muscle-physiology in physiology-1 on bio-medical engineering

8/12/2019 Muscle-physiology in Physiology-1 on Bio-medical Engineering

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JPLDJJDC-]NFDGC@Q-FLDG-BKCLN-7 Qdjdgcdg-Juadrdf + @nc-

Juadrdf tk dbb Jusbnjs.


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J @ C N M D B - N J D O @ - U Q K M @ ] ] N G O . A B K O ] U K S . M K J A ^ ] N F D G C @ Q -

F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` 1-KH-35

Y-cnsms (bng`s)9 ............................................................................................................................................ >

D-adgc9 ...................................................................................................................................................... >

N-adgc9 ....................................................................................................................................................... >

L-zkg`9 ...................................................................................................................................................... >

J-bng`9 ....................................................................................................................................................... >

J^K]NG9 .................................................................................................................................................... >

DMSNG9 ..................................................................................................................................................... 45

@BD]SNM-HNBDJ@GS9 ................................................................................................................................. 45

]DQMKUBD]JNM-Q@SNMPBPJ DGC SQDG]X@Q]@-SPAPB@]Vkr S-SPAPB@]Z9................................... 45

]DQMKUBD]JNM-Q@SNMPBPJ9 ................................................................................................................. 45

SQDG]X@Q]@-SPAPB@]Vkr S-SPAPB@]Z9 ............................................................................................... 44

MKGSQDMSNKG-KH-JP]MB@9 ....................................................................................................................... 41

]BNCNGO-HNBDJ@GS-J@MLDGN]J9 .......................................................................................................... 41

QKB@-KH-MDBMNPJ-DGC-Q@OPBDSKQ-UQKS@NG]9 ...................................................................................... 4=

SL@-UK_@Q-]SQKF@-DGC-SL@-QKB@-KH-DSU9 ....................................................................................... 4=

Q@BD\DSNKG9 ........................................................................................................................................... 43

JP]MB@-SKG@9............................................................................................................................................ 40

JP]MB@-J@SDAKBN]J 9 ............................................................................................................................. 40

ULK]ULDO@G-]^]S@J9 .............................................................................................................................. 48

BN]S-KH-HNOPQ@]9 ........................................................................................................................................ 48

JP]MB@-UL^]NKBKO^9

NGSQKCPMSNKG9n. Dbtlkuol akg`s dgc ikngts prkvnc` b`v`rdo` dgc hrkj tl` hrdj`wkrf kh tl` akcy.

nn. Sl`y mdggkt jkv` tl` akcy ay tl`js`bv`s.nnn. Jktnkg r`subts hrkj dbt`rgdtngo mkgtrdmtnkg(slkrt`gngo) dgc r`bdxdtnkg kh jusmb`s, wlnml

mkgstntut` 35 tk 05% kh tktdb akcy w`nolt .

nv. ^kur jusmubdr str`gotl r`hb`mts tl` prnj` hugmtnkg kh jusmb mldgongo ml`jnmdb `g`roy (ng

tl` hkrj kh DSU) ngtk j`mldgnmdb `g`roy tk o`g`rdt` hkrm`, p`rhkrj wkrf, dgc prkcum`

jkv`j`gt. ).

v. Sl` smn`gtnhnm stucy kh jusmb` ns fgkwg ds jykbkoy(jyk:jusmb`6bkoks:stucy kh).


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Udo` =-KH-35

SÛ@]-KH-JP]MB@-SN]]P@]9Sl` tlr`` fngcs kh jusmb` tnssu`---sf`b`tdb, mdrcndm dgc sjkktlcnhh`r hrkj kg` dgktl`r ng tl`nr jnmrk-

smkpnm dgdtkjy, bkmdtnkg, dgc mkgtrkb ay tl` g`rvkus dgc `gckmrng`-syst`js.

4. ]F@B@SDB-JP]MB@-SN]]P@9

d. Nt ns sk-gdj`c a`mdus` nt ns dttdml`c prnjdrnby tk akg`s dgc nt jkv`s pdrts kh tl` sf`b`tkg .

(skj` sf`b`tdb jusmb`s dr` dbsk dttdml`c tk sfng , ktl`r jusmb`s, kr c``p hdsmnd.).

a. ]f`b`tdb-jusmb` tnssu` ns mdbb`c strndt`c jusmb` a`mdus` dbt`rgdtngo bnolt dgc cdrf adgcs

(strndtnkgs) dr` vnsnab` wl`g tl` tnssu` ns `xdjng`c ugc`r d jnmrksmkp`(s`` @xlnant 3.= kg

pdo` 415).

m. Nts d vkbugtdry jusmb` tnssu` a`mdus` nt mdg a` jdc` tk mkgtrdmt dgc r`bdx ay mkgsmnkus

mkgtrkb.

1. MDQCNDM-JP]MB@-SN]]P@9

d. Nt hkrj jkst kh tl` l`drt . nts dbsk strndt`c jusmb` aut ns ngvkbugtdry 6 tldt ns , nts mkgtrdmtnkg ns

usudbby gkt ugc`r mkgsmnkus mkgtrkb.

a. Mdrcndm-jusmb` ngmbuc`s d p`dm`jdf`r syst`j tldt mdus`s tl` l`drt tk a`dt tlns aunbt-ng rlytlj

ns mdbb`c dutkrlytljnmnty .

m. Dciustj`gts ng l`drt rdt` dr` pkssnab` a`mdus` vdrnkus lkrjkg`s dgc gùrk-trdgsjntt`rs

nghbu`gm` tl` p`dm`jdf`r.

=. ]JKKSL-JP]MB@-SN]]P@9

d. Nts bkmdt`c ng tl` wdbbs kh lkbbkw ngt`rgdb strumtur`s , suml ds abkkc v`ss`bs, tl` stkjdml , dgc

tl` ngt`stng`s, ds w`bb ds jkst ktl`r dackjngdb krodgs.

a. Nts dbsk hkugc ng tl` sfng dttdml`c tk ldnr hkbbnmb`s .

m. Pgc`r tl` jnmrksmkp` , tlns tnssu` bkkf gkg-strndt`c kr sjkktl.nts usudbby ngvkbugtdry jusmb`

tnssu`, kht`g lds dutkrlytljnmnty , dgc ns dbsk nghbu`gm`c ay m`rtdng lkrjkg`s dgc

gùrktrdgsjntt`rs. (Qòubdtnkg kh mdrcndm dgc sjkktl jusmb` ay lkrjkg`s dgc

gùrktrdgsjntt`rs ns cnsmuss`c ng mldpt`r 4?).

Slus dbb jusmb` tnssu`s dr` mbdssnhn`c ng tl` hkbbkwngo wdy9

4. ]f`b`tdb , strndt`c, vkbugtdry jusmb` tnssu` 6

1. Mdrcndm, strndt`c, ng-vkbugtdry jusmb` tnssu`6 kr

=. ]jkktl , gkg-strndt`c, ng-vkbugtdry jusmb` tnssu`(s`` @xlnant 45.=).

HPGMSNKG]-KH-JP]MB@-SN]]P@9Slrkuol sustdng`c mkgtrdmtnkg kr dbt`rgdtngo mkgtrdmtnkg dgc r`bdxdtnkg, jusmb` tnssu` lds tlr`` f`y

hugmtnkgs9 4. Urkcumngo jktnkg, 1. Urkvncngo stdanbnzdtnkg kg ikngts, dgc o`g`rdtngo l`dt.


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Udo` 3-KH-35

Jktnkg9

4. Jktnkg ns kavnkus ng jkv`j`gts suml ds wdbfngo dgc ruggngo dgc ng bkmdbnz`c jkv`j`gts , suml

ds ordspngo d p`gmnb kr gkccngo tl` l`dc.

1. Sl`s` jkv`j`gts r`by kg tl` ngt`ordt`c hugmtnkgngo kh akg`s, ikngts , dgc sf`b`tdb jusmb`s. B`ss

gktnm`dab` fngcs kh jktnkg dr` prkcum`c ay mdrcndm dgc sjkktl jusmb`s , `xdjpb`s dr` tl`a`dtngo kh tl` l`drt tk jkv` abkkc tlrkuolkut tl` akcy , mlurgngo kh hkkc ng tl` stkjdml, dgc

mkgtrdmtnkg kh tl` urngdry abdcc`r tk `xp`b urng`.

]SDANBNYNGO-AKC^-UK]NSNKG]-DGC Q@OPBDSNGO-KQODG-XKBPJ@9

4. a`snc`s prkcumngo jkv`j`gts , sf`b`tdb jusmb` mkgtrdmtnkgs jdngtdng tl` akcy ng stdab`

pksntnkgs, suml ds stdgcngo kr snttngo .

1. pksturdb jusmb`s cnspbdy sustdng`c mkgtrdmtnkgs wl`g d p`rskg ns dwdf` 9 hkr-`xdjpb`, pdrtndbby

mkgtrdmt`c g`mf jusmb` lkbc tl` l`dc uprnolt .

=. ng d snjnbdr jdgg`r , sustdng`c mkgtrdmtnkgs kh sjkktl jusmb`s jdy pr`v`gt kuthbkw kh tl`

mkgt`gts kh d lkbbkw krodg. S`jpkrdry stkrdo` kh hkkc ng tl` stkjdml kr urng` ng tl` urngdry

abdcc`r ns pkssnab` a`mdus` sjkktl jusmb`s mbks` khh tl` `xnt rkut`.

SL@QJKO@G@]N] (O@G@QDSNKG-KH-L@DS)9

4. ds sf`b`tdb jusmb` mkgtrdmts tk p`rhkrj wkrf , d ay-prkcumt ns l`dt.

1. Juml kh tl` l`dt r`b`ds`c ay jusmb` ns us`c tk jdngtdng gkrjdb akcy t`jp`rdtur`.

=. Jusmb` mkgtrdmtnkgs dr` tlkuolt tk o`g`rdt` ds juml ds


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Udo` 0-KH-35

n. Nts j`dgs tldt jusmb` tnssu` t`gcs tk r`turg tk nts krnongdb sldp` dht`r mkgtrdmtnkg kr

`xt`gsnkg.

]f`b`tdb jusmb` ns tl` hkmus kh juml kh tlns mldpt`r . mdrcndm jusmb` dgc sjkktl jusmb` dr` c`smrna`c

arn`hby l`r`, aut ng jkr` c`tdnb bdt`r (wntl cnsmussnkgs kh tl` l`drt ng mldpt`r 15, tl` vdrnkus krodgs

mkgtdngngo sjkktl jusmb`, dgc tl` dutkgkjnm g`rvkus-syst`j ng mldpt`r-4?). Sl` c`v`bkpj`gtdb

dgdtkjy kh sf`b`tdb jusmb` ns mkgsnc`r`c dt tl` `gc kh tl` mldpt`r.

DGDSKJ^-DGC-NGG@QXDSNKG-KH-]F@B@SDB-JP]MB@-SN]]P@9Sk ugc`rstdgc lkw sf`b`tdb jusmb` mkgtrdmtnkg prkcum`s jkv`j`gt, kg` g``cs skj` fgkwb`co` kh nts

g`rv` dgc abkkc suppby, mkgg`mtnv`-tnssu`-mkjpkg`gts, dgc jnmrksmkpnm dgdtkjy.

G@QX@-DGC-ABKKC-]PUUB^9

n. ]f`b`tdb jusmb`s dr` w`bb suppbn`c wntl g`rv`s dgc abkkc v`ss`bs (s`` hno 44.14) . tlks`

g`urkgs tldt stnjubdt` jusmb` tk mkgtrdmt dr` mdbb`c jktkr-g`urkgs .nn. _l`g jusmb` mkgtrdmts , nt us`s d okkc c`db kh DSU dgc tl`r`hkr` g``cs bdro` djkugts kh

gutrn`gts dgc kxyo`g hkr DSU prkcumtnkg.

nnn. Jkr`kv`r, tl` wdst` prkcumts kh tl` r`dmtnkgs tldt prkcum` DSU just a` `bnjngdt`c . tlus

prkbkgo`c jusmb` dmtnkg c`p`gcs kg d rnml abkkc suppby tk c`bnv`r gutrn`gts dgc kxyo`g dgc

r`jkv` wdst` dgc l`dt.

nv. Jnmrksmkpnm abkkc v`ss`bs mdbb`c mdpnbbdrn`s dr` pb`gtnhub ng jusmb` tnssu` 6 `dml jusmb`

hna`r(m`bb) ns ng mbks` mkgtdmt wntl kg` kr jkr` mdpnbbdrn`s.

MKGG@MSNX@-SN]]P@-MKJUKG@GS]9

Mkgg`mtnv` tnssu` surrkugcs dgc prkt`mts jusmb` tnssu` .

HD]MND Vhdsmnd:adgcdo`Z9

tl` t`rj hdsmnd r`h`rs tk d sl``t kr arkdc adgc kh hnarkus mkgg`mtnv` tnssu` a`g`dtl tl` sfng kr drkugc

jusmb`s dgc ktl`r krodgs kh tl` akcy.

]PU@QHNMNDB-HD]MND (]PAMPSDG@KP]-BD^@Q) 9Nts njj`cndt`by c``p tk tl` sfng (s`` hno 44.14) . nts mkjpks`c kh dcnpks` tnssu` dgc dr`kbdr mkgg`mtnv`

tnssu` dgc lds hkur njpkrtdgt hugmtnkgs9

(4) nts stkr`s wdt`r dgc hdt. Juml kh tl` hdt kh dg kv`r-w`nolt p`rskg ns ng tl` sup`rhnmndb hdsmnd.

(1) Nt hkrjs d bdy`r kh ngsubdtnkg tldt prkt`mts tl` akcy hrkj l`dt bkss.

(=) nt prkvnc`s j`mldgnmdb prkt`mtnkg dodngst trdujdtnm abkws .

(3) Nt prkvnc`s d pdtlwdy hkr g`rv`s dgc abkkc v`ss`bs tk `gt`r dgc `xnt jusmb`s.


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Udo` 8-KH-35

-----

C@@U-HD]MND9n. nts c`gs`, nrròubdr mkgg`mtnv` tnssu` tldt bng`s tl` akcy wdbb dgc `xtr`jntn`s dgc lkbcs

jusmb`s tko`tl`r , s`pdrdtngo tl`j ngtk hugmtnkgdb orkups.

nn. C``p-hdsmnd dbbkws hr`` jkv`j`gt kh jusmb`s , mdrrn`s g`rv`s dgc abkkc dgc byjpldtnm

v`ss`bs, dgc hnbbs spdm`s a`tw``g jusmb`s.

----------

Slr`` bdy`rs kh c`gs`, nrròubdr mkgg`mtnv` tnssu` `xt`gc hrkj tl` c``p hdsmnd tk hurtl`r prkt`mt dgc

str`gotl`g sf`b`tdb jusmb` (hno 45.4).

@UN-J^]NPJ(`pn:upkg)9 tl` kut`rjkst bdy`r, `gmnrmbngo tl` wlkb` jusmb`, ns tl` `pn-jysnuj.

U@QN-J^]NPJ(p`rn:drkugc) 9 U`rn-jysnuj tl`g surrkugcs augcb`s (hdsmnmubn kr hdsmnmb`s) kh 45 tk 455 krjkr` ngcnvncudb jusmb` hna`rs.

@GCK-J^]NPJV `gck:wntlngZ9 U`g`trdtngo tl` ngt`rnkr kh `dml hdsmnmb dgc s`pdrdtngo jusmb` hna`rs

hrkj kg` dgktl`r ns mdbb`c ds @gck-jysnuj.

Gkt`9 `pn-jysnuj, p`rn-jysnuj , dgc `gck-jysnuj dr` dbb mkgtngukus wntl dgc mkgtrnaut` mkbbdo`g

hna`rs tk tl` mkgg`mtnv` tnssu` tldt dttdml`s tl` jusmb` tk ktl`r strumtur`s, suml ds akg` kr ktl`r

jusmb`.

S@GCKG (t`gc`r` : tk str`tml kut)9

4. Dbb tlr`` V`pn-jysnuj, p`rn-jysnuj , dgc `gck-jysnuj Z jdy `xt`gc a`ykgc tl` jusmb` hna`rs

ds d t`gckg --- Vc`hng` S`gckg9:7 d mkrc kh c`gs` mkgg`mtnv` tnssu` tldt dttdml`s d jusmb` tk

tl` p`rnkstùj kh d akg` Z.

1. _l`g tl` mkgg`mtnv` tnssu` `b`j`gts `xt`gc ds d arkdc , hbdt-bdy`r, tl` t`gckg ns mdbb`c dg

dpkgùrksnsVdpk:hrkj6gùrkg: d t`gckgZ. {9. S`gckg : dpkgùrksns }6

=. Slns strumtur` dbsk dttdml`s tk tl` mkv`rngos kh d akg` , dgktl`r jusmb` , kr tl` sfng.

3. Dg `xdjpb` kh dg dpkgùrksns ns tl` Odb`d-dpkgùrktnmd kg tkp kh tl` sfubb (s`` hno 44.3)

S@GCKG(]^GKXNDB) ]L@DSL]9

n. M`rtdng t`gckgs , `sp`mndbby tlks` kh tl` wrnst dgc dgfb` , dr` `gmbks`c ay tua`s kh hnarkus

mkgg`mtnv` tnssu` mdbb`c t`gckg(sygkvndb) sl`dtls(s`` Hno 44.4?). tl`y dr` snjnbdr ng

strumtur` tk aursd` dgc mkgtdng d hnbj kh sygkvndb hbunc.

nn. S`gckg sl`dtls p`rjnt t`gckgs tk sbnc` admf dgc hkrtl jkr` `dsnby.

SL@-JKSKQ-PGNS9

n. D jktkr-gùrkg c`bnv`rs tl` stnjubus tldt ubtnjdt`by mdus`s d jusmb` hna`r tk mkgtrdmt.

nn. D jktkr gùrkg pbus dbb tl` jusmb`-hna`rs nt stnjubdt`s ns mdbb`c d jktkr-ugnt(hno 45.1).


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Udo` ?-KH-35

nnn. D sngob` jktkr-gùrkg jdf`s mkgtdmt wntl dg dv`rdo` kh 405 jusmb` hna`rs. Slns j`dgs tldt

dmtnvdtnkg kh kg` gùrkg mdus` tl` snjubtdg`kus mkgtrdmtnkg kh dakut 405 jusmb` hna`rs.

nv. Dbb tl` jusmb`-hna`rs kh d jktkr ugnt mkgtrdmt dgc r`bdx tko`tl`r . jusmb`s tldt mkgtrkb

pr`mns` jkv`j`gts . suml ds vknm` prkcumtnkg ay tl` bdrygx. Ldv` ds h`w ds twk tk tr``

jusmb` hna`rs p`r jktkr ugnt.

v. Jusmb`s kh tl` akcy tldt dr` r`spkgsnab` hkr pkw`rhub orkss jkv`j`gts . suml ds tl` anm`ps

ardmlnn ng tl` drj dgc odstrkmg`jnus ng tl` bò.jdy ldv` ds jdgy ds 1555 jusmb` hna`rs

p`r jktkr ugnt.

vn. ]tnjubdtnkg kh d jktkr gùrkg prkcum`s d mkgtrdmtnkg ng dbb tl` jusmb` hna`rs kh d pdrtnmubdr

jktkr ugnt.

vnn. Dmmkrcngoby, tl` tktdb str`gotl kh d mkgtrdmtnkg ns vdrn`c ng pdrt ay dciustngo tl` guja`r kh

jktkr ugnts tldt dr` dmtnvdt`c.

SL@-G@PQK-JP]MPBDQ-IPGMSNKG9n. @xmntdab` m`bbs ( gùrkgs dgc jusmb` hna`rs) jdf` mkgtdmt dgc mkjjugnmdt` dt sp`mndbnz`c

rònkgs mdbb`c sygdps`s.

nn. Dt jkst sygdps`s d sjdbb odp, mdbb`c tl` sygdptnm-mb`ht, s`pdrdt`s tl` twk `xmntdab` m`bbs.

nnn. ]ngm` tl` m`bbs ckgt plysnmdbby tkuml, tl` dmtnkg-pkt`gtndb hrkj kg` m`bb mdggkt iujp-tl`-

odp tk `xmnt` tl` g`xt m`bb.

nv. Qdtl`r, tl` hnrst m`bb mkjjugnmdt`s wntl tl` s`mkgc ay r`b`dsngo d ml`jnmdb mdbb`c d

gùrktrdgsjntt`r . tl` pdrtnmubdr typ` kh sygdps` hkrj`c a`tw``g d jktkr-gùrkg dgc d

sf`b`tdb jusmb` hna`r ns mdbb`c tl` gùrk-jusmubdr-iugmtnkg(GJI) Vkr jyk-gùrdb-iugmtnkg

Z.

v. Mbks` tk nts tdro`t sf`b`tdb jusmb` hna`rs, tl` dxkg kh d jktkr gùrkg ardgml`s ngtk mbust`rskh auba-sldp`c dxkg t`rjngdbs (hno 45.=d,a).

vn. Sl` rònkg kh tl` jusmb`-hna`r j`jardg` tldt ns dcidm`gt tk tl` dxkg-t`rjngdbs lds sp`mndb

h`dtur`s dgc ns mdbb`c tl` jktkr-`gc-pbdt` .

vnn. Sl` t`rj gùrk-jusmubdr-iugmtnkg ngmbuc`s aktl tl` dxkg t`rjngdbs kh tl` jktkr-gùrkg

dgc tl` jktkr-`gc-pbdt` kh tl` jusmb`-hna`r.

vnnn. Sl` cnstdb `gc kh dg dxkg-t`rjngdb mkgtdngs jdgy j`jardg`-`gmbks`c sdms mdbb`c sygdptnm-

v`snmb`s Vhno 45.=mZ .

nx. Ngsnc` `dml sygdptnm-v`snmb` dr` tlkusdgcs kh gùrk-trdgsjntt`r jkb`mub`s. Dbtlkuol jdgy

cnhh`r`gt gùrk-trdgsjntt`rs `xnst , tl` kg` pr`s`gt ng jktkr gùrkg sygdptnm v`snmb`s dgc

r`b`ds`c dt tl` GJI ns dm`tyb-mlkbng` , {daar`vndt`c ds VDMlZ}.x. _l`g d g`rv` njpubs` Vdmtnkg-pkt`gtndbZ r`dml`s tl` dxkg-t`rjngdb , nt trnoo`rs `xk-mytksns

kh sygdptnm v`snmb`s. Ng tlns prkm`ss, tl` sygdptnm v`snmb`s hus` wntl tl` pbdsjd-j`jardg`

dgc bna`rdt` DMl, wlnml cnhhus`s ngtk tl` sygdptnm mb`ht a`tw``g tl` jktkr-gùrkg dgc tl`

jktkr-`gc-pbdt`.


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Udo`


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Udo` >-KH-35

v. Sl` pdtt`rg kh tl`nr kv`rbdp mdus`s tl` mrkss-strndtnkgs s``g aktl ng sngob` jykhnarnbs dgc ng

wlkb` jusmb`-hna`rs.

vn. D tlnrc typ` kh hnbdj`gt , tl` `bdstnm-hnbdj`gt, wnbb a` c`smrna`c slkrtby.

]DQMKJ@Q@]9

vnn. Sl` hnbdj`gts ngsnc` d jykhnarnb ckgt `xt`gc tl` `gtnr` b`gotl kh d jusmb` hna`r, tl`y dr`

drrdgo`c ng mkjpdrtj`gts mdbb`c sdrmkj`r`s Vs`` hno 45.0 dgc 45.8d).

Y-cnsms (bng`s)9

vnnn. Gdrrkw pbdt`-sldp`c r`onkgs kh c`gs` jdt`rndb mdbb`c Y-cnsms (bng`s) s`pdrdt` kg`

sdrmkj`r` hrkj tl` g`xt.

D-adgc9

nx. _ntlng d sdrmkj`r` tl` cdrf`r dr`d , mdbb`c tl` D (dg-nsk-trkpnm)-adgc, `xt`gcs hrkj kg`

`gc tk tl` ktl`r kh tl` tlnmf-hnbdj`gts dgc ngmbuc`s pkrtnkgs kh tl` tlng-hnbdj`gts wl`r`

tl`y kv`rbdp tl` tlnmf-hnbdj`gts.

N-adgc9

x. D bnolt`r, b`ss c`gs` dr`d mdbb`c tl` N(nsk-trkpnm)-adgc mkgtdngs tl` r st kh tl` tlng-

hnbdj`gts aut gk tlnmf-hnbdj`gts.

----

xn. Sl` Y-cnsm pdss`s tlrkuol tl` m`gt`r kh `dml N-adgc. Sl` dbt`rgdtngo cdrf D-adgcs dgc

bnolt N-adgcs onv` tl` jusmb` hna`r nts strndt`c dpp`drdgm`.

L-zkg`9xnn. D gdrrkw L-zkg` ng tl` m`gt`r kh `dml D-adgc mkgtdngs tlnmf aut gkt tlng hnbdj`gts.

J-bng`9

xnnn. Cnvncngo tl` L-zkg` ns tl` J-bng`. J-bng` ns hkrj`c ay prkt`ng jkb`mub`s tldt mkgg`mt

dcidm`gt tlnmf hnbdj`gts.

J^K]NG9

xnv. Sl` twk mkgtrdmtnb` prkt`ngs ng jusmb` dr` jyksng dgc dmtng. Dakut 155-jkb`mub`s kh

tl` prkt`ng jyksnghkrj d sngob` tlnmf hnbdj`gt (hno 45.8a).

xv. @dml jyksng-jkb`mub` ns sldp`c bnf` twk okbh mbuas twnst`c tko`tl`r. Sl` tdnbs (okbh mbualdgcb`s) pkngt tkwdrc tl` J-bng` ng tl` m`gt`r kh tl` sdrmkj`r`.

xvn. Sl` prki`mtngo jyksng l`dcs mdbb`c mrkss-arnco`s . `xt`gc kut tkwdrc tl` tlng hnbdj`gts .

tdnbs kh g`nolakrngo jyksng-jkb`mub`s bn` pdrdbb`b tk kg` dgktl`r , hkrjngo tl` sldht kh tl`

tlnmf hnbdj`gt. Sl` l`dcs prki`mt hrkj dbb drkugc tl` sldht ng d spnrdbngo hdslnkg.


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Udo` 45-KH-35

DMSNG9

xvnn. Slng-hnbdj`gts `xt`gc hrkj dgmlkrngo pkngts wntlng tl` Y-cnsms. Sl`nr jdng mkjpkg`gt ns

dmtng. dbsk pr`s`gt ng tl` tlng hnbdj`gt dr` sjdbb`r djkugts kh twk r`oubdtkry prkt`ngs,

trkpkjyksng dgc trkpkgng(hno 45.8m ).

xvnnn. Ngcnvncudb dmtng-jkb`mub`s dpp`dr tk a` sldp`c bnf` fncg`y a`dgs. Sl`y ikng tk hkrj dg dmtng-hnbdj`gt tldt ns twnst`c ngtk d l`bnx.(hkr jdgy y`drs nt wds tlkuolt tldt twk l`bnmdb strdgcs

ngt`r-twng`c tk hkrj dg dmtng-hnbdj`gt. Q`m`gt `vnc`gm` suoo`sts tl`r` ns iust d sngob` mldng

kh a`dg-sldp`c dmtng-jkb`mub`s .).

xnx. Kg `dml dmtng-jkb`mub` ns d jyksng-angcngo snt` , d snt` wl`r` d mrkss-arnco` mdg dttdml. Ng

r`bdx`c jusmb`, trkpkjyksng mkv`rs tl` jyksng-angcngo snt`s kg dmtng dgc tlus abkmf

dttdmlj`gt kh jyksng mrkss-arnco`s tk dmtng.

@BD]SNM-HNBDJ@GS9

xx. D jkr` r`m`gtby r`mkognz`c mkjpkg`gt kh tl` sdrmkj`r` ns tl` `bdstnm-hnbdj`gt (hno 45.8d).

nt ns mkjpks`c kh tl` prkt`ng tntng(mkgg`mtng) , tntng ns tl` tlnrc jkst pb`gtnhub prkt`ng ng

sf`b`tdb-jusmb` (dht`r dmtng dgc jyksng ).

xxn. Sntng dgmlkrs tlnmf-hnbdj`gts tk tl` Y-cnsms dgc tl`r`ay l`bps stdanbnz` tl` pksntnkg kh tl`

tlnmf-hnbdj`gts. Nt jdy dbsk pbdy d rkb` ng r`mkv`ry kh tl` r`stngo sdrmkj`r` b`gotl wl`g d

jusmb` ns str`tml`cVmkgtrdmtngoZ kr curngo r`bdxdtnkg.

xxnn. Sl` prkt`ng wds gdj`c tntng a`mdus` nt lds d luo` (tntdgnm) jkb`mubdr w`nolt (kr mkgg`mtng

a`mdus` kh nts mkgg`mtngo hugmtnkg).

-----------

xxnnn. @xlnant 45.4 r`vn`ws tl` typ`s kh hnbdj`gts ng sf`b`tdb jusmb` hna`rs.

]DQMKUBD]JNM-Q@SNMPBPJ DGC SQDG]X@Q]@-SPAPB@]Vkr S-

SPAPB@]Z9

]DQMKUBD]JNM-Q@SNMPBPJ9

n. D hbunc-hnbb`c syst`j kh mnst`rgs mdbb`c tl` sdrmkpbdsjnm-r`tnmubuj (]Q) `gmnrmb`s `dml

jykhnarnb (s`` hno 45.3c).

nn. Slns `bdakrdt` tuaubdr syst`j ns snjnbdr tk sjkktl `gck-pbdsjnm r`tnmubuj ng gkg-jusmb`

m`bbs.nnn. Ng d r`bdx`c jusmb` hna`r, tl` sdrmkpbdsjnm-r`tnmubuj stkr`s Md1+. Q`b`ds` kh md1+hrkj tl`

sdrmkpbdsjnmr`tnmubuj ngtk tl` sdrmkpbdsj drkugc tl` tlnmf dgc tlng hnbdj`gts trnoo`rs

jusmb` mkgtrdmtnkg .

nv. Sl` mdbmnuj nkgs pdss kut tlrkuol sp`mndb pkr`s ng tl` sdrmkpbdsjnm-r`tnmubuj mdbb`c Md1+-

r`b`ds`-mldgg`bs.


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Udo` 41-KH-35

mkgtrdmtnkg.

=. @bdstnm-

hnbdj`gt

B`ss

tldg 4

gj

Sntng

(mkgg`mtng)

(>%)

Dgmlkrs

tlnmf

hnbdj`gts tk

Y-cnsms

dgc

stdanbnz`s

tl`j

curngo

mkgtrdmtnkg

dgc

r`bdxdtnkg.

-----------------

MKGSQDMSNKG-KH-JP]MB@9

n. Ng tl` jnc-4>05s i`dg Ldgskg dgc Luog Luxb`y ldc d r`vkbutnkgdry ngsnolt ngtk tl` j`mldgnsj khjusmb`-mkgtrdmtnkg.

1. Ur`vnkusby , smn`gtnsts ldc njdong`c tldt jusmb` mkgtrdmtnkg just a` d hkbcngo prkm`ss, skj`wldt bnf`

mbksngo dg dmmkrcnkg.

=. Ldgskg dgc Luxb`y prkpks`c, lkw`v`r, tldt sf`b`tdb jusmb` slkrt`gs curngo mkgtrdmtnkg a`mdus` tl`

tlnmf dgc tlng hnbdj`gts sbnc` pdst kg` dgktl`r . tl`nr jkc`b ns fgkwg ds tl` sbncngo-hnbdj`gt-

j`mldgnsj kh jusmb` mkgtrdmtnkg.

]BNCNGO-HNBDJ@GS-J@MLDGN]J9

n. Curngo jusmb`-mkgtrdmtnkg, jyksng mrkss-arnco`s pubb kg tl` tlng hnbdj`gts, mdusngo tl`j tk sbnc`ngwdrc tkwdrc tl` L-zkg` (hno 45.?).

1. Ds tl` mrkss-arnco`s pubb kg (dppby hkrm` tk ) tl` tlng hnbdj`gts, tl` tlng-hnbdj`gts j``t dt tl` m`gt`r

kh tl` sdrmkj`r`.

=. Sl` jyksng mrkss-arnco`s jdy `v`g pubb tl` tlng hnbdj`gts kh `dml sdrmkj`r` sk hdr ngwdrc tldt tl`nr

`gcs kv`rbdp (hno 45.?m) .


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3. Ds tl` tlng-hnbdj`gts sbnc` ngwdrc, tl` Y-cnsms mkj` tkwdrc dml ktl`r , dgc tl` sdrmkj`r`

slkrt`gs, aut tl` b`gotls kh tl` tlnmf dgc tlng hnbdj`gts ck gkt mldgo`.

0. Sl` sbncngo kh tl` hnbdj`gts dgc slkrt`gngo kh tl` sdrmkj`r`s mdus` slkrt`gngo kh tl` wlkb` jusmb`-

hna`r dgc ubtnjdt`by tl` `gtnr` jusmb`.

-----

QKB@-KH-MDBMNPJ-DGC-Q@OPBDSKQ-UQKS@NG]9d. ^ku jdy a` wkgc`rngo wldt stdrts dgc stkps hnbdj`gt-sbncngo . Dg ngmr`dsngo ng Md

1+

mkgm`gtrdtnkg ng tl` sdrmkpbdsj stdrts hnbdj`gt sbncngo , wlnb` d c`mr`ds` turgs-khh tl` sbncngo-

prkm`ss.

a. _l`g d jusmb` hna`r ns r`bdx`c (gkt mkgtrdmtngo ), tl` mkgm`gtrdtnkg kh Md1+ng tl` sdrmkpbdsj ns

bkw (hno 45.


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Udo` 43-KH-35

]S@U-=9

h. Kgm` tl` pkw`r-strkf` ns mkjpb`t`, DSU dodng mkjang`s wntl tl` DSU-angcngo snt`s kg tl`

jyksng mrkss arnco`s (st`p-=).

]S@U-39

o. ]S@U-39:7 Ds DSU-angcs, tl` jyksng l`dc c`tdml`s hrkj dmtng . dodng , DSU ns spbnt , njpdrtngo nts

`g`roy tk tl` jyksng l`dc, wlnml r`turgs tk nts krnongdb uprnolt pksntnkg (st`p-3).

----

l. Nt ns tl`g r`dcy tk mkjang` wntl dgktl`r jyksng-angcngo snt` hurtl`r dbkgo tl` tlng hnbdj`gt .

tl` mymb` r`p`dts kv`r dgc kv`r . tl` jyksng mrkss-arnco`s f``p jkvngo admf dgc hkrtl bnf` tl`

mkos kh d rdtml`t wntl `dml pkw`r-strkf` , jkvngo tl` tlng-hnbdj`gts tkwdrc tl` L-zkg`.

n. Dt dgy kg` ngstdgt, dakut ldbh kh tl` jyksng mrkss-arnco`s dr` akugc tk dmtng dgc dr` swnv`bngo .

tl` ktl`r ldbh dr` c`tdml`c dgc pr`pdrngo tk swnv`b dodng . mkgtrdmtnkg ns dgdbkokus tk ruggngokg d gkg-jktkrnz`c tr`dcjnbb. Kg` hkkt (jyksng l`dc) strnf`s tl` a`bt (tlng-hnbdj`gt) dgc

pusl`s nt admfwdrc (tkwdrc tl` L-zkg`). Sl`g tl` ktl`r hkkt mkj`s ckwg dgc njpdrts d s`mkgc

pusl . tl` a`bt skkg jkv`s sjkktlby wlnb` tl` rugg`r (tlnmf hnbdj`gt) r`jdngs stdtnkgdry. Dgc

bnf` tl` b`os kh d rugg`r, tl` jyksng-l`dcs g``c d mkgstdgt suppby kh `g`roy tk f``p okngo !

i. Sl` pkw`r-strkf` r`p`dts ds bkgo ds DSU ns dvdnbdab` dgc tl` Md1+b`v`b g`dr tl` tlng-hnbdj`gt ns

lnol . tlns mkgtngudb-jkv`j`gt dppbn`s tl` hkrm` tldt crdws tl` Y-cnsms tkwdrc `dml ktl`r , dgc

tl` sdrmkj`r` slkrt`gs .

f. Sl` jykhnarnbs tlus mkgtrdmt , dgc tl` wlkb` jusmb` hna`r slkrt`gs. Curngo d jdxnjdb jusmb`

mkgtrdmtnkg . tl` cnstdgm` a`tw``g Y-cnsms mdg c`mr`ds` tk ldbh tl` r`stngo b`gotl . aut tl`

pkw`r-strkf` ck`s gkt dbwdys r`subt ng slkrt`gngo kh tl` jusmb`-hna`rs dgc tl` wlkb` jusmb`.

N]K-J@SQNM-MKGSQDMSNKGVi`rf-ng bnhtngo l`dvy w`nolt kai`mtsZ9

b. Mkgtrdmtnkg wntlkut slkrt`gngo ns mdbb`c dg nsk-j`trnm-mkgtrdmtnkg . Dg `xdjpb` ns tryngo tk bnht

d v`ry l`dvy kai`mt . tl` mrkss-arnco`s o`g`rdt` hkrm` , aut tl` hnbdj`gts ck gkt sbnc` pdst kg`

dgktl`r .

---hngnsl`c----

Q@BD\DSNKG9

4. Swk mldgo`s p`rjnt d jusmb`-hna`r tk r`bdx dht`r nt lds mkgtrdmt`c .

1. Hnrst, dm`tybmlkbng` ns rdpncby arkf`g ckwg ay dg `gzyj` mdbb`c dm`tybmlkbng`st`rds`

(DMl@) . DMl@ ns pr`s`gt ng tl` sygdptnm-mb`ht. _l`g dmtnkg pkt`gtndbs m`ds` ng tl` jktkr


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Udo` 40-KH-35

g`urkg , tl`r` ns gk g`w r`b`ds` kh DMl, dgc DMl@ rdpncby ar`dfs ckwg tl` DMl dbr`dcy

pr`s`gt ng tl` sygdptnm-mb`ht.

=. Slns stkps tl` o`g`rdtnkg kh jusmb` dmtnkg pkt`gtndbs , dgc tl` Md1+

r`b`ds` mldgg`bs ng tl`

sdrmkpbdsjnm-r`tnmubuj mbks`.

3. ]`mkgc, Md1+

dmtnv`-trdgspkrt pujps rdpncby r`jkv` Md1+

hrkj tl` sdrmkpbdsj ngtk tl`

sdrmkpbdsjnm r`tnmubuj.

0. Sl`s` pujps wkrf sk vnokrkusby tldt tl`y mdg f``p tl` mkgm`gtrdtnkg kh Md1+

45,555 tnj`s

bkw`r ng tl` sdrmkpbdsj kh d r`bdx`c jusmb`-hna`r tldg ngsnc` tl` ]Q . dbsk , jkb`mub`s kh d

mdbmnuj-angcngo prkt`ng dpprkprndt`by mdbb`c mdbs`qu`strng, angc tk mdbmnuj nkgs ngsnc` tl`

]Q.

8. Slns r`dmtnkg tdf`g Md1+ kut kh skbutnkg dgc dbbkws `v`g jkr` Md1+ tk a` s qu`st`r`c

wntlng tl` ]Q . ds Md1+

b`v`b crkps ng tl` sdrmkpbdsj, tl` trkpkjyksngtrkpkgn mkjpb`x

sbnc`s admf kv`r tl` jyksng-angcngo snt`s kg dmtng .

?. Slns pr`v`gts hurtl`r mrkss arnco` angcngo tk dmtng , dgc tl` tlng hnbdj`gts sbnp admf tk tl`nr

r`bdx`c pksntnkgs . (hno 45.45) sujjdrnz`s tl` `v`gts dsskmndt`c wntl mkgtrdmtnkg dgcr`bdxdtnkg kh d jusmb`-hna`r.

-----hngnsl`c----

JP]MB@-SKG@94. C`hng`:7 ]ustdng`c , sjdbb mkgtrdmtnkgs onv`s d hnrjg`ss tk d r`bdx`c sf`b`tdb jusmb` tldt ns

fgkwg ds jusmb`-tkg`.

1. Dt dgy ngstdgt , d h`w jusmb` hna`rs dr` mkgtrdmt`c wlnb` jkst dr` r`bdx`c . tlns sjdbb djkugt kh

mkgtrdmtnkg hnrjs up d jusmb` wntlkut prkcumngo jkv`j`gt dgc ns `ss`gtndb hkr jdngtdngngo

pkstur`.

=. Dsygmlrkgkus hnrngo kh jktkr ugnts dbbkws jusmb` tkg` tk a` sustdng`c mkgtngukusby . wl`g tl`

jusmb`s ng tl` admf kh tl` g`mf dr` ng tkgnm mkgtrdmtnkg, hkr `xdjpb` , tl`y f``p tl` l`dc

uprnolt dgc pr`v`gt nt hrkj sbujpngo hkrwdrc kgtk tl` ml`st , aut tl`y ckgt dppby `gkuol hkrm`

tk pubb tl` l`dc admf ngtk lyp`r`xt`gsnkg .

JP]MB@-J@SDAKBN]J 94. Mkgtrdmtnkg kh jusmb` r`qunr`s `g`roy , aut surprnsngoby bnttb` DSU ns pr`s`gt ngsnc` jusmb`-hna`rs

6 tl`r` ns iust `gkuol tk pkw`r mkgtrdmtnkg hkr d h`w s`mkgcs.

1. Pgbnf` jkst m`bbs kh tl` akcy sf`b`tdb jusmb` hna`rs kht`g hugmtnkg ng d stkp dgc ok jdgg`r6

tl`y swntml a`tw``g vnrtudb ngdmtnkg dgc or`dt dmtnvnty .

=. Nh str`gukus `x`rmns` ns tk mkgtngu` hkr jkr` tldg d h`w s`mkgcs , dccntnkgdb DSU just a`

prkcum`c . kg c`jdgc , tl` jusmb`-hna`rs j`tdakbnmjdmlng`ry ok`s ngtk lnol o`dr tk st`p up

DSU prkcumtnkg.


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Udo` 48-KH-35

ULK]ULDO@G-]^]S@J94. Jusmb`-hna`rs ldv` d ugnqu` jkb`mub` mdbb`c mr`dtng`-plkspldt` (plksplkr-mr`dtng`) tldt mdg

trdgsh`r nts lnol-`g`roy plkspldt` orkup tk DCU, tlus hkrjngo DSU dgc mr`dtng` (hno 45.44d) .

1. Mr`dtng` plkspldt` ns dakut tlr`` tk hnv` tnj`s jkr` pb`gtnhub tldg DSU .

=. Sko`tl`r , mr`dtng` plkspldt` dgc DSU mkgstntut` tl` plkspldo`g-syst`j dgc prkvnc` `gkuol`g`roy hkr jusmb`s tk mkgtrdmt jdxnjdbby hkr dakut 40 s`mkgcs .

3. Slns `g`roy syst`j ns us`c hkr jdxnjdb slkrt aurst kh `g`roy . hkr `xdjpb` , tk rug d 455-j`t`r

cdsl.

-----

BN]S-KH-HNOPQ@]9Unmtur`s kh tl` jusmb`-plysnkbkoy 9

45.4 Q`bdtnkgslnp kh mkgg`mtnv` tnssu` tk sf`b`tdb-jusmb` slkwngo tl` r`bdtnv` pksntnkgs kh tl`

`pnjysnuj,p`rnjysnuj, dgc gckjysnuj.


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Udo` 4?-KH-35

Hno 45.1 9 jktkr ugnt , slkwg dr` twk jktkr g`urkgs, kg` ng r`c dgc kg` ng or``g , `dml suppbyngo tl`

jusmb`-hna`rs kh nts jktkr-ugnt.


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Udo` 4


20/42


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` 15-KH-35
http://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=zpwFv-87j0aqXM&tbnid=NfVgL_hkna4xEM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://people.fmarion.edu/tbarbeau/physio_muscle_supplements.htm&ei=BlPRU9OwBYbnywOlkoAI&bvm=bv.71667212,d.cWc&psig=AFQjCNFB1WTHePCO-SC-4ELhUd2rThid5w&ust=1406313462565597http://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=bEL_pkm9ITP6aM&tbnid=P_aoPuOFv5HK3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/notes_muscles.html&ei=eFLRU6i8DMjnygP_i4CgCw&bvm=bv.71667212,d.cWc&psig=AFQjCNFB1WTHePCO-SC-4ELhUd2rThid5w&ust=1406313462565597


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Udo` 14-KH-35

d) ]mdggngo `b`mtrkg jnmrkordpl V4805xZ

45.3 9 Krodgnzdtnkg kh d sf`b`tdb jusmb` hrkj orkss tk jkb`mubdr b`v`bs .


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Udo` 11-KH-35


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Udo` 1=-KH-35
http://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=uq-YnjlHxmbcEM&tbnid=45K1ieJwEm-nBM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://cnx.org/content/m46476/latest/?collection=col11496/1.5&ei=UFTRU9_KIqLoywOvhIDADA&bvm=bv.71667212,d.cWc&psig=AFQjCNEVQW-R3TKgKW806LUq4CEVr4mcdQ&ust=1406313793354965


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Udo` 13-KH-35
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Udo` 10-KH-35

Hno 45.0 9 trdgsjnssnkg `b`mtrkg jnmrkordpl kh jdjjdbndg sf`b`tdb jusmb` . tl` Y-cnsm s`pdrdt` kg`

sdrmkj`r` hrkj dgktl`r . gkt` lkw tl` kv`rbdp kh tlnmf dgc tlng hnbdj`gts prkcum`s dg dbt`rgdtngopdtt`rg kh bnolt dgc cdrf adgcs.
http://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=jDFmNFyNaJPfGM&tbnid=iCabJodC8I9lzM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://functionalanatomyblog.com/&ei=j1jRU661F8ucyASLvYLADA&bvm=bv.71667212,d.cWc&psig=AFQjCNH-YhesRRvMs7cUXGtQ-B5HKaoRXg&ust=1406314513662849


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` 18-KH-35

@b`mtrkg jnmrkordpl kh twk sdrmkj`r`s (15,555x)


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` 1?-KH-35

DMlQ


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` 1


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` 1>-KH-35


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` =5-KH-35


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` =4-KH-35


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` =1-KH-35

Hno-45.8 9 c`tdnb strumtur` kh jusmb` hnbdj`gts . (d) Sl` r`bdtnkg kh tlnmf (jyksng) , tlng (dmtng) , dgc `bdstnm

(tntng) hnbdj`gts ng d sdrmkj`r`. Gkt` tldt dmtng hnbdj`gts dr` dgmlkr`c cnr`mtby dt Y cnsms wlnb` jyksng

hnbdj`gts dr` mkgg`mt`c tk tl` Y-cnsms ay tntng (dbsk fgkwg ds mkgg`mtng). (a) dakut 155 jyksng

jkb`mub`s mkjprns` d tlnmf hnbdj`gt. Sl` jyksng tdnbs dbb pkngt tkwdrc tl` m`gt`r kh tl` sdrmkj`r`. (m)

tlng hnbdj`gts mkgtdng dmtng , trkpkgng, dgc trkpkjyksng.

a) Slnmf-hnbdj`gt dgc jyksng jkb`mub`


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` ==-KH-35


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` =3-KH-35

(a) tlnmf hnbdj`gt dgc jyksng jkb`mub`


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` =0-KH-35

Hno-45.? 9 ]bncngo hnbdj`gt j`mldgnsj kh jusmb` mkgtrdmtnkg.9


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` =8-KH-35


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` =?-KH-35


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` =


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` =>-KH-35


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F L D G - B K C L N

Udo` 35-KH-35

Hno-45.> 9 Qkb` kh DSU dgc tl` pkw`r strkf` kh jusmb` mkgtrdmtnkg, sdrmkj`r`s slkrt`g tlrkuol

r`p`dt`c mymb`s ng wlnml tl` jyksng l`dcs dttdml tk dmtng , swnv`b Vrktdt`Z{ swnv`b :turg drkugc d

pkngt kr dxns } tkwdrc tl` m`gt`r kh tl` sdrmkj`r` dgc c`tdml .

------------Jusmb`-Ulysnkbkoy Hngnsl`c l`r` KG Ank-J`cnmdb `gong``rngo mkurs` kg plysnkbkoy-4---------


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muscle-physiology in physiology-1 on bio-medical engineering

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