Animalia

multicellular, eukaryotic, no cell wall, heterotrophs, capable of movement, reproduce sexually, body symmetry (radial or bilateral)

9 Phyla- 8 invertebrate and 1 vertebrate

Invertebrate- Porifera Porifera- two cell layers, collar cells

w/flagella, filter feeders, ex. sponges

Invertebrate- Cnidarian Cnidarians- Stinging cells, radial symmetry,

simple nervous system only stimulus and response, central cavity only one body opening, ex. jellyfish, coral, hydra, sea anemone

Invertebrate- worms Plathyhelmenthes: flat worms, only one

body opening, three cell layers,ex. Tapeworm, Fluke, Planarian, Marine worms

Nematode: round worms, first with two body openings, 3 cell layers, many parasitic, Heartworm, Roundworm, Vinegar Eel

Annelid: segmented worms, two body openings, 3 cell layers, beginning of circulatory system, and digestive system (crop), ex. Earthworm and Leech

Worm images

Plathyhelmenthes Nematode

Annelid

Invertebrate Mollusk soft body, more complex body systems

developing, eyes and nervous system, levels of communication beyond stimulus and response

3 classes Gastropod (snails and slugs), Cephalopod (squid octopus cuttlefish and

chambered nautilus), Bivalve (oyster, clam, mussel, scallop)

Mollusk images Bivalves Gastropods Cephalopods

Invertebrate- Arthropod jointed legs, exoskeleton, body segments

(head, thorax, and abdomen), metamorphosis (complete or incomplete)

4 classes:Insect -6 legs (ant, grasshopper, beetle, bee,

wasp)Arachnid -8 legs (spider, tick, horseshoe crab),Crustacean -10 legs (shrimp, lobster,

barnacles, crayfish)Myrapods -many legs, centipede and

millipedes

Arthropod images

Invertebrate- Echinoderm

Characteristics: spiny skin, complex regeneration capacity, found only in marine environments, radial symmetry,

Examples: Sea urchin, Sand dollar, Starfish, Sea cucumber

Vertebrates- Chordata

Chordate notachord, complex body systems, sexual reproduction (internal or external fertilization) 5 classes:

FishAmphibiansReptilesBirdsMammals

Fish Fish, moist skin covered in scales, gills to

breathe, 2 chambered heart, cold blooded,3 types: 1. bony ex Trout, Salmon, Bass, Catfish,

Grouper, Tarpon. 2. jawless, ex. Lamprey and tunicates3. cartilaginous ex. Sharks and Rays

Fish images

Amphibian Amphibian, cold blooded, 3 chambered

heart, born in water, develop lungs, smooth moist skin, ex. salamander, newts, frogs, and toads (only dry skin)

Reptile Reptile, dry leathery skin with scales, cold

blooded, 3 chambered heart, amniote/terrestrial eggs, ex. Lizards, snakes, turtles, alligator, crocodile

Birds Bird, warm blooded, 4 chambered heart,

hollow bones, body with feathers

Mammal Mammal, warm blooded, 4 chambered

heart, milk producers, body with hair/fur Placental (live birth), Marsupial (pouch) ex.

Kangaroo, and Monotremes (egg) ex Platypus

Animal BehaviorsInnate:

1. Instincts- complex pattern of innate behaviors, reflexes, fight or flight, courtships, species recognition (language, song, flashes of pattern/light)

2. Territory- physical space needed for breeding, feeding, and shelter, organisms can expend a lot of energy defending territory some will fight to the death.

3. Migration- instinctive seasonal movement, response to a changing environment, includes hibernation (cold) and estivation (dry and hot)

Behaviors cont’d

Learned: Habituation- animal repeats a successful

behavior, and does not repeat an unsuccessful behavior, birds learn which moths are poisonous by color and avoid eating them after becoming ill or getting a bad taste. Deer return to the same grazing field when successful.

Imprinting – salmon and turtles return to same stream or beach to lay eggs in which they hatched, the environment left an imprint or memory

Adaptations for Defense: Mechanical- physical structures Chemical- stinging sensations, poisons,

bad taste, paralysis Camouflage- color or pattern that blend

into environment◦ Disruptive- ex zebra◦ Cryptic- ex chameleon and squid◦ Countershading- ex Fish have light belly and dark

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