A I 9 WITH COMMON CORE

A STATE STANDARDS

Multiple Pathways To Success Quarter 2 Learning Module

Aligned with Maryland State Standards

Science Biology

Unit 3 and 4

Copyright July 31, 2014— Drafted December 16, 2015 Prince George's County Public Schools

Board of Education of Prince George's County, Maryland

PGCPS ekte4c

Dear Scholars,

As you move through the Biology curriculum, the level of academic rigor will increase. This could potentially lead to gaps in your understanding. Therefore, this learning module has been designed to assist you in acquiring and strengthening the essential skills needed for successful completion of Biology Common Core. Your experiences with this module will also help to remediate misconceptions, confusion, and rebuild areas of weakness.

Sincerely,

Writers of the Multiple Pathways to Success Modules

2015-2016 Biology Quarter 2 Indicators

Indicator Description

3.1.1 The student will be able to describe the unique characteristics of chemical substances and macromolecules utilized by living systems

3.1.2 The student will be able to discuss factors involved in the regulation of chemical activity as part of a homeostatic mechanism

3.1.3 The student will be able to compare the transfer and use of matter and energy in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms

3.2.1 The student will explain processes and the function of related structures found in unicellular and rnulticellular organisms

3.2.2 The student will conclude that cells exist within a narrow range of environmental conditions and changes to that environment, either naturally occurring or induced, may cause changes in the metabolic activity of the cell or organism.

Unit 3: Chemical Compounds, Water, pH and Macromolecules

There are two types of compounds (substances that contain more than one type of element):

1. Organic compounds — contain carbon, found in nature or organisms, may also contain H, 0, or N and to a lesser extent P, S, Fe, Ca, Na, Cl, Mg, and K (relatively few elements compared to the number of elements on the periodic table). They are often very large and complex molecules.

2. Inorganic compounds — anything that is not organic is inorganic. As a rule, inorganic compounds do not contain carbon (C), but there are exceptions.

Water

There is more water on Earth than any other substance. Water is the most important inorganic compound, all living organisms require water to survive. The water molecule has the molecular formula, H20, meaning that it has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The water molecule is a polar molecule which means that the hydrogen side has a slightly positive charge and the oxygen side has a slightly negative charge. See diagram below.

Water's polarity allows for it to have many unique properties. These properties are:

1) Universal solvent - the positive and negative charges in water allow for it to pull apart molecules, allowing them to dissolve in water. This is important biologically because it can help in transporting nutrients throughout our body (in our blood) or help in eliminating waste products.

2) Density - water is unique because it is more dense as a liquid than a solid. This allows for solid water (ice) to float. This has biological significance because organisms can survive under the ice during colder months because it acts as an insulator.

3) Cohesion - due to the polarity of water, water is attracted to itself. This allows for water molecules to stick together, and can contribute to surface tension. Surface tension is what allows insects to walk on water.

4) Adhesion - this occurs when water is attracted to another substance other than itself. Adhesion contributes to the process of capillary action, which plants use to help pull water up their stems against gravity.

Solutions and Suspensions A solution is a mixture containing two or more substances. In the mixture the solute is the substance that is dissolved by the solvent.

Solute

Solution

phi

is the measure of hydrogen ions in solution. As substances are dissolved in water they can break apart the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen. By measuring the amount of hydrogen in solution, we can determine the pH of a solution. The pH scale ranges from 0-14. Solutions can be considered acidic, neutral or basic depending on their pH (see picture below).

Acidic Neutral Basle

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Battery Lemon Wine Normal Dist lied Baking soft Ammonia Lye

Add Juice RAIn Water Soria SOap

Macromolecules

Large organic carbon based compounds are called macromolecules. There are four classes of macromolecules used by living things.

Macromolecule Monomer Function Example

Carbohydrate /

monosaccharide short-term energy glucose, sucrose r , / / "pr

Proteins amino acids speed up chemical reactions body structures/chemicals

enzymes . lain Inn illi

odd ado add

Nucleic Acids nucleotides stores and transmits genetic information

DNA, RNA

• \

Lipids glycerol & fatty acids long-term energy triglycerides any acid I

1g 'ally add am

My arid

Minerals and Vitamins

Minerals are inorganic molecules (do not contain carbon) that can be used in cellular processes. Examples include: phosphorus, zinc, and iron.

Vitamins are organic compounds use in the body. Each vitamin has specific functions/roles to help the human body.

Vitamin Role/Function

Vitamin C wound healing

Vitamin D bone growth

Vitamin K blood clotting

Enzymes

Enzymes are biological catalysts: this means that they speed up the chemical reactions in living things. A catalyst is any substance that makes a chemical reaction faster, without being changed itself. Catalysts can be used over and over again in a chemical reaction. Enzymes are the catalysts of biological chemical reactions.

A chemical reaction involves the conversion of one or more chemical compounds. A chemical reaction involves reactants and products. A reactant is what goes into the reaction and the product is what comes out (the result).

Enzyme

Substrate

Active site gimp

Enzyme Enzyme-substrate complex Enzyme

Products Ra

te o

f rea

ctio

n

Pepsin Trypsin

Enzymes are made up of protein. They are specific for one type of chemical reaction. This means that we have thousands of enzymes that help perform chemical reactions in our bodies. An enzyme's specificity is dependent upon its structure. Each enzyme has an active site which mediates the reaction. The active site works or "acts on" the substrate to help build or break down substances. The active site is specific for the substrate the enzyme works on. This it gives an enzyme its specificity.

Enzymes like catalysts can be used over and over again, but are sensitive to their environment. Each enzyme functions at an optimal temperature and pH. If environmental conditions are changed, such as a decrease/increase in pH or an increase in temperature the enzyme can become denatured. Denatured means that the enzyme has changed shape and can no longer function properly. A decrease in temperature (getting colder) won't denature the enzyme, but it will slow it down.

The following graph indicates the optimal pH for two different enzymes pepsin and trypsin. The optimal pH is indicated by the peak of the line. Therefore, the optimal pH for pepsin is 3 and the optimal pH for trypsin is 7. The enzyme activity (rate of reaction) decreases on either side of the optimal pH due to denaturation.

Enzymes and pH

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 pH

Enemy Transfer: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis All living things must have energy to carry out life processes. All energy for living things on Earth comes from the sun. Only plants can trap the sun's energy on chlorophyll, a special energy molecule located in the chloroplast of the plant. The plant uses this energy from the sun to make glucose through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is chemical reaction that is mediated by enzymes. The reactants are carbon dioxide and water. The products are glucose and oxygen. Energy from the sun is stored in the chemical bonds of the glucose molecule. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is:

6002 ± 6H20 -* 06H1206 + 602

Chemosynthesis Some organisms do not have access to sunlight and use an alternative way to create energy. The do this using chemosynthesis, converting inorganic chemicals into a form of energy. This process is typically performed by bacteria that live at the bottom of the ocean.

Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is a process where the energy in glucose is converted and stored in the energy molecule ATP. Cellular respiration is performed by cells containing mitochondria. ATP is the energy currency used by all cells to drive cell processes.

The reactants of cellular respiration are glucose (which we get from food) and oxygen. The products are carbon dioxide and water. The chemical equation is below:

06H1206 + 602 ---). 6002 + 6H20

There are two forms of cellular respiration, aerobic and anaerobic. In aerobic respiration, the cell uses more oxygen and makes more ATP. In anaerobic respiration, there is NO oxygen present and the cell makes less ATP.

Unit 3 Questions:

1. What 2 elements is water made of?

2. What does it mean to be a polar molecule?

3. Which is more negatively charged in the water molecule? A. Oxygen B. Hydrogen

4. If I am making chocolate milk what is the solute and what is the solvent? Solute: Solvent:

5. Derrick is making some black cherry kool-aid. Is the kool-aid mix the solute or the solvent? A. Solute B. Solvent

6. Is oil and water an example of a solution or a suspension? A. Solution B. suspension

7. When the cells of most organisms freeze, they burst. Which property of water causes this to occur? a. Water is a universal solvent. b. Water changes temperature rapidly. c. Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid. d. Water is a non polar molecule.

8. Fluoride is added to drinking water supplies in many states. People cannot see fluoride in the water because it a. turns into water b. settles to the bottom of a container c. dissolves to form a colorless solution d. is less dense than water so it floats

9. Some adult insects are unable to swim but are able to walk on top of water. What characteristic of water enables these insects to walk on top of water? a. pH b. surface tension c. solvent properties d. atomic bonds

10. Water dissolves many substances. This occurs because water has: a. surface tension b. polarity c. specific heat d. cohesion

11. The water quality of the Chesapeake Bay is measured by the Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Monitoring Program. Scientists measure the salinity, temperature, pH, and oxygen levels to help determine the health of the Bay. Healthy water also contains appropriate amounts of nutrients. Monitoring water quality helps communities make decisions about the Bay. Measuring oxygen levels of the Bay provides scientists with information about which process? A mitosis B meiosis C chemosynthesis D photosynthesis

The characteristics listed below can be used to describe some molecules. 1. inorganic 2. supplies energy and fiber 3. component of plant cell walls 4. part of DNA 5. made of nucleotides

12. Which of these sets of characteristics describes a carbohydrate? A 1-3-5 B 2-3-4 C 2-4-5 D 1-3-4

13. Which of these are the repeating units that form a DNA molecule?

F fatty acids

G nucleotides

H amino acids

J chromosomes

14. Which of the following equations is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

A) 602 + 6H20 + light energy = C12H606 + 602

B) 6CO2 + 6H20 + sugar = C6H1206 + 602 C) 6CO2 + 602 + light energy = C6I-11206 + 6H20 D) 6CO2 + 6H20 + light energy = C6I-11206 + 602

15. Which of the following equations is the correct one for the respiration equation? A) C6H1206 + 6H20 = Released energy (ATP) + 6CO2 + 6H20 B) C6H1206 + 602 = Released energy (ATP) + 6CO2 + 6H20 C) C6H1206 + 602 = Released energy (ATP)+ 602 + 6H20. D) C12H606 + 602 = Released energy (ATP) + 6CO2 + 6H20.

16. Which change in a sample of pond water could indicate that heterotrophic single—celled organisms were active?

(a) increase in oxygen level (b) increase in glucose level (c) decrease in oxygen level (d) decrease in carbon dioxide level

17. Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose? (a) diffusion (b) photosynthesis (c) respiration (d) active transport

18. Which statement best describes cellular respiration? (a) It occurs in animal cells but not in plant cells. (b) It converts energy in food into a more usable form (c) It uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen. (d) It stores energy in food molecules.

A biology class measured the pH of the water in four ponds. The data are recorded in the table below.

Pond pH

1 6.0

2 7.5

3 7.0

4 5.3

19. Which pond has the most acidic water?

F Pond 1

G Pond 2

H Pond 3 J Pond 4

Choose the graph that shows the optimum pH for this enzyme.

Time Time lime

pH= 5.0

What is the optimum pH for this enzyme?

A. pH = 5.0 B. pH = 7.0 C. pH = 3.0

A. pH = 9 B. pH = 10 C. pH = 11

20.

21.

22. What are the building blocks of lipids? A. Monosaccharides B. Fatty acids C. Amino acids

23. What is one main function of lipids?

A. To store and transmit genetic information B. Short — term energy use C. Main component of biological membranes

24. What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

A. Hydrogen B. Nucleotides C. Amino acids

25. What is the functional role of a nucleic acid?

A. To store and transmit genetic information B. Energy storage C. The main component of biological membrane

26. What are the building blocks of proteins?

A. Monosaccharides B. Fatty acids C. Amino acids

27. What is the name of the protein that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions?

A. Enzymes B. Fast proteins

28. Which of the following is a structural component of plant cell walls?

A. Cellulose B. Sturdy stuff C. Monosaccharides

29. What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

A. Nucleic acids B. Glucose C. Monosaccharides D. Carbs

30. True or false — Carbohydrates are used for short-term energy

A. True B. False

31. A researcher is testing the effect of acid rain on living organisms. She takes a tissue sample and places it in acid rainwater, which decreases its pH. As the pH decreases, what will most likely happen to the enzyme reaction rates in the cells of this tissue?

A They will increase. B They will decrease. C They will stay the same. D They will increase and level off.

32. A scientist believes that a factory has been dumping acid into a local river. To test this hypothesis, which property of water should the scientist monitor?

A pH B density C polarity D temperature

33. A dog gets many nutrients from its food including amino acids. Which of these can be built directly using the amino acids?

a. proteins b. carbohydrates c. lipids d. minerals

34. Catalase is an enzyme. What type of molecule is catalase? A. a lipid B. a protein C. a nucleic acid D. a carbohydrate

35. Striped fish are affected by biotic and abiotic factors in their environment. Which of these factors is biotic?

F water temperature G mineral nutrients H freshwater algae

J inorganic sediments

What temperature does the enzyme work best at?

nucleotide Iron&

Amylase is an enzyme that allows the human body to digest starch. Which of these diagrams best represents part of the structure of amylase?

fatty acid

nucleolld nucleotide

fatty acid nucleotide oculoildt

amino acid

amino add

amino acid

amino add

sugar

--I laity acid

Temperature = Temperature = 25°C 30°C 0 o

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A. 25°C B. 30°C C. 35°C

36.

37.

Kingdom Anitiialia

Kingdom Menem,

Early Life

Kingdom Plaultae

Kin g d om 'irttista

Unit 4: Cells and Cell Transport

What is a cell? Cells were discovered by scientist Robert Hooke when examining a thin slice of cork under a microscope. Based on the work of Robert Hooke and other scientists the cell theory was developed:

1) All living things are composed of cells 2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3) New cells are produced from existing cells

All living things are made of cells, the basic unit of life. There are two types of organisms, unicellular and multicellular. Unicellular organisms are single-celled organisms. Multicellular organisms are made of up of two or more cells and function using an organized system of cells.

Microscope A lot of what we know about cells is due to the piece of scientific equipment known as the microscope. A microscope functions by magnifying material that cannot normally be seen with the naked eye.

A basic microscope contains three objectives: 1) Low powered (4X). 2) Medium powered (10X) 3) High powered (40X)

Stage clip - holds slide firmly in place

Stage - supports slide

Iris diaphragm - regulates the light

Coarse focus - raises and lowers the stage for focusing

Fine focus - slightly moves the stage to sharpen the image

Power switch - turns the Illumination on and off Projection lens

Base - supports the microscope

Ocular lens - usually 10X magnifloation

Revolving nosepiece

Medlurn-power objective lens

High-power objective lens

Body tube

Low-power objeCtive lens

Arm - connects the base and barrel

The ocular lens is usually 10X magnification. So when viewing an object on low power it is magnified 40 times its original size, medium power is 100 times its original size and high powered is 400 times is original size.

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Cells can be classified as either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are very simple cells that contain only 4 basic ingredients: cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome and genetic material. They have no nucleus or organelles. An example of a prokaryote is bacteria.

Eukaryotes are much more complex. In addition to the 4 basic ingredients, a eukaryote also contains a nucleus and organelles.

Cell Organelles Cell Membrane — The Cell Membrane regulates what comes into and out of the cell. It also holds the cell together. Cell wall - found only in plant cells. It gives plants their shape and is rigid. It is made of cellulose. Nucleus — The nucleus of the cell is the command center. It is like the brain of the cell in that it tells the other organelles what to do. Has its own membrane called the nuclear envelope Nucleolus - within the nucleus (darkened region), creates ribosome subunits

061,0_ App

Nut:10011m Nuclear

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Centriole - helps in cell division Cytoplasm — Cytoplasm is a jelly-like material that surrounds the organelles within the cell. It supports and suspends the organelles and fills up the space within the cell membrane. Mitochondria — The mitochondria is powerhouse of the cell. It gives the cell energy. Chloroplast - Found only in plant cells, it contains chlorophyll to trap energy from the sun for photosynthesis Vacuoles — The vacuoles store waste and water inside the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum — The endoplasmic reticulum transports materials throughout the cell. Vesicles - package created by golgi apparatus Golgi Apparatus - packages materials that will be secreted by the cell Lysosome - contains digestive enzymes, breaks down materials brought into the cell Ribosomes — Ribosomes create proteins for the cell. Proteins are very important to the cell, and is involved in all major functions.

Cell Movement

Flagella - are long protein fibers that whip back and forth to help single-celled organisms move. Flagella are also found on individual cells in multicellular organisms like human sperm.

Cilia - are hair-like fibers that wave back and forth and allow movement in organisms like the paramecium.

Pseudopods - are extension of the cytoplasm. Often used by amoeba for motility. Cell Membrane Biological membranes are sheet-like structures composed mainly of lipids and proteins. All biological membranes have a similar general structure. Membrane lipids are organized in a bilayer (two sheets of lipids making up a single membrane). The proteins, on the other hand, are scattered throughout the bilayer and perform most membrane functions. Membranes are two-dimensional: both lipids and proteins are constantly in motion.

The fluid-mosaic model is our current understanding of membrane structure. It describes both the "mosaic" arrangement of proteins embedded throughout the lipid bilayer as well as the "fluid" movement of lipids and proteins alike.

The cell membrane has several important functions. The cell membrane is a barrier between the outside and inside of the cell. It allows some molecules to come in and other molecules to stay outside. The barrier is made from two layers of phospholipids. The second function of cell membranes is to allow certain substances to enter the cell. The molecules that allow this to happen are proteins, which require energy to function. These proteins are called transmembrane proteins because they go through both layers of the cell membrane. Another function is to allow cells to communicate with other cells or body systems. Messages are received by carbohydrates on the outside of the cell, and others are received by specialized proteins, called integral proteins, which are located on either the inside or outside of the cell membrane.

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Ins de of cell Prolmi (CytOpMSM) nh3L11901 1:1 i d bilayer

Transport Across Cell Membrane All the chemicals of life (water, macromolecules, etc.) must be kept in balance. This balance is called homeostasis.

Cell membranes function to help maintain homeostasis and balance by controlling what goes in and out of the cell. Movement of materials across a cell membrane can be broken down into two types: passive transport and active transport.

Passive transport is mediated by concentration gradients, and requires NO energy. There are two major types of passive transport: diffusion and osmosis.

1. Diffusion: Particles will move from where they have the most number (high concentration) to where there are less of them (low concentration). Particles will keep moving from high to low concentration until equilibrium is reached. Equilibrium is when the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane.

2. Osmosis: Movement of water across of membrane from an area of higher to lower concentration until equilibrium is met. Movement of water into and out of a cell is dependent on the concentration of water molecules.

a. Isotonic: equal number of water molecules on both sides of the membrane b. Hypertonic: more water inside the cell than outside, so water leaves the cell and the

cell shrinks c. Hypotonic: less water inside the cell than outside, so water enters the cell and it

swells/bursts.

(a) Hypotonic solution (b) Hypertonic solution 6) Isotonic solution

Net water gain

Net water loss

No net loss or gain Cell swells

Cell shrinks

Active transport is movement across the membrane that REQUIRES energy (ATP). Energy is required because molecules are being moved AGAINST the concentration gradient from low to high concentration. Active transport requires the use of proteins embedded in the plasma membrane to help move the molecules.

Unit 4 Questions

38. The cell theory states that new cells are produced from: a. nonliving material b. existing cells c. cytoplasm d. animals

39. A scientist removed the cell membranes from bacteria cells in a culture. She analyzed the cell membranes for specific molecules. Which of these was probably the most common type of molecule present in the bacteria cell membranes? a. lipid b. amino acid c.

nucleic acid d. carbohydrate

40. A scientist is performing an investigation funded by a company. Which of these would be least likely to produce biased data? F making the results please the company paying for the research G being open minded and honest throughout the research project H using only the data that supports the hypothesis J using personal opinions to decide the results of the research

41. Which of these describes the primary function of cell membranes? A They allow certain molecules to enter and exit the cell. B They allow all molecules to enter and exit the cell. C They do not allow molecules to enter or exit the cell. D They allow all molecules to enter the cell, but not exit.

42. The person who first used the term cell was a. Matthias Schleiden b. Lynn Margulis c. Anton van Leeuwenhoek d. Robert Hooke

43. Draw the structure of phospholipids found in the cell membrane and identify what parts are hydrophilic and hydrophobic. (3 pts)

44. Students are conducting an experiment to determine if sugars are present in foods. They heat a test tube containing a sugar solution in a beaker of water. Which of these is an unsafe laboratory practice in this experiment?

F heating the sugar solution in a closed test tube

G rinsing hands with water after handling the materials

H using a test tube clamp to hold the test tube

J wearing safety goggles while heating the sugar solution

45. HYPOTONIC ("Below strength"): a. Concentration outside cell is inside the cell b. More water enters than leaves cell so cell will

E

0

J

46. HYPERTONIC ("Above Strength): a. Concentration outside cell is inside cell b. More water leaves cell than enters so cell

47. Which statement regarding the functioning of the cell membrane of all organisms is NOT correct?

a. The cell membrane forms a boundary that separates the cellular contents from the outside environment.

b. The cell membrane is capable of receiving and recognizing chemical signals. c. The cell membrane forms an impermeable barrier that keeps all substances that might harm

the cell from entering the cell. d. The cell membrane controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.

48. Is the cell below a plant cell or an animal cell?

49. Label the organelles. Nucleus, Lysosome, Centriole, Endoplasmic reticulum, Vesicles, Golgi apparatus, Mitochondrion, Nucleolus, Ribosomes, Nuclear membrane, Vacuoles, Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm

F

50. Is the cell below a plant cell or an animal cell?

51. Label the cell the organelles. Plasma membrane, Nucleus, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus, Cell wall, Vesicle, Endoplasmic reticulum, Nuclear envelope, Vacuole, Mitochondrion, Plastids, Nucleolus, Chloroplast

F

B

A

52. Name the structure that converts sunlight into chemical energy.

53. Name two structures that help support the plant cell and maintain its shape. and

54. Name the structure that stores food or pigments.

55. Name the structure that converts food into energy.

56. Name the structure that manufactures ribosomes.

57. Scientists have found that the rate of division in amoebas is controlled. Scientists believe that the transition from stage 2 to stage 3 is slowed by proteins. The additional time seems to help the amoeba change coding errors caused during DNA replication. Specialized proteins control cell division in the amoeba. Which cell part is responsible for making these proteins? A mitochondrion B nucleus C pseudopod D ribosome

58. One way prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes is that they: A. contain DNA, which carries biological information. B. have a surrounding barrier called a cell membrane. C. do not have a membrane separating DNA from the rest of the cell. D. are usually larger and more complex.

59. Which organism listed is a prokaryote? a. protist b. bacterium c. fungus d. plant

60. Some cells can crawl with false feet called

61. Some cells can swim with a long whiplike extension called

62. Some cells can swim very fast with hair-like extensions called

63. One organelle that plants have and animals do NOT have is: a. Nucleus b. Ribosome c. Chloroplast d. Golgi apparatus

64. The membrane that protects the nucleus is called the a. Nuclear membrane b. Mitochondrion c. Golgi apparatus d. Cell membrane

65. The bacteria that live in the bodies of the giant tubeworms are classified as A eukaryotes B prokaryotes C plants D fungi

66. Read about each organelle. Then match each organelle to its function/description.

1. Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes. 2. Stack of membranes that packages chemicals. 3. Membrane that protects the nucleus. 4. Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell. 5. Sac filled with digestive chemicals. 6. Structures that converts nutrients to energy. 7. Passageways where chemicals are made. 8. Jelly-like substance within the plasma membrane. 9. Structure that manufactures ribosomes. 10. Structure that contains DNA and directs the cell. 11. Package created by the Golgi apparatus. 12. Small structure that synthesizes proteins. 13. Sac that stores water, nutrients, or waste products.

Cytoplasm

Lysosome

Mitochondria

Centriole

Endoplasmic reticulum

Vacuole

Plasma membrane

Nucleus

Ribosome

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Vesicle

Nucleolus

67. Prokaryotes lack: A cytoplasm B a cell membrane C a nucleus D genetic material

68. Which of the following contains a nucleus? A. prokaryotes B. bacteria C. eukaryotes D. organelles

69. A scientist discovers a new organism. In examining the organism under the microscope, the scientist sees that the cell contains a cell wall, nucleus, and ribosomes. The new organism is likely which of the following? A. prokaryote B. eukaryote C. bacteria D. none of the above

70. A healthy circulatory system is able to deliver excess oxygen and nutrients to cells. Which cell organelle requires oxygen to carry out cellular respiration?

A ribosomes

B nuclei

C mitochondria

D membranes

71. Data from two different cells are shown in the graphs. Which data table represents a plant cell? A. Cell 1 B. Cell 2

Cell 2

U, 60 • 50 40 - - 30 -C.) 20 — 10

0 0

Ce l Structures

Cell 1

O0 0

I / r rC

..R. 0 0

ck, "e6 10

Cell Structures

l-1 , .,..

72. A red blood cell placed in water will swell and burst because of the diffusion of: (a) salt from the red blood cell into the water (b) water into the red blood cell (c) water from the blood cell into its environment (d) salts from the water into the red blood cell

73. Hereditary information is stored inside the:

(a) ribosomes, which have chromosomes that contain many genes (b) ribosomes, which have genes that contain many chromosomes (c) nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genes (d) nucleus, which has genes that contain many chromosomes

74. Which organelle is correctly paired with its specific function?

(a) cell membrane—storage of hereditary information (b) chloroplast—transport of materials (c) ribosome—synthesis of proteins (d) vacuole—production of energy

75. Damage to which structure will most directly disrupt water balance within a single-celled organism? (a) ribosome (b) cell membrane (c) nucleus (d) chloroplast

Scoring Rubric / Success Criteria

Conceptual Understanding Total Points

Unit 3: Indicators 3.1.1, 3.1.2 and 3.1.3 39

One point for each part of each problem

Unit 4: Indicators 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 74

One point for each part of each problem

Total /113

QLM Quarter 2 Answer Sheet:

Unit 3 Questions (#1-37)

1) 2)

3) 4) Solute:

Solvent:

5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28)

2

30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37)

Unit 4 Answers

38) 39) 40) 41) 42) 43)

44) 45) a:

b: 46) a.

b: 47) 48) 49) a:

b: c: d:

g: h: i:

i:

50) 51) a:

b: c: d: e: f: g: h: i:

i: k:

52) 53) and

54) 55) 56) 57) 58) 59) 60) 61) 62) 63) 64)

66) cytoplasm lysosome mitochondria

centriole endoplasmic reticulum

vacuole plasma membrane nucleus

ribosome

_ nuclear envelope golgi apparatus vesicle nucleolus

67) 68)

69) 70) 71) 72) 73) 74) 75)

6