music therapy as a clinical intervention for mental disorders: state of the evidence christian gold,...
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Music therapy as a clinical intervention for mental disorders: State of the evidence
Christian Gold, PhDGAMUT, Uni Research HealthBergen, Norway
Overview
• Some initial thoughts/ideas• Mental health
• Music therapy
• Evidence
• Review of existing evidence• Gaps in the evidence• Outside the scope• The future
What is mental health (and why is it so hard to investigate)?
What is mental health (and why is it so hard to investigate)?
What is mental health (and why is it so hard to investigate)?
What is mental health (and why is it so hard to investigate)?
Borsboom & Cramer 2013 Annu Rev Clin Psychol;Borsboom et al. 2011 PLOS ONE
What is music therapy (and why is it so hard to investigate)?
• Video “Joel”
Wigram 2010 Aalborg University
What is music therapy (and why is it so hard to investigate)?
• a “complex intervention”• music experiences + relationships “that
develop through them”• “what music?” – the wrong question
Campbell et al. 2000 BMJBruscia 1998, 2014 Defining music therapy
What is trustworthy evidence?
What is trustworthy evidence?
Campbell et al. 2000 BMJ
What is trustworthy evidence?
Campbell et al. 2000 BMJ
What is trustworthy evidence?
What is trustworthy evidence?
• “PICO”:• Participants
• Interventions
• Comparisons
• Outcomes
• plus setting, context, ...
• internal vs. external validity
What is trustworthy evidence?
Thorpe et al. 2009 J Clin Epidemiol
Evidence for MT: Depression
Maratos et al. 2008 Cochrane Db Syst Rev
Evidence for MT: Depression
Maratos et al. 2008 Cochrane Db Syst Rev
Evidence for MT: Depression
Erkkilä et al. 2011 BJPsych
Evidence for MT: Depression
Erkkilä et al. 2011 BJPsych
Evidence for MT: Depression
Werner et al. 2015 Aging Ment Health
Evidence for MT: Schizophrenia
Mössler et al. 2011 Cochrane Db Syst Rev
Evidence for MT: Schizophrenia
Mössler et al. 2011 Cochrane Db Syst Rev
Evidence for MT: Autism spectrum
Geretsegger et al. 2014 Cochrane Db Syst Rev
Evidence for MT: Autism spectrum
Geretsegger et al. 2014 Cochrane Db Syst Rev
Evidence for MT: Dementia
Vink et al. 2014 Cochrane Db Syst Rev
Evidence for MT: Dementia
Ridder et al. 2013 Aging Ment Health
Evidence for MT: Mixed MH problems
Gold et al. 2009 Clin Psychol Rev
Evidence for MT: Mixed MH problems
Gold et al. 2009 Clin Psychol Rev
Evidence for MT: Mixed MH problems
Gold et al. 2013 Psychother Psychosom
Evidence for MT: Mixed MH problems
Chen et al. 2015 IJOTCC
The gap: What RCTs leave out
Observational studies
Gold et al. 2007 PAPTRAP
Observational studies
Mössler et al. 2007 Arts Psychother
Qualitative research
Rolvsjord 2015 Nord J Music Ther
Qualitative research
Solli 2015 Nord J Music Ther
Neuroscience
Blood & Zatorre 2001 PNAS
Neuroscience
Lai et al. 2012 Brain
Outside the scope
Hole et al. 2015 Lancet
Outside the scope
Coulton et al. 2015 BJPsych
The future?
