musculoskeletal function and assessment
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from Understanding Medical SurgicalTRANSCRIPT
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Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper
Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Chapter 45
Musculoskeletal Function and Assessment
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Skeletal System Tissues � Bone � Cartilage � Fibrous Connective Tissue (Ligaments)
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Skeletal System Functions � Movement � Protection � Stores Calcium
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Muscular System Tissues � Skeletal Muscle � Fibrous Connective Tissue (Tendons) � Fasciae
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Muscular System Functions � Movement � Heat Production � Returns Blood from Legs
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Bone Tissue � Osteocytes � Calcium Salts � Collagen � Periosteum
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Growth of Bone Osteoblasts Produce Bone Growth and
Repair Bone
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Anterior Full Skeleton
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Structure of Skeleton � 206 Bones � Axial Skeleton
� Skull, Hyoid, Vertebral Column, Rib Cage � Appendicular Skeleton
� Arms/Legs, Shoulder, Pelvic Girdles
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Anterior and Lateral Skull
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Typical Synovial Joint
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Appendicular Skeleton Structure of Synovial Joints
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Major Muscles
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Muscle Structure and Arrangements
� Over 600 Muscles � Anchored to Bones by Tendons � Antagonistic Muscles � Synergistic Muscles
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Role of Nervous System � Skeletal Muscles are Voluntary Muscles � Require Nerve Impulses for Contraction
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Neuromuscular Junction � Termination of Motor Neuron on Muscle
Fiber � Contains Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Neuromuscular Junction (cont’d) � Nerve Impulse Arrives at Terminal
� Release of Acetylcholine across Synaptic Cleft
� Acetylcholine Bonds to Acetylcholine Receptors
� Sarcomere Shortens
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Aging and the
Musculoskeletal System
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Aging and the Musculoskeletal System (cont’d)
� Decreased Muscle Mass/Strength � Decreased Elasticity of Ligaments,
Tendons, Cartilage � Decrease in Intervertebral Space � Changes in Posture and Gait Changes
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Aging and the Musculoskeletal System (cont’d)
� Impaired Mobility � Increased Risk for Falls � Pain
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System
� Subjective Data � History
� Injury � Occupation � Family History � Current Health � Diet History
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System (cont’d)
� Physical Assessment � Inspection, Palpation, Range of Motion
� Psychosocial Assessment � Deformities Affect Body Image
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Diagnostic Tests � Laboratory Tests
� Serum Calcium � Serum Phosphorus � Alkaline Phosphatase � Myoglobin � Muscle Enzymes � Uric Acid
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Diagnostic Tests (cont’d) � X-Rays � Computed Tomography � Dual Energy X-Ray Aborptiometry � Arthrography � Myelogram � Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Copyright © 2011. F.A. Davis Company
Linda S. Williams / Paula D. Hopper Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 4th Edition
Diagnostic Tests (cont’d) � Gallium/Thallium Scan � Arthroscopy � Bone or Muscle Biopsy � Ultrasonography � Arthrocentesis � Electromyography