MUTATION

QUICK REVIEW

Http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZK6YP1Smbxk

DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell

While the copying of DNA is a very accurate process, what happens

when a mistake is made?

Mutation A mutation = change in gene sequence.Most mutations are harmful to survivalSome mutations are beneficial to survival=

adaptation

Harmful Beneficial= adaptation

Whether it’s beneficial or not can depend on

the environment!

Causes of MutationsRandom mistake that isn’t fixedThings in the environment

Radiation (ex: nuclear, from the sun)Chemicals

'Severe abnormalities' found in Fukushima butterflieshttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19245818

1 min break

Types of MutationsSubstitution: Incorrect pairing of 1 nucleotide baseOnly changes one codon so only one amino acid protein is changed

VC: DNA Mutation (up to :52)

Types of MutationsDeletion/ Addition: an entire base is taken away or added

(changes # of rungs)Changes every codon after the mistake so many proteins are changed

VC: DNA Mutation (0:53 to end)

CONNEX: What type was part 2? Part 3?

How does mutations work?DNA is very accurate when making copies of itself,

however, sometimes it makes a mistake.

Here’s a DNA sequenceAGCCCTTATAGGCTCWhat are the corresponding base pairs?TCGGGAATATCCGAGNow when it’s being copied it replaces the T with a U.

Rewrite the your answer with U’s instead of T’s.UCGGGAAUAUCCGAGWhat amino acids will this be coded for?Serine, Glycine, Isoleucine, Serine, Glutamic Acid

The Mutation Here’s our original DNA sequenceAGCCCTTATAGGCTCNow what are the corresponding base pairs?TTGGGAATATCCGAG (we replaced the C with a T)Now when it’s being copied it replaces the T with a

U. Rewrite the your answer with U’s instead of T’s.UUGGGAAUAUCCGAGWhat amino acids will this be coded for?Leucine, Glycine, Isoleucine, Serine, Glutamic Acid You can see how replacing 1 base will change an

amino acid!

What type of mutation was this and why?

Substitution b/c incorrect base pair and only 1 codon changed

Original: TAC GGG GGC

GTAACCACAACTHere is the other side (copy).

1) Find the error:ATG CGC CCG CATTGGTGTTGAATG CGC CCG CATTGGTGTTGA2) Write the new RNA

3) Form the new codons (you can draw lines on RNA code above to separate)4) Translate into the new amino acids

AUG CGC CCG CATTGGTGTTGA

PRACTICE EXAMPLES ON THE HALFSHEET

Original: TAC GGG GGC

GTAACCACAACTHere is the other side (copy).

1) Find the error:ATG CGC CCG CATTGGTGTTGAATG CGC CCG CATTGGTGTTGA2) Write the new RNA

3) Form the new codons (you can draw lines on RNA code above to separate)4) Translate into the new amino acids

AUG CGC CCG CATTGGTGTTGA

Methionine-Arginine-proline- histadine- tryptophan-cysteine-stop

What’s the difference from the original amino acid?Original: GGGCopy (correct): CCCmRNA: CCCAmino acid: Correct: Methionine- proline -proline Mutation: Methionine-Arginine-

proline

histadine-tryptophan-cysteine-stop

B: TAA CGG ATG CCA GATCAAATCHere is the other side. Find the error:

ATG CCT ACG GT CTAGTTTAG

AT_ GCC TAC GGT CTAGTTTAG

PRACTICE EXAMPLES ON THE HALFSHEET

TAA CGG ATG CCA

AT_ GCC TAC GGTATT

What’s the difference from the original amino acid?Original: Copy(correct): mRNA: AUU GCC UAC GGUAmino acid: isoleucine – alanine- tyrosine- glycine methionine-proline –threonine- ???

Correct

Mutation

Gone Series by Michael Grant

Pretties Series by Scott Westerfield