msppc rusty fruit pulp incidence dr.zainudin meon mardi
DESCRIPTION
Paper presented at Malaysian Society of Plant Physiology in Kuala Trengganu, Malaysia.TRANSCRIPT
Zainudin Haji Meon Horticulture Research Center, MARDI, P.O.Box 12301, 50774
Kuala Lumpur. ([email protected])
24th Malaysian Society of Plant Physiology Conference Innovative Plant Productivity and Quality
27-29 August 2013
PrinzPark Resort Terengganu, Malaysia
Jackfruit remained traditionally less important fruit crop in the 1970s and 1980s. Area 3,133 ha in 2005 to 3,559 ha. in 2010 with the production of 17,624 m.t to
19,516 m.t., respectively. The steady increase improved cultural management, varietal selection, post harvest handling, new market outlets and government initiatives.
In the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP), Agriculture National Key
Economic Areas (NKEA) and Entry Point Projects (EPPs) the government aims to double agriculture sector’s contribution to gross national income (GNI) and upgrading capabilities to produce fruits for premium markets.
Jackfruits has become one of the important fruits in the Entry Point Projects (EPP) besides, papaya (Eksotika), pineapple(MD2), rockmelons (KR ), starfruits (B10) and banana (Cavendish).
Early research in jackfruits
were focussed on pests and disease control
varietal selection
and recently minimally process studies in post harvest
.
However, fruit quality problems particularly rusty fruit flesh incidence occurred in some varieties.
There are three varieties commercially grown namely; Mastura (J35), Mantin (J29) and Tekam Yellow (J33),
the latter has mostly been affected by fruit pulp quality.
Sariah (1999) confirmed this disorder was not caused by pathological diseases such as Erwinia or Phytopthora
but due to nutrient imbalances. Reports showed that rusty
in fruit pulp of jackfruits occurred during wet spells.
The fruit pulp hardened and its flesh changed from yellow to brownish yellow that makes the fruit inedible,
ess crunchy, bitter, not visually
accepted to customers as such fruits are not marketable.
This has caused losses to growers and the problems still remained unresolved although jackfruit
has been considered a versatile crop.
The understanding of nutrient contents in both soil and plant as well as correct fertilization and agro-management procedures will help to reduce existing problems that could boost the jackfruit industry sustainability. Therefore, this paper will discuss nutrient content of rusty pulp incidence as to ascertain what elements that involved in this phenomenon.
Rust affected and non-rust affected CLEAN fruits of J33 variety were collected from Rofken Farm and Saujana Farm, respectively Lanchang, Temerloh, Pahang. The samples were then sent to lab and separated into different parts. The fruit flake (pulp), undeveloped perianth, pith and endocarp (skin) were oven-dried, grounded and stored at room temperature for nutrient analysis using autoanalyser.
Leave samples obtained from J33 trees were carried out from both farms for foliar analysis. Soil pH , conductivity and soluble P were taken at soil depths i.e. 15 cm (6in) and 30 cm (12 in).
Eight elements were analysed vizly; Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus
(P) ; Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca) , Magnesium ( Mg), Manganese (Mn), Boron ( B) and Zinc ( Zn). The standard of nutrient elements was based on SRM 1547: Peach leaves (NIST); SRM 1573a: Tomato leaves (NIST) (Certified Reference Material).
A complete randomized design was adopted and data was analysed using SAS procedures. A ‘T- test’ using “PROC TTEST’ method was plotted to test means significance.
Variety Tekam
Yellow (J33)
Mantin
(J29) Subang
Parameter
Fruit weight (kg) 15.11 22.69 18.12
Flake weight w/o seeds / fruit (kg) 7.77 11.03 9.18
Flake numbers 198 209 141
Recovery rate (%) 44.28 49.16 42.77
Percentage of rust (%) 38.46 0.00 0.00
Table 1. Fruit characteristics in three jackfruit varieties
Nutrient contents in non-affected and affected rust incidence in flake , perianth,pith and endocarp of jackfruits in J33 variety is shown in Table 2
Nutrient contents in two jackfruit farms cultivated with J33 varieties in Lanchang, Temerloh Pahang is shown Table 3
pH, conductivity and soluble P in two jackfruit farms in Lanchang,Temerloh is shown in Table 4
TAHUN JAN FEB MAC APRIL MEI JUN JULAI OGOS SEPT OKT NOV DIS Purata
% Buah yang
Bersaiz Kecil
(<10 k/biji)
2006 18.6 16.6 18.6 16.7 13.0 21.9 8.3 8.6 14.5 14.7 13.3 13.8 14.9
2007 9.7 13.7 25.7 21.6 25.5 28.2 15.6 12.8 41.1 17.1 11.1 4.7 18.9
2008 12.2 12.4 16.2 23.2 37.7 15.5 4.6 3.8 11.4 25.5 8.2 13.6 15.4
2009 14.7 19.4 19.7 4.8 11.2 8.2 9.2 13.4 9.3 19.0 12.4 12.0 12.8
2010 25.2 29.9 18.2 21.1 19.5 18.9 10.7 10.7 14.5 15.3 6.8 24.2 17.9
2011 19.8 16.1 24.9 28.6 0.0 13.6 6.6 21.2 22.9 22.7 15.5 15.9 17.3
2012 26.4 15.1 0 37.5 19.8
% Isi Karat 2006 16.9 8.47 13.3 9.8 11.3 14.2 7.83 2.65 15.2 26.3 7.5 36.0 14.1
2007 19.9 6.15 3.0 15.2 23.5 4.1 3.1 10.2 13.4 16.4 15.0 29.8 13.3
2008 30.8 20.1 18.3 2.6 2.5 2.5 4.1 4.23 3.5 4.97 8.7 4.1 8.9
2009 24.7 5.5 2.0 0.0 10.6 5.8 10 7.5 9.6 15.9 16.9 16.1 10.4
2010 14.37 14.1 12.0 14.5 6.1 6.6 7.38 14.55 12.4 12.3 8.9 33.1 13.0
2011 17.05 30.9 12.7 12.73 8.3 21.3 12.4 7.9 16.1 15.6 7.2 41.5 17.0
2012 17.0 15.1 20.0 16.7 17.2
% Ulas
Kecil/Nipis
2006 5.2 2.1 2.2 3.9 6.1 8.6 2.4 2.3 5.3 4.6 5.0 3.2 4.2
2007 4.5 1.7 0.9 4.7 7.2 2.3 0.3 2.9 4.7 5.2 12.5 9.5 4.7
2008 2.2 0.0 8.7 8.6 1.2 3.7 2.3 9.5 4.7 2.2 8.7 5.4 4.8
2009 5.3 4.4 4.1 0.0 2.7 3.5 3.1 5.0 3.7 8.4 12.3 6.5 4.9
2010 6.3 8.7 4.4 9.7 3.7 3.5 8.6 7.0 10.3 13.7 7.9 10.8 7.9
2011 10.1 6.7 8.5 8.5 8.3 10.6 8.1 4.8 7.6 13.3 6.8 10.2 8.6
2012 8.5 11.3 0 8.3 7.0
RUMUSAN LAPORAN KUALITI NANGKA
PPPTR APRIL 2012
Similar occurrence of pulp rust incidence in FELDA
KUANTITI HUJAN (MM)
Tahun Jan Feb Mac Apr Mei Jun Jul Ogo Sept Okt Nov Dis Jumlah
2010 72.7 73.2 25.8 193.7 229.8 387.7 215.3 91.8 201.7 70.0 241.9 327.0 2,130.6
2011 176.6 29.9 396.6 78.8 86.4 125.0 86.8 146.3 110.0 182.1 246.8 206.8 1,870.1
Rainfall data in FELDA PPPTR, Sg Tengi Pahang
Results showed that within the three varieties,
•J33 variety had 38.5% rust incidence compared to none both in Subang, and J29 (Mantin).
•However, fruit weight (kg), flake weight w/o seeds / fruit (kg), flake numbers and recovery rate (%) showed not much differences (Table 1). •Four elements were found to be significantly less in rust-affected flake namely; P, K , Cu and Fe except Mg (Table 2). •Rust-affected perianth also showed significantly less in Cu. While, both affected and non-affect pith and affected and anon-affected endocarp had no elemental differences. •At farm level, four elements namely; P, Cu, Al and Mn were found to be higher in Rofken Farm than • Saujana Farm al although Fe and Mn was found significant low.
Soil pH, conductivity and soluble P had no significant differences. Deductions could be made that rust-affected fruit flakes and the farms (Rofken) had common elemental uptake namely; P , Fe, and Cu. However, Fe showed singly consistent and significantly less in both in rust-affected flake and Rofken Farm. Therefore, it could demonstrated Fe is the main element that occurred ‘deficient’ in rust –affected fruit and at farm level.
Result Summary
Tekam Yellow (J33) has highest rust incidence compared to Subang and Mantin (J29)
variety as proven by earlier findings.
The edible portion of jackfruits i.e flake or fruit pulp was highly influenced by macro and
micro nutrients particularly P , K , Fe, Mg and Cu that might caused pulpy rust. However, inedible portions such as pith and endocarp were not influenced
nutrient uptake except perianth (Cu).
Fe was found to be the main element that occurred ‘less’ in both rust–affeted fruit and at farm level (Rofken Farm).
The uptake of nutrients is believed to be affected by environmental conditions like rainfall. More results needed to be sought as to ascertain strong relationship of nutrient imbalance between plant-soil in order to provide proper corrective measures and cultural practices to overcome rust incidence.
Conclusions
Acknowledgment
Mohd. Safidin bin Kashim and Dr.Rahman Milan for their collaboration work in this project.
This project was funded by Esciencefund Project No.RH5053SF10