhz;l mu;r;Rdd;> “,d;W nghOJ rhAKd; [aj;jpuidf; nfhy;Ntd;. nfhy;y

Kbahtpl;lhy; jP%l;b mjDs;g; gha;e;J capu;tpLNtd;” vdr; rgjkpl;lhd;. mij

mwpe;j JupNdhjdd; [aj;jpuid ahUk; mwpahj ,lj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;W

kiwj;J itj;jhd;.

,ij mwpe;j fz;zd; mupr;Rddplk; nrd;W> “mu;r;Rdh> ,d;W nghOJ rhAKd;

[aj;jpuidf; nfhy;y Ntz;Lkhdhy; ifyhaj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W rptngUkhdplk; ,Uf;Fk;

mjp rf;jp tha;e;j> ‘ghRgjk;’ vd;w MAjj;ijg; ngw Ntz;Lk;. mjdhy;

ifahyj;jpw;F th” vd;W $wp mUr;Rdidf; ifyhaj;jpw;F mioj;Jr; nrd;whu;.

26. mupr;RdDf;fg; ghRgjf;fizia mzpj;j tbtk; - ghRgj %u;j;jp


ifyhaj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w ,UtUk; rptngUkhid tzq;fpj; jhk; te;j

tplaj;ijf; $wr; rptngUkhd; mu;r;RdDf;Fg; ghRgjj;ijf; nfhLj;J mtid

tho;j;jp mDg;gpdhu;. kWehs; kpfTk; cf;fpukhfg; Nghu; eilngw;wJ. khiy Neuk;

te;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. [aj;jpuid vq;F NjbAk; fhztpy;iy. mjdhy;

ghz;ltu;fSk;> mtu;fsJ giltPuu;fSk; ngUk; Ntjidg;gl;ldu;. mij czu;e;j

fz;zd; jdJ rf;fuj;ij Vtr; rf;fuk; thdpy; nrd;W #upaid kiwj;jJ. #upad;

kiwe;J tpl;lhd; vd;w kfpo;r;rpapy; mu;r;Rdd; jPf;Fspg;gijg; ghu;g;gjw;fhf [aj;jpud;

ntspNa te;jhd;. mtidf; fz;lJk; mu;r;Rdd; ghRgjj;ij vLj;J Vt mJ

[aj;jpuidf; nfhd;wJ. mg;NghJ rf;fuhAjk; #upaid tpl;L tpyfr; #upad;

gpufhrkhf xspu;e;jhd;. Kd;G mu;r;Rdd; fhl;by; jtk; nra;j NghJ NtLtdpd;

cUtpy; te;J rz;il nra;J mu;r;Rdd; Njhw;wgpd; rptngUkhd; toq;fpa ghRgjk;

NtW vd;gu;.

fz;zgpuhd; rptngUkhid tzq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ mupr;Rdd;

rptngUkhdplk; ghRgjj;ijg; ngw;w tbtNk> ‘ghRgj %u;j;jp’ ghRgj %u;j;jp

nfhs;sk; Gj;J}u; vd;w jyj;jpy; tPw;wpUe;J mUs;ghypf;fpwhu;.

Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy; rpthyankhd;wpy; vupe;J

nfhz;bUe;j jpUtpsf;fpd; Rlu; kq;fpf; fhzg;gl;lJ. mijf;

fz;l rptngUkhd; ckhNjtpahiug; ghu;j;J>

“,j;jpUtpsf;fpd; jpupiaj; J}z;b tpLgtu;fSf;F ehd;

%TyifAk; MSk; tuj;ijf; nfhLg;Ngd;” vd;wNghJ

vypnahd;W mq;Fte;J jpUtpsf;fpy; ,Ue;j vz;nza;iaf;

Fbj;jNghJ jpup gpufhrkhf vupe;jJ. mjdhy; mt;ntypf;F

%TyifAk; MSk; tuj;ijr; rptngUkhd; mspj;jhu;.

mt; vyp khtyp vd;w ngaupy; mRu Fyj;jpy; Njhd;wp

%TyifAk; ifg;gw;wp Mz;lJ. khtyp mRudhifahy;

mRuu;fspd; gyk; gy klq;fhf mjpfupj;jJ. muf;fu;fs;

Mztq;nfhz;L Njtu;fisf; nfhLikahfj; jhf;fpdu;. fhrpg Kdptupd; khztpahd

jpjp vd;gts; jpUkhy; jdJ kfdhfg; gpwf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Ntz;bj; jtk;

nra;jhs;. mjdhy; jpUkhy; fhrpg KdptUf;Fk; jpjpf;Fk; kfdhfg; gpwe;jhu;.

27. fq;fhs tbtk;


khtyp kpfTk; ey;ytd;. nfhilts;sy;. mjdhy; khtypiar; #o;r;rpahNyNa

nty;y Ntz;Lk; vd;W epidj;J thkd cUtk; (Fs;s cUtk;) vLj;J khtypapd;

mur rigf;F te;jhu;. mtiu kpf;f kfpo;Tld; tuNtw;w khtypr; rf;futu;j;jp>

“KdptNu> ckf;F ehd; vd;d ju Ntz;Lk;” vd;W Nfl;f khtyp> “vdf;F %d;W mb

epyk; je;jhy; NghJk;” vd;whu;.

mijf;Nfl;l khtypapd; FUthd Rf;fpuhr;rhupahu;> “kd;dh ,jpy; VNjh #o;r;rp

,Uf;fpwJ. te;jtu; rhjhzkhdtuy;y. mtu; rfy ty;yikAk; nghUe;jpa

jpUkhyhthu;. mjdhy; epyj;ijf; nfhLf;f Ntz;lhk;” vd;W vr;rupj;jhu;.

“FUNt> ,Jtiu fhyKk; ahrpg;gtu; Nfl;lij kWf;fhJ nfhLj;J te;Js;Nsd;.

,k;Kiw nfhLf;fhtpl;lhy; jPuhjgop vdf;Fz;lhFk;. tUtJ tpjpg;gb tul;Lk;” vd;W

$wptpl;L th kdiug; ghu;j;J> “gpuhkzNu> ePu; %d;wb epyj;ij mse;J vLk;”

vd;whd;.

jpUkhy; clNd jpuptpf;fpuk mtjhuk; vLj;J %d;W cyfq;fisAk; <ubahy;

mse;J tpl;L %d;whtJ mb itf;f ,lq;Nfl;l NghJ khtyp mtiu tzq;fpj;

jdJ jiykPJ itf;Fk;gb Ntz;bdhd;. mjd;gb jpUkhy; khtypapd; jiyapy; jdJ

%d;whtJ mbia itj;jNghJ jpUkhypd; clYs; MNtrk; cUthdJ. mjdhy;

mtu; Njtu;fisAk;> kdpju;fisAk; Jd;GWj;jj; njhlq;fpdhu;. Njtu;fs; thkdupd;

MNtrj;ij mlf;Fk;gb rptngUkhid Ntz;bdu;. rptngUkhd; mtu;fspd;

Ntz;Ljiy Vw;W tr;rpujz;lj;jhy; thkdupd; khu;gpy; Xq;fp mbj;J> mtuJ

Ks;se;jz;il jkJ fuj;jhy; jhq;fpdhu;. rptngUkhd; thkdupd; Ks;sj;jz;ilf;

ifapy; jhq;fpa tbtNk fq;fhsu; Njhw;wkhFk;. ,t;tuyhW cgNjrfhz;lj;jpy;

tpupthff; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;tbtk; gw;wp tlnkhop E}y;fshd> ‘,ypq;f Guhzk;’>

‘Mjpj;a Guhzk;’ vd;gd tpupthff; $Wfpd;wd.

mk;Rkj;Ngjhfkk;> fhkpahfkk;> fhuzhfkk;> rpy;guj;jpdk; Nghd;w E}y;fspy;

,t;tbtk; gw;wpa jfty;fs; cs;sd. rptd; epd;w epiyapy; ,lJ fhiy Cd;wp>

tyJ fhiyr; rw;W tisj;J itj;Js;shu;. ntz;zpwj;ij cila ,t;tbtj;jpd;

Nkw;gFjp rptg;G MiliaAk;> fPNo Gypj;NjhiyAk; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. rilKbapd;

,lg;Gwk; vUf;fk; G+Tk;> tyg;Gwk; gpiwr; re;jpuDk; fhl;rpahf;fpd;wd. rpupj;j

Kfj;JlDk;> Kj;Jg;Nghd;w gw;fSlDk;> fhJfspy; kfu kPd; Fz;lyq;fSld;

jhkiu ,iyAk; ,Uf;Fk;. khu;gpNy G+E}Yk;> ehd;F fuq;fspy; Kd;Ds;s tyJ

fuj;jpy; flff; Fwpg;Gk;> ,lJ fuj;jpy; fq;fhs jz;lKk;> fq;fhsjz;lk; Njhspd;


kPJ rupe;jpUf;Fk;. mzpfyd;fs; epiwe;j ,j;jpUTUtpd; fPo;g;gFjp mofpa

Njhw;wj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. nkhj;jj;jpy; ,f; fq;fhs %u;j;jp kfpo;r;rpahd mofpa

Njhw;wj;ij cilatu;. rptidr; #o;e;J G+j fzq;fs; ve;NeuKk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;W =

jj;Jt epjp> #Rtjparpj;ufu;k rhj;jpuk; vd;w E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

rk;ge;ju;> mg;gu;> Re;juu; Mfpa %d;W ehad;khu;fSk; fq;fhs %u;j;jpapd;

tuyhw;iwj; Njthuq;fspy; rpwg;ghff; $wpAs;sdu;. fhQ;rpg; GuhzKk; ,t; tuyhw;iw

tpupthff; $WfpwJ.

rptngUkhd; Copf;fhyj;jpy; gpukhitAk;> tpl;LZitAk; nfhd;W mtu;fsJ

vYk;Gfis khiyahff; fl;bf; nfhz;L> cLf;ifia mbj;Jf; nfhz;L cyhtpa

jpUf;Nfhyk; jhd; fq;fhs %u;j;jp tbtk; vd;W khzpf;fthrf Rthkpfs;> “eq;fsa;

,njd;d jtk; euk;Nghnld;d jtk; euk;NghnlYk; gzpe;J” vd;w jpUr;rhsy; (11)

ghlypy; nrhy;fpwhu;.

fq;fhsupd; jpUTUitg; gy rpthyaf; NfhGuq;fspy; tbtikj;Js;sdu;. ,r;

rpw;gq;fs; kpf;f moFilait. RrPe;jpuk; jhDkhyag;ngUkhs; Nfhtpy;>

jpUr;nrq;Nfhl;lhd;Fbr; rptd; NfhtpypYk;> rpjk;guj;jpy; NfhGur; rpw;gq;fshff;

fq;fhsupd; mofpa jpUTUtq;fs; cz;L. mj;Jld; Fk;gNzhk; ehNf];tu Rthkp

Nfhtpypy;> ‘gpusafhy Uj;jpuu;’ vd;w ngaupYk;> tpupQ;rGuk; khu;f;f gRgjP];tuu;

NfhtpypYk; fq;fhs %u;j;jpf;Fj; jdpr; re;epjp mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jpUney;Ntyp

ney;iyag;gu; Nfhtpypy; ngupa mstpy; fq;fhs %u;j;jpia mikj;J mtupd;

tuyhw;iwr; rpw;gkhf tbj;Js;sdu;. mj;Jld; ,q;F jpUtpohf;fhyq;fspy; tPjpAyhr;

nry;Yk; jpUNkdp nrg;gpy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;Jld; Nrhou;fs; fl;ba gy

Nfhtpy;fspy; fq;fhsupd; jpUTUtq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mj;Jld; nrg;Gj;

jpUNkdpfshfTk; Nrhou; fhyj;jpy; tbtikf;fg;gl;L kf;fspd; topghl;bw;fhff;

Nfhtpy;fspy; itj;Js;sdu;.

mj;Jld; ,j;jpUTUtpd; topghl;bd; Nkd;ikia tpsf;Ftjw;fhf ‘fq;fhsGuk;’>

‘fq;fhdQ;Nrup’ vd jkJ Cu;fSf;Fk; ngaupl;Ls;sdu;.


Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy; jpUkhy;

rptngUkhid Nehf;fpj; jtk; nra;jhu;.

mjdhy; kfpo;e;j rptngUkhd; mtupd; Kd;G

Njhd;wp> “eP vdJ ,lg;ghfj;jpy; tpsq;Fk;

mUl;rf;jpahf ,Uf;ff; fltha;” vd;W

mUspdhu;. ,jdhy; rptdpd; xU $whfj;

jpUkhy; fzpf;fg; ngw;whu;.

“ntUtUfLe;jpws;” vd;w mfehZ}w;Wg;

ghly; (360 - 6 - 9) ,t; tbtj;ijg; gw;wpf; $WfpwJ. rpte;j epwKila

rptngUkhDk;> ePyepwKila jpUkhYk; ,ize;j khynhUghfu; tbtk; rq;ffhyjpw;F

Kw;gl;lnjdyhk;. mspmu;j;ju;> mupRuu;> Nfrthu;j;j %u;j;jp> rq;fu ehuhazu; vd;W

Mjpfhyk; njhl;L ,j;jpUTUTf;Fg; ngaupl;L tzq;fp tUfpd;wdu;. ,t;tbtj;jpw;F

xU KfKk;> ehd;F iffSk; cz;L. tyg;gf;fk; rptngUkhdhfTk;> ,lg;gf;fk;

jpUkhyhfTk; mike;jpUf;Fk; ,j;jpUtbtj;jpd; rptdJ Kfk; cf;fpukhdjhfTk;>

miunew;wpf; fz;iz cilajhfTk; tpsq;FfpwJ. tyJ fuq;fspy; kOTk;>

fhj;jw;FwpaPLk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,lg;gf;fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; jpUkhyJ Kfk; rhe;jkhf

,Uf;fpwJ. ,lJgf;ff; fuq;fspy; rq;Fk; rf;fuKk; ,Uf;fpwJ. rpy jpUTUf;fspy;

fijAk;> flff; Fwpg;Gk; cs;sJ. tyJ Kd;fhypy; ghk;G tbtpyhd jz;ilAk;>

,lJ Kd;fhypy; etuj;jpdq;fshy; nra;ag;gl;l jz;ilAk; itj;jpUf;fpwhu;.

,j;jpUTUtj;jpd; fhy;fs; tistpd;wp Neuhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ. jiyf;Fg; gpd;dhy;

kpfTk; gpufhrkhd xsptl;lk; cs;sJ. ,t;TUtj;jpd; ,lg;gf;fj;jpy; ee;jpAk;

,Uf;fpwhu;. kfhftp fhspjhru;> “rf;jp xd;W vd;Wk;> guNk];tudpd; mUshy; mJ

Njitf;Nfw;g ehd;fhfg; gu;zkpf;fpwJ. Nghfrf;jpahf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ gthdpahfTk;>

Mlt rf;jpahf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ jpUkhyhfTk;> FNuhj rf;jpahFk; NghJ fhspahfTk;>

Nghu;r; rf;jpahfj; jpfOk;NghJ Ju;f;ifahfTk; nrayhw;WfpwJ” vd;W $Wfpwhu;.

,j;jpUTUtr; rpwg;ig ngha;ifaho;thUk;> ek;kho;thUk; rpwg;gpj;Jg; ghbAs;sdu;.

“mupayhy; Njtpapy;iy Iad; Iahsdhu;f;Nf” vd;W ,j;jpUTUitj; jpUehTf;furu;

rpwg;gpj;Jf; $Wfpwhu;.

ckhNjtpahUf;Fr; rq;fuehuhazuhff; fhl;rp nfhLj;j jyk; rq;fud; Nfhtpy;.

,J jpUney;Ntypapy; cs;sJ. ,q;F eilngWk; Mbj;jgRj; jpUtpohtpy;

28. khnyhLghfu; tbtk; - Nfrthu;j;j %u;j;jp


jtf;Nfhyj;jpy; mk;gpif fhl;rpju> gpd;dputpy; ckhNjtpf;Fk;> rq;fud;> gJtd;

MfpNahUf;Fk; ahid tbtpy; rq;fuehuhazu; fhl;rp nfhLg;ghu;. ,q;F

rq;fuehuhazUila re;epjp rptdJ re;epjpf;Fk;> mk;gpifapd; re;epjpf;Fk; ,ilNa

rq;fuehuhazu; re;epjp mike;Js;sJ.

,JNghyr; rq;fuehuhazuJ re;epjp fUehlf khepyj;jpy; ùpù; jyj;jpy;

mike;Js;sJ. Kw;fhyj;jpy; fhlhf ,Ue;j ,g;gFjpapy; $`hRud; vd;w muf;fd;

rptngUkhid Nehf;fpj; jtk; nra;J jd;id mopf;f Kbahj tuj;ijg; ngw;whdhk;.

mjdhy; rptngUkhd; rq;fuehuhazdhf mtjhunkLj;J mtid mopj;jhuhk;.

mjdhy; ,t;T+Uf;F> ‘ùpù;’ vdg; ngaNuw;gl;lJ. ,t;T+iuj; jl;rpz ifyhak;’

vd;Wk; miog;gu;. rq;fuehuhazu; jpUf;Nfhyj;ijr; rpthfkq;fs; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;fpd;wd.

gy;ytu;fs; jhk; mikj;j Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fs; gytw;wpy; rq;fuehuhazupd;

jpUTUtj;ij mikj;Js;sdu;. Nrhou; fhyj;jpy; rq;fuehuhazu; Nfhl;lj; nja;tkhfg;

Nghw;wg;gl;lhu;. jQ;irapy; rq;fuehuhazUf;Fj; jdpf;Nfhtpy; xd;W cz;L. tl

,e;jpahtpy; cs;s gQ;r jPu;j;jk; vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;l

GtNd];tuypq;fj;jpd; tyg;gFjp rptdpd; $whfTk;> ,lg;gFjp jpUkhypd; $whfTk;

cs;sJ.

,t;tbtk; njd;ehl;bw;Fupa rpwg;ghd tbtkhFk;.

jkpo;ehnlq;Fk; gy rptj;jyq;fspy; ,j;jpUTUtk; cs;sJ.

mk;Rkj;Ngjhfkk;> fhkpfhfkk;> rpy;guj;jpdk; Kjypa E}y;fs;

,j;jpUTUtpd; mikg;Gg; gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wd. gpr;ir Nfl;Fk;

ngUkhd; jdJ ,lJfhiy Cd;wp> tyJ fhiy tisj;J

ele;J nry;thu;. ,tu; ehd;F iffis cilatu;. Kd;

tyf;ifapy; cs;s mWfk;Gy;iy khDf;Ff; nfhLj;Jk;> gpd;

tyJ ifapy; cLf;if Ve;jpAk;> gpd; ,lf;ifapy;

ghk;igAk;> jpup#yj;ijAk; Ve;jpAk;> Kd; tyf;ifapy;

fghyj;JlDk; ,Ug;ghu;. Milapd;wpg; ghk;ig miuQhdhf mzpe;J tpsq;Fthu;.

#yj;jpy; kapypd; Njhif ,Uf;Fk; kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;l ghJifia mzpe;jpUg;ghu;.

mtuJ jiyapy; ril> my;yJ rlh kFlk; ,Uf;Fk;. new;wpapy; Kf;fz;Zld;

gl;lKk; nfhz;L ePyfz;ldhf ,Ug;ghu;. tyf;fhypy; tPuf;foy; mzpe;J jpUtbfspy;

29. gypnfhs; nry;tu; tbtk; (gpl;rhldu;)


Ntjj;ijg; ghJiffshf;fp mzpe;J> gpukdpd; fghyj;ijg; gpr;rhghj;jpukhff; nfhz;L>

cLf;if itj;jpUg;ghu;. tyJ ifiaf; fhJtiu ePl;b> tyg;gf;fk; khDk;>

,lg;gf;fk; Fwl;G+jj;ijAk; itj;jpUg;ghu;. fghyj;ij itj;jpUg;gjhy; ‘fghyp’ vd;w

ngaUk; ,tUf;Fz;L.

fhQ;rpGuj;jpYk;> Fk;gNfhzj;jpYk;> tOT+upYk;> ge;jey;Y}upYk; cs;s

rptj;jyq;fspy; ,tuJ jpUTUtk; cs;sJ. jpUty;Guj;jpy; cs;s gpr;ir cFf;Fk;

ngUkhdpd; nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpapd; iffs; tPizia Ve;jpAs;sd. jQ;irf; fiyf;

$lj;jpy; Kdp gj;jpdpfs; #o;e;Jtug; ngUkhd; tUk; Nfhyk; rpw;gkhf cs;sJ.

,j;jpUTUitg; gw;wpa jfty;fs; jpUKiwfspYk;> jpUke;jpuj;jpYk; cs;sd.

Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy; ,uzpafrpG vd;Dk; nfhba

muf;fd; rptngUkhid Nehf;fpj; jtk; nra;jhd;.

mtdJ jtj;jpd; kfpikia czu;e;J kfpo;e;j

rptngUkhd; mtd; Kd; Njhd;wp> ‘cdf;F vd;d tuk;

Ntz;Lk;’ vd;W Nfl;lhu;. ,uzpafrpG kpf;f kfpo;Tld;

rptngUkhid tzq;fp> ‘vk;ngUkhNd Ruu;fs;> euu;fs;>

al;rfu;fs;> Njtu;fs;> gwitfs;> tpyq;Ffs;>

jhtuq;fs; Kjypa ve;j capu;fshYk;>

gQ;rG+jq;fshYk;> ,utpNyh> gfypNyh> thdj;jpYk;>

G+kpapYk;> muz;kidf;F cs;NsAk;> ntspNaAk;>

ve;jtpjkhd MAjq;fSk; jhf;fp ehd; kuzkilaf;

$lhJ” vd;W Nfl;lhd;. rptngUkhd; mtd; Nfl;l tuj;ij mspj;Jtpl;Lr; nrd;whu;.

tuj;ijg; ngw;w ,uzpafrpG jd;idj; jtpu NtW vtiuAk; ahUk; vf;fhuzq;

nfhz;Lk; tzq;ff;$lhJ vd;W fl;lisapl;lhd;. mij kPWgtu;fSf;Ff; fLikahd

jz;lid toq;fg;gLk; vd;Wk; mwptpj;jhd;. Mdhy; ,uzpafrpGtpd; kfd; gpufyhjd;

jpUkhiyNa tzq;fp te;jhd;. xUehs; ,uzpafrpG fLq;Nfhgq; nfhz;L> “cdJ

nja;tj;ijf; fhl;L” vd;W Nfhgj;Jld; Nfl;fg; gpufyhjd;> “vdJ nja;tk; J}zpYk;

,Ug;ghu; JUk;gpYk; ,Ug;ghu;” vd;W $wf; NfhgNkyPl;lhy; ,uzpafrpG jdJ

fijahy; Xq;fp muz;kidapy; cs;s fw;J}Zf;F mbf;f> mjpypUe;J jpUkhy;

eurpq;f tbtpy; ntspg;gl;L ,uzpafrpigj; jdJ kbapy; gpbj;Jitj;Jf; fbj;Jf;

30. ruNgRtu; tbtk; (rpk;kf;d %u;j;jp)


FjwpaJ. mRudpd; ,uj;jj;ijf; Fbj;jikahy; eurpk;kk; ntwpnfhz;L

kdpju;fisAk;> Njtu;fisAk; nfh^ukhfj; jhf;fpaJ. ,jdhy; Jd;gg;gl;l Njtu;fs;

rptngUkhdplk; Kiwapl;ldu;. mjdhy; rptngUkhd; ru;tty;yik gilj;j

rurg;gwitapd; cUtj;ij vLj;jhu;. mtu; gwitapd; clYk;> kdpj clYk;> kpUf

clYk; nfhz;l xU tbtnkLj;jhu;. mt;tbtNk ruNgRtuu; tbtkhFk;.

,t;tbtj;ij> ‘rpk;kf;d %u;j;jp’ tbtk; vd;Wk;> ‘rpk;`hup’ tbtk; vd;Wk;> ‘eurpk;g

rk;`huu;’ tbtk; vd;Wk; E}y;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sd.

ruNgr tbtj;jpd; jpUNkdp nghd;epwKila gwitiag; Nghd;wJ. mjd;

,wf;iffs; ,uz;L Nky;Nehf;fpapUf;fpd;wd. rpte;j ,U fz;fs; cz;L> vl;Lf;

fhy;fs; cz;L> tpyq;fpd; thiyg; Nghd;w thiyAk;> kdpjiug; Nghd;w cliyAk;>

rpk;kj;jpd; jiyiaAk;> kFlj;ijAk;> gf;fj; je;jq;fis cilajhfTk;> jd; ,U

fhy;fshy; eurpk;kj;ijj; J}f;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapYk; mj;jpUTUtk; ,Ue;jJ.

rugRtu; eurpk;kj;jpd; mUNf nrd;W mku mjd; tPupak; Fiwe;J Fiwe;J ,y;yhky;

Ngha;tpl;lJ. mjd;gpd; eurpk;kk; rptid tzq;fp Mrp ngw;wJ.

,e;j tbtj;ij> ‘Mfhr igutu;’ vd;W cj;jufhkpfhfkk; $WfpwJ. =rug

%u;j;jpf;F #upad;> re;jpud;> mf;fpdp Mfpa %d;Wk; Kf;fz;fshfpAs;sd. fhspAk;>

Ju;f;ifAk; ruNgrupd; ,wf;iffshFk;. ,tupd; ,jaj;jpy; igutUk;> tapw;wpy;

tlthf;fpdpAk;> jiyapy; fq;ifAk; tPw;wpUf;fj; njhz;ilapy; eurpk;kiu itj;jpUghu;

vd;W gpukhz;l Guhzk; $WfpwJ. ,tuJ ngUikfis tpsf;Fk; E}y;fs; gyTk;

njYq;F nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;Ls;sd.

Kjyhk; FNyhj;Jq;fdpd; kfd; tpf;fpukNrhodpd; fhyj;jpy;jhd; (fp.gp 1118 -

1135) Kjy; Kjyhf ,t;tbtk; rpw;gkhf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W Ma;thsu;fs;

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdu;. ,uz;lhk; ,uhruhrd; fl;ba = [uhtNjRtuu; Nfhtpy; uhrfk;gPu

kz;lgj;jpy; cs;s =ruNgrupd; jpUtbapy; $g;gpa fuq;fSld; eurpk;ku; fhl;rp

jUfpwhu;. %d;whk; FNyhj;Jq;fdpd; fhyj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;l jpUg;Gtdk; fk;g`NuRtuu;

Nfhtpypy; ruNgRtuUf;nfdj; jdpr; re;epjp cz;L. nrd;idapy; cs;s NjDGuP];tuu;

Myaj;jpYk;> nrd;id itj;jpaehju; NfhtpypYk; ruNgRtuupd; jpUTUtq;fs; cz;L.

ngupaghisaj;jpy; cs;s rpthyaj;jpYk;> Nfak;NkL FWq;fhyP];tuu; Mya Kd;

kz;lgj; J}z;fspYk; ruNgRtuupd; jpUTUtq;fs; moFld; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

fhiuf;Fbr; rptd; Nfhtpypy; jpUthrpAld; $ba ruNgr %u;j;jpapd; nrg;Gj; jpUTUtk;

cs;sJ. Nrhopq;f ey;Y}u; gpuj;aq;fpuhNjtp Myaj;jpy; ruNgRtuupd; mofhd

Xtpaq;fs; tiuag;gl;Ls;sd. rpjk;guj;jpy; Mlty;yhd; re;epjpf;F vjpNuAk;>

nts;sP];tuu; jpUf;NfhtpypYk; ruNgruupd; jpUTUtk; cz;L. ,J jtpug;gy


rpthyaq;fspy; ruNgRtuUf;Fj; jdpr; re;epjpfs; cz;L. fhQ;rpg;Guhzk; ,j;

jpUTUtk; gw;wpr; rpwg;ghf $WfpwJ.

Nra;QY}upy; tho;e;j me;jzuhd

vr;rjj;jdpd; kfd; tprhurUku;. ,tUf;F

Ke;ija mwptpd; fhuzkhf Ntj

Mfkq;fspd; mwpT mtuJ kdjpy; ,Ue;jJ.

xUehs; xu; ,ilad; gRf;fisf; fk;ghy;

mbj;jijf; fz;l tprhurUku;

mt;tpiladpd; mUfpw; nrd;W mtidf;

fz;bj;J tpl;L mtdplkpUe;j gRf;fis thq;fpte;J kpf;f md;Gld; Nka;j;J te;jhu;.

mjdhy; gRf;fs; mtupd; kPJ mstw;w md;G nfhz;bUe;jd mjdhy; mtiuf;

fz;lJk; jkJ fd;WfSf;Fg; ghy; Rug;gJ Nghyr; Ruf;f Muk;gpj;jd. mg;ghiy

tprhurUku; kz;zhy; xU rptypq;fk; mikj;J mgpN\fk; nra;Jte;jhu;. ,ijf;fz;l

gRtpd; cupikahsu;fs; tprhurUkuJ je;ijahd vr;rjj;jDf;Fr; nrhy;y> vr;rjj;jd;

kpFe;j Nfhgq; nfhz;L jpU%Of;Fr; nra;aitj;jpUe;j ghiyf; fhyhy; cijj;jhu;.

,jdhy; ntFz;nlOe;j tprhurUku; mUfpy; ,Ue;j xU Nfhiy vLj;J tPr mJ

rptdpd; mUshy; kOthf khwp vr;rjj;jdpd; ,U fhy;fisAk; Jz;bj;jJ. mg;NghJ

rptngUkhd; ckhNjtpahNuhL ,lgj;jpy; Njhd;wp tprhurUkiu mizj;njLj;J>

“,dpNky;> eP vdJ njhz;lu;fSf;Fj; jiytdhtha;. vdf;F epNtjdk;

nra;ag;gLgit ahTk; cdf;Nf cupad. cdf;Fr;> ‘rz;Brd;’ vd;w gjtpiaj;

je;Njd;” vd;W nrhy;ypj; jdJ fOj;jpy; ,Ue;j khiyiaf; fow;wp mtUf;Fr;

#l;bdhu;. mtuhy; jz;bf;fg;gl;l vr;rjj;jd; rptgjike;jhd;. ,jd; fhuzkhfr;

rz;NlRtuUf;F mUspa tbtk; rpt tbtkhapw;W.

mk;Rkj; Nghjhfkj;jpd; gb ,t;tbtk; rptngUkhd; cikAld; mku;e;jpUf;Fk;

NghJ mtuJ Kfk; ,lg;gf;fk; jpUk;gpapUf;Fk;. mj;Jld; rz;NlRtuupd; jiyapd;

kPJ gbe;jpUf;Fk;. tyf;fuk; mUl;Fwpg;Gld; ,Uf;Fk; rz;NlRtuu; jhkiu ,Uf;ifapy;

,Ue;J rptidAk;> cikiaAk; tzq;fpf; nfhz;bUg;ghu;.

cj;jufhkpa Mfkj;jpy; rptngUkhDk; ckhNjtpahUk; re;jpuNrfu

tbtepiyapy; ,Ug;gu;. rz;Nl];tuu; mku;e;j my;yJ epd;w Nfhyj;jpy; ,Ug;ghu;.

31. rz;NlrUf;F mUspa tbtk;


rptngUkhd; tyJ ifahy; rz;Nl];tuUf;F khiy #Lthu;. ,t;tbt epiyiag;

G+u;tfhuzhfkk;> rpy;guj;jpdk;> = jj;Jtepjp Mfpa E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

rz;NlRtuu; ,uz;L fz;fisAk;> nghd;tz;zj;ij cilatuhfTk;>

rlhkFlj;ij mzpe;jtuhfTk;> tyf;ifapy; kOitAk;> ,lf;ifiaj; njhilapy;

itj;Jk;> tyf;fhiyj; njhq;ftpl;Lf; nfhz;Lk;> ,lf;fhiy kbj;J itj;Jf;

nfhz;Lk; ,Ug;ghu; vd;W mNfhurpthr;rhupahu;> ‘guhu;j;j epj;jpa G+[htpjp’ vd;w E}ypy;

$wpAs;shu;.

Mfkq;fs; rz;NlRtuiu ehd;F tifahff; $Wfpd;wd. xt;nthU Afj;jpYk;

ntt;NtW ngau;fisf; nfhz;ltuhfTk; ,tu; fhzg;gLfpwhu;. fpUj;jAfj;jpy;

cUj;jpu rz;Nl];tuu; vd;Wk;> jpNujhAfj;jpy; gpurz;lu; vd;Wk;> JthuguhAfj;jpy;

tPurz;lu; vd;Wk;> fypAfj;jpy; jydprz;lu; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwhu;.

ehad;khu;fs; rz;Nl];tuupd; tuyhw;iwAk;> ngUikfisAk; Njthuq;fspy;

ghbAs;sdu;. khzpf;fthrf Rthkpfs; jpUthrfj;jpy; rptngUkhd; mtUf;F mUs;

toq;fpaijg; ngUikahfg; ghbAs;shu;. ehad;khu;fspy; kpfkpf ,isatu;

rz;NlRtuu;. ,tiuj;> ‘jz;b’ vd;Wk; miog;gu;. rptdbahu;fs; midtUf;Fk; ,tu;

jyikjhq;Ftjhy; ,tiuj;> ‘njhz;lu; ehafk;’ vd;Wk; nrhy;tu;. mj;Jld; rptd;

Nfhtpy;fspy; tuT nryTf; fzf;if ,tupd; ngaupNyNa vOJthu;fs;.

rpthyaq;fspy; rz;Nl];tuu; njw;F Nehf;fpapUg;ghu;. rpt topghl;bd; NghJ

rptngUkhDf;nfdg; gilj;j midj;Jg; nghUl;fisAk; rz;NlRtuupd; re;epjpapy;

itj;J> “rptidg; gpuhu;j;jpj;j gyd;fs; midj;ijAk; jh” vd;W rz;Nl];tuiuf;

NfhuNtz;Lk;. gpd; mq;F jug;gLk; ePiw mzpa Ntz;Lk; vd;W rkaE}y;fs;

$Wfpd;wd. rz;Nl];tuu; vg;NghJk; jpahdj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhy; vkJ tUifia mtUf;F

czu;j;j nkJthff; ifiaj;jl;l Ntz;Lk;. rpttopghl;by; Kjypy; tpehafiuAk;>

,Wjpahfr; rz;Nl];tuiuAk; tzq;f Ntz;Lk;. rpthyaj; jpUtpohf;fspd; NghJ

gQ;r%u;j;jpfs; tPjpAyh tUk;NghJ rz;Nl];tuUk; tPjpAyh tUthu;.

vy;yhr; rptd;Nfhtpy;fspYk; rz;Nl];tuUf;nfd;W jdpahd re;epjp cz;L.

rptdpd; fUtiwf;F ,lg;Gwkhff; NfhKfj;jpw;F mUNf rpW Nfhtpy; mikj;J

mku;e;j epiyapy; itj;J mtiug; gupthuj; nja;tkhf kf;fs; Nghw;Wfpd;wdu;.


gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j kf;fs; ,ypq;fq;fis

Mykuj;jpd; mbapy; itj;J tzq;fpdu;. mjdhy; me;j

,ypq;fq;fSf;F ‘Myku; flTs;’> ‘Myku; nry;tu;’

vdg; ngaNuw;gl;lJ. kNf];tu tbtq;fspy; xd;whd

,t;tbtj;ijg; gpd;du;> ‘Myku; nry;td;’> ‘jl;rpzh

%u;j;jp’ vd;Wk; mioj;jdu;. rptngUkhdpd; Nghf>

Nahf> jpUtbtq;fspy; njd;Kff; flTshd

jl;rzh%u;j;jp Nghf tbthFk;. ,tu; Myku epoypy;

njw;FNehf;fp mku;e;jpUe;J rdfhjp Kdptu;fSf;Ff;

fw;gpg;gJld;> cyf kf;fSf;Fk; fw;gpf;fpwhu;. ,tu;fistpl fpd;duu;fSf;Fk;> rpq;fk;>

Gyp> er;Rg;ghk;Gfs; Kjypatw;wpw;Fk; fy;yhyku epoypy; ,Ue;J fw;gpg;gjhfr;

Re;ju%u;j;jp ehadhu;> “fhJ nghj;jiuf; fpd;du; cOitfbf;Fk;” vd;w Njthuj;jpd;

(7.65.6) %yk; tpsf;Ffpwhu;.

‘jl;rpzk;’ vd;why; njw;Fj;jpir> Qhdk;> rku;j;jpak; vdg;nghUs; jUfpwJ.

jl;rzh%u;j;jp njw;F Nehf;fp mku;e;jpUf;fpwhu;. njw;Fj;jpir mopitj; jUtJ.

tlf;Fj;jpir ngUtho;itj; jUtJ. ,d;gkhd tho;it Ntz;b capu;fs; tlf;F

Nehf;fp topgLtjw;fhfj;jhd; jl;rpzh%u;j;jp njw;F Nehf;fp mku;e;jpUf;fpwhu; vd;W

Qhdpfs; nrhy;fpd;wdu;. jl;rzh%u;j;jp> Mrhupahu;f;nfy;yhk; Nkyhd FUththu;.

mjdhy; ve;jtpjkhd mirthl;lq;fSk; ,y;yhky; nksdkhf tPw;wpUe;J

gukhde;jj;ijj; jdJ czu;tpdhy; ntspg;gLj;jpj; jdJ rPlu;fspd; kdjpy; mtw;iw

epiyngwr; nra;Ak; FUtpd; tbtNk jl;rzh%u;j;jp tbtkhFk;.

,f; FU tbtkhd jl;rzh%u;j;jpapd; jpUTUtq;fis vy;yhr; rpthyaq;fspYk;

fhzyhk;. fUtiwapd; ntspg;gf;fkhf cs;s njw;Fg;gf;fj;jpy; mku;e;jpUe;J

mbatu;fisj; jdJ mUl;ghu;itahy; mioj;Jr; rptQhdj;ijj; jdJ jpUNehf;fhy;

Cl;baUs;thu;.

gspq;F Nghd;w ntz;epwj;jpUNkdp> Kayfid mtuJ tyJ ghjk;

kpjpj;jpUf;Fk;. tyJ jpUf;fuj;jpy;> ‘rptQhdNghjk;’ vd;w irt rpj;jhe;j E}y;

,Uf;Fk;. jpUf;fuj;jpy; cs;s Kg;gj;jhW cUtj;jpuhl;r kzpfisf; nfhz;l khiy>

,lf;fuj;jpy; mkpu;j fyrk;> ngUtpuypd; mbg;ghfj;ijr; Rl;Ltpuy;njhLk;. mjpy; rpd;

Kj;jpiu ,Uf;Fk;. new;wpf; fz;Zld; Gypj;Njhypy; Myku epoypy; njw;Fj;jpiria

32. njd;Kff; flTd; (jl;rzh%u;j;jp)


Nehf;fp ehfj;ij khiyahf mzpe;J mku;e;jpUg;ghu;. kpfTk; goq;fhyj;jpypUe;Nj

jl;rpzh%u;j;jp Mykuj;jpd; fPo; ,Ue;J njw;Nf ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gjhf>

“Qhdk;ehDk; eyq;nfhO ey; ,ir” (181:15.18) vd;w mfehZ}w;Wg; ghly;

nrhy;fpwJ. ,Nj fUj;ij fypj;njhifAk; (101.13.14) $WfpwJ. ,J gw;wpa Fwpg;Gr;

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYk; (23.91.95) $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. jpUKiwfspy; gy ,lq;fspy;

jl;rzh%u;j;jpapd; ngUik $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. jpUthrfj;jpy; khzpf;fthrf Rthkpfs;

jl;rzh%u;j;jpapd; jpUTUtk; gw;wpg; gy ghly;fspy; rpwg;ghff; $wpAs;shu;. jpUkopir

Mo;thUk;> ngha;ifaho;thUk; ehyhapuj; jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpy; jl;rzh%u;j;jpapd;

ngUikiaf; $wpAs;sdu;. tpy;yp ghujj;jpy; rdfu;> rde;jpdu;> rdhjdu;> rdj;Fkhuu;

Mfpa ehy;tUk; jl;rzh%u;j;jpapd; rPlu;fs; vd;W $Wfpwhu;. jl;rzh%u;j;jp tbtpy;

rptngUkhd; ehd;F Ntjq;fisAk; ciuj;jijf; $wp> mit ‘vOnjhz;ehd;kiw’

vd;fpwhu;. mj;Jld; tpy;ypahu; rptngUkhd; ciuj;j ehd;kiwia> ‘muthguzd;

je;jUs; mUkiw’ vdTk;> ‘rq;fud; mUspd; te;j rJu;kiw’ vdTk;> ‘,je;jU

cj;jpukh kiwAk; nrg;gpdu;’ vdTk; $WtNjhL jl;rzh%u;j;jpiag; Gfo;fpwhu;.

Myku; flTspd; tbit ruRtjPa rpj;jpufu;krhj;jpuk; ,uz;L vdf; $WfpwJ.

fhrpg rpw;grhj;jpuk; ehd;F vd;W $WfpwJ. = jj;Jtepjp xU tbtk; vd;Wk;

$WfpwJ. Mfkk;fs; ehd;F tbtq;fs; vd;W $Wfpd;wd.

,khyaj;jpy; Mykuj;jpd; mbapy; mku;e;j Nfhyj;jpy; Gypj;Njhypy; epkpu;e;j

epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; ,j; jpUTUtj;jpd; tyJ fhy; fPNo njhq;fpa epiyapYk;>

,lJfhy; kbe;j epiyapYk; ,Uf;Fk;. ehd;F iffspy; Kd;Ds;s xU ifapy;

cUj;jpuhf;f khiyAk;> kw;nwhU ifapy; jP my;yJ ghk;Gk; ,Uf;Fk;. rpy

jpUTUtq;fspy; Gj;jfk; my;yJ jP> my;yJ ghk;G ,Uf;Fk;. rlh Kbapy; vUf;fk; G+>

ghk;G> rpWkzp> fghyk;> gpiwr; re;jpud;> fq;if Mfpad ,Uf;Fk;. ,lf;fhjpy;

rq;fgj;jpuKk;> tyf;fhjpy; Fz;lyKk; ,Uf;Fk;. fOj;jpy; cUj;jpuhr khiy

,Uf;Fk;.

Mfkq;fSk;> rpw;gE}y;fSk; ,t;tbit> Qhd jl;rzh%u;j;jp> Nahf

jl;rzh%u;j;jp. tPzh jl;rzh%u;j;jp> tpahf;fpahz jl;rzh%u;j;jp> tPujl;rzh %u;j;jp>

yl;Rkp jl;rzh%u;j;jp> uh[ jl;rpzh%u;j;jp> gpuk;k jl;rpzh%u;j;jp> rf;jp

jl;rzh%u;j;jp> mj;j jl;rzh%u;j;jp> vdg; gy ngaupl;Ls;sd. ,tw;wpy; tpahf;ahd

jl;rzh%u;j;jp> Qhd jl;rzh%u;j;jp> Nahf jl;rzh%u;j;jp> tPzhju jl;rzh%u;j;jp

Mfpa tbtq;fNs Nfhtpy;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,j;jpUTUtq;fs; jkpo;ehl;by;

Vuhskhd Nfhtpy;fspy; topglg;gLfpd;wd. jl;rzh%u;j;jpapd; jpUTUtq;fs;

fiyak;rk; nfhz;lit. mkupf;fhtpy; jl;rzh%u;j;jpf;nfdj; jdpf;Nfhtpy; cz;L.


ngd;rpy; Ntdpahtpy; mike;Js;s jl;rzh%u;j;jpapd; cUtr;rpiy Mapuj;J Ie;E}W

fpNyh vilAilaJ. ,j;jpUTUtk; njhlu;ghd gy fy;ntl;Lf;fs;

mfo;thuha;r;rpfspd; NghJ fz;nlLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

rdfd;> rde;jdd;> rdhjdd;> rdj;Fkud; Mfpa

ehd;F Kdptu;fSf;Fk; nka;g;nghUisr; nrhy;yhkw;

nrhy;yp rpd; Kj;jpiuahy; tpsf;fpa gpd; mtu;fs;>

“FUNt> ,g;NghJ vkJ Iak; mfd;wJ. mLj;J

Nahfkhu;f;fj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;” vd;W Nfl;ldu;.

mjw;Fr; rptngUkhd; $wpdhu;> “gpukGj;jpuu;fNs>

kdk; Ik;G+jq;fspyhd xU NjuhFk;. mj;Njiu kdk;

vd;w Fjpiu ,Oj;Jr; nry;fpwJ. mjd; rhujpahd

mwpahik Md;khitj; Jd;gj;jpy; jhd; js;Sk;. Ik;Gyd;fs; vd;w Njiu mwpT vd;w

rhujpaplk; nfhLj;jhy; Ik;Gyd;fshy; Md kdk; ,d;gkilAk;. kdij xU

epiyg;gLj;jp ey;y topapy; nry;y itf;fNtz;Lkhdhy; Nahfk; gapy Ntz;Lk;.

miye;J jpupAk; kdij mlf;fp xU nghUspy; epiyahf epWj;JtJ Nahfk;. Nahfk;>

,akk;> epakk;> Mrdk;> gpuhzhahkk;> gpuj;jpahfhuk;> jhuiz> jpahzk;> rkhjp vd

vl;L cWg;Gf;fis cilaJ.

,akk; - vd;gJ Ik;nghwpfisAk; kdj;ijAk; jPa topfspy; nry;y tplhJ mlf;Fjy;

MFk;. nfhy;yhik> cz;ik> fs;shik> fhkkpd;ik> nghWik>

cWjpAilik> jaT> Neu;ik> msthf cz;Zjy;> J}a;ik vdg; gj;J

tifg;gLk;.

epakk; - ew;nray;fs; %yk; kdijf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtNj epakk; MFk;. ,J jtk;>

kfpo;r;rp> ,iw ek;gpf;if> jhdk;> rptG+ir> FUtplk; Nfl;ly;> ntl;fk;>

ew;Gj;jp> [gk;> tpjk; vdg; gj;J tifg;gLk;.

Mrdk; - ,iwtid tzq;Fk;NghJ cliy itj;jpUf;Fk; Kiw Mrdk; vdg;gLk;.

Nahf E}y;fs; E}w;nwl;Ltpjkhd Mrdq;fisg; gw;wpf; $wpaNghJk; vl;L

Mrdq;fNs eilKiwapy; cs;sd. mit Rfhrdk;> tPuhrdk;> gj;khrdk;>

tPugj;khrdk;> rpk;khrdk;> Ff;Flhrdk;> kA+uhrdk;> Rt];jpfk; vd;gdthFk;.

33. jtepiyj; njd;Kff; flTs; (Nahf jl;rzh %u;j;jp)


gpuhzhahzk; - tpUk;gpa Mrdj;jpy; mku;e;J Kiwg;gb Rthrpj;jNy gpuhzhahkk;

vdg;gLk;. ,g;gapw;rpiaf; FUtpd; cjtpNahL nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy;

kdk; rkepiyg;gLk;. MAs; ePbf;Fk;.

gpuj;jpahfhuk; - Ik;nghwpfshy; Vw;gLk; czu;Tfisj; jLj;J mtw;iw

ew;nray;fshf;fp kdjplk; Nru;j;J Kd;G mlf;fpa gpuhzthAit

mirahky; ,Uf;Fk;gb nra;jNy gpj;jpahfhuk; vdg;gLk;.

jhuiz – kdjpy; cs;s vz;zq;fis tpyf;fp> mjid clk;gpd; rf;jpahf tpsq;Fk;

rf;fuj;jpy; epiyngwr; nra;J mjpy; ,iwtdpd; tbtj;ijf; fhz;gNj

jhuizahFk;.

jpahdk; - Gyd;fis miya tplhJ kdjhy; mlf;fp> me;j mlq;fpakdjhy; ,jaj;

jhkiuapy; tPw;wpUf;Fk; ,iwtidr; rpe;jpg;gNj jpahdkhFk;.

rkhjp - ,iwtd; kPJ KOikahf md;G nfhz;L> Gwg;nghUl;fs; kPJs;s Mirfis

KOikahf mfw;wp> ROKid ehb topNa nrd;W Fk;gfk; nra;J mq;Nf

rptj;Jld; fyg;gNj rkhjpahFk; vd;W rptngUkhd; gpukGj;jpuu;fSf;Ff; $w

mtu;fs; Mde;j NkyPl;lhy; mtiu tzq;fp tpilngw;wdu;. rptngUkhd;

rdfhjp Kdptu;fSf;Fg; GupAk; gbahf Nahf Kiwiaf; fw;gpj;j jpUTUt

epiyNa jl;rzh%u;j;jp tbtkhFk;.

rpe;J ntspapy; elj;jg;gl;l mfo;thuhr;rpfspd;NghJ Rz;zhfk;Gf; fy;yhyhd

xU Nahfpapd; rpiy fpilj;Js;sJ. mj;Jld; mq;F kuj;jhYk; fspkz;zhYk;

nrJf;fg;gl;l Kj;jpiufs; Vuhskhff; fpilj;Js;sd. fpilf;fg;ngw;wit gy;NtW

tiffspw; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

jl;rzh%u;j;jpapd; jpUTUtk; %d;W tifahff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. KjyhtJ

mikg;gpy; mtuJ ghjq;fs; ,uz;Lk; Rt];jpfhrd mikg;gpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. Kd;

,lf;ifia kb kPJ Nahf mikg;gpy; itj;jpUf;fpwhu;. Kd; ,lf;ifia

khu;Gf;fUfpy; Nahf Kj;jpiuAld; itj;jpUf;fpwhu;. gpd; tyf;ifapy; cUj;jpuhf;f

khiyAk;> gpd; ,lf;ifapy; jhkiuAk; itj;jpUf;fpwhu;. mtuJ ghu;it %f;fpd;

Edpiag; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. mtiur; Rw;wp Kdptu;fs; mku;e;jpUg;ghu;fs;.

,uz;lhtJ – mikg;gpy;> ,lf;fhiy tisj;J cj;Fbfhrd tbtpy; mku;e;jpUg;ghu;.

,tuJ cliyAk;> ,lf;fhiyAk; Nahfg;gl;lk; %bapUf;fpwJ. tyf;fhy;

njhq;fpa tbtk;> ,lf;fhypd; tise;j Koq;fhypd; kPJ ,tu; jdJ

Kd;ifia ePl;b itj;jpUf;fpwhu;.


%d;whtJ tifapy;> ,tuJ ,uz;L fhy;fSk; tise;J FWf;Nf nrq;Fj;jhf

,Uf;Fk;. mijr;Rw;wp xU Nahfgl;lk; fl;lg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. jdJ ,uz;LiffisAk;

ePl;b Koq;fhspd; Nky; itj;jpUg;ghu; gpd;Ds;s tyf;fuj;jpy; cUj;jpuhf;fKk;> gpd;

,lf;fuj;jpy; fkz;lyj;ijAk; itj;jpUf;fpwhu;. ,tuJ ril rlhkz;lykhfj;

jpfo;fpwJ. rilapy; gpiwiaAk; ehfj;ijAk; #bAs;shu;.

,j;jpUTUtq;fs; jkpo; ehl;by; cs;s ngUk;ghyhd rpthyaq;fspy; cs;sd.

ehjNkAUthd rptngUkhd; jpUf;ifyha kiyapy;

jl;rzh%u;j;jpahf vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; NghJ ahopir

tpw;gd;du;fshd Jk;GU> ehuju;> Rfu; Kjypa Kdptu;fs;

mtiu tzq;fp> “vk;ngUkhNd> NjtuPupd; ngUikfisf;

$Wk; rhkNtjg; ghly;fis ehk; tPizapy; thrpf;fTk;>

ghlTk; mUsy; Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhd ,d;dpir Qhdj;jpd;

cz;ikfisAk; vkf;F ,ak;g Ntz;Lk;” vd;wdu;. mijf;

Nfl;L kfpo;e;j rptngUkhd; mtu; Nfl;l gb jdJ tPizia

Ve;jp> Gaj;jpy; mizj;J jpUtpuy;fshy; euk;Gfis

,irj;Jg; ghbdhu;. mjd; gpd; Kdptu;fSk; tPizia kPl;bg;

ghbdu;. Mjdhy; tPizia jl;rzh %u;j;jpapd; jpUTUit

tpzhju jl;rzh%u;j;jp vd miog;gu;. ,j;jpUTUitg; gw;wpf;

fhkpahfkk;> mr;Rkj;Ngjhfkk;> fhuzhfkk; vd;gd mofhff; $wpAs;sd.

fhkpthfkj;jpd; gb ,j;jpUTU> tPizia ey;y Kiwapy; thrpg;gjw;fhf ,tu;

,lJ fuj;ij cau;j;jp> tyJ fuj;ijj; jho;;jpiaj;Jf; nfhz;L> tPizapd; jiyg;

gFjpia ,lJ ifapdhYk;> fPo;g;gFjpia tyJ ifapdhYk; gw;wpg; gpbj;jpUf;fpwhu;.

tPizapd; xyp vOg;Gk; gFjp ,tuJ tyJ njhilapd; kPJ itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpd;

tyf;fuk; tPizia kPl;bf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Kfk; re;ju;rz Kj;jpiuia cila

ifiag; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,tiur; #o;e;J Kdptu;fSk;> rpj;ju;fSk;>

G+jq;fSk;> tpyq;FfSk;> Njtu;fSk; mku;e;jpUg;gu;. Gypj;Njhypd; kPJ mku;e;Jk;

epd;Wk; fhl;rpaspg;ghu;. rpy jpUTUtq;fspy; NtWghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mk;Rkj;

Ngjhfkj;jpd; gb ,tuJ ,lJ ghjk; cj;Fbahrd mikg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk;. tyJ ghjk;

njhq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,tuJ fhybapy; Kayfd; ,Ug;ghd;. ,t; tbtj;jpy; %d;W

fz;fSlDk;> ehd;F fuq;fSlDk; fhl;rpaspf;fpwhu;. Kd; ,U fuq;fSk; tPiziag;

34. tPizNae;jpa njd;Kff; flTs; (tpzh jl;rpzh%u;j;jp)


gw;wpg; gpbj;jpUf;Fk;. gpd;dhy; cs;s tyJ fuk; cUj;jpuhf;f khiyiaAk;>

gpd;dhYs;s ,lf;fuk; jPia my;yJ ehfj;ij Ve;jpapUf;Fk;. rlhghuk;> rlhge;jk;>

rlhkz;lyk;> rlhkFlk; my;yJ gl;lge;jj;jhy; fl;lg;gl;l rilfis cilatuhf

,Ug;ghu;. rilapy; fq;fhNjtpapd; Gd;eifAila KfkpUf;Fk;. ,tuJ ,lJ fhjpy;

rq;fgj;jpuKk;> tyJ fhjpy; Fz;lyKk; fhzg;gLk;. fOj;jpy; cUj;jpuhf;f khiy

mzpe;J ntz;ikahd MilfSld; Gypj;NjhiyAk; mzpe;J> gytifg;gl;l

Mguzq;fisAk; mzpe;J Gd;rpupg;Gld; ,Ug;ghu;.

gy rpthyaq;fspy; tPizNae;jpa jpUTUtq;fs; ntt;NtW tbtpYk; ntt;NtW

Njhw;wq;fspYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

nfsrpf Kdptupd; Gjy;thud kpUfz;L Kdptu;

jdJ kidtpahd kUj;JtjpAld; gyfhyk;

,d;gkhf tho;e;jNghJk; mtu;fSf;Fg; gps;isfs;

gpwf;ftpy;iy. mjdhy; kg;NgW Ntz;br;

rptngUkhid epidj;Jj; jtk; nra;jhu;. mtuJ jt

typikia czu;e;J kfpo;e;j rptngUkhd; mtupd;

Kd;Njhd;wp> “KdptNu> ckf;F mwptpy; Fiwe;j

ePz;l fhyk; thof;$ba kfd; Ntz;Lkh?>

,y;yhtpl;lhy; ew;Fzq;fSk;> ey;nyhUf;fKk; epug;gg;

ngw;w gjpdhW taJ tiu thOk; kfd; Ntz;Lkh?”

vd;W Nfl;lhu;. mjw;F kpUfz;L Kdptu;> “ew;FzKk;

rptrpe;jidAk; cila gjpdhW taJtiu kl;Lk; thof;$ba kfNd Ntz;Lk;” vd;W

Nfl;lhu;. rptngUkhd; mt; tuj;ij mspj;J tpl;L kiwe;jhu;. kpUfz;LTf;F Xu; Mz;

kfT gpwe;jJ. mjw;F khu;f;fz;Nlad; vdg; ngaupl;L> kpf;f md;Gld; kpUfz;L

Kdptu; tsu;j;J te;jhu;.

khu;f;fz;Nlad; ngUk; rptgf;jdhf tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mtdJ epidtpy;

,Ue;J xU fzKk; rptngUkhd; tpyfpapUg;gjpy;iy. gjpdhW taJ KbAk; ehsd;W

khu;f;fz;Nlad; jpUf;flT+u;r; rptd;NfhtpYf;F te;J> mq;F mUs;ghypj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;Fk;> ‘mkpu;jfNlRtuiu’ topgl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mg;NghJ mtDf;Fg;

gjpdhW taJ epuk;gpaJ. mjdhy; mtdJ capiuf; ftu akju;kuh[d;tUfpwhd;.

mtidf; fz;l khu;f;fz;Nlad; jdJ ,uz;L iffshYk; mkpu;jRNl];tuiu ,Wff;

35. fhyidf; fha;e;j ngk;khd; (fhyrk;fuu;)


fl;bg;gpbj;jhd;. mg;NghJ khu;f;fz;Nlaupd; capiuf; ftu akd; tPrpa ghrf;fapW

mkpu;jRNl];tuiuAk; gw;wpg; gpbj;J tpl;lJ. mjdhy; Nfhgq;nfhz;l mkpu;jRNl];tuu;

,ypq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspg;gl;Lj; jdJ ,lJ fhyhy; cijj;jhu;. ,j;jpUTUtf;

fhl;rpNa ‘fhyrk;fhu %u;j;jp’apd; tbtkhFk;.

,f;fhl;rpia mg;gUk;> rk;ge;jUk;> Re;juUk; Ntjhuq;fspy; kpfTk; rpwg;ghfg;

ghbAs;sdu;. khzpf;fthrf Rthkpfs; jpUthrfj;jpy; gy ,lq;fspy; ,j;jpUTU gw;wpr;

rpwg;ghfg; ghbAs;shu;. ,tu;fis tplj; jpU%yUk; khspifj; NjtUk; ,t;tbitr;

rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wpAs;sdu;. ,Jjtpuf; Fq;fpypaf; fyr ehazhu; Guhzj;jpYk;>

fhiuf;fhyk;ikahupd; ghly;fspYk; rptngUkhd; akid cijj;j tuyhW rpwg;ghf

cs;sJ.

ehad;khu;fSk;> Kdptu;fSk;> QhdpfSk;> Gytu;fSk; ,e;epfo;itg; gy;NtWgl;l

tifapy; $wpAs;sdu;. mlu;j;jhd;> mLj;jjtd;> ml;lhd;> ,lwpdhu;> cUz;Nlhl

cijj;jhd;> capu; nfhz;lhd;> clwpa cUl;ba> cly; fpopa> fLj;jhd;> fhj;jhd;>

fbe;jhd;> fha;j;jhd;> nra;jhd;> gha;e;jhd;> ntd;whd;> Kdpe;jhd;> J}a;ik nra;jhd;

vd;W gytifahd nrhw;fshy; fhyidr; rptngUkhd; cijj;jijf;

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdu;.

fk;gu; ,ikahdj;jpd; Aj;jfhz;lj;jpy; cs;s tPlzd; milf;fy;glyj;jpy;

rptngUkhd; akid khu;f;fz;NlaUf;fhf cijj;jijr; Ritahff; $wpAs;shu;.

tpy;ypGj;J}u; ,ijf; Fwpg;gpLifapy;> ‘$w;wpid cijj;jghjUk;’ vdTk;> ;Ke;jpKjy;

$w;Wijj;j ,Ujhs;’ vd;W khu;f;fz;NlaDf;fhf cijj;j rptidg;gw;wpf;

$wpAs;shu;.

mk;Rkj; Ngjhfkj;jpd; gb fhyidf; fha;e;j ngUkhDf;F %d;W fz;fs;>

ehd;F my;yJ vl;Lf; iffSld; $upa gw;fisAk; nfhz;ltu;. ehd;F fuq;fshapd;

tyg;gf;fKs;s ifapy; cs;s #yk; fhJtiu nrd;wpUf;Fk;. kw;wf; ifapy; guR

my;yJ mUl;Fwpg;G ,Uf;Fk;. ,lg;gf;fj;J Kd;fuk; #rpf;Fwpg;GlDk;> gpd;fuk;

tpag;gpid czu;j;Jk;> if kyu;f;Fwpg;GlDk; tpsq;Fk;. vl;Lf; fuq;fs; ,Ug;gpd;

tyf;fuq;fs; ehd;fpYk; #yk;> guR> tr;rpuk;> fl;fKfk; vd;gdTk;> ,lf;fuq;fs;

,uz;by; NflfKk;> ghrKk; ,Uf;Fk;. kw;w ,U fuq;fSk; tpRka#rp Kj;jpiuAld;

,Uf;Fk;. rptdJ tyJ ghjk; jhkiuapd; kPJk;> ,lJ fhy; akDila jiykPJk;

,Uf;Fk;. fhkpa Mfkj;jpd;gb rptngUkhdpd; ,lJ ghjk; akid cijj;Jf;

nfhz;Lk;> tyJ ghjk; akDila jiyapYk; ,Uf;Fk;. rptdpd; tyf;fuq;fspy;

#yKk;> guRk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,lf;fuq;fspy; ehfghrKk;> #rpf; Fwpg;Gk; fhzg;gLk;.


rptDila fz;fSk;> mtu; VTk; #yKk; akdJ fOj;ij Nehf;fpathW ,Uf;Fk;.

,tw;iw tplr; rptd; ,ypq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J vOtJ NghyTk;. khu;f;fz;Nlad; rptid

tzq;fpf; nfhz;bUg;gJ NghyTk;> akd; fPNo tpOtJ NghyTk;. fhuzhfk;

,j;jpUTUtj;ijr; rpj;jupf;fpwJ. ,J ,ypq;Nfhj;gtupd; tbtpid xj;jjhf cs;sJ.

fhuzhkfj;jpy; rptdpd; Kd;dpU fuq;fSk; flf Kj;jpiuAld; ,Uf;Fk;. =

jj;JtepjpAk; ,t;thNw Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ.

jpUf;flT+upy; epd;w Nfhyj;jpy; ,t;TUtj;ijf; nfhz;l nrg;Gj; jpUNkdp

cs;sJ. ,J jtpug; gl;B];tuk;> jpUr;nrq;fhl;lq;FbapYk; ,t;tbtr; rpw;gq;fs;

cz;L. NkYk; gy rpthyaq;fspy; cs;s NfhGuq;fspy; fijr; rpw;gq;fshf ,t;

tbtq;fs; cs;sd. ,Jjtpu Myaj;J}z;fspYk; ,t;tbtq;fs;> rpw;gq;fshf

cs;sd.

Rtw;rpj;jpuq;fshf ,t;tbtpidg; gy rptd;Nfhtpy;fspy; fhzyhk;. jpy;iyapy;

jpU%yl;lhdu; re;epjpapd; ntspr;Rtupy; ,Ugj;ije;J kNfRu tbtq;fs; Xtpaq;fshf

tiuag;gl;Ls;sd. fUehlfj;jpy;> ‘gUehlfq;fs;’ vd;w ngaupy; ehlfkhf

,t;tuyhw;iw ebj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wdu;. ‘kpUj;JAQ;rau;’ vd;w ehlfk; fhyid

cijj;j tuyhw;iwAk;> ‘jpupGurk;fhuu; vDk; ehlfk; jpupGuq;fis vupj;j

tuyhw;iwAk;> ‘fhyigut&gu;’ vd;w ehlfk; jl;rzJ ahfj;ij jfu;j;j nraiyAk;>

‘ghnyhNej;uu;’ vd;w ehlfk; kd;kjid vupj;j tuyhw;iwAk; vLj;Jf; $WfpwJ.

ifyhaj;jpy; rptngUkhDld; ckhNjtpahu;

$bapUf;Fk; NghJ mtu; ,iwtidj; njhOJ>

vk;ngUkhNd Kd;G ehd; jf;fDf;F kfshfg; gpwe;J

jhl;rhazp vd;w ngaUld; tho;e;J ngUk;

mtkhdg;gl;Nld;. mjdhy; ,t;Tliy ehd;

tpUk;gtpy;iy mij ePq;FkhW mUs; nra;Aq;fs;

vd;W mtiu Ntz;bdhs;. mijf;Nfl;l

rptngUkhd;> “ckh> ,kthd; vd;Dk; rpwe;j

rptgf;jdhd kiyaurd; cd;id kfshfg;ngw

Ntz;Lk; vd;w tpUg;NghL fLe;jtk; nra;fpwhd;. mtdJ Ntz;NfhSf;fpzq;f eP

mtdJ kfshfg; gpwf;ff; fltha;” vd;W mUspdhu;. mjd;gb ,kthdpd; kiy

ehl;by; cs;s ngha;if xd;wpy; kyu;e;j jhkiu kyupy; Foe;ijahf mk;gpif

36. fhkid vupe;j tbtk; (fhkjfdu;)


Njhd;wpdhs; mf;Foe;ijiaf; fz;nlLj;j ,kthd; mJ ckhNjtpahnud kfpo;e;J

kpf;f kfpo;Tld; tsu;j;J te;jhd;. ckhNjtpahUf;F ,kthd;> ‘ghu;tjp’ vd;Wk;

‘kiykfs;’ vd;Wk; ngaupl;L md;Gld; tsu;j;J te;jhd;. gUtnka;jpa ghu;tjp

rptidj; jpUkzk; nra;tjw;fhff; fLe;jtk; nra;jhs;.

mk;gpifiag; gpupe;j rptngUkhd; fapiyapy; jl;rzh%u;j;jpahf mku;e;J

rdfhjp Kdptu;fSf;F cgNjrk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;. mr;rkak; Njtu;fSk;

kdpju;fSk; Mz; ngz; cwtpd;wp ,Ue;jdu;. mjdhy; cyfpd; tsu;r;rp jilg;gl;lJ.

,e;epiyapy;r; #ugJkd;> rpq;fKfd;> jhufd; vd;w nfhba muf;fu;fs; %tu;

Njtu;fisj; Jd;GWj;jpdu;.

,jdhy; Njtu;fs; midtUk; Nru;e;J rptngUkhdpd; jt epiyiaf;

fiyf;Fk;gb fhjy; nja;tkhd kd;kjid ,ue;jdu;. mjdhy; jdf;Fg; ngUk; Mgj;J

tUnkd;W njupe;j kd;kjd; Kjypy; kWj;jNghJk; gpd; cyf ed;ikf;fhfr;

rptngUkhdpd; kPJ fhkf;fizfisj; njhLj;J mtiuf; fhktrg;gLj;jpg;

ghu;tjpNjtpiaj; jpUkzk; nra;Jitf;f tpUk;gp> kyu;f;fizfSld; ifyhaj;jpw;Fr;

nrd;W> rptngUkhd; kPJ fhkf;fizfisj; njhLj;jhd;. mit rptngUkhd; kPJ

gl;lJk; mtu; ngUq;Nfhgj;Jld; jdJ new;wpf; fz;izj; jpwf;f mjpypUe;J

ntspg;gl;l mf;fpdp kd;kjid vupj;Jr; rhk;gyhf;fpaJ. ,ij mwpe;j kd;kjdpd;

kidtpahd ujpNjtp rptngUkhidg; gythW Jjpj;Jj; jdf;F khq;fy;ag; gpr;ir

toq;FkhW ,ue;jhs;. rptngUkhd; mtspd; kPJ ,uf;fk; nfhz;L> “kd;kjd; cdJ

fz;fSf;F kl;Lk; njupthd;” vd;W $wp gpd; kd;kjidg; ghu;j;J> “eP mUt epiyapy;

,Ue;J cdJ njhopiyr; nra;” vd;W gzpj;jhu;. ,e;j epfo;itf; fe;jGuhzk;

tpupthff; $WfpwJ.

,iwtd; fhkid vupj;jikahy;> ‘fhkjfd %u;j;jp’> ‘fhkhup’ vd;w ngau;fisg;

ngw;whu;. ,t;tbtpy; rptngUkhd; Nahf %u;j;jpahf ,lf;fhiy kbj;J> tyf;fhiyj;

njhq;ftpl;L mku;e;Js;shu;. gpd; ,UiffspYk; khDk; kOTk; Ve;jp> Kd; tyJ

ifapy; fhf;Fk; Fwpg;GlDk;> Kd; ,lf;ifia Koq;fhy; tiu ePl;b itj;jthW

mku;e;jpUf;fpwhu;. mtiur; Rw;wp rdfhjp Kdptu;fs; tzq;fpf; nfhz;L epw;fpd;wdu;.

ngUkhdpd; ,lg;gf;fj;jpy; mk;gpif epd;wthW fhl;rpaspf;fpwhs;. ,f;NfhyNk

‘fhkidf; fha;e;j NfhykhFk;’.

cj;ju fhkpfhfkk;> Rg;gpuNghj Mfkk;> G+u;t fhuzhfkk; vd;gd

,j;jpUTUtj;ij tpsf;fpAs;sd.


,t;tbtk; Nahf fl;rpzh%u;j;jp tbtkhFk;. mj;Jld; fhkdpd; tbtKk;

fhzg;gLk;. fhkdpd; cauk; rptdpd; cauj;jpy; gj;jpy; VO gq;fhFk;. mofpa

mzpfyd;fis mzpe;j fhkd; nghd;epwkhdtd;. ifapy; fUk;G tpy;Yk;> Itifg;

G+f;fspyhd kyu; mk;GfSk; ,Uf;Fk;. mtdpd; mUfpy; ,ujp> Njtghfh> tre;jh

Mfpa %tUk; ,Ug;gu;. ,t;tbtj;jpy; rptDf;F %d;W fz;fSk;> ehd;F iffSk;>

rilkFlKk;> iffspy; ehfk;> mfkhiy> flff; Fwpg;G> #rpf; Fwpg;G Mfpad

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

jpUKiwfspy; fhkidf; fha;e;j ngUkhidg; gw;wp mjpfk; jfty;fs; cs;sd.

fhQ;rpapy; cs;s Vfhk;gehju; jpUf;Nfhtpypy; cs;s Mapuq;fhy kz;lgj;jpy;

fhkjfd%u;j;jpapd; rpw;gk; cs;sJ. ,ijtplg; gy rpthyaq;fspy; fhkjfdk;

rpw;gq;fshfTk;> Xtpaq;fshfTk; cs;sd. fpuhkkf;fs; fhkd; gz;bif vdf;

fhkjfdj;ijg; ngaupl;L tpohthff; nfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;.

ahupdJk; fz;fSf;Fk; Gyg;glhj gy;yhapuk;

mz;lq;fs; G+kpiar; Rw;wpr; Rod;W

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. mz;lq;fSf;Fg; Gwj;Nj

,e;jpujpir Kjypa gj;Jj; jpirfspYk; cs;s

E}W Gtdq;fspy;> E}W cUj;jpuu;fSk;>

mtu;fspd; Gtdq;fSf;FNky; fhyhf;fpdp

cUj;jpuu; KjypNahupd; Gtdq;fs; MWk;>

mtw;wpd; Nky; ,uz;Lkhf mf;fiyapy;

E}w;nwl;Lg; Gtdq;fs; cz;L. ,t; E}w;nwl;Lg;

Gtdq;fspy; ,uz;L Gtdq;fs; gpukhz;lj;jpw;F

NkypUf;Fk;. mit jtpug; gj;Jg; Gtdq;fs;

G+kpapd; NkNy caukhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,itjtpug;

gj;Jg; Gtdq;fs; G+kpapd; fPo;g;Gwkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,it jtpug; gj;Jg; Gtdq;fs;

G+kpapd; <rhdj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. NkYk; gy G+kpf;F tlf;fpYk;> thA%iyapYk;>

Nkw;fpYk;> epUjp jpirapYk;> njw;fpYk;> mf;fpdp%iyapYk;> fpof;fpYk; gj;Jg; gj;Jg;

Gtdq;fshfTk;> xope;j MW Gtdq;fSk; fhyhf;fpdp jj;Jtj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.

,itahTk; eptu;;j;jpfiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

37. Gtdq;fs; NjhWk; vOe;jUSk; tbtk; (,yFNsRtu tbtk;)


,jw;FNky; gpujp\;lhfiyapy; gpufpUjpapd; Fzjj;Jtj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; vl;Lg;

Gtdq;fSf;Fk;> mfq;fhuj;jj;Jtj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; vl;Lg; Gtdq;fSf;Fk;

QhNde;jpupaj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; Gtdj;jpw;Fk;> G+jjhd; khj;jpiuapy; ,Uf;Fk;

Mfhajj;Jtj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; vl;Lg; Gtdq;fSf;Fk;> thAjj;Jtj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; vl;Lg;

Gtdq;fSf;Fk;> Nj[];j;Jtj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; vl;Lg; Gtdq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy;

mg;Gjj;Jtj;jpy; guhG+jbz;b Kz;b M\hlG\;fhiekpr gpughr mkNuRtu

Gtdq;fspd; kj;jfj;jpy; ,yFNsRtu Gtdk; kpFe;j xspAld; gpufhrpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

mq;Nf rptngUkhd; vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; Myaj;jpd; Nahrid fzf;fpylq;fhj

NfhbfshFk;. mj;Jld; mtupd; jpUNkdpapy; ,Ue;J ntspg;gLk; xspAk; gyNfhb

NahridahFk;. mupaidapd; NahridAk; gy NfhbahFk;. rptngUkhd; jdJ

tyg;Gwj;jpy; kOTk; #yKk;> ,lg;Gwj;jpy; fyrk; cs;s jpUf;fuKk; jhq;fp

mg;Gtdj;jpy; cs;s Md;khf;fSf;Fg; ghrePf;fk; nra;J Kk;kyq;fisAk; Nghf;fp

ew;fjpaUSk; Qhdr; rhupahuhf tPw;wpUf;fpwhu;. ,j;jifa ngUikfSld; xt;nthU

Gtdj;jpw;Fk; xt;nthU %u;j;jpahf vOe;jUspapUe;J mq;Fs;s capu;fSf;F mt;tt;

capu;fspd; fd;k tpidf;Nfw;gj; jpUtUs; Gupfpwhu;. ,t;thW xt;nthU Gtdq;fspYk;

vOe;JspapUe;J jpUtUis mspf;Fk; rpt tbNt ,yFNsRtu %u;j;jp tbtkhFk;.

,t;tupa jpUTUitg; gw;wpf; fhQ;rpGuhzk; tpupthff; $WfpwJ.

fUikahd kiy Nghd;w cliyAk;>

tpfhukhd Kfj;ijAk;> Nfhukhd gw;fisAk;>

ahidapd; Jjpf;ifiag; Nghd;w iffisAk;

cila kpfTk; nfhba muf;fdhd me;jfd;

vd;gtd; rptngUkhidj; jpahdpj;Jg;

gQ;rhf;fpdpapd; kj;jpy; epd;W gyfhyk; jtk;

nra;jhd;. mtdJ jtj;jpd; gadhfr; rptngUkhd;

mtd; Kd; ,lgthfdj;jpy; ckhNjtpahUld;

Njhd;wp> “cdf;F vd;d tuk; Ntz;Lk;?” vd;W

Nfl;lhu;. rptngUkhidf; fz;L nka;rpypu;f;f

tzq;fpa me;jfd;> “vk;ngUkhNd” mup> mad;

Kjypa Njtu;fshy; $l vd;id mopf;f Kbahj tuk; juy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld;

38. igutu; tbtk;


ahUf;Fk; ,y;yhj Mw;wYk; vdf;F Ntz;Lk;” vd;whd;. rptngUkhd; mtd; Nfl;l

tuj;ij kfpo;Tld; mspj;Jtpl;L kiwe;jhu;.

typikahd tuq;fisg; ngw;w me;jfhRud; %TyifAk; ifg;gw;wp kpfTk;

nfhLikahf mtu;fis elj;jpdhd;. gpukh> tpl;LZ> ,e;jpud; MfpNahUld;

midj;Jj; Njtu;fisAk; mioj;J> “ePq;fs; ,dpNky; Mz;fisg; Nghy

elkhlf;$lhJ. ngz;fSf;Fupa Mguzq;fis mzpe;J> Nriy fl;b> fz;fSf;F

fUikapl;Lg; ngz;fshfNt vdJ muz;kidf;F ntFJ}uj;jpy; tho Ntz;Lk;” vd;W

fl;lisapl;lhd;.

kpfTk; nfh^ukhd Fzq;fis cila me;jfhRuDf;Fg; gae;j Njtu;fs;

midtUk; ngz;ZUtpy; tho;e;J te;jdu;. mg;gb tho;e;j NghJk; me;jfhRud;

Njtu;fs; thOk; ,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W mtu;fisj; Jd;GWj;jp te;jhd;.

mjdhy; ngUk; Ntjid mile;j Njtu;fs; rptngUkhdplk; nrd;W

Kiwapl;ldu;> “cq;fsJ Jd;gq;fis ehd; tpiutpy; ePf;FNtd;. gag;glhjPu;fs;.

ePq;fs; midtUk; ,e;j ke;jhukiyapy; trpf;Fk; ghu;tjpNjtpAld; ngz;tbtpy;

,Uq;fs;” vd;whu;.

Njtu;fs; ngz;tbtpy; ke;jhu kiyapy; ,Ug;gij mwpe;j me;jfhRud; jdJ

gilAld; mq;Nf nrd;whd;. ,ij mwpe;j rptngUkhd; jk;khy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l

igutiu mioj;J mtuJ typikia mjpfupf;fr; nra;Jtpl;L me;jfhRuid

mopf;Fk;gb gzpj;jhu;.

me;jfhRud; igutUld; cf;fpukhfg; Nghuhbdhd;. mtdJ giltPuu; gyu;

kbe;jdu;. me;jfhRudpd; ifapypUe;j MAjq;fs; midj;ijAk; igutu; mbj;J

nehUf;fpdhu;. mg;NghJ mRuu;fspd; FUthd Rf;fpuhr;rhupahu; te;J mKjrQ;rPtpdp

ke;jpuj;ij nrhy;y ,we;jNridfs; ahTk; capu;ngw;wd. cile;j MAjq;fs;

Kd;Nghyhapd. mjdhy; Nghu; cf;fpukile;jJ. mjdhy; Nfhgq;nfhz;l rptngUkhd;

mKjrQ;rPtpdp ke;jpuj;ijr; nrhy;ypf;nfhz;bUe;j mRuFUthd Rf;fpuhr;rhupahiuj;

J}f;fp tpOq;fpdhu;. ,jdhy; giltPuu;fs; Kd;GNghy ,we;jdu;. rptngUkhd;

me;jfhRuidj; jdJ Kj;jiyr; #yj;jhy; Fj;jp NkNy J}f;f> igutu; te;J mr;

#yj;ijg; ngw;W rptngUkhdpd; re;epjpf;Fr; nrd;whu;. me;jfhRud; jdJ jtiw

czu;e;J rptngUkhidj; njhOjhd;. mg;NghJ rptngUkhd;> “cdf;F vd;d tuk;


Ntz;Lk;” vd;W Nfl;f me;jfhRud;> “ehd; G+jq;fSf;Fj; jiytdhf tpUk;GfpNwd;”

vd;W Nfl;lhd;. fUizNatbtkhd rptngUkhd; mtd; tpUk;gpa tuj;ijf;

nfhLj;jhu;. me;jfhRuidr; rq;fupj;j ‘%u;j;jNk igut %u;j;jp’ahFk;.

rpthyaq;fspy; tlfpof;F %iyapy; igutuJ re;epjp ,Uf;fpwJ. ,t;tbtk;

Milapd;wp ehapd; Cu;jpAld;> cf;fpukhd ghu;itAld; Njhw;wkspf;Fk;. epd;w

jpUf;Nfhyj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; ,j;jpUTUtj;jpw;F ehd;F jpUf;fuq;fs; cz;L. lkUfk;>

ghrk;> #yk;> fghyk; vd;gd ,tuJ iffspy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,tNu jpUf;Nfhtpypd;

ghJfhg;ghsuhthu;. Cu;fspd; fhty; nja;tKk; ,tNu.

rpthfkq;fs; igutu; mWgj;J ehd;F jpUf;Nfhyq;fis cilatu; vd;W

$Wfpd;wd. rptngUkhdpd; tPur;nray;fs; vl;lhFk;. mtuJ tPur;nray;fspd;

ntspg;ghlhf igutUk; vl;L cUtq;fis vLj;J md;gu;fSf;F mUs;ghypf;fpwhu;.

mit KiwNa mrpjhq;fd> UU> rz;ld;> cd;kj;jd;> fghyd;> gP\zd;> FNuhjd;>

rk;khud; vd;gdthk;. ,t;ntl;L jpUNkdpfSk; rptngUkhdpd; ml;l %u;j;jq;fshfpa

gQ;rG+jq;fs;> #upad;> re;jpud;> Md;kh vd;w vl;bYk; ePq;fhJ epd;W mbahu;fSf;F

mUs; Gupfpd;wdu;.

ml;l igutu;fs; jPik nra;Nthiuj; jz;bg;ghu;fs;. cyf ed;ikapd; nghUl;L

mit nra;ag;gl;lhYk;> gy capu;fs; mjdhy; Jd;gg;gl;ld. mjdhy; mtu;fSf;Fg;

ghtk; cz;lhdJ. mg;ghtq;fs; ePq;Ftjw;fhf mtu;fs; fhQ;rpGuk;> fhrp Kjypa

rptj;jyq;fspy; jk;ngauhy; ,ypq;fq;fis mikj;J topgl;ldu;. mit mtutupd;

ngau;fshy; ml;l iguNtr;ruq;fs; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

rPu;fhopapy; cs;s gpukGuP];tuu; re;epjpapy; ,t; vl;Lg; igutu;fSf;Fk; re;epjp

cz;L. jpUtz;zhkiyapy; cs;s mUzhrNy];tuupd; NfhGuj;jpd; Kfkz;lyj;jpy;

vl;Lg; igutu;fspdJk; fijr;rpw;gq;fs; cs;sd. fhrpapYk; vl;Lg; igutu;fSk;

vOe;jUspapUf;fpd;wdu;. Fw;whyj;jpy; cs;s rpj;jpu rigapy; ml;ligutu;fspy;

Xtpaq;fs; cs;sd.

#upadJ Nfhtpypy; cs;s igutu; khu;j;jhz;l igutu; vd;Wk;> KUfd;

Myaj;jpy; cs;s igutu; Fkhuigutu; vd;Wk;> tpehafupd; Myaj;jpy; cs;s

igutu; gpuNkhjigutu; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. rpy jpUkhypd;

jpUf;Nfhtpy;fspy; igutupd; jpUTUtq;fs; cz;L. mjw;F KFe;j igutu; vdg;ngau;.


Rtu;zhfu;\z igutu;> mbatu;fSf;F ms;spf;nfhLg;gtu;. gz;ilafhy

muru;fs; ,t; igutiu cghrpj;J Ntz;basT nghd;idAk;> nghUisAk; ngw;wjhf

tuyhW $WfpwJ. nghJthfr; rptj;jyq;fs; midj;jpYk; igutupd; jpUTUtk; jdpr;

re;epjpaikj;J topglg;gLfpwJ. rpthyaq;fspy; rg;j khju;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. mtu;fs;

gpuhkp> kNf];tup> nfskhup> it\;ztp> tuhfp> ,e;jpuhzp> rhKz;b vd;w ngau;fshy;

tzq;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,tu;fSf;Fg; gjpfshf KiwNa mrpjhq;figutu;> UUigutu;>

rz;ligutu;> FNuhjdigutu;> cd;kj;jigutu;> fghyigutu;> gP\zigutu;

MfpNahiu mike;jpUf;fpd;wdu;. igutupd; vl;lhtJ %u;j;jkhd rk;khd igutUf;Fr;

rz;bif vd;Dk; rf;jp cldpUe;J mUs;fpwhs;.

,e;jpahtpYk;> ,e;J rkaq;fs; gutpa gu;kh> jPngj;> Neghsk;> ahth> Rkj;jpuh>

,e;Njhdrpah> kNyrpah> rpq;fg;G+u;> jha;thd;> ,yq;if Nghd;w ehLfspYk; igut

topghL rpwg;ghf eilngw;W tUfpwJ.

jPngj;jpy; cs;s ngsj;j E}y;fspy; vz;gj;J ehd;F tifahd

igutj;jpUTUtq;fSk;> topghl;L KiwfSk; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. rkzrka E}y;fspy;

njhz;Z}w;whW tifahd igutupd; jpUf;Nfhyq;fs; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gf;fs; cz;L.

fhrpapy; Mjprq;fuUf;F gpukQhdk; mUspaNfhyk; igutj; jpUf;NfhykhFk;.

ve;j Xu; capnud;whYk; jdf;F Mgj;J te;jhy;

jkf;Nfw;gl;l Jd;gq;fisf; $wpr; rptngUkhid

tzq;fpdhy;> rptngUkhd; mtu;fsJ Jd;gq;fisg;

Nghf;fp mUsspf;Fk; jpUj;Njhw;wNk MgNjhj;jhuz

%u;j;jkhFk;.

xt;nthUtUk; tpUk;Gk; tz;zk; mtu;fspd;

Jd;gq;fis ePf;fp ,d;gkspg;gjw;fhf khdplu;fs; Nghy

cUkhwpr; rl;il mzpe;J ,uz;L jpUf;iffNshLk;

cupa Neuk; te;J cjTthu;. fu;ktpidfSf;Ff;

fhl;gl;ltu;fs; Jd;gq;fspy; ,Ue;J tpLgl KbahJ jtpf;Fk; Ntisfspy;

,iwtidj; njhOjhy; mtu; re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Nfw;wthW gy;NtWgl;l jpUTUtq;fis

vLj;J te;J Jd;gq;fisf; fisthu;. capu;fs; Jd;gg;gLk; NghJ jkJ Jauq;fisr;

39. Kdptu;fspd; ,lu;fise;j tbtk; (MgNjhj;jhuz %u;j;jp)


rptngUkhdplk; $wp tzq;f mtu;fspd; Jd;gq;fisg; Nghf;Ftjw;fhf tzq;fr;

rptngUkhd; vOe;jUSk; jpUf;NfhyNk ‘MgNjhj;jhuz %u;j;jk;’ MFk;.

Je;J}gp vd;w nfhba muf;fdpd;

kfdhd Kz;lhRud; ,sikf;

fhyj;jpypUe;J rptngUkhid Nehf;fp kio>

gdp> ntapy; vd;gijf; ftdpf;fhJ

fLe;jtk; nra;jhd;. mtd; ePupd; mbapYk;>

gQ;rhf;fpdp kPJk; epd;W jdJ

Ik;Gyd;fisAk; mlf;fpj; jtk; nra;jhd;.

mjdhy; kfpo;e;j rptngUkhd;

,lgthfdj;jpy; cikNahL mtNdjpNu Njhd;wp> “Kz;lhRuh> cdJ jtj;ij

nkr;rpNdd;. cdf;F Ntz;ba tuq;fisf; Nfs;” vd;whu;.

mijf;Nfl;L kpf;f kfpo;r;rpaile;j Kz;lhRud;> rptngUkhid tzq;fp>

“vk;ngUkhNd> jq;fisj; jtpu Ntnwe;jj; Njtu;fNsh> mRuu;fNsh> kdpju;fNsh

vd;idf; nfhy;yf; $lhJ” vd;W Nfl;lhd;. rptngUkhd; mtd; Nfl;l tuj;ij

mUspr; nrd;whu;.

ngUk; gyj;ijg; ngw;w Kz;lhRud; Kjypy; muru;fisAk;> mRuu;fisAk;

ntd;whd;. gpd; Njtu;fisAk; ntd;whd;. ,jdhy; Njtu;fspd; jiytdhd ,e;jpud;

rj;jpaNyhfk; nrd;W ehd;Kfdplk; milf;fykhdhd;.

,ij mwpe;j Kz;lhRud; rj;jpaNyhfk; nrd;W ehd;KfDld; Nghu; nra;jhd;.

ntFfhyk; ,UtUkpilNa Nghu; eilngw;wJ. Nghupy; Kz;lhRuid ehd;Kfdhy;

nty;y Kbatpy;iy. mjdhy; rptngUkhid epidj;J kpf;f tUj;jj;Jld;

tzq;fpdhd;. mtdJ fz;fshy; fz;zPu; gha;e;jJ.

rptngUkhd; ehd;Kfdpd; Ntjidiaj; jPu;f;fj; jpUTsk; nfhz;L> jd;dplkpUe;J

Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l tLf %u;j;jpia mioj;J> “Kz;lhRuid mopj;Jj; Njtu;fspd;

Jd;gq;fisg; Nghf;F” vd;W fl;lisapl> tLf %u;j;jp Nghu;f;fsj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W

Kz;lhRuidf; nfhd;whu;. ehd;KfDk;> ,e;jpuDk;> Njtu;fSk; tLf%u;j;jpia tho;j;jp

tzq;fpdu;. Kz;lhRuid mopj;j jpUTUtNk ‘tLf%u;j;jp’ tbtkhFk;.

40. Kz;lhRuid mopj;j tbtk; (tLf%u;j;jp)


MjpAk; me;jKk; ,y;yhj mUl;ngUk; Nrhjp

tbtpdhd rptngUkhd; vy;yh cyifAk;> vy;yh

capu;fisAk; gilj;Jf; fhj;J mUsp kiwj;J>

mopj;J tUfpwhu;. ,t;ite;njhopy;fisAk; mtu; gy

tbtq;fs; vLj;Jr; nra;J tUfpwhu;. rptngUkhdhy;

gilf;fg;gl;l mz;lq;fis Copf;fhyj;jpy;

kiyfspYk; ghu;f;fg; gy klq;F caukhf nts;sk;

Njhd;wpaJ. mjdhy; mz;lq;fspy; tho;e;j Njtu;fs;

cl;gl midj;J capu;fSk; mope;jd. mz;lq;fs;

,Uspy; %o;fpd midj;Jk; mope;jNghJ gpuztk;

Njhzp tbthfp epw;fr; rptngUkhDk; cikak;ikAk;

mj;Njhzpf;Fs; ,Uj;jdu;. cyifr; #o;e;jpUe;j NgupUs; rptngUkhdpd; Nkdpapy;

,Ue;J ntspg;gl;l Ngnuhspapd; fhuzkhf ePq;fpaJ. mjdhy; mz;lq;fs;

xspkakhapd. Njhzpapy; tPw;wpUe;j rptngUkhid mwf;flTshfpa tUzd; fz;L

tzq;fp mu;r;rpj;jhd;. rptngUkhd; mtDf;F mUs;Gupe;Jtpl;L Kd;GNghy kPz;Lk;

cyifg; gilj;jhu;. gpd; capu;fisAk;> nja;tq;fisAk; gilj;J mtutu; gjtpapy;

mku;j;jptpl;L mk;ikahUld; Njhzpapy; mku;e;jpUe;jhu;.

Copf;fhyj;jpy; capu;fSf;Fz;lhd Jd;gq;fis ePf;fp capu;fisf; fhj;J

mUspaikahy; rptngUkhDf;F ‘N`j;jpughyf%u;j;jp’ vd;w ngau; cz;lhdJ.

Njtu;fSk; mRuu;fSk; vd;Wk; tpNuhjpfshfNt

,Ue;J te;jdu;. mbf;fb ,UrhuhUk; Mzt kpFjpahy;

Nghu; nra;J Jd;gg;gl;Lf; nfhz;NlapUe;jdu;. xU rkak;

Njtu;fs; typikAilatu;fshtu;. ,d;ndhU rkak; mRuu;

typikAilatu;fs; Mthu;fs;. xUKiw Njtu;fs; Nghupy;

mRuiu ntd;W mtu;fis mbikfshf;fpdu;. ,jdhy;

Ntjidg;gl;l mRuu;fs; jkJ Fyf;FUthd

Rf;fpuhr;rhupahuplk; nrd;W Njtu;fs; nra;Ak;

41. Copf;fhyj;jpy; cyiff; fhj;jUspa tbtk; (N`j;jpughyf %u;j;jp

42. tPugj;jpu tbtk;


Jd;gq;fisf; $wp Ntjidg;gl;lNghJ Rf;fpuhr;rhupahu; mRuu;fisg; ghu;j;J>

“ftiyg;glhjPu;fs; Njtu;fis mopf;ff; $ba xUtid ehd; Njhw;Wtpf;fpNwd;” vd;W

$wp tPukhu;j;jhz;ld; vd;w mRuid cUthf;fp mtd; guhf;fpukq;fs; gytw;iwAk;

ngwg; gpukNjtiu Fwpj;J jtk; nra;AkhW mDg;gpdhu;.

tpukhu;j;jhz;ldpd; cf;fpukhd jtj;jhy; Njhd;wpa mf;fpdp NjtNyhfj;jpw;Fr;

nrd;W Njtu;fisj; jhf;fpaJ. mijf; fz;L mQ;rpa Njtu;fs; gpukNjtdplk; nrd;W

jk;ikf; fhg;ghw;WkhW Ntz;bdu;. gpukNjtu; mtu;fSf;FjTtjw;fhf tPukhu;j;jhz;ld;

jtk; nra;Ak; ,lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whu;. mq;F tPukhu;j;jhz;ld; mf;fpdpf;Fs;f;

fhzg;gl;lhd;. mtdJ cly; nkype;J vYk;GUthf ,Ue;jJ. mijf;fz;L ,uq;fpa

gpukd; jdJ fkz;lyj;jpy; ,Ue;j ePiuf; ifapy; vLj;Jj; njspj;jhu;. mjdhy;

tPukhu;j;jhz;ldpd; cly; gioa epiyf;Fj; jpUk;gpaJ.

mtdJ jtj;jhy; kfpo;e;j gpukNjtu;> “tPukhu;j;jhz;lh> cd;idg; Nghy;

,Jtiu ahUk; jtk; nra;atpy;iy. mjdhy; kpf;f kfpo;tile;Njd;. cdf;F

tpUk;gpaijf; Nfs;” vd;whu;. mjw;F tPukhu;j;jhz;ld;> “vk;ngUkhNd> %d;W

cyfq;fspy; cs;s vtUk; vd;id nty;yf;$lhJ. %d;W cyifAk; ehNd

MsNtz;Lk;” vd;W Nfl;lhd;. gpukNjtu; mt; tuq;fisf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L kiwe;jhu;.

gpukNjtu; mspj;j tuj;jpd; kfpikahy; tPukhu;j;jhz;ld; %TyifAk;

ifg;gw;wpdhd;. Njtu;fisf; nfhLikg;gLj;jpdhd;. Njtkfspiu mbikfshf;fpdhd;.

Kdptu;fs; nra;Ak; ahfq;fis mopj;jhd;.

Njtu;fs;> mRuu;fis mopf;fj;jpl;l jPl;Lfpwhu;fs; vd;gij ehujKdptu;

thapyhf mwpe;j tPukhj;jhz;ld; Njtu;fisj; Juj;jpj;Juj;jpj;jhf;fj; Njtu;fs;

nra;tjwpahJ ee;jpNjtuplk; mDkjpngw;Wr; rptngUkhdplk; nrd;W Kiwapl;ldu;.

Njtu;fspd; Jauq;fisg; Nghf;f epidj;j rptngUkhd;> tPugj;jpuiu mioj;J>

“Njtu;fspd; Jaiug; Nghf;Ftjw;fhf tPukhu;j;jhz;lid mopj;Jtpl;Lth” vd;whu;.

rptngUkhdpd; fl;lisg;gb tPugj;jpuu; gilfSld; nrd;W tPukhu;j;jhz;lDld;

Nghu; nra;jhu;. tPukhu;j;jhz;ld; gytpjkhd kha cUf;fis vLj;J tPugj;jpuUld;

fLikahfg; Nghu; Gupe;jhd;. tPugj;jpuu; mtdJ khaj;Njhw;wq;fisnay;yhk; mopj;J

,Wjpapy; tPukhu;j;jhz;lidAk; nfhd;whu;. Njtu;fspd; Jauq;fisj; jPu;j;J>

mtu;fSf;F ,d;gkhd tho;tspf;fTk;> tPukhu;j;jhz;ldpd; nfhLikfis mlf;fTk;

rptngUkhd; vLj;j NfhyNk> ‘tPugj;jpu%u;j;jp’ahFk;.


rptngUkhdpd; mUshy; gy mupa

tuq;fisg; ngw;w rj;jje;J vd;gtd;

tuj;jpd; kfpikahy; gytpjkhd

NgWfisAk; ngw;W Mlk;gukhfTk;>

Mztj;JlDk; tho;e;J te;jhd;.

rptdUshy;jhd; mitnay;yhk; jdf;Ff;

fpilj;jd vd;gij kwe;J rptngUkhid

tpyf;fp tpl;L gpukd; Kjypa Njtu;fis

mioj;J ahfj;ij elj;jj; jPu;khdpj;jhd;. ,e;jpud;> ehd;Kfd; Kjypa Njtu;fSk;>

Kdptu;fSk; mtdplk; nrd;W Kd;G jf;fd; rptngUkhid kjpahJ ahfk;

elj;jpaikahy; mtd;gl;l Jd;gq;fis vLj;Jf; $wpr; rptngUkhidf; fl;lhak;

miof;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tw;GWj;jpdu;.

,tu;fs; vdf;F mwpTiu $wyhkh? vd;W Mztq;nfhz;l rj;jje;J kpFe;j

Nfhgq;nfhz;L Gj;jpkjp $wpatu;fisj; jz;bj;jhd;. jz;lizfSf;Fg; gae;J

Njtu;fSk;> Kdptu;fSk; Ntz;lh ntWg;ghf ahfk; nra;aj; njhlq;fpdu;.

rj;jje;J rptngUkhid miof;fhJ ahfk; nra;tij mwpe;j ehuju;

ifahyj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W> “kfhNjth> jq;fis miof;fhky; rj;jje;J xUngUk; ahfk;

nra;fpwhd;. Njtu;fs; midtUk; Kdptu;fSk; mjpy; fye;Js;sdu;” vd;W $wptpl;Lg;

Gwg;gl;lhu;.

clNd rptngUkhd; kz;lyj;ijj; NjuhfTk;> cyfj;ijr; rf;fukhfTk;>

mf;fpdpgfthid tpy;yhfTk;> re;jpuid ehzhfTk;> tUzidg; ghzkhfTk;

tbtikj;jhu;. KUfidj; Nju;r;rhujpahfTk; nfhz;L NghUf;fhz Maj;jq;fisr;

nra;Jtpl;L tPugj;jpuid mioj;J> “eP nrd;W me;jf; nfhbatdhd rj;jje;Jitf;

nfhd;W ahfj;ij mopj;Jtpl;L th” vd;W fl;lisapl;lhu;.

clNd tPugj;jpud; mNfhu tbtj;ij vLj;Jg; G+jNridfSld; KUfg;ngUkhd;

Nju;r;rhujpahf ,Ue;J Njiu Xl;l mjpy; ahf rhiyia mile;jhu;. mtiuf; fz;l

rj;jje;J fLQ;rpzq; nfhz;L Nghu; nra;a te;jhd;. tPugj;jpuu; jdJ mNfhu

43. rj;jje;Jit mopj;j tbtk; (mNfhu mj;jpu %u;j;jp)


mj;jpuj;ij Vtp rj;jje;Jitf; nfhd;whu;. mg;Nghupy; Njtu;fs; gyu; ,we;jdu;. ,we;j

Njtu;fspd; kidtpkhu; ifyhaj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W jkJ epiyiaf; $wpr; rptngUkhid

tzq;f rptngUkhd; ,we;j Njtu;fis capu;g;gpj;jhu;. Njtkfspu; ed;wpAld;

rptngUkhid tzq;fpdu;. mNfhu m];jpuj;jpdhy; tPugj;jpuu; rj;jje;Jit

mopj;jikahy; rptngUkhDf;F> ‘mNfhure;jpu %u;j;jp’ vd;w jpUg;ngau; cz;lhdJ.

rptngUkhd; jdf;F kUkfdhf

tuNtz;Lk; vd;W epidj;Jj; jf;fd;

rptngUkhidf; Fwpj;Jf; fLe;jtk;

nra;jhd;. rptngUkhd; mtdJ jtj;jpd;

rpwg;gpidf; fz;L kfpo;e;J jdJ

kidtpahd ckhNjtpahiuj; jhl;rhazp

vd;w ngaupy; jf;fSf;F kfshfr;

nra;jhu;. mjd;gpd; jhl;rhazpia

Kiwg;gb rptngUkhd; kze;J nfhz;lhu;. mjd;gpd; jf;fd; rptngUkhd; jdJ

kUkfd; vd;W vz;zp mtiu kjpf;fhky; ,Ue;jhd;. jpUkzk; Kbe;jJk; rptngUkhd;

jhl;rhazpia mioj;Jf; nfhz;L ifyhaj;jpw;Fr; nrd;Wtpl;lhu;.

khkdhu; vd;w kupahij ,y;yhky; rptngUkhd; ele;J nfhs;fpwhu; vd;W

epidj;J Mj;jpug;gl;l jf;fd; rptngUkhid ,foj; njhlq;fpdhd;. mg;NghJ

Njtu;fspd; jiytdhd ,e;jpud; jf;fdplk; te;J> “eP ,t;thW cyf Kjy;tiu

,fo;tJ ey;yjy;y. rptngUkhidg; gifj;Jf;nfhz;L cyfpy; ahUk; epk;kjpahf

tho KbahJ. mjdhy; cdJ kUkfDlDk; kfSlDk; md;ghfr; Ngrp cdJ

fUkq;fisr; nra;” vd;wdu;. mij Vw;w jf;fd; kfisAk; kUkfidAk; re;jpj;Jg;

Ngrf; ifyhaj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whd;.

ifahyj;jpy; ee;jpNjtuJ mDkjpapy;yhky; rptngUkhidr; re;jpf;f KbahJ.

jf;fs; kpfTk; Nkhrkhfr; rptngUkhid ,fo;e;jikahy; ee;jpNjtu;> jf;fd;

rptngUkhid re;jpf;f mDkjp nfhLf;ftpy;iy. jdJ kUkfidr; re;jpf;f Vd;

ee;jpNjtiuf; Nfl;ly; Ntz;Lk;. vd;dpy; ghu;f;fg; ngupatuh ee;jpNjtu; vd;w vz;zk;

jf;fdJ kdjpy; gpwe;J tsu;e;jJ. mj;Jld; kfisr; re;jpf;fhJ jpUk;gpaJ

mtDf;Fg; ngUk; mtkhdkhf ,Ue;jJ. mjdhy; kpfTk; Nkhrkhfr; rptepe;jid

nra;Jnfhz;bUe;jhd;.

44. jf;fdJ Nts;sp jfu;j;j jiytd; (‘jl;raf;Q`j %u;j;jp’)


mg;NghJ jf;fdpd; je;ijahd gpukNjtu; ahfk; xd;iwr; rpwg;ghfr; nra;a

tpUk;gpr; rptngUkhdplk; nrd;W nrhy;y> rptngUkhd; kpf;f kfpo;Tld; ahfj;jpw;F

ee;jpNjtiu mDg;gpapUe;jhu;. ahfrhiyf;F te;j jf;fd;> ahfrhiyapy; ee;jpNjtu;

,Ug;gijf; fz;L Nfhgq;nfhz;L je;ijaplk; nrd;W> “ehd; rptngUkhid ahfj;jpw;F

miof;f Ntz;lhk; vd;W $wpa gpd; eP nrd;W ahfk;gw;wpf; $wpajhy; mtu;

ee;jpNjtiu mDg;gpapUf;fpwhu;. ,jw;fhf cdJ jiyiaf; nfha;a Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;

eP vdJ je;ijahf ,Ug;gjhy; tpLfpNwd;. rptDf;F mtpg;ghfj;ijf; nfhLf;ff;

$lhJ. jpUkhy;jhd; rptngUkhid tpl cau;e;jtu;. mjdhy; mtUf;Fj;jhd;

mtpg;ghfj;ijf; nfhLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;” vd;whd;.

“%lNd> rptngUkhid tpl cau;e;jtu; cyfpy; ahUkpy;iy. vdJ jiytid

,fo;e;j cdJ jiy gwpNghfl;Lk;. cd;NdhL Nru;e;j Njtu;fs; #ugJkdhy;

jz;bf;fg;gLtu;” vd;W ee;jpNjtu; rhgkpl;L tpl;L ahfrhiyiatpl;L ntspNawpdhu;.

ee;jpNjtu; ahfrhiyia tpl;L ntspNawpaJk; gpukNjtd; gak; fhuzkhf ahfk;

nra;aj; jLkhwpdhd;. mijf;fz;l jf;fd; gpukNjtiu tpyf;fptpl;Lj; jhd; ahfk;

nra;aj; njhlq;fpdhd;. jdJ fztid mtkjpj;Jtpl;Lj; jdJ je;ij nra;Ak;

Kiwaw;w ahfj;jpy; fye;J nfhs;shJ jhl;rhazp ifyhaj;Jf;Fr; nrd;whs;.

mtw;iw mwpe;j rptngUkhd; tPugj;jpuiuj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhu;. mg;NghJ md;idapd;

rPw;wj;jpy; ,Ue;J Xuhapuk; jiyfSlDk;> <uhapuk; iffSlDk; cf;fpu tbtpy;

fhspNjtp Njhd;wpdhs;. mtis tPugj;jpuUld; nry;YkhW rptngUkhd; gzpj;jhu;.

tPugj;jpuDk;> fhspAk; ahfrhiyf;F te;jNghJ jf;fd; mtu;fis vjpu;j;Jg; Nghu;

nra;jhd;. Nghupy; jf;fdJ jiyia tPugj;jpuu; ntl;bdhu;. mj;Jld; Nts;tpj;

NjtdJ jiyiaAk; nfha;jhu;. gfdpd; fz;fisg; gwpj;jhu;. Njtu;fspd; gw;fis

cilj;jhu;. mf;fpNjtdJ fuj;ij ntl;bdhu;. akdJ fhiyj; Jz;bj;jhu;. re;jpuid

cijj;jhu;. jf;fd; nra;j Nts;tp Kw;whf mopf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ rptngUkhd;

,lgthfdj;jpy; md;idAld; Njhd;wpdhu;. md;id jdJ je;ijapd; Kiwaw;w

nrayhy;jhd; Njtu;fs; ,we;jhu;fs; vd;W $wp mtu;fSf;F capu;g;gpr;ir

nfhLf;FkhW Ntz;l rptngUkhd; mtu;fis capu;g;gpj;jhu;. fhakile;j Njtu;fSk;

Rfg;gl;ldu;. mjd;gpd; jdJ kfid kd;dpf;FkhW gpukNjtu; rptngUkhid

Ntz;bdhu;. jf;fdJ Jz;bf;fg;gl;l jiyiaf; fhzhikahy; Nts;tpapy;

gypaplg;gl;l Xu; Ml;Lf;flhtpd; jiyiag; nghUj;jpj; jf;fidr; rptngUkhd;

capu;g;gpj;jhu;.


capu;j;njOe;j jf;fd; jd;id kd;dpf;FkhW rptngUkhid tzq;fpdhd;.

rptngUkhd; jf;fdJ ahfj;ij mopf;f vLj;j NfhyNk jf;fdJ Nts;tp jfu;j;j

tbtkhFk;. ,t;tuyhw;iwf; fe;jGuhzk;> $u;kGuhzk;> ,ypq;fGuhzk;> thArq;fpij>

fhrpfhz;lk; Kjypa E}y;fs; tpupthff; $Wfpd;wd.

rptngUkhd; vl;L tPur; nray;fisr; nra;Js;shu;. ,tw;wpy; MW nray;fis

mtu; NeubahfTk;> ,uz;L tPur; nray;fisj; jdJ mk;rkhd tPugj;jpuiuf;

nfhz;Lk; epfo;j;jpdhu;. jf;fid tPugj;jpuu; mopj;jgpd; vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; jpUj;jyk;

jpUg;gwpaY}u; rptj;jykhFk;. ,q;Fs;s tPugj;jpuupd; jpUTUtj;;jpd;> jiyapy; mf;fpdp

jpfo;fpwJ. mtuJ vl;Lj; jpUf;fuq;fspYk; ths;> fjhAjk;> #yk;> kO> fghyk;>

Nflak;> kzp> cyf;if Mfpait ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,tuJ fhybapy; jf;fd; tPo;e;J

fplf;fpwhd;> fhuzhfkKk;> = jj;JtepjpAk; tPugj;jpuupd; tPutbtj;ijg; gw;wpf;

$Wfpd;wd. fhuhzhfkk; %d;W fz;fSld;> ehd;F iffSlDk;> rilapy;

mf;fpdpAlDk;> Nfhiug;gw;fSlDk; fk;gPukhff; fhl;rpaspf;Fk; ,tu; kzp> fghyk;>

Njs; khiyfis mzpe;J> ehfj;jhy; G+E}iyAk; mzpe;J> FWfpa fhw;rl;ilAld;

ghJiffisAk; mzpe;jpUg;ghu;. ehd;F iffspYk; fl;fk;> Nflak;> tpy;> mk;G

Mfpad ,Uf;Fk;. NfhuKfj;JlDk; nfhba Nehf;FlDk; ,Uf;Fk; ,tuJ ghu;it

mr;rk; jUtjhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W $WfpwJ.

= jj;Jtepjpapy; ,tu; %d;W fz;fSlDk;> ehd;F iffSlDk;> Nfhukhd

gw;fSlDk; fhl;rpaspf;fpwhu;. ,lf;iffs; ,uz;bYk; tpy;Yk;> fijAk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

tyf;iffs; ,uz;bYk; fj;jpAk;> mk;Gk; cs;sd. fOj;jpy; fghy khiyAk;>

fhy;fspy; kpjpabAk; mzpe;jpUg;ghu;. ,tupd; mUfpy; gj;jpufhap Nfhukhd

Njhw;wj;NjhL ,Ug;ghs;. ,lg;gf;fj;jpy; Ml;Lj;jiyAld; jf;fs; epd;W mtiu

tzq;fpf; nfhz;bUg;ghd;.

rpthyaq;fspy; tPugj;jpuupd; tbtq;fs; NtWgl;Lf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

Kfkz;lyq;fspy; mNfhu tPugj;jpuu;> mf;fpdp tPugj;jpuu; vd;Dk; ,Utifahd

jpUTUtq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. jpUthfPTtur; rpthyaj;jpy; jf;fdJ cly;

Ml;Lj; jiyAld; ,Ug;gJ Nghd;w jpUTUtk; cs;sJ.

fUehlfkhepyj;jpy; tPugj;jpuu; iffspy; tPizAld; ,Uf;fpwhu;. ,t;thW

khWgl;l Nfhyq;fspy; tPugj;jpuuJ jpUTUtk; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.


ghz;ltu;fs; rFzp nra;j #o;r;rpapd;

fhuzkhff; fhl;by; tho;e;J tUk;NghJ

tpahrKdptu; mtu;fisr; re;jpj;J

mtu;fSf;F MWjy; $Wfpwhu;. gpd;

mu;r;Rdid mioj;J> “mu;r;Rdh> eP

rptngUkhidf; Fwpj;Jj; jtk; nra;J

typiktha;e;j mj;jpuq;fisg; ngw;why;jhd;

Nghupy; ntw;wpaila KbAk;” vd;W

$wptpl;Lr; nrd;W tpLfpwhu;.

mijf;Nfl;l mu;r;Rdd; jtf;Nfhyk; G+z;L jUkdplk; Mrpngw;Wf; nfhz;L

nts;spkiyf;Fr; nrd;W cikak;ikahu; juprpj;j rptj;jyj;ij tzq;fptpl;L

mq;fpUe;j Kdptu;fsplk; Mrpngw;W> rptngUkhd; tPw;wpUf;Fk; kiyia mile;jhd;.

mq;Fs;s Xu; ,lj;jpy; jtr;rhiyia mikj;J> jpUePw;iw clnyq;Fk; G+rp>

mf;fkhiy mzpe;J> xUfhypy; epd;W> kw;wf;fhiy kbj;J epw;Fk; fhypd; Nky;

Cd;wp> ,U fuq;fisAk; jiyf;FNky; J}f;fp> kdijr; rptngUkhd; kPJ itj;Jj;

jtk; nra;jhd;.

mu;r;Rddpd; jttypikiag; guPl;rpf;f te;j ,e;jpud;> mtdJ kdepiyia

mwptjw;fhfj; Njt kfspiu mDg;gpitj;jhd;. mtu;fis mu;r;Rdd;

fz;Lnfhs;stpy;iy. mjdhy; mtu;fs; nrd;wgpd; mq;F te;j ,e;jpud; kfpo;e;J

mu;r;Rdid tho;j;jptpl;Lr; nrd;whd;.

mu;r;Rddpd; jtj;jpd; typikia czu;e;j mk;gpif> rptngUkhdplk; nrd;W>

“vk;ngUkhNd> mu;r;Rdd; fLe;jtk; nra;fpwhd;. mtDf;F tukspj;J mUSq;fs;”

vd;W $wpdhs;. mjw;Fr; rptngUkhd;> “Njtp mu;r;RddJ jtj;ijf; Fog;gj;

JupNahjdd; KfhRuid mDg;gpAs;shd;. KfhRud; gd;wp tbtpy; tuTs;shd;. mjw;F

Kd; mtid mopf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;W $wp ee;jpNjtiu mioj;J jhd;

gd;wpNtl;ilahlg; NghtJ gw;wpf; $wp> mjw;fhd Maj;jq;fisr; nra;AkhW

gzpj;Jj;jhu; gpd; NtLt tbtj;ij vLj;jhu;. ckhNjtpahu; Ntl;Ltpr;rp

tbtnkLj;jhu;. Ntjq;fs; ehd;Fk; ehd;F eha;fshf khwpd. KUfd; rpW Foe;ij

tbit vLj;J mtu;fSld; te;jhd;.

45. Ntl;LUtu; (fpuhj %u;j;jp)


mg;NghJ KfhRud; gd;wp tbtk; vLj;J mu;r;Rdidj; jhf;f te;jhd;

mijf;fz;l mu;r;Rdd; mjd;kPJ mk;ig va;jhd;. mNj rkak; NtLtdhf te;j

rptngUkhDk; gd;wp kPJ mk;ig va;jhu;. ,uz;L mk;GfSk; jhf;fg; gd;wp ,we;J

tpl;lJ.

mjdhy; ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ahu; gd;wpiaf; nfhd;wJ vd;w ju;f;fk;

cz;lhdJ. tha;j;ju;f;fk; rz;ilahf khw ,UtUk; ngUk;Nghu; nra;jdu;.

rptngUkhd; mu;r;Rddpd; tpy;ypd; ehizj; jdJ mk;ghy; mWf;ff; Nfhgq;nfhz;l

mu;r;Rdd; ehzWe;j tpy;yhy; rptngUkhDf;F mbj;jhd;. me;j mb %Tyfq;fspYk;

thOk; mj;jidNgupdJk; clypy; gl;lJ. mjd;gpd; mu;r;RdDld; tpisahl

tpUk;gpa rptngUkhd; mtDld; ky;Aj;jk; nra;jhu;. rpwpJ Neuk; fl;bg;Guz;L

ky;Aj;jk; nra;j rptngUkhd;> gpd; mtDf;Ff; fhl;rpnfhLj;jhu;. mu;r;Rdd; jpifj;Jg;

Nghdhd;. gpd; rptngUkhid tzq;fpdhd;. mtdhy; NgrKbatpy;iy. rptngUkhd;

mtid mizj;J> “mu;r;Rdh> JupNahjdd; cd;idf; nfhy;y KfhRuidg; gd;wp

tbtpy; mDg;gpdhd;. mjdhy; jhd; Ntldhf te;Njd;. eP tpUk;gpa tuj;ijf; Nfs;”

vd;whu;.

“guNk];tuh> nfstu;fis mopf;fj;jf;f Xu; MAjj;ijj; je;JjTq;fs;” vd;W

mu;r;Rdd; Nfl;fr; rptngUkhd; typikkpf;f MAjkhd ghRgjj;ij toq;fptpl;L

kiwe;jhu;. KfhRuidf; nfhy;tjw;fhfr; rptngUkhd; Ntldhfr; nrd;wikahy;

mj;jpUtbtj;ij> ‘fpuhj%u;j;jp’ tbtnkd;gu;.

rpthyaq;fspy; Ntl;LUg;gukdpd; jpUTUtk; ehd;F jpUf;fuq;fSld;> tpy;iyAk;>

mk;igAk; nfhz;Lk;> ,uz;L jpUf;iffSld; tpy;iyAk;> mk;igAk; nfhz;Lk;

,UNtW tpjq;fshf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mu;r;Rdd; ghRgjk; ngw;wikiaj; jkpo;ehl;by; ehlfq;fshfTk;>

njUf;$j;Jf;fshfTk; muq;Nfw;wpdu;. ehl;Lg;Gwq;fspy; ,e;epfo;T ghl;lhfTk;

ghlg;gLfpwJ.

,yf;fpaq;fspYk; ,e;epfo;T rpwg;ghff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. fhiuf;fhy;

mk;ikahu;> “tpy; Ntldhfp tpraNdhNlw;w ehs; tpy;Ntldhd tbT’ vd;Wk;> Re;juu;>

‘NtLtdha;r; nrd;w rpttbit’ vd;W Njthuj;jpYk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. rk;ge;ju;

,t;tbit> ‘nfhj;jtu; FoypnahL tpraw;F ey;F Fzkha Ntltpfpu;j;jd;’ vd;Wk;>

ehTffuru;> ‘tpy;yhb epd;w epiy vk;gpuhDf;F mofpaNj’ vd;Dk; Njthuj;jpy;

rpwg;ghfr; nrhy;ypAs;shu;. ,J jtpu Ntlu;fspd; rpwg;Gg; ngau;fshd ‘vapdd;’>


‘fhdtd;’> ‘kwtu; jk; tbT’> ‘Ntld;’> ‘NtlNtlu;’> ‘tpfpu;jdd;’> ‘NtLU’> ‘NtLilf;

Nfhyk;’ Mfpa nrhw;fs; Njthuq;fSs; ,lk;ngw;wik ,t;tbtpd; rpwg;ig

cau;j;Jtjhf cs;sJ.

fk;gu; ,t;tbtpid> ‘ghk;gpd; jUntk;gil ghRgjj;jpndhLk;> Njk;gy;gpiw

nfd;dpitj;jhd;’ (6.18.12) vd;Dk; nrhw;nwhluhy; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wpAs;shu;.

ghujf;fijapy; tpy;ypahu;> “GuhjdhfkNtjfPj Guhz&gnkhopj;J ntq;fpuh

jdhfp tbT nfhz;l” vd;W ,j;jpUTUtj;ij tu;zpf;fpwhu;. ,t;thW ,yf;fpaq;fs;

,j;jpUtbtj;ijg; Nghw;Wfpd;wd.

khzpf;fthrfu; ghz;b ehl;bYs;s

jpUthjT+upy; me;jzu; Fyj;jpy; gpwe;jhu;. ,sk;

tajpNyNa mtu; Ntjq;fs;> cgepljq;fs;>

Mfkq;fs;> nka;fz;lrhj;jpuq;fs;> rptQhdNgjk;

Nghd;w gy;NtW tifahd E}y;fisf; fw;Wg;

ngUk; mwpQuhf tpsq;fpdhu;. mj;Jld;

rptgf;juhfTk; ,Ue;jhu;. mtuJ fy;tpapd;

juj;ijAk;> mwptpd; rpwg;igAk; czu;j;j

ghz;ba ehl;bd; murdhd mupkj;jd ghz;bad;

khzpf;fthrfiu muz;kidf;F mioj;J te;J

mikr;ruhf;fp mtUf;F Ntz;ba rpwg;Gf;fs;

midj;ijAk; nra;jhd;. khzpf;fthrfu;

mikr;ruhfpaJk; ehl;Lkf;fSf;F msg;gupa

Nritfisg; ghz;ba kd;ddpd; cjtpAld;

nra;jhu;. mjdhy; kf;fs; kfpo;e;jdu;. murdpd; Gfo; vd;Wkpy;yhjthW NkNyhq;fpaJ.

Mdhy; ehl; nry;yr; nry;y khzpf;fthrfupd; kdk; rptngUkhidr; ehbr;nrd;W

mtu; kPJ yapj;jJ me;jr; rkak; fPo;f; flw;fiuj;Jiwf;F Fjpiufs; tpw;gidf;fhf

te;jd. kd;dd; ey;y Fjpiufis thq;fptUkhW Njitahd nghd;idAk;>

nghUisAk; khzpf;fthrfuplk; nfhLj;J tPuu;fSld; mDg;gpitj;jhd;.

46. FU tbtk;


khzpf;fthrfUf;F mUs;Gupaj; jpUTsk; nfhz;L rptngUkhd; ee;jpNjtUlDk;

G+jfzq;fSlDk; khdpl cUtk; jhq;fpj; jpUg;ngUe;Jiwf;F te;J FUtbtk; jhq;fp

khztu;fSf;F QhdcgNjrk; nra;Jnfhz;bUe;jhu;. mtiuf; fz;lJk;

khzpf;fthrfupd; kdk; ,aq;f kWj;J. mtupd; kPJ gw;Wf;nfhz;lJ. mjdhy; mtu;

jd;idawpahJ jd;epiy kwe;J FUthf vOe;jUspapUe;J Qhd cgNjrk; nra;Ak;

rptngUkhDf;F mUfpw; nrd;whu;. mtiuf; fz;l rptngUkhd; Ngud;Gkpf;ftuhfp

mtiu mioj;J jPl;ir mspj;J QhNdhgNjrKk; nra;jhu;. mjd;gpd; mtu;

kiwe;Jtpl;lhu;.

mjd;gpd; khzpf;fthrfUf;F cyf epidg;G tutpy;iy. MTilahu; Nfhtpypy;

jq;fpr; rptid epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;. Fwpj;j jpdj;jpy; Fjpiufs; tuhikahy;

ghz;ba kd;dd; tpiuthf Fjpiufis thq;fptUkhW tPuu;fs; %yk; mwptpj;jhd;.

khzpf;fthrfu; mijf; ftdj;jpy; vLf;ftpy;iy. khzpf;fthrfupd; epiyia

kd;dDf;F tPuu;fs; vLj;Jf;$wpdu;. md;W ,uT khzpf;fthrfupd; fdtpy; Njhd;wpa

rptngUkhd;> “Mtzp khj %y el;rj;jpuj;jd;W Fjpiufs; tUk; vd;W kd;dDf;F

mwptp. mj;Jld; eP ghz;b ehl;Lf;Fg; Ngh. Fjpiufis tPuu;fs; nfhz;L tUthu;fs;”

vd;W $wpdhu;. mij khzpf;fthrfu; ghz;ba kd;dDf;F mwptpj;Jtpl;Lf;

Fjpiufis vjpu;ghu;j;jpUe;jhu;.

,iwtd; khzpf;fthrfUf;F QhdcgNjrk; nra;j jpUTUtNk FUtbtkhFk;.

jpUg;ngUe;Jiwia tpl;Lg; ghz;ba

ehl;bw;F te;j khzpf;fthrfu; Fjpiufs;

tUk; vd;W $wptpl;Lj; jdJ tPl;Lf;Fr;

nrd;whu;. mq;F cwtpdu;fs; gyu;

te;jpUe;jdu;. murd; ngUikf;Fupa

ke;jpupg; gjtp nfhLj;Jf;

nfsutpj;Js;shd;. Mdhy; mij

khzpf;fthrfu; czutpy;iy vd;W rpyu;

ftiyg;gl;ldu;. rpyu; Gj;jpkjp

nrhd;dhu;fs;. mit vtw;iwAk; khzpf;fthrfu; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;stpy;iy.

47. FjpiuNaW nry;tu; “mRthUl %u;j;jp”


khzpf;fthrfu; nrhd;d jpdj;jpy; Fjpiufs; tutpy;iy. mtUld; nrd;Nwhu;>

“kd;dh> ePq;fs; nfhLj;j jputpaq;fisnay;yhk; khzpf;fthrfu;

NfhtpypYs;stu;fSf;Fr; nryTnra;J tpl;lhu;. mjdhy; jhd; mtuhy; Fjpiufis

thq;fptu Kbatpy;iy. Fjpiufs; tukhl;lhJ. mjdhy; jFe;j jz;lid toq;Fq;fs;

vd;W $w kd;dd; kpFe;j Nfhgq;nfhz;L khzpf;fthrfiug; gpbj;Jr; rpiwapy;

milj;Jj; Jd;GWj;jpdhd;.

,ij mwpe;j rptngUkhd; ee;jpNjtiuAk;> G+jfzq;fisAk; mioj;Jf; “fhl;by;

cs;s eupfs; midj;ijAk; gpbj;J gupfshf;Fq;fs;” vd;W fl;lisaplg; G+jfzq;fs;

fhl;L eupfisg; gpbj;Jg; gupfshf;fpd. rptngUkhd; jiyikapy; Fjpiufs; ghz;ba

ehl;Lf;F te;J Nru;e;jd. Fjpiufspd; mjpaw;Gjkhd Njhw;wq;fisf; fz;l kd;dd;

mjprapj;Jf; Fjpiufis Xl;b te;j rptngUkhDf;Fk; gy gupRfs; nfhLj;jhd;.

khzpf;fthrfiur; rpiwapy; ,Ue;J tpLtpj;J mtiug; ghuhl;bdhd;.

Fjpiufis yhaj;jpy; nfhz;L nrd;W tpl;l rptngUkhDk;> G+jfzq;fSk;

kiwe;Jtpl;ld. ,uthdJk; Fjpiufs; ahTk; eupfshfp Cisapl;ld. yhaj;jpy;

fl;bepd;w Fjpiufisf; fbj;Jf; Fjwpd. gpd; Xb kiwe;jd. mjdhy; kpf;f

Mj;jpukile;J khzpf;fthrfiuf; ifJ nra;J nfhba Kiwapy; Jd;GWj;jpdhd;.

,jdhy; Nfhgq;nfhz;l rptngUkhd; itif Mw;iwg; ngUfr; nra;jhu;. itifahW

mizfis cilj;Jf; nfhz;L efUf;Fs; GFe;jJ. mjdhy; Mw;wpd; fiuiaf;

fl;Ltjw;F tPl;Lf;F xUtu; fl;lhak; tuNtz;Lk; vd kd;dd; fl;lisapl;lhd;.

mg;NghJ jdpikahf ,Ue;J gpl;L tpw;W thOk; nrk;kdr;nry;tp vd;w %jhl;b>

“vd;idj; jtpu NtWahUk; vdf;F ,y;iy vd;gJ ,iwth cdf;Fj; njupAk;.

Mjyhy; eP jhd; vdf;F cjtNtz;Lk;” vd;W rptngUkhid kdKUfp Ntz;bdhs;.

me;j %jhl;bapd; Ntz;LNfhis Vw;w rptngUkhd; $ypahshf mk; %jhl;baplk;

te;jhu;. mtiuf; fz;l %jhl;b kpfTk; kfpo;e;J> “kfNd> ehd; gpl;L tpw;Wr;

rPtpg;gts;. ,g;NghJ vd;dplk; gzk; ,y;iy. gpl;il mtpj;J tpw;W tpl;Lj;jhd; gzk;

jUNtd;” vd;W $wr; rptngUkhd;> “jhNa> vdf;Ff; $ypahfg; gpl;ilj; je;jhy;

NghJk;” vd;W $wpg; gpl;il thq;fp cz;L tpl;L mq;F eilngWk; Ntiyfis

Ntbf;if ghu;g;gJk;> gLj;J J}q;FtJkhf ,Ue;jhu;.

khiyNeuk; Ntiyiag; ghu;f;f te;j ghz;ba kd;dd; gpl;Ltpf;Fk; %jhl;bapd;

gq;F epug;gg;glhjpUj;jiyf; fz;L Nfhgq;nfhz;L epj;jpiu nra;j rptngUkhDf;Fj;


jd;ifapy; ,Ue;j gpuk;ghy; KJfpy; mbj;jhd;. me;j mb kd;dd; kPJk; cyfpy;

cs;s capu;fs; midj;jpd; KJfpYk; gl;lJ. tpag;gile;j kd;dd; jpUk;gpg;ghu;j;j

NghJ $ypahisf; fhztpy;iy> “thjT+uid tpLjiy nra;a” vd;nwhU mruPjp

thdpy; ,Ue;J xypj;jJ. mjdhy; ,J ,iwtdpd; jpUtpisahly; vd kd;dd;

epidj;jhd;.

khzpf;fthrfUf;fhfr; rptngUkhd; eupfisg; gupfshf;fp jiyikf; Fjpiu

tPudhfg; G+jfzq;fSld; te;j jpUTUtNk> ‘mRthUl%u;j;jp’ jpUTUtkhFk;.

jpUg;ngUe;Jiwapy; cs;s = Nahfhk;gpid clDiw = Mj;kehj Rthkp

Nfhtpypd; gQ;rhl;ru kz;lgj;jpy; J}z; xd;wpy; ,f;fhl;rp rpw;gkhfr;

nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

#ugd;kd; ngUk; typikAila

nfhba muf;fd;. mtd; NjtNyhfj;ijj;

jhf;fp mopj;jNghJ Njtu;fspd;

jiytdhd ,e;jpud; jd; kidtpahd

,e;jpuhzpAld; jg;gpg; G+kpf;F te;J

rPu;fhopapy; cs;s rptd;Nfhtpypy;

jq;fpapUe;J rptid tzq;fpf;

nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mg;NghJ Njtu;fs; rpyu;

te;J ,e;jpuidg; gzpe;J> “jiyth

,t;thW ,Ue;jhy; #ugd;kid mopf;f

KbahJ. mjdhy; ifiyf;Fr; nrd;W

vkJ Jauq;fisg; gw;wpr; rptngUkhDf;F

vLj;JiuAq;fs;. mtu; vk;ikf; fhg;ghu;”

vd;wdu;. mjdhy; ,e;jpud; jdJ

kidtpahd ,e;jpuhzpia mupfu Gj;jpudpd; fhtypy; ,Uf;fr; nra;Jtpl;Lf;

ifiyf;Fr; nrd;whd;> “ifiyapy; rptngUkhd; rdfhjp Kdptu;fSf;F

48. Iuhtjj;jpw;F mUspa tbtk; (f[he;jpf %u;j;jp)


QhNdhgNjrk; nra;fpwhu;. mJ Kbe;jgpd; jhd; mtiur; re;jpf;fyhk;” vd;W

ee;jpNjtu; nrhy;y ,e;jpud; gyfhyk; ifiyapy; jq;fpapUe;jhd;.

,e;epiyapy; #ugd;kdpd; jq;iffshd mrKfp vd;gtSk; Jd;Kfp vd;gtSk;

rPu;fhopapy; cs;s rptj;jyj;jpw;F te;jdu;. mq;Nf> ,Ue;j ,e;jpuhzpapd; mofpy;

kaq;fpa ,UtUk; ,e;jpuhzpiaj; jkJ rNfhjudhd #ugd;kidj; jpUkzk; nra;Ak;

gb tw;GWj;jpdu;. ,e;jpuhzp kWf;f mtu;fs; tYf;fl;lhakhf ,e;jpuhzpiaf;

ftu;e;J nry;y Kad;wdu;. mijf;> fz;l mupfu Gj;jpuupd; jhf;Fjiyr; rkhspf;f

Kbahj mrKfpAk;> Jd;KfpAk; Nghu; nra;tij epWj;jptpl;L ,e;jpuhzpiaj; J}f;fpf;

nfhz;L thdntspA+lhfr; nry;y Kad;wdu;. mg;NghJ mupfuGj;jpud; mrKfpdpaJk;

Jd;KfpapdJk; iffisj; jdJ thshy; ntl;b ,e;jpuhzpia kPl;lhu;.

iffis ,oe;J mOjthW nrd;w rNfhjupfsplkpUe;J ele;jtw;iw mwpe;J

kpf;f Nfhgq;nfhz;l #ugd;kd; gilAld; fpsk;g> mtdJ kfdhd ghZNfhgd;

mtidj; jLj;Jj; jhd; Gwg;gl;lhd;.

gilfSld; te;j ghZNfhgd; G+kpnaq;Fk; NjbAk; ,e;jpuidAk;

,e;jpuhzpiaAk; fhzhjjhy; NjtUyfpw;F te;jhd;. mq;Fk; ,e;jpuidAk;

,e;jpuhzpiaAk; fhztpy;iy. ,e;jpudpd; kfd; rae;jd; Iuhtjk; vd;w ahidapy;

tUtijf; fz;L mtDld; Nghu;nra;a Muk;gpj;jhd;. rae;jdhy;> ghZNfhgDld;

Aj;jk; nra;aKbatpy;iy. ghZNfhgdpd; jhf;Fjyhy; rae;jd; kaf;fkile;jhd;.

mijf;fz;l Iuhtjk; rPw;wk; nfhz;L ghZNfhgidj; jhf;fpaJ. ghZNfhgdJ

Njiu cilj;jJ. mjdhy; mjd; je;jq;fs; ,uz;Lk; cile;jd. mjdhy; mJ

tYtpoe;jJ. mg;NghJ ghZNfhgd; Njtu;fisAk; rae;jidAk; ifJ nra;J jdJ

je;ijaplk; xg;gilj;jhd;.

nfhk;Gfis ,oe;J gytPdg;gl;l Iuhtjk; kpf;f ftiyAld; NjtNyhfj;ij

tpl;L G+kpf;F te;J> jpUntz;fhl;by; ,Uf;Fk; rptj;jyj;jpy; mj;jy %u;j;jpahd

RNtjhuz;NaRtuuJ jpUtbia tzq;fpf; nfhz;L tho;e;J te;jJ. mjdhy; kdk;

kfpo;e;j muthguzu; Iuhtjj;jpd; Kd; Njhd;wp> “cdf;F vd;d tuk; Ntz;Lk;” vd;W

Nfl;lhu;. mjw;F Iuhtjk;> “ngUkhNd> cd;id ve;ehSk; mu;r;rpf;f Ntz;Lk;”

vd;wJ. mijf;Nfl;Lr; rpupj;j muthguzu;> “eP Kd;GNghyj; Njhw;wk; ngw;W

,e;jpuDf;F Cu;jpahtha;” vd;W tho;j;jp kiwe;jhu;.


KUfg;ngUkhd;> #ugd;kid mopj;Jf; fhg;ghw;wpaJk; Iuhtjk; ,e;jpuDld;

NjtNyhfk; nrd;W Kd;GNghy thoj;njhlq;fpaJ. mjdhy; rptngUkhDf;F

‘f[he;jpf %u;j;jp’ vd;w ehkk; cz;lhdJ.

Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy; xU ehs;

,e;jpud; ifahyaj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w

NghJ rptngUkhd; ckhNjtpahUld;

tPw;wpUe;jhu;. ,e;jpud; ,ay;ghfNt

Mztk; kpf;ftd;. Mjdhy; jhd;

jhd; ngupatd; vd;w epidg;Gld;

rptngUkhidf; fhzr; nrd;whd;.

,e;jpudJ Mztj;ij mlf;f

vz;zpa rptngUkhd; thriyf;

fhty; nra;Ak; fhty;fhudhf

cUkhwp epd;whu;. mtid Vwpl;Lg;

ghu;j;j ,e;jpud; gy Nfs;tpfisf; Nfl;lhd; rptngUkhd; gjpy; nrhy;yhikahy;

Nfhgk; nfhz;l ,e;jpud; jdJ tr;rpuhAjj;jhy; rptngUkhidj; jhf;f mJ

nghbg;nghbahf cile;J rpjwpaJ. mjdhy; Nfhgq;nfhz;l rptngUkhd; ,e;jpuidf;

Nfhgj;Jld; ghu;f;f ,e;jpud; epiyikia czu;e;J rptngUkhid tzq;fpj; jdJ

gpioiag; nghWj;jUSkhW ,ue;jhd;. mjdhy; ,e;jpuid kd;dpj;j rptngUkhd;

jdJ Nfhg mdiyf; flypy; tpl;lhu;.

flypy; rptngUkhdhy; tplg;gl;l Nfhg mdy; Foe;ijahf khwp tsu;e;jJ.

ryj;jpy; gpwe;J tsu;j;jikahy; mf; Foe;ijf;Fr; ‘ryd;jud;’ vdg;ngaupl;L tsu;j;J

te;jdu;. thypgg; gUtkile;j rye;jud;> gpUe;ijia kiwe;J rhye;juk; vd;w

ehl;bd; murdhf tho;e;J te;jhd;. mjd;gpd; mtd; NjtNyhfk; nrd;W Njtu;fis

ntw;wp nfhz;lhd;. mtid mlf;fg; gyKiw jpUkhy; Kad;wNghJk; mtuhy;

mtid mlf;f Kbatpy;iy. mjdhy; gae;j ,e;jpud; rye;judhy; jdf;F vg;NghJ

Ntz;LkhdhYk; Mgj;J NeUk; vdg; gae;J ifiyf;Fr; nrd;W mq;F

jq;fpapUe;jhd;. ,jid mwpe;j rye;jud; fapiyf;Fg; gilfSld; Gwg;gl;lhd;. mij

mwpe;j ,e;jpud; rptngUkhdplk; nrd;W jQ;rike;jhd;.

49. rye;jyidj; jbj;j tbtk; (rye;jutj %u;j;jp)


rptngUkhd; mtDf;F MWjy; $wptpl;L xU Kjpatupd; tbtj;ij vLj;J

Kd;Nd nry;y ,e;jpud; mtupd; gpd;dhy; nrd;whd;.

rptngUkhd; eiuj;j KbAk;> Cd;wpa jbAk;> njhq;fpa fkz;lyKk; nfhz;L

js;shbagb ele;J te;jhu;. rye;juidf; fz;l Kjpatuhd rptngUkhd;> “eP ahu;?

,t; topahy; vq;Nf nry;fpwha;?” vd;W Nfl;lhu;.

“ehd; fly; murdpd; kfd; rye;jud;. ehd; rptngUkhDld; Nghu; Gupar;

nry;fpNwd;” vd;whd;. mijf;Nfl;l Kjpatu; rpupj;Jtpl;L> “rptngUkhDld; Nghu;

nra;j mRuu;fs; midtUk; mope;jJ cdf;Fj; njupahjh? tPzhf capiu tpLtij

tpLj;Jj; jpUk;gpg;Ngh” vd;whu;.

“xU nehbg; nghOJ vdJ Mw;wiyg; ghu;j;J tpl;Lr; nrhy;Yq;fs;” vd;W

rye;jud; $w Kjpatu; jdJ fhy; ngUtpuyhy; xU “rf;fuj;ijr; nra;J> ,ijj;

J}f;fp cdJ jiyapy; itj;Jj; jhq;f KbAkh?” vd;W Nfl;lhu;.

rye;jud; mr; rf;fuj;ijj; J}f;f Kad;whd; Kbatpy;iy. vdpDk; rypf;fhJ

ngUKaw;rp nra;J mijj; J}f;fpj; jiyapy; itj;jNghJ mr;rf;fuk; mtdJ

jiyiaj; Jz;bj;jJ. Njtu;fSf;Fg; ngUk; Jd;gq;fisr; nra;j rye;juidr;

rptngUkhd; rf;fuj;jhy; mopj;jikahy; mtUf;F ‘rye;jutj %u;j;jp’ vd;w ehkk;

cz;lhdJ.

tlnkhopapy; vOjg;gl;l rptGuhzKk;> jkpo;nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;l fe;jGuhzKk;

,t; tuyhw;iwr; rpwg;ghff; $Wfpd;wd. mj;Jld; jpUthrfj;jpYk;> gl;bzj; jbfs;

ehd; kzp khiyapYk;> jpUKiwfspYk; rye;jpudJ tjk; gw;wpf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

rye;jutj %u;j;jpapd; gpd; ,U fuq;fspYk; kOTk; khDk; cs;sd. Kd; tyJ

fuj;jpy; rf;fuk; cs;sJ. ,lf;fuj;jpy; fj;jup Kj;jpiu cs;sJ.

Mfkq;fs; ,t;tbidg; gw;wpf; $Wifapy; ,tu; nrk;Nkdpia cilatuhfTk;>

cf;fpukhd %d;W fz;fisf; nfhz;ltuhfTk; ,UiffisAk; nfhz;bUg;ghu;.

mtuJ tyJ fuj;jpy; FilAk;> ,lf;fuj;jpy; fkz;lyKk; ,Uf;Fk;. Fz;lyj;Jld;>


khiy> jz;il> kpjpab Kjypatw;iw mzpe;jpUg;ghu;. ,tUf;f Kd; rye;jud;

if$g;gp tzq;fpf; nfhz;bUg;ghd;. mtdJ iffspd; eLNt Rjaprdr; rf;fuk;

cz;L. miuapNy ths; njhq;Fk; vd;W = jj;Jtepjp vd;w Mfkk; $WfpwJ.

rye;jutj %u;j;jpapd; rpw;gq;fs; kJiu kPdhl;rpak;kd; Nfhtpy; J}z;fspYk;

jpUnka;ak;> = tpy;ypGj;J}u; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; Nfhtpy;fspYk; cs;sd.

rptngUkhd;> gpukd;> jpUkhy;> cUj;jpud;

Mfpa Kk; %u;j;jpfisj; Njhw;Wtpj;Jg;

gilj;jy;> fhj;jy;> mopj;jy; Mfpa

njhopy;fisr; nra;tpf;fpwhu;. capu;fSf;F

mUs;tjw;fhfNt rptngUkhd; Kk;

%u;j;jpfisAk; Njhw;Wtpj;jhu;. rptngUkhdpd;

,jaj;jpy; ,Ue;J cUj;jpuUk;> rptngUkhdpd;

,lg;ghfj;jpy; ,Ue;J gpukhTk;> tyg;ghfj;jpy;

,Ue;J jpUkhYk; Njhd;wpdu;. fz;fspy; ,Ue;J

#upaDk; re;jpuDk;> %f;fpy; ,Ue;J thAitAk;>

fOj;jpy; ,Ue;J fNzriuAk;> ,jaj;jpd; xU

ghfj;jpy; ,Ue;J ];fe;jiuAk;> njhe;jpapypUe;J

,e;jpud;> FNgud;> tUzd;> akd; MfpNahiuAk;> gpuj;aq;fj;jpypUe;J Ik;gJ Nfhb

Njtu;fisAk;> cNuhkq;fspy; ,Ue;J vz;zpf;ifaw;w Kdptu;fisAk;

Njhw;Wtpj;jjhfr; rpthfkq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. ,t;thW rptngUkhdhy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l

midj;Jk; mtuplNkNa xLq;Ffpd;wd. mjdhy; mtuhy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l

midj;ijAk; jhq;Fk; %u;j;jpahf mtu; xw;iwf; fhypy; epw;fpwhu;. mjdhy; mtiu

‘Vfghj jpup %u;j;jp’ vd;W Mfkq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

50. xw;iwj; jpUtbAila Kk;%u;j;jp tbtk; (Vfghj jpup %u;j;jp)


rptngUkhd; gpukd;> jpUkhy;> cUj;jpud; Mfpa

%tiuAk; gilj;J gilj;jy;> fhj;jy;> mopj;jy;

vd;w Kj;njhopy;fisAk; nra;tpf;fpwhu;. mj;Jld;

cyifAk; cyfpy; cs;s capu;fisAk;

gilg;gtu; mtNu. Ng&opf; fhyj;jpy;

rptngUkhdhy; gilf;fg;gl;l midj;Jk; mtUs;

xLq;Fk;. ,e;j xLq;Fjy;> epj;jpak;> iekpj;jpak;>

gpuhfpUjk;> Mj;jpae;jpfk; vd ehd;F tifg;gLk;.

epj;jpak; vd;gJ rptngUkhdhy; gilf;fg;gl;l

capu;fs; mtu;fspd; MAs; Kbe;jgpd; mtUs;

xLq;FtjhFk;.

iekpj;jpak; vd;gJ gpukhtpd; gfw;fhyk; kiwtjhFk;.

gpuhfpUjk; vd;gJ gpukNjtupd; MAs;f;fhyk; Kbe;J cyfk; KOtJk; gpufpUjpapy;

xLq;FtjhFk;.

Mj;jpae;jpfk; vd;gJ capu;fs; jkJ mwpahikia ePf;fp Kj;jpailtjhFk;.

gpukd;> jpUkhy;> cUj;jpud; Mfpa %tUk; rptngUkhDs; xLq;Fk; NghJ>

rptngUkhd; vLj;j jpUtbtNk> ‘jpupghj jpup %u;j;jp’ jpUj;Njhw;wkhFk;. %d;W

tpjkhd njhopy;fisr; nra;j Kk;%u;j;jpfSk; kNf];tuuplj;jpy; xd;whf xLq;Fjiy

‘,yakhjy;’ vdf; $Wtu;.

Vfghjjpup %u;j;jp tbtj;jpy; gpukDk;> jpUkhYk; fhy;fspd;wp rptngUkhDld;

,ize;J nfhs;tu;. ,t;tbtj;jpy; mtu;fspd; xw;iwf; fhy;fSk; Nru;tjhy; %d;W

fhy;fshfpd;wd. mjdhy; ,j;jpUtbtj;ij> ‘jpupghj jpup %u;j;jp’ vd;gu;.

Kj;njhopy;fisAk; nra;Ak; %tUk; rptngUkhdplk; xLq;Ftij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk;

jpUf;NfhyNk jpupghj jpup %u;j;jpapd; jpUf;NfhykhFk;. ,jpy; xU jpUtb

jpUkhYilaJ. kw;wj; jpUtb gpukDilaJ. rptngUkhDld; ,t; ,U jpUtbfSk;

,ize;Js;sd.

51. %d;W jpUtbfis cila Kk; %u;j;jp tbtk; (jpupghj jpup %u;j;jp)


jd;Ds; xLq;fpa cyif kPz;Lk; gilf;f tpUk;gpa rptngUkhd;> xw;iwf;

fhypy; Vfghjuhf tbtnkLj;Jj; jdJ ,jaj;jpypUe;J cUj;jpuiuAk;> jdJ

tyg;ghfj;jpy; ,Ue;J gpukidAk;> jdJ ,lg;ghfj;jpy; ,Ue;J jpUkhiyAk;

Njhw;Wtpj;jhu;. ,t;thW ,ypq;f GuhzKk;> Mjpj;jpa GuhzKk; $Wfpd;wd.

kfhghujk; ,t;tbtj;ijg; gw;wpr; rpwg;ghff; $WfpwJ.

,e;j tbtj;jpy; rptngUkhd; khidAk; kOitAk; Ve;jpagbAk;> tyg;Gwj;jpy;

gpukd; fkz;lyKk;> nrg khiyAlDk; ,Uf;f> ,lg;Gwk; cs;s jpUkhy; rq;F

rf;fuj;Jld; ,Ug;ghu;. rptQhd Nghjk; vd;w irtrpe;jhe;j E}y; ,t;tbtk; gw;wpf;

$WfpwJ.

rq;fhu fhyj;jpy; rptngUkhdhy;

gilf;fg;gl;l midj;Jk; mtUs; xLq;fpa

gpd; mtu; jdpj;J epw;gjdhy;

rptngUkhDf;F> ‘Vfghj %u;j;jp’ vd;w

ngau; Vw;gl;lJ.

“gpukhitAk;> jpUkhiyAk;> cUj;jpuidAk; rptngUkhd; gilj;J> mtu;fis

mtNu ,af;FgtuhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhu;. mj;Jld; mk; Kk; %u;j;jpfs; %tuhfTk; mtNu

,Uf;fpwhu;”. vd;W rptkfhGuhzk; $WfpwJ.

NgUopf; fhyj;jpy; cyfq;fSk;> cyfq;fspy; cs;s midj;J capu;fSk;

rptngUkhDf;Fs; xLq;Ffpd;wd. mit jd;Ds; xLq;Ftjw;fhfNt rptngUkhd;

Vfghj %u;j;jpahf tpsq;Ftjhf Mfkq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

,j;jpUTUtj;jpd; tyJ fuj;jpy; #yKk;> ,lJ fuj;jpy; kOTk;> Kd;

tyf;ifapy; fhf;Fk; Fwpg;Gk;> ,lf;ifapy; mUsy; Fwpg;Gk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,tu;

Gypj;Njhiy mzpe;J> kzpfshy; Md khiyfis mzpe;J> rilapy; re;jpuidAk;

fq;ifiaAk; mzpe;J fhzg;gLfpwhu;. tp\;tfu;k rpw;grhj;jpuk; vd;w E}y; Vfghjj;jpU

%u;j;jpf;Fk; gjpdhW fuq;fs; cz;nld;W nrhy;fpwJ.

52. xw;iwf; fhy; xUtu; (Vfghj %u;j;jp)


fk;gUk; tpy;ypahUk; jkJ fhtpaq;fspy; Vf ghj jpU %u;j;jpapd;

rpwg;Gf;fisf; $wpAs;sdu;.

ke;jukiy rptngUkhidf; Fwpj;J

jtk; nra;jJ. rptngUkhd; mk;kiyapd;

Ntz;LNfhis Vw;W cikak;ikAld;

mq;F nrd;W jq;fpapUe;jhu;. mg;NghJ

mRud; xUtd; gpukNjtid epidj;J gy

tUlfhyk; jtk; nra;jhd;. mtdJ

jtj;jhy; kfpo;e;J gpukNjtu;> “eP tpUk;gpa

tuq;fisf; Nfs;” vd;whu;. mjw;F

mt;tRud; cikak;ikapd; clypy; ,Ue;J

Njhd;Wk; ngz;zpdhy; md;wp>

NtnwtuhYk; vdf;F kuzk; Vw;glf;$lhJ”

vd;W Nfl;lhd;. gpukNjtd; mtd; Nfl;l tuq;fisf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L kiwe;jhu;.

tuq;fisg; ngw;w mRud; mfe;ij nfhz;L NjtUyfk; nrd;W Njtu;fisf;

nfhLikg;gLj;jpdhd;. Njtkfspiu mbikg;gLj;jpdhd;. ,e;jpud; nra;tjwpahJ

fyq;fpj; Njtu;fis mioj;Jf; nfhz;L gpukNjtdplk; nrd;W mRudJ

nfhLikfis tpsf;fpf; $wpdhd;. mtu;fs; kPJ ,uf;fk; nfhz;l gpukNjtd;

mtu;fSf;F MWjy; thu;j;ijfisf; $wptpl;Lf; ifyhaj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W me;j

mRudhy; Njtu;fs;gLk; ,d;diyf; fisAkhW rptngUkhid Ntz;bdhu;.

Njtu;tfSf;F cjt tpUk;gpa rptngUkhd; ckhNjtpia Nehf;fp> “fhspNa>

vd; mUfpy; th” vd;whu;. clNd ckhNjtpahupy; ,Ue;J fupaepwk; nfhz;l fhsp

ntspg;gl;L te;jhs;. mtspd; fupa cUitf; fz;l cikak;ik> “ehjh> vd;id

,t;thW mioj;jikf;fhd fhuzk; vd;d? vdf;F ,t;TUtj;ijg; gpbf;ftpy;iy.

mjdhy; ehd; Kd;gpUe;J nghd;dpwe;ij milar; nra;Aq;fs;” vd;W jOjOj;jhs;.

“Njtp fhuzkpd;wp ehd; ,t;thW nra;Ntdh? cdJ vz;zk;Nghy ahTk;

elf;Fk; rpwpJfhyk; nghWj;jpU” vd;whu; rptngUkhd;.

53. cikf;Fg; nghd;epwk; mspj;j tbtk; (nfsuptug;gpurhj %u;j;jp)


mjd;gpd; ckhNjtpahu; ,kakiyf;Fr; nrd;W mq;F rptypq;fk; xd;iw

mikj;J topgl;L te;jhs;. mRuu;fs; nra;Ak; nfhLikfshy; Jd;gg;gl;l Njtu;fs;

cikak;ik ,kakiyf;F te;j nra;jpiaf; Nfl;L kpfTk; kfpo;e;J ,kakiyf;F

te;J jkJ Jauj;ij vLj;jpak;gpdu;. cikak;ik rptngUkhdpd; mUshy; jdJ

fupaepwj;ij tpyf;f mJ Ju;f;fhNjtpahdJ. Ju;f;fhNjtp gpukd; nfhLj;j rpk;kj;jpy;

Vwp mf;nfhba muf;fd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;Jf;Fr; nrd;W mtidf; nfhd;whs;. mij

mwpe;j Njtu;fs; Ju;f;fhNjtpiaAk;> cikak;ikiaAk;> rptngUkhidAk; Jjpj;jdu;.

nghd;dpwkile;j cikak;ik rptngUkhid kfpo;Tld; tzq;fr; rptngUkhd;

cikak;ikapd; ifiag; gpbj;J jkJ njhilapy; itj;jhu;.

ckhNjtp jdJ fUik epwj;ij ePf;fpg; nghd;epwj;jpUNkdp ngw;Wf; nfsup

vd;w fhuzg; ngaUld; rptngUkhidr; nrd;wilar; rptngUkhd; mtis Vw;Wf;

nfhz;l jpUtbtNk> ‘nfsup tug;gpurhj %u;j;jp’ tbtkhFk;.

%Tyfq;fisAk; ifg;gw;wp

murhz;L te;j Fgd; vd;w kd;dDf;F

cjTtjw;fhfj; jpUkhy; jjPrp vd;w

Kdptiu vjpu;j;Jg; Nghu; nra;jhu;.

mg;NghJ jpUkhy; jdJ rf;fuhAjj;ij

Kdptu; kPJ Vt> mJ Kdptiug; gzpe;J

tpl;Lj; jpUk;gpj; jpUkhyplk; te;jJ.

mijf; fz;l jpUkhy; mr;rkile;J

jd;idg; Nghy xU kha cUtj;ij cz;lhf;fpdhu;. mt;TUtj;ijf; fz;l jjPrp

Kdptu; jdJ fhypd; ngUtpuiy mirf;f vz;zw;w jpUkhy;fs; ntspg;gl;ldu;.

mjdhy; gae;j jpUkhy; jjPrp Kdptiug; gzpe;J tpil ngw;whd;.

Copf;fhyk; Kbe;jgpd; rptngUkhd; kPz;Lk; cyifg; gilj;jNghJ

jpUkhYf;Ff; fhj;jy; njhopiyr; rpwe;jKiwapy; nra;tjw;fhfr; rf;fuhAjj;ij

toq;fpdhu;. mj;Jld; xU fijiaAk; nfhLj;jhu;. mijf; fz;L kfpo;e;j

54. khYf;Fr; rf;fuk; mspj;j rJfu; (rf;u jhd];t&g %u;j;jp)


cikak;ik xU rq;ifAk;> xU jhkiu kyiuAk; cUthf;fp mtw;iwj;

jhq;Ftjw;fhf ,UiffisAk; jpUkhYf;Ff; nfhLj;jhu;. mg;gbr; rptngUkhdplj;jpy;

,Ue;J ngw;w rf;fuk; nraypoe;jikahy; jpUkhy; kpFe;j Ntjidaile;jhu;.

vg;gbahtJ typik kpf;f xU rf;fuj;ijg; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;W epidj;jhu;.

mg;NghJ jpUkhypd; tpUg;gj;ij mwpe;j ,e;jpud;> jpUkhyplk; nrd;W

rptngUkhd; jdJ jpUtbahy; epyj;jpy; nra;j rf;fuk; ,g;nghOJ rptngUkhdplNk

cs;sJ. mjdhy; mtiu Nehf;fpj; jtk; nra;J mr; rf;fuj;ijg; ngWthahf” vd;W

nrhd;dhu;.

mijf; Nfl;l jpUkhy;> ,kakiyf;Fr; nrd;W mq;F xU rptypq;fj;ij

mikj;Jg; ghRgj tpujj;ij Nkw;nfhz;L> ePWG+rp cUj;jpuhf;fk; mzpe;J jpdKk;

Mapuk; jhkiu kyu;fshy; mu;r;rid nra;J te;jhu;.

xUehs; rptngUkhd;> jpUkhypd; rptgf;jpia cyfpw;F czu;j;j vz;zp>

jpUkhy; mu;r;rpg;gjw;fhff; nfhz;L te;j Mapuk; jhkiu kyu;fspy; xd;iw

kiwj;Jtpl;lhu;. ,J njupahJ xt;nthU G+thf vLj;Jr; rpt ehkj;ij cr;rupj;J

mu;r;rid nra;j jpUkhy; ,Wjpahf xU G+f; Fiwj;jpUg;gijf; fz;L jpifj;Jj;

jdJ fz;fspy; xd;iwg; gwpj;J> mijj; jhkiu kynud;W vz;zpr; rptehkj;ijr;

nrhy;yp mu;r;ridia Kbj;jhu;.

jpUkhypd; rptgf;jpiaf; fz;L kfpo;e;j rptngUkhd;> jpUkhypd; Kd;Njhd;wp>

“cdJ mu;r;ridahy; kpf;f kfpo;Tw;Nwd;. mjdhy; cdJ fz;iz cdf;Nf

mspj;Njhk;. ,dp cz;id midtUk; fkyf; fz;zd; vd;Wk; miog;gu;” vd;W

jpUtha; kyu;e;jUspj; jdJ ifapy; ,Ue;j> ‘Rjuprdk;’ vd;w rffuj;ijAk;

nfhLj;jhu;. rptngUkhd; jpUkhYf;Fr; Rjuprdk; vd;w Jf;fhj;ij mspj;jjhy;

mtUf;F ‘rf;ujhd %u;j;jp’ vd;w ngau; cz;lhdJ.

mju;tzNtj cgepljkhd ruNghg epljj;jpYk;> kfhghujj;jpYk;> fhQ;rpg;

Guhzj;jpYk; rptngUkhdplk; jpUkhy; rf;fuk; ngw;w tuyhW cz;L.

rf;fujhd %u;j;jpapd; jpUtbtpy; rptngUkhd; ehd;F iffSld; rlhkFlk;

jdpj;Jf; fhzg;gLfpwhu;. tyJ fhiy klf;fp> ,lJ fhiyj; njhq;ftpl;L rhe;jkhf


mku;e;jpUg;ghu;. ,U fuq;fspy; khDk;> lq;fKk; ,Uf;Fk;. Kd; tyJ fuj;jpy; rf;fuk;

,Uf;fk; rptngUkhdpd; ,lg;gf;fj;jpy; cikak;ik mku;e;jpUf;fpwhs;. tyg;gf;fj;jpy;

ehd;KfDk;. vjpupy; rptngUkhid topgl;Lf; nfhz;L jpUkhy; epw;ghu;. ,t;tikg;G

cj;jufhkpa Mfkj;jpy; cs;sJ.

fhQ;rp ifyhaehju; NfhtpypYk;> kJiu kPdhl;rpak;kd; NfhtpypYk;

,j;jpUTUtk; cs;sJ. jpUtopkpoiyj; jpUj;jyj;jpy; ,j;jpUtbtk; nrg;Gj;

jpUTUtkhf cs;sJ.

jpUf;ifahyaj;jpy; rptngUkhDld;

ckhNjtpahu; tPw;wpUe;jhu;. mg;NghJ ckhNjtpahu;

rptngUkhidg; gzpe;J> “,with> jq;fsJ

cz;ikahd epiyia vdf;F nrhy;ypaUsy;

Ntz;Lk;. jhq;fs; cUtkw;wtu; vd;Wk; gy

cUtq;fisf; nfhz;ltu; vd;Wk; gy tifahd

E}y;fSk; $Wfpd;wd. mjd; cz;ikepiyia

tpsf;Fq;fs;” vd;W Nfl;lhu;.

“mk;ikNa> gpuk;kkhf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ

vdf;F cUtk; ,y;iy. cyfpy; cs;s

capu;fSf;F mUs;GupaNt ehd; gytifahd

cUtq;fis vLf;fpNwd;. mitahTk;

mUs;tbtq;fs;” vd;whu;.

mijf;Nfl;l cikak;ikahu;> “mUs;tbtq;fs; vdf;Fupait” vd;W rpupg;Gld;

$wpdhs;.

mijf;Nfl;l rptnUkhDf;Ff; Nfhgk; te;jJ> “vd;dplNk eP cd; rf;jpiag;

gw;wpg; ngUikahff; $Wfpwha;. vy;yh capu;fsplj;jpYk; ,Ue;J ehNd

nrayhw;WfpNwd;. mt;thW ehd; nrayhw;whJ tpl;Ltpl;lhy; cyfk;

55. cikAld; Nfspf;iffs; Gupe;j tbtk; (nfsupyPyhrkd; tpj %u;j;jp)


nrayw;Wg;Ngha;tpLk;. mij ,g;nghONj nraypy; fhl;LfpNwd;” vd;W $wpg; gpukdJ

rf;jpiaAk; jpUkhyJ rf;jpiaAk; mfw;wpdhu;. mjdhy; mtu;fshy; jkJ

njhopy;fisr; nra;a Kbatpy;iy. cyfk; nraypoe;jpUg;gijf; fz;l cikak;ik>

‘ehd; tpisahl;lhfr; nrhy;yj; jhq;fs; mijj; jtwhfg; Gupe;Jtpl;Bu;fs;. mjw;fhf

kd;dpg;Gf; Nfl;fpNwd;. cyif Kd;G Nghy ,aq;fr; nra;Aq;fs;” vd;whu;.

me;j xU rpy fzq;fs; cyfk; ,aq;fhikahy; Njtu;fs; rptngUkhidr;

re;jpj;J> “ehq;fs; rpwpJ Neuj;jpw;F Kd;G vkJ flikfis kwe;jpUe;Njhk;. mjw;fhf

vk;ik kd;dpAq;fs;” vd;wdu;.

“,e;jr; nraypog;G cq;fshy; Vw;gl;ljy;y. mjw;Ff; fhuzk; cikahths;.

MfNt mjw;fhd jz;lizahf mts; G+kpf;Fr; nrd;W jtk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;”

vd;whu; rptngUkhd;.

mijf;Nfl;L cikak;ik fyq;fpaNghJ> “Njtp fyf;fkilahNj. G+Tyfpy;

jf;fDf;F kfshfj; jhl;rhazp vd;w ngaupy; gpwg;gha;. cupa Neuj;jpy; ehd; te;J

cd;id kzg;Ngd;” vd;W rptngUkhd; $w cikak;ikahu; ftiyAld; Gwg;gl;Lr;

nrd;whu;.

rptngUkhdpd; tpUg;gg; gb cikak;ik aKid ejpf;fiuapy; jhkiu kyupd;

Nky; gr;rpsq; Foe;ijahfj; Njhd;wpdhs;. mtisf; fz;l jf;fDk; mtdJ kidtp

Ntjty;ypAk; mf;Foe;ijia vLj;Jr; nrd;W jhl;rhazp vd;W ngaupl;L md;ghf

tsu;j;jdu;. cupa gUtj;ij mile;jJk; jhl;rhazp rptngUkhid epidj;J jtk;

nra;jhs;. rptngUkhd; xU fpog;gpuhkz tbtnkLj;J te;J> “cd;idj; jpUkzk;

nra;aNt ehd; ,q;F te;Njd;. kWf;fhky; rk;kjpj;JtpL” vd;W mtsJ iffisg;

gpbj;jhu;.

mijf; Nfl;L ntUz;nlOe;j jhl;rhazp> “rptngUkhid kzk; nra;aNt

ehd; jtk; nra;fpNwd;. mjdhy; cdJ nfl;l vz;zj;ij tpl;Ltpl;Lg; Ngha;tpL

,y;yhtpl;lhy; tPuu;fsplk; nrhy;yp cd;idf; ifJ nra;tpg;Ngd;” vd;wNghJ

rptngUkhd; jdJ cz;ikahd tbtj;jpidf; fhl;bdhu;. mjd;gpd; jf;fd; jdJ

kfisr; rptngUkhDf;Fj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhLj;jhd;. jpUkzk; Kbe;jJk;

rptngUkhd; Njtu;fSld; kiwe;J tpl;lhu;. cikak;ik kpFe;j NtjidAld;


kWgbAk; jtk; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhs;. mjd;gpd; rptngUkhd; ,lg thfdj;jpy; te;J

cikak;ikiaf; ifyhaj;jpw;F mioj;Jr; nrd;whu;.

Kjpatuhfr; rptngUkhd; te;J cikak;ikAld; fhjy; nkhopNgrpa

jpUtpisahlNy ‘nfsup yPyhrkd;tpj %u;j;jp’ jpUTUtkhFk;.

Njtu;fSk; mRuu;fSk; ghw;fliyf; file;J

mKjk; vLf;f tpUk;gp gpukNjtuplk; nrd;W jkJ

tpUg;gj;ijf; $w> gpukNjtu; jpUkhYf;F mijr; nrhy;y

jpUkhYk; ghw;fliyf; filtij tpUk;gpdhu;.

ke;jhukiyia kj;jhfTk;> thRfp vd;w ghk;ig

ehzhfTk; nfhz;L mRuu;fSk; Njtu;fSk; ghw;fliyf;

file;jdu;. neLNeuk; Xa;tpd;wpf; file;jikahy;

fisj;J kaf;fkile;j thRfp vd;w ghk;G jdJ

nfhba eQ;irf; ff;fpaJ.

me;j eQ;rhy; cynfq;Fk; ,Us; gutpaJ. mJ rPwpg; gha;e;J nrd;wikahy;

mJ cyif mopj;JtpLk; vdj; Njtu;fSk; mRuu;fSk; mQ;rpdu;. mjdhy;

vy;NyhUk; rptngUkhdplk; nrd;W jk;ikf; fhg;ghw;WkhW Ntz;bdu;. mjdhy;

ghw;flyUNf te;j rptngUkhd; me;j eQ;ir ms;sp tpOq;fpdhu;. mjdhy; gae;j

ckhNjtpahu; jd; jpUf;fuj;jhy; rptngUkhdJ njhz;ilia erpj;J eQ;ir cs;Ns

nry;ytplhky; jLf;f> eQ;R fz;lj;jpy; jq;fpaJ. mjdhy; rptngUkhdJ fz;lk;

ePyepwkhdJ.

mjd;gpd; rptngUkhdpd; Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f kPz;Lk; ghw;fliyf; fila

mjpypUe;J gy nghUl;fs; Njhd;wpd. jpUg;ghw; flypy; Njhd;wpa eQ;rhy; cyfKk;>

capu;fSk; mope;JtpLk; vd;gjw;fhfr; rptngUkhd; eQ;ir cz;likahy;

‘tp\hg`uz %u;j;jp’ vd;w ehkj;ijg; ngw;whu;. thkzGuhzk;> gpukhz;lGuhzk;>

gftjk; Mfpa E}y;fs; rptngUkhd; eQ;Rz;l tuyhw;iwr; rpwg;ghf vOjpAs;sd.

mj;Jld; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspYk; ,t; tuyhW rpwg;ghfg; Ngrg;gl;Ls;sJ.

56. ePyfz;lu; tbtk; (tp\hg`uz %u;j;jp)


rpwg;G kpf;f ePyfz;l tbtpidg; gw;wp ngupaho;thu;> jpUkopiraho;thu;>

jpUkq;ifaho;thu;> G+jj;jho;thu;> ngha;ifaho;thu;> ek;kho;thu; Kjyhd Mo;thu;fs;

rpwg;ghff; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdu;. fk;gu; jdJ fhtpakhd ,uhkhahzj;jpy;>

‘fhu;tplf;fiwAiw fzpr;rp thdtd;’ vd;Wk;> ‘Riw kplw;W mz;zy;’ vd;Wk;>

ePyfz;lj;jpUNkdp gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.

tpy;ypahu; ghujj;jpy;> ‘,Uz;l fz;lj;ij cilatd;’> ‘Myk;

Kw;wpafsj;jad;’> ‘ePyKw;wpUe;j fz;ld;;’ vd;w njhlu;fshy; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $Wfpwhu;.

fhsNkjg; Gytu;> ‘Myq;Fbahid> Myak; cz;lhid’ vd;W Nfypahff; $Wfpwhu;.

ePyfz;lUf;F %d;W fz;fs;> rlhkFlk; jupj;jpUg;ghu;. fuq;fspy; khDk; kOTk;

,Uf;Fk;. xU fuj;jpy; er;Rf;fpz;zKk;> kW fuj;jpy; mUsy; FwpaPLk; ,Uf;Fk;>

clnyq;Fk; mofhd mzpfyd;fis mzpe;jpUf;Fk; ePyfz;lupd; ,lg;Gwj;jpy;

cikak;ikahu;> mtu; eQ;Rz;gijj; jLj;jgb ,Ug;ghu;. fUikepwKilatuhfj;

Njhd;Wk; ghu;tjpapd; ,lJfhy; tise;jpUf;Fk;. ,j;jpUTUtk; epd;w epiyapy;

fhl;rpjUfpwJ.

ePyfz;lupd; ,d;ndhU Njhw;wk; gw;wpAk; rpy E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd. mj;jpUtbtpy;

rptd; kpf;f Nfhgq;nfhz;ltuhfTk;> Nfhiug;gw;fis cilatuhfTk;> Gypj;NjhiyAk;

mofpa Mguzq;fisAk; mzpe;jpUg;ghu;. tyJ ifapy; Kj;jiyr; #yKk;> eQ;Rk;

,Uf;Fk;. ,lJ Gwj;jpy; cs;s ifapy; fghyk; ,Uf;Fk;> ntz;ikahd mtupd;

jpUTUTf;F mUfpy; md;id tPw;wpUg;ghs;. ,t;tbtk; ,lgthfdj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.

,J gw;wpa ,d;ndhU fijAk; cz;L. Njtu;fSk; mRuu;fSk; ghw;fliyf;

file;jNghJ thRfp eQ;irf; ff;f mJ Njtu;fisAk;> mRuu;fisAk; mopg;gjw;fhfj;

Juj;jpaNghJ mtu;fs; rptngUkhidr; ruzile;jdu;. rptngUkhd; mtu;fSf;fhf

,uq;fpj; jdf;fUfpy; ,Ue;j Re;juuplk; me; eQ;ir vLj;J th vd;W $wr; Re;juu;

mt; eQ;ir vLj;Jte;J rptngUkhdplk; nfhLj;jhu;. mijf; fz;l Njtu;fs;> “vk;

ngUkhNd> eQ;ir tpOq;Fq;fs;. Mdhy; mijf; fz;lj;Js;NsNa itj;jpUq;fs;

tpOq;fhjPu;fs;” vd;wdu;. mjd;gb rptngUkhd; mijf; fz;lj;Js; jq;fr; nra;jhu;.

,jdhy; mtuJ fz;lk; ePy epwkhdJ.

jpUePyfz;luJ rpw;gq;fisAk;> Xtpaq;fisAk; jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s

rpthyaq;fspy; fhzyhk;. nrd;idapy; cs;s mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpy; ePyfz;lupd;

gQ;rNyhfj; jpUNkdp cs;sJ. fOFkiy ntl;Lthd; Nfhtpy; tpkhdj;jpYk;> kJiu

kPdhl;rpak;kd; Nfhtpy; J}zpYk; ePyfz;luJ jpUTUtk; cs;sJ.


rptngUkhidj; juprpf;f tpUk;gpa

jpUkhy; jdJ fUl thfdj;jpy; Vwpf;

ifyhaj;jpw;F te;J thrypy; fUlid

epWj;jptpl;L ee;jpNjtuplk; mDkjp

ngw;Wr; rptngUkhidj; juprpf;fr;

nrd;whu;.

rptngUkhidj; juprpf;fr; nrd;w

jpUkhy; ntF Neukhfj; jpUk;gptuhikahy;> fUld; cs;Ns nrd;W jpUkhiy

mioj;J tu vz;zp cs;Ns Gf Kide;jhd;. mij tpUk;ghj ee;jpNjtu;> “eP

cs;Ns nry;y KbahJ. ntspNa fhj;Jf; nfhz;bU” vd;whu;. mjdhy;

Nfhgq;nfhz;l fUld; ee;jpNjtiuj; jhf;fpdhd;. ngUq;Nfhgq; nfhz;l ee;jpNjtu;

tpl;l %r;R fUlidj; jhf;fpaJ. gpd;. mjd; Ntfj;jpy; fUld; mbgl;L ntFJ}uk;

nrd;whd;. ntspNa tpl;l %r;ire ee;jpNjtu; cs;Ns ,Of;ff; fUld; kPz;Lk; jhd;

epd;w ,lj;jpw;F te;J tpOe;jhd;. mjdhy; ngUk; Ntjidg;gl;l fUld; jpUkhiy

epidj;jhd;.

jpUkhiyf; fz;l fUld;> ‘ngUkhNd> ehd; mwpahikahy; ee;jpNjtNuhL

Nfhgpj;Njd;. mijtplr; rptngUkhd; vkf;Fg; ngupatuy;y gpr;irnaLf;Fk; ngUkhid

ehd; kjpf;fkhl;Nld;” vd;W $wptpl;Nld;. ee;jpNjtu; tpLk; %r;R vd;idj;

J}f;fptPRfpwJ. gpd; cs;nsLf;Fk; %r;Rk; J}f;fp NghLfpwJ. vd;dhy; Ntjidiaj;

jhq;fKbatpy;iy” vd;W mOjhd;. mtdJ epiyiaf; fz;L ,uq;fpa jpUkhy;

rptngUkhdplk; ele;jtw;iwf; $wp kd;dpg;Gf; Nfl;lhu;. mjdhy; ,uq;fpa rptngUkhd;>

“eP ee;jpaplk; nrd;W fUlid ehd; tpLtpf;fr; nrhd;djhfr; nrhy;” vd;whu;. mij

Vw;fkWj;j ee;jpNjtu;> “vd; Kd;Nd rptngUkhid ,fo;e;jtidf; nfhy;yhky;

tplkhl;Nld;” vd;W kpFe;j Nfhgj;Jld; $wpdhu;. mijj; jpUkhy; %yk; mwpe;j

rptngUkhd; ee;jpNjtiu mioj;Jf; fUlid tpLtpf;FkhW gzpj;jhu;. rptngUkhdpd;

fl;lisia Vw;W ee;jpNjtu; fUlid tpLtpj;jhu;. mjdhy;> ‘fUlDf;F mUspa

%u;j;jp’ vd;w ehkk; rptngUkhDf;F cz;lhdJ. ,t; tuyhw;iwg; gjpndhuhtJ

jpUKiw rpwg;ghff; $WfpwJ.

57. fUlDf;F mUspa tbtk; (fUlhe;jpf %u;j;jp)


NkUkiyr; rhuypy; gpukDk;>

jpUkhYk;> Kdptu;fSf;Fk;>

Njtu;fSf;Fk; gpuk;k cgNjrk;

nra;Jnfhz;bUe;jdu;. mg;nghOJ

mtu;fspilNa KOKjw; flTs; ahu;

vd;w thjk; vOe;jJ. Mztk;

kpf;ftdhd gpukNjtd; ehd; jhd;

gug;gpukk; vd;whd;. mij kWj;j

jpUkhy; cdJ je;ij ehd;. mjdhy;

ehNd gug;gpukk; vd;whu;. ,jdhy; mtu;fs; ,UtUf;FkpilNa Nghu; vOe;jJ.

,tu;fs; Nghu; nra;tijf; fz;l NtjKk;> gpuztKk; ,U cUtpy; te;J>

“ePq;fs; ahUk; guk; nghUsy;y. ru;t ty;yikAk; nghUe;jpa rptngUkhNd gug;gpukk;.

mjdhy; mtu;jhd; guk;nghUs;” vd;wd. mg;NghJ mtu;fSf;fpilNa xU Nrhjp

Njhd;wpaJ. mjw;Fs;r; rptDk; ckhNjtpahUk; fhl;rpaspj;jdu;. mijf; fz;l

jpUkhy; nka;Azu;Ttug; ngw;W rptngUkhd; jhd; nka;g;nghUnsd czu;e;J mtiu

tzq;fpdhu;. gpukh mr; Nrhjpapy; Njhd;wpa rptngUkhid kjpf;fhJ jdJ eLNt

cs;s rpurpdhy; rptngUkhid ,fo;e;jhd;. mijg; nghUl;gLj;jhJ rptngUkhd;

,Ue;jNghJ> mq;Nf Njhd;wpa igutu; kpf;f Nfhgq;nfhz;L rptngUkhid ,fo;e;J

Ngrpa eLj;jiyiaf; fps;spnawpe;jhu;. gpd; me;jiyiaj; jdJ fuj;jpy; vLj;Jg;

gpukDf;F capu;g;gpr;ir mspj;Jtpl;L> mj;jiyiaf; ifapy; Ve;jpagb Kdptu;fsplk;

nrd;W gpr;ir vLj;jhu;. epiyikia czu;e;J nfhz;l gpukh rptngUkhid

tzq;fpj; jdJ mwpahikiag; Nghf;FkhW Nfl;lhu;> “Ie;J jiyifs cila eP>

,dpNky; ehd;F jiyfSld; ehd;Kfd; vdg; Nghw;wg;gLtha;” vd;W rptngUkhd;

$wpdhu;. jhNd guk;nghUs; vd;W mfe;ij nfhz;l gpukdJ eLj;jiyiaj; jdJ

efj;jhy; Jz;bj;jikahy; rptngUkhDf;F> ‘gpukrpur; Nrj %u;j;jp’ vd;w ehkk;

cz;lhdJ.

rptngUkhdpd; ,g;Nguhw;wiy rk;ge;jUk;> mg;gUk;> Re;juUk; Njthuq;fspy;

Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;J ghbAs;sdu;. jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; rptngUkhdpd; vz; ngUk;

tPur;nray;fspy; ,JTk; xd;W vd;W ghbaNjhL> ,t;tPur; nraiyg; gw;wpj;

Njthuq;fspy; ,Ugj;njhd;gJ ,lq;fspy; rpwg;ghfg; ghbAs;shu;. ,t;tPur; nraiyg;

58. madpd; Mztr; rpukWj;j tbtk; ‘gpukrpur;Nrj %u;j;jp’


gw;wp mg;gu; Kg;gj;ije;J ,lq;fspYk;> Re;juu; Ie;J ,lq;fspYk;> khzpf;fthrf

Rthkpfs; MW ,lq;fspYk; rpwg;gpj;Jg; ghbAs;sdu;.

igutu; vd;why;> ‘Nghu; nra;gtu;’> ‘mr;RWj;Jtu;’> ‘gaq;fukhd Njhw;wj;ij

cilatu;’ vdg; nghUs;gLk;. = jj;Jtepjp> rpy;guj;jdk; vd;w rpw;g E}y;fs; ,tu;

ntz;epwj;jtu; vd;Dk;> ehd;F fuq;fis cilatu; vd;Wk;> mtw;Ws; tyf;fuq;fspy;

tr;rpuKk;> iff;NfhlupAk; nfhz;ltu; vd;Wk;> ,lf;fuq;fspy; gpukdpd; fghyKk;

#yKk; nfhz;ltu; vd;Wk;> RUz;l jiyKbia cilatnud;Wk;> xUGwk;

Gypj;NjhiyAk; kWGwk; kuf;FioiaAk; mzpe;jpUg;gtu; vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wd.

,t;tbtj;ij> ‘gpukrpuf;fz;B];tuu;’ vd;W miog;gu;. ,tuJ mofhd rpw;gk; xd;W

fhQ;rpGuk; ifyhaehju; NfhtpypYs;sJ. ,jpy; ehd;F jiyfSld; gaj;Jld; gpukd;

fhl;rpaspf;fpwhd;.

ghw;fliyr; rptngUkhdpd;

mDkjpAld; ,uz;lhtJ

jlitahf Njtu;fSk;>

mRuu;fSk; file;jdu;. jpUkhy;

Mik tbtk; vLj;J

ke;jhukiyiaj; jhq;fpdhu;.

ghw;fliyf; file;jNghJ

Kjypy; %Njtp mjpypUe;J

Njhd;wpdhs;. mtis

tUzDf;Ff; nfhLj;jdu;. mLj;jjhfj; NjtkUj;Jtdhd jd;te;jpup Njhd;wpdhd;

mtid cyfk; KOtjw;Fk; kUj;Jtdhf ,Uf;Fk;gb gzpj;jdu;. mLj;J

mWgJNfhb Njtkfspu; Njhd;wp NjtNyhfk; nrd;wdu;. mjd; gpwF kJghdk;

Njhd;wpaJ. mij mRuu; Gwf;fzpf;fj; Njtu;fs; cz;L kfpo;e;jdu;. mLj;J cr;ir

rputk; vd;w Fjpiu Njhd;wpaJ. mij ,e;jpuDf;Ff; nfhLj;jdu;. mjd;gpd; te;j

nfsj;Jtkzpiag; gpukh vLj;J mzpe;J nfhz;lhu;. mLj;Jf; fhkNjD vd;w

nja;tg;gRTk;> gQ;r jUf;fSk;> rpe;jhkzp vd;gd Njhd;wpd. gpwF re;jpud;

Njhd;wpdhd;. mjd;gpd; jpUkfs; ntspg;gl;lhs;. mtisj; jpUkhypd;

59. $u;k tbthd jpUkhiy mlf;fpa tbtk; ‘$u;k rk;`u %u;j;jp’


Jiztpahf;fpdu;. ,Wjpahf mKjk; gpwe;jJ. mg;NghJ jpUkhy; Nkhfpdp

tbtnkLj;J mKjj;ijj; Njtu;fSf;F kl;Lk; toq;fpdhu;.

mjidf; fz;l ,U mRuu;fs; Njtiug; Nghy cUkhwp mKjj;ijg; ngw;W

cz;ldu;. ,ijf;fz;l #upad; mtu;fisj; jpUkhYf;Ff; fhl;bf; nfhLf;f> jpUkhy;

mt;tpU mRuu;fspd; jiyfisAk; ntl;b tPo;j;jpdhu;. gpd;G jiy Jz;bf;fg;gl;l

mRuu;fs; mKjk; cz;likahy; ,wthjpUe;J rptid mu;r;rpj;jdu;. mjdhy; mtu;fs;

etf;fpufq;fSs; ,Utuhd uhFTk;> NfJTk; Mfpdu;.

mg;NghJ jpUkhypd; mtjhukhd Mik Mtzq; nfhz;L VO fly;fisAk;

fyf;f> mt;NtO fly;fSk; G+kpia mopg;gjw;fhfg; ngUfp te;jd. mj;Jld;

fz;zpw;gl;l nghUl;fisnay;yhk; mJ tpOq;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. #upadJk; re;jpudJk;

gaj;jhy; cjpf;f kwj;jdu; cyfk; ,Usile;jJ.

elf;Fk; Nfhur; rk;gtq;fisf; fz;L Njtu;fs; gae;jdu;. mtu;fs; ifiyf;Fr;

nrd;W rptngUkhdplk; Kiwapl;ldu;. Njtu;fisAk; mioj;Jf; nfhz;L Mik

ml;lfhrk; GupAk; ,j;Jf;Fr; nrd;w rptngUkhd;> Mikiaj; jdJ #yj;jhy; Fj;jp

tYtpof;fr; nra;Jtpl;L mjd; Nky; Xl;ilf; fow;wpj; jdJ ,Ukhu;gpy; ,Ue;j

gpukdpd; jiykhiyapd; eLNt mzpe;J nfhz;lhu;. mjd;gpd; RaepidT ngw;w

jpUkhy; rptngUkhid tzq;fptpl;Lj; jdJ ,Ug;gplkhd itFe;jj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whu;.

$u;kj;jpd; mfe;ijia mlf;fpa rptngUkhid> ‘$u;k rq;fhu %u;j;jp’ vd;W

miof;fpwhu;fs;. fe;jGuhzKk; fhQ;rpGuhzKk; ,t; tuyhw;iwr; rpwg;ghff;

$Wfpd;wd.

NrhKfhRud; vd;w nfhba

mRud; rptngUkhdplk; ngw;w tuk;

fhuzkhf mfe;ij nfhz;L

%TyifAk; ifg;gw;wp mq;F tho;e;j

kf;fisf; nfhLikg;gLj;jpdhd;. gpd;

rj;jpaNyhfk; nrd;wNghJ gpukNjtd;

mtidf; fz;L mQ;rp eLeLq;fpdhd;.

mtdJ ifapy; Ntjq;fs; ,Ug;gijf;

fz;l NrhkhRud; mtw;iwg; gwpj;Jf;

60. kr;rtbthd jpUkhiy mlf;fpa tbtk; (kr;rrk;`u %u;j;jp)


nfhz;L flypy; Fjpj;jhd;. mjdhy; nra;tjwpahJ jpifj;j ehd;Kfd; jpUkhyplk;

nrd;W ele;jtw;iwf; $wpdhu;.

mijf;Nfl;Lf; Nfhgq;nfhz;l jpUkhy; ngupa kPdhf cUkhwp Ntjq;fisj;

Njbr; nrd;whu;. flssT tbtnkLj;j mk; kPdhy; fly;nghq;fpaJ. rpwpa kPd;fs;

ahTk; ,we;J fhiunahJq;fpd. ngupa kPd;fisAk;> jpkpq;fpyq;fisAk; mJ

tpOq;fpaJ. mjd;gpd; NrhkhRud; ,Ug;gijf; fz;L mtidf; fbj;Jf; Fjwptpl;L

kiwfis kPl;L te;J gpukdplk; xg;gilj;jJ.

NrhkhRudJ clypy; ,Ue;J ntspNawpa ,uj;jk; fliyr; nre;epwkhf;fpaJ.

mjdhy; fliyf; fyf;fpa jpUkhypd; tbtkhd kPd; cf;fpkile;J flypy; nry;Yk;

kuf;fyd;fis mbj;J cilj;jJ. ngUk; ml;lfhrk; nra;jJ.

me;jkPd; ml;lfhrk; nra;tijj; Njtu;fs; rptngUkhdplj;jpy; vLj;Jf;$wp cyf

kf;fisf; fhg;ghw;WkhW Ntz;bdu;. mtw;iwf; Nfl;L kdk; ,uq;fpa rptngUkhd;

tiyQuhf cUkhwp tiyAld; nrd;W mk;kPd; ml;lfhrk; nra;Akplj;jpy; tiyia

tPrpdhu;. mt;tiyf;Fs; kPd; mfg;gl;lJ. mjd; tPupak; KOtijAk; mlf;Ftjw;fhf

mjd; tpopfs; ,uz;ilAk; gwpj;J mtw;iwj; jhd; mzpe;jpUe;j Nkhjpuq;fspw;

gjpj;jhu;. mjdhy; jd;Ra cUtj;ijg; ngw;w jpUkhy; rptngUkhid tzq;fptpl;L

itFe;jk; nrd;whu;. jpUkhypd; nrUf;if mopj;jikahy; rptngUkhid ‘kr;rhup’

vd;Wk;> ‘kr;r rk;`hu %u;j;jp’ vd;Wk; miof;fpwhu;fs;. mju;tzNtjk; kPDUtpy;

ml;lfhrk; nra;j jpUkhiy mlf;fr; rptngUkhd; nfhf;F tbtk; vLj;Jr;

nrd;wjhff; $WfpwJ.

,uzpad; vd;w mRud; ehd;Kfid

Nehf;fpj; jtkpUe;J mupa gy tuq;fisg;

ngw;whd;. mjdhy; Mztk; nfhz;L gue;j

cyifg; gha;Nghyr; RUl;br; nrd;W flYs;

kiwj;J itj;J tpl;lhd;. mijj; Njbf;fz;L

gpbg;gjw;fhfj; jpUkhy; tuhf tbtk; vLj;jhu;.

mt;tbtpy; nrd;w jpUkhy; ,uzpaidf;

61. thuf tbthd jpUkhiy mlf;fpa tbtk; (tuhf rk;`hu %u;j;jp)


nfhd;Wtpl;Lg; G+kpiaf; nfhk;gpd; Edpapy; jhq;fpf; nfhz;L te;J MjpNrldJ

cr;rpapy; itj;jhu;.

G+kpiaf; fhg;ghw;wpajhy; nrUf;Fw;w tuhfk; kiyfis cilj;jJ. capu;fisj;

Jd;GWj;jpaJ. VO Nyhfq;Sf;Fk; nrd;W mq;Fs;stu;fis %u;f;fj;jdkhfj;

jhf;fpaJ. etehfq;fSk;> vz;jpir ehfq;fSk; mijf;fz;L gae;J eLq;fpd.

,tw;iwf; fz;L gae;J eLq;fpa Njtu;fs; rptngUkhdplk; nrd;W Kiwapl;ldu;.

Njtu;fs; $wpatw;iwf; Nfl;l rptngUkhd; mt; tuhfj;ij mlf;Ftjw;fhf

NtLtNtlNkw;Wj; jdJ #yj;jhy; mjd; new;wpiaf; Fj;jpdhu;. mjd; ,U

nfhk;Gfspy; xd;iw cilj;jhu;. mg;NghJ jdJ epiyia czu;e;j gd;wp

rptngUkhid tzq;fpj; jd;id kd;dpf;FkhW Ntz;baJ. mjdhy; mjd;

kw;wf;nfhk;igr; rptngUkhd; cilf;fhJ tpl;lhu;. rptngUkhd; cilj;j nfhk;ig

Mguzkhf mzpAk;gb Njtu;fs; Ntz;l mtu; mij Mguzkhf mzpe;jhu;.

jpUkhypd; tuhf mtjhuj;jpd; ,Wkhg;ig mopj;jikahy; rptngUkhDf;F ‘tuhf

rk;`hu %u;j;jp’ vd;w ehkk; Vw;gl;lJ.

jhUfh tdj;jpy; jtk; nra;j

Kdptu;fs; jtj;jhy; vijAk;

nra;ayhk; mjw;fhfr; rptngUkhid

tzq;fj; Njitapy;iy vd;W

,Wkhe;jpUe;jdu;. mtu;fsJ

kidtpkhu; ngz;fs; fw;Gf;furpfshf

,Ue;jhy;> flTis tzq;fhkNy

vijAk; ngwyhk; vd;W

nrUf;Fw;wpUe;jdu;. mij mlf;fr;

rptngUkhd; epu;thz tbtpduhfTk;> jpUkhy; Nkhfpdp tbtnkLj;Jr; nrd;W

mtu;fsJ nrUf;if mlf;fpdu;.

,jid mwpe;j ckhNjtpahu; ,iwtd; NkhfpdpAUtpy; jpUkhiy mioj;Jr;

nry;yhky; jd;id mioj;Jr; nrd;wpUf;fyhnkd;Wk;> jd;id tpl;L tpl;Lj; jhUfh

tdj;jpy; jpUeldk; Gupe;jJ jtW vd;Wk; epidj;J Cly; nfhz;lhs;. mijg; Nghf;f

62. cikapd; Cliyj; jzpj;j tbtk; (gpuhu;j;jdh %u;j;jp)


epidj;j rptngUkhd; mtspd; mUfpy; te;J md;nghOf> “md;idNa” vd;W

tpopj;Jr; nrhd;dhu;> “vdJ xU rf;jp ehd;F tifahfj; jpfo;fpwJ. mit ePAk;>

jpUkhYk;> fhspAk;> Ju;f;ifAk; vd;W cdf;Fj; njupahjh? mjhtJ kidtpahf

,Uf;Fk; Ntisfspy; ePahfTk;> MZUthf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ jpUkhyhfTk;>

Nfhgq;nfhs;Sk; NghJ fhspahfTk;> Nghu; Kidapy; Ju;f;ifahfTk; tpsq;Ffpwha;.

jpUkhYk; ePAk; Ntwhdtu;fsy;y. ,ijawpe;Jk; mwpahkyh Nfhgq; nfhs;fpwha;?”

vd;W Nkhfdkhfr; rpupj;jhu;.

ckhNjtpahupd; Cly; jzpe;jJ> “NjtNjth> me;j eldj;ij vdf;F

Mbf;fhl;Ljy; Ntz;Lk;” vd;W Nfl;fr; rptngUkhd; mj;jz;lt eldj;ij

Mbf;fhl;bdhu;. cikak;ikapd; Cliyg; Nghf;fr; rptngUkhd; mtisr;

rkhjhdg;gLj;jpa tbtNk> ‘gpuhj;jdh %u;j;jp’ tbtkhFk;.

gpukidg;Nghy ahUk; Mztq;

nfhs;s $lhJ vd;W epidj;j

rptngUkhd; midtuplKk;

,uj;jj;ij vLf;Fk; gb igutUf;Ff;

fl;lisapl;lhu;. igutu;> fhyNtfd;>

rdd;Kfd;> Nrhkfd;> Myfhyd;>

mupgyd; Mfpa fzq;fspd;

jiytu;fSld; nrd;W

Kdptu;fspdJk;> QhdpfspdJk;>

up\pfspdJk; ,uj;jj;ijr; #yj;jhy; Fj;jpf; fghyj;jpy; Nrfupj;jhu;. ,t;thW

,uj;jj;ijf; Fj;jp vLj;Jf; nfhz;L itFe;jj;jpw;F te;jhu;. thapypd;

Kjw;fhtydhd tp\;tNrdd; vd;gtd; iffapy; Nfhjz;lk;> rq;F> fl;fk;> rf;fuk;

jhq;fp igutiu vjpu;j;jhd;. mtidg; igutu; #yj;jhy; Fj;jpr; rha;j;jhu;. gpd;G

jpUkhyplk; te;jhu;. jpUkhy; mtiug; gf;jpAld; tzq;fp tuNtw;W mtu; te;j

fhuzj;ijf; Nfl;lhu;.> “rptngUkhdpd; fl;lisg;gb ckJ ,uj;jj;ij vLf;f

te;Njd;” vd;W $wj; jpUkhy; ,uj;jj;ijf; nfhLj;jhu;.

,uj;jk; mjpf mstpy; ntspNawpajhy; jpUkhy; kaf;fKw;whu;. mijf;fz;l

jpUkfSk;> epykfSk; fyq;fp igutiu tzq;fpdu;. igutu; jpUkhiy kaf;fj;jpy;

,Ue;J tpLtpj;jNghJ> “jpUkhy;> NjtuPu; vdJ thapw; fhtydhd tp\;tNrdDf;F

63. Njtu;fspd; nrUf;if mlf;fpaUspa tbtk; ‘,uj;jgpf`g; gpujhd %u;j;jp’


capu;g;gpr;ir mspf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;W Nfl;L igutiu tzq;fpdhu;. igutu;

tp\;tNrdidr; #yj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,wf;fp capuspj;jhu;. ,jdhy; vy;yh

capu;fsplj;Jk; ,Ue;j mfe;ij mope;jJ. Njtu;fspd; mfe;ijiag; Nghf;fr;

rptngUkhd; vLj;j tbtj;jpw;F> ‘,uj;j gpl;rhg; gpujhd %u;j;jp’ vdg;ngau; Vw;gl;lJ.

gpukNjtd; xUehs; ifiyf;Fr;

nrd;w NghJ KUfg;ngUkhd;

thrypy; epd;whu;. mtiuf;

ftdpf;fhjtu; Nghyg; gpukd; nry;y>

KUfg;ngUkhd; mtiu mioj;J>

“eP ahu;?” vd;W Nfl;lhu;. mjw;Fg;

gpukNjtd;> “ehd; gilj;jw; flTs;”

vd;whu;. mijf; Nfl;l KUfd;>

“vg;gbg; gilj;jy; njhopiyr;

nra;fpwPu;fs;” vd;W Nfl;fg; gpukNjtd;> “Xk; vd;w gpuzt ke;jpuj;ijr; nrhy;ypg;

gilf;fpNwd;” vd;W $wpdhu;. mijf; Nfl;l KUfd;> “me;j gpuzt ke;jpuj;jpd;

nghUisf; $Wk;” vd;W nrhy;yg; gpukNjtd; mijj; njupahJ jLkhw

KUfg;ngUkhd; mtiug; gpbj;Jr; rpiwapy; milj;Jtpl;Lg; gilg;Gj; njhopiyj;

jhNd nra;jhu;. gpukidr; rpiwapy; ,Ue;J kPl;f tpUk;gpa jpUkhy; Njtu;fis

mioj;Jf; nfhz;L ifyhaj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W gpukid KUfd; rpiwg;gpbj;j

tuyhw;iwf; $wp mtiur; rpiwapy; ,Ue;J kPl;FkhW Ntz;bdhu;. rptngUkhd;

ee;jpNjtiu mioj;J KUfdhy; rpiwg;gl;l gpukNjtiu tpLtpf;FkhW gzpj;jhu;.

ee;jpNjtu; KUfdplk; nrd;W mijf; $wpaNghJ KUfg;ngUkhd; gpukNjtiur;

rpiwapypUe;J tpLjiy nra;a kWj;Jtpl;lhu;.

mjdhy; Njtu;fSld; nrd;W KUfg;ngUkhid re;jpj;J gpukNjtid tpLtpj;j

rptngUkhd; KUfidg; ghu;j;J> “KUfh> cdf;Fg; gpuztj;jpd; nghUs; njupAkh?”

vd;W Nfl;lhu;. mjw;F KUfd; vdf;Fj; njupAk; mij ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s

Ntz;Lkhdhy; Kiwg;gb te;J NfSq;fs;” vd;whu;.

64. KUfdplk; gpuztg; nghUisf; Nfl;l tbtk; ‘rp\ ;aght %u;j;jp’


mijf;Nfl;l rptngUkhd; KUfg;ngUkhidf; FUthf Vw;Wg; gpuzt ke;jpuj;jpd;

nghUisf; Nfl;Lj; njupe;J nfhz;lhu;. KUfg;ngUkhd; FUthfTk;> rptngUkhd;

rPldhfTk; ,Ue;J cgNjrk; ngw;w tbtk; jhd;> ‘rp\;a ght %u;j;jp’ tbtkhFk;.

,it jtpu NtW gy tbtq;fisr; rptngUkhd; vLj;jjhf Mfkq;fSk;>

E}y;fSk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. ngupaGuhzk;> rptkfhGuhzk;> gftjk; Nghd;w E}y;fspy;

,t;tbtk; gw;wpr; rpwpjsT Ngrg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jhUfh tdj;jpy; tho;e;j Kdptu;fspdJk; Kdp

gj;jpdpfspdJk; nrUf;if mlf;fpaNghJ Kdptu;fs;

mgprhu Nts;tp nra;a mjpypUe;J gaq;fukhd

Njhw;wj;ij cila xU kjahid Nts;tpj;jPapy;

,Ue;J ntspg;gl;L te;jJ. mij Kdptu;fs;

rptngUkhd; kPJ Vtpdu;. rptngUkhd; xU rpW

Foe;ij tbtnkLj;J ahidf;Fs; GFe;Jtpl;lhu;.

mjdhy; cyfk; ,Uz;L nraypoe;jJ. mk;ik

rptngUkhidf; fhzhJ jtpg;gilar; rptngUkhd;

ahidapd; tapw;iwf; fpopj;Jf; nfhz;L ntspNa

te;jhu;. gpd; mjd; Njhiy cupj;Jj; jdJ Nkdpiag;

Nghu;j;Jf; nfhz;lhu;. mjdhy; mfe;ijia ePq;fpa

Kdptu;fs; rptngUkhid tzq;fpdu;.

,t; tuyhw;iw ,yf;fpaq;fs; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wpAs;sd. Mjp rq;fuu;

rptde;jyfupapYk;> mg;gu; E}w;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Njthuq;fspYk;> jpUQhdrk;ge;ju;

E}w;iwk;gJf;F Nkw;gl;l Njthuq;fspYk;> Re;juu; Ik;gJf;Fk; mjpfkhd

Njthuq;fspYk;> khzpf;fthrfu; gjpide;J ,lq;fspYk; ,t; tuyhw;iwf;

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sd.

ahid cup Nghu;j;j ngk;khdpd; jpUTUt mikg;ig mk;Rkj; Ngjhfk; ,t;thW

$WfpwJ. ,j;jpUTUtk; ehd;F my;yJ vl;Lj; jpUf; iffis cilatu;> ehd;F

iffshf ,Ue;jhy; xU tyf;if ghrj;ijAk;> kw;w tyf;if ahidiag;

gw;wpapUf;Fk;. ,lf;iffs; ,uz;Lk; ahidapd; nfhk;igAk;> NjhiyAk;g;wpapUf;Fk;.

vl;Lj; jpUf;iffs; ,Ug;gpd; tyf;iffspy; %d;wpy; jpup#yk;> jkUfk;> ghrk; vd;gd

ahid cup Nghu;j;j mz;zy; (f[htp tbtk;)


,Uf;Fk;. xU if ahidiag; gw;wpAk;> ,lf;ifapy; xd;wpy; tpRtkaf; Fwpg;Gk;

,Uf;Fk;. kw;wJ ahidiag; gw;wpAk;> Vida ,uz;L iffSk; ahidapd; ,U

je;jq;fisAk;> fghyj;ijAk; gw;wpapUf;Fk;. mtuJ ,lJ fhy; ahidapd; jiyapy;

,Uf;Fk;. tyJ fhy; rw;W tise;jpUf;Fk;. rptngUkhd; mzpe;j kFlj;jpy;

ahidapd; thy; ,Uf;fpwJ. mizj;J mzpfyd;fisAk; mzpe;J fLQ;rptg;G

tz;zj;jpy; rptngUkhd; fhl;rpaspf;fpwhu;.

,j;jpUTUtk; jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s rpthyaq;fspy; fw;fshy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

rpy Myaq;fspy; cNyhfq;fshYk; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

xUKiw ckh NjtpahUk; rptngUkhDk;

fhl;Lf;Fr; nrd;wNghJ mq;fpUe;j xU Rtupy; Mz;

ahidAk;> ngz; ahidAk; $b tpisahLk; rpj;jpuk;

xd;W ,Ue;jJ. mijf; fz;l ckhNjtpahu; jhd;

ngz; ahidahfTk;> rptngUkhd; Mz; ahidahfTk;

khwpr; rpj;jpuj;jpy; cs;sijg; Nghy tpisahl

Ntz;Lk; vd;w epidg;Gz;lhdJ. cikak;ikapd;

tpUg;gj;ij mwpe;j rptngUkhd; Mz; ahidahf

khw> cikak;ik ngz; ahidahf khwp kfpo;Tld;

tpisahbdu;. mg;NghJ ahid Kfj;ijAila

tpehafu; Njhd;wpdhu;. mtiuf;> ‘fzgjp’ vd;W

mioj;Jr; rptngUkhd; fzq;fSf;Fj; jiytdhf;fpdhu;.

mg;NghJ f[KfhRud; vd;w mRud; Njtu;fisj; Jd;GWj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;.

mjdhy; Njtu;fs; fzgjpia tzq;fpj; jkf;F f[KfhRudhy; cz;lhFk;

jPikfis tpsf;fpdu;. fzgjp f[Kfidf; nfhd;wJk; mtd; ngupanjhU

ngUr;rhspahf khwpj; Njtu;fisj; jhf;fj; njhlq;fpdhd;. mij mlf;fpa fzgjp

mijj; jdJ thfdkhf;fp mjd;kPJ Vwp mku;e;J nfhz;lhu;.

,j; jpUTUtk; gw;wp cj;jufhkpa Mfkk; ,t;thW $WfpwJ. ,j;jpUtbT %d;W

fz;fSk;> ehd;F jpUf;fuq;fSlDk;> rlhKb jupj;Jf; fhzg;gLfpwhu;. rptngUkhdpd;

kbapy; mku;e;jpUf;Fk; ,tuJ jiyapy; rptngUkhd; jdJ Kd; tyf;ifia

tpehafUf;F mUspa tbtk; ‘f[Kf mDf;fpuf %u;j;jp’


itj;jpUf;fpwhu;. ,lf;if tujKj;jpiuAld; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Vida ,U fuq;fspYk;

khDk; kOTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. rptngUkhdpd; ,lg;Gwj;jpy; cikak;ik gy;NtW tpjkhd

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