mudejar style: the influence of islamic culture on traditional built environment of hispanic...
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Mudejar Style: The Influence of Islamic Culture on Traditional Built Environment of Hispanic America
Mudejar Style: The Influence of Islamic Culture on Traditional Built Environment of Hispanic AmericaProf. Dr. Hisham MortadaDept of ArchitectureCollege of Environmental DesignKing Abdul Aziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
The Collapse: The End of an Era, The Beginning of a New Era
The surrender of Granada to Ferdinand and Isabella, 1492.
Ferdinand and Isabella entering Granada, 1492.The Collapse: The End of an Era, The Beginning of a New Era
Moriscos: Muslims willingly or forcefully Christianized but remained Muslims in practice
Mudejares: Unconverted Muslims, lived as vassals to Christian monarchs. The Collapse: The End of an Era, The Beginning of a New Era
Alcazar, Seville Spain, 1362: Typical Islamic decorative elements combined carved plaster work, Arabic calligraphy intermixed with floral motifs and colored ceramic tiles in geometric patterns.
Mudejar Style
Alcazar, Seville Spain
Mudejar Style
Alcazar, Seville SpainMudejar Style
The Patio de las Doncellas, Seville, 16th century, revival of Islamic architecture, built during Christian kings
Mudejar Style
Mudejar Style
Mudejar Style
The Salon de Embajadores, Seville, 16h century, built during King Peter 1, late 15th-early 16 century, featuring Islamic arches, decoration, and colored ceramic tiles (named after Alhambra salon, Arabic calligraphy praises Allah and King Peter)
Mudejar Style
Casa de Pilatos, Seville Spain, 16th century: Constructed during Christian kings and featured Islamic decorative characteristics.
Mudejar Style
Madenat alzahra.
Mudejar Style
Alhambra, Cordoba.
Mudejar Style
The EscapadeJews directionMuslims (Mudajer & Morisco) direction.
The Escapade
Dohany Synagogue, BudapestOranienburger Strasse Synagogue, Berlin.
Spanish Synagogue, Prague
Churches for Civil Power
Further SouthSebastian Belalcazar, Ecuador
Beatriz La Morisca, PeruEstevanico (Esteban the Moor), Venezuela
Mudejar Style: Colonial Style/Neo Islamic Style Ornamentation Architectural Form Open Space
Ornamentation: Aretsonado ceiling
Alhambra, SpainIglesia de San Miguel, Gaudix Spain, 1589.
Cordoba Mosque, Spain
Ornamentation: Artesonado ceiling
Iglesia de San Miguel, Gaudix Spain
Ornamentation: Artesonado ceiling
Iglesia de San Francisco, Tlaxcala Mexico
Ornamentation: Artesonado ceilingIglesia de San Francisco de Asis, Tlabuelilpan Mexico, 17th century. The single nave is covered with variation of the Mudejar artesonado ceiling with elaborative carved vigas and elongated zapatas
Ornamentation: Artesonado ceilingEl Santurio, Chimayo New Mexico USA, 1816. The viga and zapata variation of the Mudejar artesonado ceiling were incorporated in the 17th through 19th century mission churches of New Mexico and later incorporated in the architectural vocabulary of the Pueblo Revival building of the 20th century
Ornamentation: Artesonado ceilingSan Diego de Alcala, 1774, USA
Ornamentation: Wood Details
Iglesia de San Francisco, Tlaxcala Mexico, 1662. Detail of alfarje and mocarabes ornamentation.
Ornamentation: MashrabiyyahLima, Peru.
Ornamentation: Mashrabiyyah
Lima, Peru
Ornamentation: Mashrabiyyah
Lima, Peru
Ornamentation: Minarets/Bell TowersLa Giralda, Seville Spain, 1198. Spanish Mudajer brickwork on former minaret, now Christian bell tower.
Ornamentation: Minarets/Bell TowersMunicpalidad, Lima Peru
Cathedral, Cusco Peru
Abssjuan Church, Mexico
Iglesia da San Francisco, 16th century, Santiago Chile
Cordoba Mosque, SpainBell tower, church of Nuestra Senora de la Asuncion, Arizpe Mexico 1750.
Ornamentation: Minarets/Bell Towers
Ornamentation: Adobe (atob/al-tob)Fountain at Chiapa de Corzo, Mexico 1586. Mudejar brick traditionDamascus Mosque.
A. Bin Tolon Mosque, Cairo
Fountain at Chiapa de Corzo, Mexico 1586. Mudejar brick tradition
Omar bin al-aas Mosque, Cairo
Ornamentation: Adobe (atob/al-tob)
Ornamentation: Azulejera/al-zulaij
Alhambra, Granada Spain.
Al-Boananyah School, Fez Morocco
Ornamentation: Azulejera/al-zulaij
San Francisco de Acatepec, Cholula Mexico
Casa de Azulejos (house of tiles), MexicoOrnamentation: Azulejera/al-zulaij
Dome of La Sociedad, Puebla Mexico, 17th century: Enameled timework or azulejeria
Puebla, Mexico City, Mexico
Ornamentation: Azulejera/al-zulaij
Pima County Courthouse, Tucson AZ, USA, 1929
Ornamentation: Azulejera/al-zulaij
Ornamentation: Alfiz/al-ifrizSan Diego de Alcala, 1774, USA
Mission church of San Antonio de Valero, Texas 1744, USA.
Huejotzingo, 1570, Publa Mexico
Franciscan monstery 1548, Caplan Mexico
Ornamentation: Alfiz/al-ifriz
Architectural Form: Floor PlanGlesia de San Pedro del Vaticano, Rome, 1450
De San Lorenzo, Milan Italy.
Architectural Form: Floor PlanTypical Spanish Mudejar church plans, 13th-16th century.
Plan, Cordoba Mosque, showing stages of enlargements, 784-987
Architectural Form: Floor PlanConjectural final plan of San Jose de los Naturales, Mexico City, 1563Conjectural rendering of the earliest version of San Jose de los Naturales, Mexico City, based on the description of Cervants de Salazar, 1554.
Architectural Form: Floor PlanBasilica de Santisimo Sacramento, Buenos Aires, 17th century
Architectural Form: Floor PlanCapilla Real, Cholula Mexico, 1544.
Cordoba Mosque, Spain
Omar bin al-aas Mosque, Cairo
Architectural Form: Floor PlanAlhambra, Granada Spain
Casa del alfenique, Puebla Mexico.
Al-Qaraween Mosque, Fez Morocco
Architectural Form: Floor PlanConjectural rendering of the earliest version of San Jose de los Naturales, Mexico City, 1554.
Architectural Form: Floor PlanIglesia y Convento de San Andres, Caplan Mexico, 16th century.
Cordoba Mosque, Spain
Open Space: Architectural Scale
Seventeenth century plan of central Mexico showing courtyard prototypes for houses
Courtyard house, New Mexico, USA.
Open Space: Urban ScaleDamascus, Syria
Istanbul, TurkeyBukhara, UzbekistanCairo, EgyptFez, MoroccoIsfahan, Iran.
Open Space: Urban ScaleOrganic Urban Fabric of Old Muslim City
Aleppo
BukharaCordobaDamascusCairoTunis
Open Space: Urban Scale
CordobaSevilleDamascus
Open Space: Urban ScaleLaws of the Indies town plan, Caracas Venezuela, 16th century.
Summary & ConclusionsDespite the termination of Islam as a ruling power of Spain during the medieval ages, its tradition remained as a culture for centuries to come not only in Spain itself but also the New World, America, where Spanish tried to forcefully implant its Catholicism. This has been exhibited in the survival of Mudejar architectural style that Mudejar or mixed Muslims, escaping the brutality of Spanish monarchs, transferred to Hispanic America. As a result, most buildings constructed in the 16th and 17 centuries in the New World featured architectural and decoration elements that were originally Andalucian. Fortunately, this Mudejar style has been preserved in several countries of South America due to local efforts that made this unique architecture a world heritage for humanity.
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