mwcc presentation a.brought july 1 2013 rcra reach to

www.spencerfane.com Kansas City � Omaha � Overland Park � St. Louis � Jefferson City

RCRA’s Reach to Consumer and Retail

Products

2013 MWCC Conference July 1, 2013

WA: 4348847 1

A surprise for retail stores, warehouses, and distribution centers handling

household and consumer products


Overview

l  Retail Store and Warehouse Dynamics l  Storage and Disposal of Product/Wastes (RCRA)

l  Chemical Management (EPCRA and CERCLA); Air Issues (CAA); Water (Stormwater and POTW Discharges)

l  Health and Safety (OSHA); HazMat (DOT)

l  Enforcement – National & EPA Region 7 l  Considerations and Best Practices

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Why the Focus on Retail, Warehousing, and Distribution?

l  Nature of Activities l  Non-traditional manufacturing setting l  Use of contractors and sub-contractors and

responsibility for regulatory issues l  Proactive enforcement

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Retail Store and Warehouse Dynamics

l  Storage of large volume of chemicals and products

l  Difficulties in keeping on top of products and chemicals that are changing constantly

l  Obsolete and slow-moving products

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Retail Store and Warehouse Dynamics

l  Historically lower risk operations than industrial sites or manufacturing

l  Less staff than traditional manufacturing l  Knowledge base l  Operated by third-party vendors l  Segregated locations from company EHS

professional

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Retail Store and Warehouse Dynamics l  Ripe for confusion – different and complex

regulatory regimes, lists, thresholds l  EPA

l  RCRA – “hazardous wastes” l  CERCLA – “hazardous substances” l  EPCRA – “extremely hazardous substances”

“toxic chemicals” and “hazardous chemicals” l  DOT – “hazardous materials” / “dangerous goods” l  OSHA – “hazardous chemicals”

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Contractors and Third-Party Vendors

l  Responsibility l  Contract provisions l  Staffing considerations l  Subcontractors and use of temporary staff l  Oversight

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Is it Product or is it Waste?

l  Returned products l  Damaged products l  Obsolete products l  Off-spec products l  Past shelf-life / efficacy l  Spills / releases (forklift damage, overturned

pallets)

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RCRA Ignitable Wastes (D001)

l  Characteristic – Flash point l  Aerosol cans l  Household goods and

consumer products l  Bathroom and kitchen

cleaners l  Furniture polish l  Carpet cleaners

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RCRA Corrosive Wastes (D002)

l  Characteristic – Corrosive l  Bleach l  Chlorine cleaners and

disinfectants l  Oven cleaners l  Degreasing agents

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RCRA Listed Wastes

l  Discarded commercial chemical products, off-spec, container residues, and spill residues

l  P-Listed: pharmaceutical residues in pill bottles, vials, blister packs, and wrappers

l  U-Listed: pharmaceutical waste

l  F-Listed: Spent solvents and solvent contaminated rags

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Management and Handling of Hazardous Wastes

l  Generator Status l  Infrequent / Periodic Generation

l  Container Storage Areas l  Containers l  Labeling l  Manifesting, Transportation, and Disposal

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And Don’t Forget…

l  Used Fluorescent Lamps l  Forklift batteries (and other

batteries) l  Used oil l  Used hydraulic fluids l  Rags and towels with solvent

(cleaning / housekeeping) l  Cleaning agents and degreasing

solvents 13


Pharmaceutical Waste as Hazardous Waste

l  EPA I.G. Report 2012 “widespread noncompliance in the healthcare industry”

l  P-Listed: coumadin® (warfarin), nicotine patches

l  U-Listed: lindane (lice/scabies treatment) l  Characteristic: (D009 toxic) mercury in

vaccines

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Chemical Storage and Management

l  Emergency Planning Notification l  Release Reporting Notification l  Hazardous Chemical Storage l  Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)

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Warehouse and Chemical Management Clean Air Act Issues

l  Refrigerant leak detection and repair for ozone depleting substances

l  Anhydrous ammonia l  Asbestos – Demolition and renovation

activities

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Stormwater and Water Protection

l  Stormwater Management l  Process wastewaters from warehouse and

distribution center operations l  SPCC Requirements

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Health and Safety

l  Fall protection l  Occupational exposures l  Adequate personal protective equipment l  Material handling and storage l  Lockout/Tagout

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Health and Safety

l  OSHA’s Multi-Employer Citation Policy l  OSHA Warehouse Enforcement

l  Feb. 2012 (Pennsylvania) l  $283,000 penalty

l  May 2012 (Mass. and New Hampshire) l  Corrections required at more than 60 locations l  $400,000 civil penalty

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OSHA Inspections 2011 (FY – 10/1/2010 to 9/30/2011)

Top 10 Most Frequently Cited 1. Scaffolding (construction) 2. Fall protection (construction) 3. HazCom Standard 4. Respiratory Protection 5. Lockout/Tagout 6. Electrical, wiring methods 7. Powered industrial trucks 8. Ladders (construction) 9. Electrical systems design 10. Machine guarding

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Top 10 Most Frequently Cited 1. Scaffolding (construction) 2. Fall protection (construction) 3. HazCom Standard 4. Respiratory Protection 5. Lockout/Tagout 6. Electrical, wiring methods 7. Powered industrial trucks 8. Ladders (construction) 9. Electrical systems design 10. Machine Guarding

Top 10 Highest Penalties 1. Fall protection (construction) 2. Scaffolding (construction) 3. Lockout/Tagout 4. Machine Guarding 5. Ladders (construction) 6. Excavations, requirements 7. Powered industrial trucks 8. General Duty Clause 9. Electrical wiring methods 10. Electrical systems design


DOT HazMat and FAA Transportation

l  HazMat l  “Dangerous Goods” l  Consumer Commodity ORM-D l  Lithium Batteries

l  FAA Enforcement l  K-Mart (2010)

l  Nail polish and aerosol sun block l  $140,000 penalty sought by FAA

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National Enforcement

l  Wal-Mart – EPA (May 2013) - $82 Million l  RCRA – Civil penalty - $6.1 million l  FIFRA – Criminal Misdemeanor - $14 million l  CWA – Criminal Misdemeanor - $60 million

State of California l  Wal-Mart (2010)

l  $24.7 Million (penalty and SEP)

l  Target (2011) l  $22.5 million civil penalty and injunctive relief - 290 stores (Bleach, paints,

pesticides, aerosol cans, oven cleaners, automotive products, batteries, etc.)

l  CVS (2012) l  $13.75 million civil penalty and SEP (pharmacy waste, batteries, fluorescent

lamps, photo-processing waste)

l  Costco (2012)

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EPA Region 7 Enforcement and MDNR Enforcement

l  Wal-Mart (MDNR - Missouri) l  Return of herbicides and pesticides to third-party l  $1.25 million civil penalty and SEP, plus over $3

million in remediation of site l  Retail Store (EPA - Missouri)

l  Abandoned, unclaimed, damaged goods from commercial shipping operation

l  Nearly $100,000 civil penalty l  Warehouse (EPA - Kansas)

l  Breakage and spillage at freight facility l  Over $50,000 civil penalty

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EPA Region 7 Enforcement

l  ChemCentral (Missouri)

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Criminal Enforcement EPA Region 7

l  Wal-Mart (Missouri) 2013 l  Greenleaf LLC (Missouri)

l  Redistribution of consumer product pesticides / herbicides: FIFRA

l  HPI (Missouri) l  Chemical and pesticide

manufacturer: RCRA, CWA, FIFRA

l  Individual criminal plea and Corporate criminal plea

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Considerations and Best Practices

l  Management and Handling of Hazardous Wastes l  Contracting l  Operating Procedures and Protocols l  Training l  Auditing and Compliance Evaluations

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Additional Resources From Environmental Law Solutions l  Improper Disposal of Consumer Products by Retailer

Leads to $82 Million Criminal and Civil Penalty for RCRA, FIFRA, CWA Violations l  http://www.spencerfane.com/environmental_law_solutions/blog.aspx?entry=349

l  EPA to Re-evaluate Regulation of Disposed Consumer and Retail Products as Hazardous Waste Under RCRA l  http://www.spencerfane.com/environmental_law_solutions/blog.aspx?entry=286

l  DOT Evaluating New HazMat Regulations for Reverse Logistics of Retail and Consumer Products l  http://www.spencerfane.com/environmental_law_solutions/blog.aspx?entry=151

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Q&A and Contact Information

Andrew C. Brought Spencer Fane Britt & Browne LLP 1000 Walnut, Suite 1400 Kansas City, Missouri 64113 816-292-8886 [email protected]

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