Mount EverestMount Everest

By Katie MaxwellBy Katie Maxwell

ContentsContents

1.1. What is Mount Everest?What is Mount Everest?2.2. Where is Mount Everest?Where is Mount Everest?3.3. How… How…

1.1. … … was it formed?was it formed?2.2. … … does it stack up?does it stack up?3.3. … … do you get to the top?do you get to the top?

4.4. Interesting FactsInteresting Facts1.1. Key DatesKey Dates

5.5. Survival…Survival…1.1. ……on Mount Evereston Mount Everest2.2. ……of Mount Everestof Mount Everest

What is Mount Everest ?What is Mount Everest ?

• Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world, it reaches up to 8848m. the world, it reaches up to 8848m. (There have been arguments about the (There have been arguments about the height).height).

• Or is it? Hawaii's Mauna Kea, though, Or is it? Hawaii's Mauna Kea, though, rises 33,476 feet (10,203 meters) from rises 33,476 feet (10,203 meters) from the depths of the Pacific Ocean floor. the depths of the Pacific Ocean floor. Measuring from base to peak, Mauna Measuring from base to peak, Mauna Kea is the tallest mountain on earth. Not Kea is the tallest mountain on earth. Not easy to climb from base to top!easy to climb from base to top!

• The first people to climb to the top of The first people to climb to the top of Mount Everest were Sir Edmund Hillary Mount Everest were Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay from Nepal. Hillary and Norgay reached from Nepal. Hillary and Norgay reached the peak on 29the peak on 29thth of May 1953. Hillary had of May 1953. Hillary had had many attempts to climb Everest. His had many attempts to climb Everest. His attempts were made in 1951 and 1952. attempts were made in 1951 and 1952. In 1953 he had reached the summit and In 1953 he had reached the summit and the queen knighted him for his the queen knighted him for his achievement and that is were he got his achievement and that is were he got his title “sir”.title “sir”.

This is the summit of Mt Everest

Where is Mount Everest ?Where is Mount Everest ?

• Mount Everest is found in Mount Everest is found in the Himalayas in Asia, the Himalayas in Asia, Everest is found in Everest is found in between Nepal and Tibet. between Nepal and Tibet. The Himalayas include The Himalayas include nearly 100 of the worlds nearly 100 of the worlds tallest peaks, is the worlds tallest peaks, is the worlds largest chain of mountains largest chain of mountains and it contains the world’s and it contains the world’s largest land peaks. In largest land peaks. In Sanskrit Himalayas means Sanskrit Himalayas means him: snow; alaya :home.him: snow; alaya :home.

Mt Everest

How was Mount Everest How was Mount Everest formed ?formed ?• 60 million years ago when 60 million years ago when

the continent Laurasia broke the continent Laurasia broke up in to lots of parts, India up in to lots of parts, India moved north of Asia then moved north of Asia then crashed. The seabed crashed. The seabed between the two plates were between the two plates were crumbled and pushed up to crumbled and pushed up to create the mountains of the create the mountains of the Himalayas around the Himalayas around the northern rim of India. These northern rim of India. These plates are still moving plates are still moving around 6cm every year around 6cm every year which forces the height of which forces the height of the mountains to increase. the mountains to increase.

How does Mount Everest stack How does Mount Everest stack up?up?

Continent Mountain Country and/or location

Height

Feet Meters

Asia Mt. Everest Tibet-Nepal 29,035 8,850

South America Mt. Aconcagua Argentina 22,834 6,960

North America Mt. McKinley (Denali) United States, Alaska 20,320 6,194

Africa Mt. Kilimanjaro Tanzania 19,340 5,995

Europe Elbrus Russia/Georgia 18,510 5,642

Antarctica Vinson Massif Ellsworth Mts. 16,066 4,897

Australia1 Kosciusko Australia 7,310 2,228

How Do you Get to the TopHow Do you Get to the Top• It’s easy – you follow the map!It’s easy – you follow the map!

North Ridge/North East RidgeThis Climbing route is shorter than the South Col route but above the north Cole the route becomes increasingly rocky and aggressive with severe winds.

South Col/South East RidgeThis is the most popular way up to the summit (it is also called the "yak" route) but should never be underestimated

South West Face Central CouloirFrom the Western Cwm, the route climbs the huge Y-shaped couloir, taking the left fork through the rockband

North Face - Messner VariantWhen Reinhold Messner made the first solo ascent in 1980, he climbed about halfway up the North Ridge, then traversed to the right to the Great Couloir

Did You Know?Did You Know?

• In Nepal Mt Everest is called In Nepal Mt Everest is called Sagawartha which means land of Sagawartha which means land of eternal snows and in Tibet it is eternal snows and in Tibet it is called Chomolungma.called Chomolungma.

• Mt Everest and some of its Mt Everest and some of its neighbours are so tall that they neighbours are so tall that they rise above cloud level for most of rise above cloud level for most of the year.the year.

• Mt Everest was named after Sir Mt Everest was named after Sir George Everest. Everest worked George Everest. Everest worked as a British surveyor.as a British surveyor.

• The Sides of Everest: are: The The Sides of Everest: are: The North Face, The South West Face, North Face, The South West Face, The East (Kangshung) Face The East (Kangshung) Face

Sir George Everest

Dates of InterestDates of Interest• Heights Recorded:Heights Recorded:

– 1852 1852 First Height Recorded: 29.002ft 8.839m First Height Recorded: 29.002ft 8.839m – 1955 1955 Revised Height: 29.028ft 8.848mRevised Height: 29.028ft 8.848m– 1999 1999 Revised Height: 29.035ft 8.850mRevised Height: 29.035ft 8.850m– 2005 2005 Revised Height: 29.017ft 2inches 8.844.43mRevised Height: 29.017ft 2inches 8.844.43m

• Interesting Climbs and ClimbersInteresting Climbs and Climbers– 1841: 1841: Sir George Everest a surveyor records the location of Mount Everest calling it Peak XV Sir George Everest a surveyor records the location of Mount Everest calling it Peak XV – 1859: 1859: Peak XV renamed Mount Everest to honour Sir George EverestPeak XV renamed Mount Everest to honour Sir George Everest– 1953: 1953: On the 29th May Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay become the first people to stand on the summit of On the 29th May Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay become the first people to stand on the summit of

Mount Everest Mount Everest – 1975: 1975: On the 16th May Junko Tabei from Japan became the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest On the 16th May Junko Tabei from Japan became the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest – 1978: 1978: Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler were the first to climb Mount Everest without any Artificial Oxygen on Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler were the first to climb Mount Everest without any Artificial Oxygen on

the 8th May the 8th May – 1986: 1986: Tenzing Norgay aged 72 passed away on the 9th May Tenzing Norgay aged 72 passed away on the 9th May – 1995: 1995: Alison Hargreaves was the first British woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest Solo and without any Alison Hargreaves was the first British woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest Solo and without any

Artificial Oxygen but later the same year died while descending from the summit of K2 Artificial Oxygen but later the same year died while descending from the summit of K2 – 1996: 1996: Jamling Norgay son of Tenzing reached the summit of Mount Everest on the 23rd MayJamling Norgay son of Tenzing reached the summit of Mount Everest on the 23rd May– 1998: 1998: Tom Whittaker from USA became the first disabled (has an artifical leg) person to reach the summit of Tom Whittaker from USA became the first disabled (has an artifical leg) person to reach the summit of

Mount Everest on the 27th May Mount Everest on the 27th May – 2001: 2001: Temba Tsheri Sherpa became the youngest person to stand on the summit of Mount Everest at the age of Temba Tsheri Sherpa became the youngest person to stand on the summit of Mount Everest at the age of

15 15 – 2004: 2004: 21st May saw Pemba Dorje Sherpa make a speed record of 8 hours and 10 minutes from base camp to 21st May saw Pemba Dorje Sherpa make a speed record of 8 hours and 10 minutes from base camp to

summit of Mount Everest  summit of Mount Everest  – 2006: 2006: Ming Kipa Sherpais the youngest girl at the age of 15 to reach the summit of Everest on the 24th May Ming Kipa Sherpais the youngest girl at the age of 15 to reach the summit of Everest on the 24th May – 2008:2008: Sir Edmund Hillary sadly passed away aged 88 on the 11th January Sir Edmund Hillary sadly passed away aged 88 on the 11th January

Survival on Mount EverestSurvival on Mount Everest

• Bad WeatherBad Weather– I f you were climbing on Everest the weather can quickly get I f you were climbing on Everest the weather can quickly get

worse and it will start to snow. Sometimes you can’t see and you worse and it will start to snow. Sometimes you can’t see and you will take a wrong turn and walk straight off a cliff. When this will take a wrong turn and walk straight off a cliff. When this happens climbers usually make a cave to wait till the weather happens climbers usually make a cave to wait till the weather calms down.calms down.

• ColdCold– When you get cold you’re body slows down and it is hard to When you get cold you’re body slows down and it is hard to

think. Climbers usually wear lots of thick layers to protect think. Climbers usually wear lots of thick layers to protect themselves from the cold.themselves from the cold.

• AltitudeAltitude– As you climb higher there is not enough oxygen to breath. To As you climb higher there is not enough oxygen to breath. To

ensure this doesn’t happen climbers carry oxygen bottles.ensure this doesn’t happen climbers carry oxygen bottles.• Climbing on snow and iceClimbing on snow and ice

– Snow and ice is hard to climb on because it is slippery. Climbers Snow and ice is hard to climb on because it is slippery. Climbers take crampons which are shoes with metal teeth. They also carry take crampons which are shoes with metal teeth. They also carry Ice Axes to help them climb higher.Ice Axes to help them climb higher.

Survival of Mount EverestSurvival of Mount Everest• The large number of trekkers and climbers The large number of trekkers and climbers

who visit Nepal and the Everest region who visit Nepal and the Everest region contribute to the local economy but also contribute to the local economy but also cause serious environmental impact. cause serious environmental impact.

• Although some climbing gear is recycled by Although some climbing gear is recycled by local residents, it is estimated that more local residents, it is estimated that more than 50 tons of plastic, glass, and metal than 50 tons of plastic, glass, and metal were dumped between 1953 and the mid-were dumped between 1953 and the mid-1990s in what has been called "the world's 1990s in what has been called "the world's highest junkyard." highest junkyard."

• Efforts have been made to reduce the Efforts have been made to reduce the negative environmental impact on Mount negative environmental impact on Mount Everest. The Nepalese government has Everest. The Nepalese government has been using a portion of climbing fees to been using a portion of climbing fees to clean up the area. In 1976, with aid from Sir clean up the area. In 1976, with aid from Sir Edmund Hillary's Himalayan Trust and the Edmund Hillary's Himalayan Trust and the Nepalese government, the Sagarmatha Nepalese government, the Sagarmatha National Park was established to preserve National Park was established to preserve the remaining soil and forest around Mount the remaining soil and forest around Mount Everest. Everest.

• It is so sad that humans can damage such a It is so sad that humans can damage such a beautiful mountainbeautiful mountain

SourcesSources

• www.answers.com/topic/george-everestwww.answers.com/topic/george-everest • http://wiki.answers.com/Q/When_did_Sir_George_http://wiki.answers.com/Q/When_did_Sir_George_

Everest_climb_Mount_EverestEverest_climb_Mount_Everest• http://library.thinkquest.org/J0111360/evhis.htmlhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J0111360/evhis.html• http://library.thinkquest.org/J002388/mountevereshttp://library.thinkquest.org/J002388/mounteveres

t.htmlt.html• http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0777282.htmlhttp://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0777282.html• http://www.teameverest03.org/everest_info/indexhttp://www.teameverest03.org/everest_info/index

.html.html• http://www.abc-of-mountaineering.com/articles/http://www.abc-of-mountaineering.com/articles/

e_routes.aspe_routes.asp• Mountain-Land ShapesMountain-Land Shapes• Mountains-Mapping EarthformsMountains-Mapping Earthforms