msds presentation

ORIENTATION ON MSDS

Prepared & Presented By: Md. Moynul Islam

B.Sc. in Chemical Engineering & Polymer Science

Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet

Email: [email protected]: September 22, 2011

WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION

mailto:[email protected]

Training Objectives

To be familiar with Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)To understand the importance of MSDSTo be familiar with different MSDS formatTo be familiar with ANSI,NFPA, HMIS, HAZCOM ETC. ct To be familiar with the safety signs about chemical hazard

MSDS, HINTS FOR SURVIVAL

CONTENT

Definition of MSDS Importance of MSDS Standard Format of MSDS How to Read an MSDS

Part-A

Part-B Technical Terms Used in MSDS

Part-C Discussion

PART-A: Definition Of MSDS

A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a well organized document that contains all information about a given chemical.It includes name, composition, hazards, first aid measures, fire fighting measures, information regarding the proper steps to take with spills, handling and storage, personal protection to be used, physical and chemical properties, and information about stability & reactivity, toxicology, disposal, transporting, and regulatory requirements.

MSDS is analogous to the manual of an instrument/equipment. Just look at the manual of any household electronic item. What the manual contains? The manual contains the Manufacturer Identity, Technical specification, Operating Instruction, Maintenance or Trouble Shooting Instruction, Safety Instruction etc.

Every quality software must have well organized documentation or help desk which give all information about the software. This is also analogous to the MSDS. Just press F 1 key in your keyboard. You will get help supplied by the software producer.

PART-A: Importance Of MSDS

Please observe the picture carefully, then you will get a quick overview about the importance of MSDS. All necessary tools and guidelines are clearly defined in MSDS to response in an emergency situation

PART-A: Standard Formats Of MSDS

MSDS are available in different formats. Although the appearance are different but the contents are almost same. We will discuss on some of them which are most extensively followed by various industry.

OSHA FORMATANSI FORMATNFPA FORMATHMIS FORMATR & S PHRASES

PART-A: OSHA Standards For MSDS

The standards for MSDS specified by the Occupational Safety And Health Administration (OSHA) is organized in 9 sections. These are as follows:Section I : Supplier InformationSection II : Hazardous Ingredients / Identity InformationSection III : Physical and Chemical PropertiesSection IV : Fire and Explosion Hazard Data

Section V : Reactivity DataSection VI : Health Hazard DataSection VII : Precautions for Safe Handling and Use Section VIII : Control Measures

Section IX : Shipping Information

PART-A: OSHA MSDS (Example)

Section I: Supplier Information

Section II: Hazardous Ingredients / Identity Information

Section IV: Fire and Explosion Hazard Data

Section III: Physical and Chemical Properties

Section V: Reactivity Data

PART-A: OSHA MSDS (Example – cont’d)

Section VI: Health Hazard Data

Section VII: Precautions For Safe Handling and Use

Section IX: Shipping Information

Section VIII: Control Measures

PART-A: ANSI Standards For MSDS

The standards for MSDS specified by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is organized in 16 sections. These are as follows:

SECTION 01 : PRODUCT & COMPANY IDENTIFICATIONSECTION 02 : COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTSSECTION 03 : HAZARDS IDENTIFICATIONSECTION 04 : FIRST AID MEASURESSECTION 05 : FIRE FIGHTING MEASURESSECTION 06 : ACCIDENTAL REALESE MEASURES

SECTION 08 : EXPOSURE CONTROL / PERSONAL PROTECTIONSECTION 07 : INFORMATION ABOUT HANDLING AND STORAGE

SECTION 09 : PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIESSECTION 10 : STABILITY AND REACTIVITYSECTION 11 : TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATIONSECTION 12 : ECOLOGICAL INFORMATIONSECTION 13 : DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONSSECTION 14 : TRANSPORT INFORMATIONSECTION 15 : REGULATORY INFORMATIONSECTION 16 : OTHER INFORMATION

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 1 - 2)

SECTION 01 : PRODUCT & COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

SECTION 02 : COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION - 3)

SECTION 03 : HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 4- 5)

SECTION 04 : FIRST AID MEASURES

SECTION 05 : FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 6 - 7)

SECTION 06 : ACCIDENTAL REALESE MEASURES

SECTION 07 : INFORMATION ABOUT HANDLING AND STORAGE

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 8 )

SECTION 08 : EXPOSURE CONTROL / PERSONAL PROTECTION

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 9 - 10 )

SECTION 09 : PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 10 : STABILITY AND REACTIVITY


SECTION 11 : TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 12-13 )

SECTION 12 : ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

SECTION 13 : DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 14-15 )

SECTION 14 : TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SECTION 15 : REGULATORY INFORMATION


SECTION 16 : OTHER INFORMATION

PART-A: NFPA STANDARDS FOR MSDS

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed a system for indicating the health, flammability and reactivity hazards of chemical in a diamond shaped object called NFPA hazard rating diamond.

NFPA Hazard Rating Diamond

Fire Hazard

3Health hazard

0Reactivity Hazard

2

Special Hazard

OX

PART-A: NFPA HAZARD RATING



Fire Hazard

3Health hazard

0Reactivity Hazard

2

Special Hazard

OXNumbers show degree of hazard

• 0 = Minimal• 1 = Slight• 2 = Moderate• 3 = Serious• 4 = Severe

Colors represent kind of hazard• Red = fire• Yellow = instability• Blue = health• White = specific hazard

& personal protection




Fire Hazard

3Health hazard

0

Reactivity Hazard

2

Special Hazard

OX

White = specific hazard• OX = Oxidizer• ACID = Acid• ALK = Alkali• COR = Corrosive• W = Use no

water• Other symbols:


Health Hazards4 Very short exposure could cause death or serious residual injury even though prompt

medical attention was given.

3 Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt medical attention was given.

2 Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical attention is given.

1 Exposure could cause irritation but only minor residual injury even if no treatment is given.

0 Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible materials.

Health Hazard 31

Ox3

0 = Minimal1 = Slight2 = Moderate3 = Serious4 = Severe

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/irritant.html

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/combustible.html


Fire Hazards

4 Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily.

3 Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient conditions.

2 Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high temperature before ignition can occur.

1 Must be preheated before ignition can occur.

0 Materials that will not burn.

Fire Hazard 12

Ox3


http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/stp.html

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/air.html


Reactivity4 Readily capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or reaction at

normal temperatures and pressures.

3 Capable of detonation or explosive reaction, but requires a strong initiating source or must be heated under confinement before initiation, or reacts explosively with water.

2 Normally unstable and readily undergo violent decomposition but do not detonate. Also: may react violently with water or may form potentially explosive mixtures with water.

1 Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures or may react with water with some release of energy, but not violently.

0 Materials that will not burn.

Reactivity 12

Ox3


http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/explosive.html

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/decomposition.html

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/stp.html


http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/waterreactive.html

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/decomposition.html



http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/mixture.html



Special Hazards

OX This denotes an oxidizer, a chemical which can greatly increase the rate of combustion/fire.

ALK This denotes an alkaline material, also called a base. These caustic materials have a pH greater than 7.0

COR This denotes a material that is corrosive (it could be either an acid or a base).

ACID This indicates that the material is an acid, a corrosive material that has a pH lower than 7.0

W This indicates a potential hazard using water to fight a fire involving this material.


Special Hazards 31

W3

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/oxidation.html

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/chemical.html

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/combustible.html

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/base.html

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/ph.html

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/corrosive.html

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/acid.html

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/corrosive.html

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/ph.html

PART-A: HMIS STANDARDS FOR MSDS

Hazardous Material Identification System (HMIS) has developed a system for indicating the health, flammability and reactivity hazards of chemical in a Color bar called HMIS Color Bar.

HMIS Color Bar

Rating : 0 - 4

Rating : 0 - 4

Rating : 0 - 4

Letter : A - Z


Hazardous Material Identification System (HMIS) specified hazard ratings are almost similar to that of the NFPA rating.

HMIS Color Bar

Rating : 0 - 4

Rating : 0 - 4

Rating : 0 - 4

Letter : A - Z

Numbers show degree of hazard• 0 = Minimal• 1 = Slight• 2 = Moderate• 3 = Serious• 4 = Severe

Colors represent kind of hazard• Blue = Health• Red = Flammability• Orange =Physical Hazard• White = personal

protection


Hazardous Material Identification System (HMIS) specified Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) are as follows:

A safety glassesB safety glasses and glovesC safety glasses, gloves and an apron D face shield, gloves and an apron E safety glasses, gloves and a dust respirator F safety glasses, gloves, apron and a dust respiratorG safety glasses, a vapor respirator H splash goggles, gloves, apron and a vapor respirator I safety glasses, gloves and a dust/vapor respirator J splash goggles, gloves, apron and a dust/vapor respirator K airline hood or mask, gloves, full suit and boots L - Z custom PPE specified by employer

PART-A: R (Risk) & S (Safety) Phrases

Using R & S phrases is another shorthand form of MSDS, where the Letter R (say R1, R 1,12,14 etc) followed by one or more numbers specifying the Risk factor for a given chemical and the letter S (say S2, S11,12,18 etc) followed by one or more number specifying the Safety guidelines for the given chemical.

R (Risk) Phrase Example:R1 : Explosive When dryR12 : Extremely flammableR22 : Harmful if swallowed

And so on…

S (Safety) Phrase Example:S2 : Keep out of the reach of childrenS9 : Keep container in a well ventilated placeS39 : Wear eye / face protection

And so on…

Customized MSDS at COBOL

PART-A: Reading the MSDS

Identity The chemical name, trade name and manufacturers name, address and emergency phone number can be found here.

– Ingredients Includes: substance, % content, CAS (Chemical Abstracts

Service) Number, Classification, EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances)

– Hazards Identification Dangers for humans and the environment such as: Most important hazards & Specific hazards

First Aid gives instructions on what to do in case of eye contact, skin contact or ingestion

PART-A: Reading the MSDS(Cont’d)

– Fire Fighting Suitable extinguishing media, Unsuitable extinguishing media, Special hazards in fire, Required special protective equipment for fire-fighters

Accidental Release Measures/Spill Clean-up Personal precautions, Environmental precautions, Methods for cleaning

Handling and Storage

Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

Information on proper PPE to use, how to store and temperature limits


– Physical and Chemical Properties Appearance, Odor, pH, Boiling point, Melting point, Flashpoint, Explosive properties, Vapor pressure, Relative density, Solubility

– Stability and Reactivity Conditions to avoid, Materials to avoid, Hazardous decomposition products

– Toxicology Acute toxicity, Local effects. Excessive exposure may affect human health as follows: Skin contact, Eye contact, Inhalation/ingestion.

– Ecological Information Lists any

dangers to the environmentDisposal Lists any special disposal

methods


Transport Information lists codes indicating the dangers and the type of transport which may be needed

Regulations Lists any agency that may regulate this product

– Other Information Recommendations/restrictions, Sources of key data used to compile Safety Data Sheet

PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS

MSDS is a data bank which contains numerous technical and non technical information, keywords etc about a chemical. To understand the language of MSDS, one should be familiar with following basic technical terms/keywords which are frequently used in MSDS of all formats.

The three ways by which chemical can enter in our body:

1. Absorption (By Skin and Eye Contact): Skin and eye contact with hazardous chemicals can cause vision problems or blindness, burns, rashes, allergies, and other reactions. Some chemicals can even get into the bloodstream and poison you through the skin

2. Inhalation: Inhaling hazardous chemicals can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, unconsciousness, asphyxiation, even death. There is also a risk of damage to your lungs, throat or respiratory system.

3. Swallowing / Ingestion: Swallowing hazardous chemicals can poison you to damage your internal organs. If you forget to wash up before eating or smoking, you may swallow a tiny amounts of chemicals and eventually become poisoned.

How chemical can enter in our body?

PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS (Cont’d)

Acute Health Effect: An adverse effect on a human or animal body with symptoms that develop immediately and persist short to long period. As burning, sudden illness etc.

Chronic Health Effect: An adverse effect on a human or animal body with symptoms that develop slowly over a long time period and persist or that recur frequently. As cancer and other diseases, allergic reactions, or reproductive problems usually take a long time to develop.

Acute Exposure: Exposure of short duration, usually to relatively high concentrations or amounts of material.

Chronic Exposure: Continuous or intermittent exposure extending over a long time period, usually applies to relatively low material amounts or concentrations.

Chronic Toxicity: A material's property that produces chronic health effects (see above), usually resulting from repeated doses of or exposure to the material over a relatively prolonged time period. Ordinarily used to denote effects noted in experimental animals.

Carcinogen: A material that either causes cancer in humans, or, because it causes cancer in animals, is considered capable of causing cancer in humans.

Cryogenic: Relating to extremely low temperatures as for refrigerant gases

Ceiling Limit, C: The concentration not to exceed at any time. "An employee‘s exposure [to a hazardous material] shall at no time exceed the ceiling value" (OSHA).


Flash Point : Lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air near its surface or within a vessel and ignite momentarily but cant sustain the flame is called the flash point.

Flammable: Describes any solid, liquid, vapor, or gas that ignites easily and burns rapidly. Both NFPA and DOT generally define flammable liquids as having a flash point below 38ºC (100ºF)

Symbols for Flammable Gas or Liquids:


Combustible: A term the NFPA, DOT, and others use to classify certain materials with low flash points that ignite easily. Both NFP A and DOT generally define combustible liquids as having a flash point of 38ºC (100ºF) but below 93.3ºC (200ºF)

Spontaneously Combustible: A material that ignites as a result of retained heat from processing, or which will oxidize to generate heat and ignite, or which absorbs moisture to generate heat and ignite.

Symbols for Combustible and Spontaneously Combustible Materials:


Oxidizer: Oxidizer. The DOT defines an oxidizer or oxidizing material as a substance that yields oxygen readily to stimulate the combustion (oxidation) of organic matter. Chlorate (CIOI23), permanganate (Mn04), and nitrate (NO) compounds are examples of oxidizers. Note that they all contain large amounts of oxygen (0).

Symbol for oxidizer Symbols for Corrosive Symbols for Radioactive

Corrosive:A chemical that causes visible destruction of or irreversible alterations in living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact, or that causes a severe corrosion rate in steel or aluminum.

Radioactive: Substances may cause the source of irreversible radioactive chemical reaction emitting various harmful radiation.


Irritant: A chemical, which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.

Symbols for Irritant Symbol for Irritant Symbols for Explosive Material

Harmful:Substances in contact with human body cause acute or chronic damage to health. Especially carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic associated substances. There is a risk of sensitization by inhalation

Explosive: A material that produces a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to abrupt shock, pressure, or high temperature.


Toxic Substance:Any chemical or material that: 1) has evidence of an acute or chronic health hazard and 2) is listed in the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS), provided that the substance causes harm at any dose level; causes cancer or reproductive effects in animals at any dose level; has a median lethal dose (LD50) of less than 500 mg/kg of body weight when administered orally to rats; has a median LD50 of less than 1000 mg/kg of body weight when administered by continuous contact to the bare skin of albino rabbits; or has a median lethal concentration (LD50) in air of less than 2000 ppm by volume of gas vapor, or less than 20 mg/L of mist, fume, or dust when administered to albino rats.

Symbol for Toxic Substances Dangerous for Environment

Dangerous for Environment: Substances produce various things into aquatic and non aquatic environments causing the damage to the ecosystems.


Asphyxiant:A vapor or gas that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation (lack of oxygen). Most simple asphyxiants are harmful to the body only when they become so concentrated that they reduce (displace) the available oxygen in the air (normally about 21%) to dangerous levels (18% or lower). Examples of simple asphyxiants are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium. Chemical asphyxiants like carbon monoxide (CO) reduce the blood's ability to carry oxygen, or like cyanide, interfere with the body's utilization of oxygen.

Symbol for Asphyxiant Symbols for Carcinogen Symbol for Mutagen

Carcinogen: A material that either causes cancer in humans, or, because it causes cancer in animals, is considered capable of causing cancer in humans.

Mutagen: A substance or agent capable of altering the genetic material in a living cell.


PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit or OSH PEL): Established by OSHA. The permissible exposure limit (PEL or OSHA PEL) is a legal limit for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent. This may be expressed as a time weighted average (TWA) limit, short-term exposure limit (STEL), or as a ceiling exposure limit. A ceiling limit must never be exceeded instantaneously even if the TWA exposure limit is not violated. OSHA PELs have the force of law. Note that ACGIH TLVs and NIOSH RELs are recommended exposure limits.

TWA : Time Weighted Average is the average exposure over a specified period of time, usually a nominal eight hours.STEL : Short-Term Exposure Limit is one that addresses the average exposure over a 15-30 minute period of maximum exposure during a single work shift.CL : Ceiling Limit is one that may not be exceeded for any period of time, and is applied to irritants and other materials that have immediate effects.AL : Action Level is the exposure level (concentration in air) at which OSHA regulations to protect employees takes effect (29 CFR 1910.1001-1047)

PPE (Personal protective equipment):Devices or clothing worn to help insulate a worker from direct exposure to hazardous materials. Example include gloves and respirators.

TLV (Threshold Limit Value): A term used to express the airborne concentration of a material to which most workers can be exposed during a normal daily and weekly schedule without adverse effects. ACGIH expresses TLV s in three ways: 1) TLV TWA, the allowable time weighted average concentration for a normal 8-hour workday or 40-hour week; 2) TLV STEL, the short-term exposure limit or maximum concentration for a continuous exposure period of 15 minutes (with a maximum of four such periods per day, with at least 60 minutes between exposure periods, and provided that the daily TLV- TWA is not exceeded); and 3) Ceiling (C), the concentration not to exceed at any time.


Exposure Limit : The concentration in workplace air of a chemical deemed the maximum acceptable. This means that most workers can be exposed at given levels or lower without harmful effects. Exposure limits in common use are: 1) TLV-TWA (threshold limit value-timeweighted average); 2) STEL (short-term exposure limit); and 3) C (ceiling value).

ACGIH TLVs : Established by OSHA. The permissible exposure limit (PEL or OSHA PEL) is a legal limit for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent. This may be expressed as a time weighted average (TWA) limit, short-term exposure limit (STEL), or as a ceiling exposure limit. A ceiling limit must never be exceeded instantaneously even if the TWA exposure limit is not violated. OSHA PELs have the force of law. Note that ACGIH TLVs and NIOSH RELs are recommended exposure limits.

TLV (Threshold Limit Value): A term used to express the airborne concentration of a material to which most workers can be exposed during a normal daily and weekly schedule without adverse effects. ACGIH expresses TLV s in three ways: 1) TLV TWA, the allowable time weighted average concentration for a normal 8-hour workday or 40-hour week; 2) TLV STEL, the short-term exposure limit or maximum concentration for a continuous exposure period of 15 minutes (with a maximum of four such periods per day, with at least 60 minutes between exposure periods, and provided that the daily TLV- TWA is not exceeded); and 3) Ceiling (C), the concentration not to exceed at any time.


Toxicity Dose Terms LD50 and LC50:In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for “Lethal Dose, 50%”), LC50 (Lethal Concentration, 50%) or LCt50 (Lethal Concentration & Time) of a toxin, radiation, or pathogen is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration. LD50 figures are frequently used as a general indicator of a substance's acute toxicity.

Route of Exposure Conclusion / RemarksInhalation

Toxicity (Rat): LC50 > 5000 mg/m³ Minimally Toxic. Based on test data for structurally similar materials.

Irritation: Data available. Negligible hazard at ambient/normal handling temperatures. Based on assessment of the components.

Ingestion

Toxicity (Rat): LD50 > 2000 mg/kg Minimally Toxic. Based on test data for structurally similar materials.

Skin

Toxicity (Rabbit): LD50 > 2000 mg/kg Minimally Toxic. Based on test data for structurally similar materials.

Irritation: Data available. Negligible irritation to skin at ambient temperatures. Based on test data for structurally similar materials.

Eye

Irritation (Rabbit): Data available.

May cause mild, short-lasting discomfort to eyes. Based on test data for structurally similar materials.


Other Commonly Used Toxicity Dose Terms: LLD01 : Lethal dose for 1% of the animal test population D100 : Lethal dose for 100% of the animal test population LDLO :The lowest dose causing lethality TDLO : The lowest dose causing a toxic effect

Toxicity Comparison:In general, the smaller the LD50 value, the more toxic the chemical is. The opposite is also true: the larger the LD50 value, the lower the toxicity. The LD50 gives a measure of the immediate or acute toxicity of a chemical in the strain, sex, and age group of a particular animal species being tested. Changing any of these variables (e.g., type animal or age) could result in finding a different LD50 value. The LD50 test was neither designed nor intended to give information on long-term exposure effects of a chemical. Once you have an LD50 value, it can be compared to other values by using a toxicity scale. The two most common scales used are the "Hodge and Sterner Scale" and the "Gosselin, Smith and Hodge Scale". It is also important to know that the actual LD50 value may be different for a given chemical depending on the route of exposure (e.g., oral, dermal, inhalation)

For example, some LD50s for dichlorvos, an insecticide commonly used in household pesticide strips, are listed below: Oral LD50 (rat) : 56 mg/kgDermal LD50 (rat) : 75 mg/kgIntraperitoneal LD50 : (rat) 15 mg/kgInhalation LC50 (rat) : 1.7 ppm (15 mg/m3); 4-hour exposureOral LD50 (rabbit) : 10 mg/kgOral LD50 (pigeon) : 23.7 mg/kgOral LD50 (rat) : 56 mg/kgOral (mouse) : 61 mg/kg Oral (dog) : 100 mg/kgOral (pig) : 157 mg/kg

PART-C: Hodge and Sterner Scale

Table 1: Toxicity Classes: Hodge and Sterner Scale

Routes of Administration

Oral LD50 Inhalation LC50 Dermal LD50

Toxicity

Rating

CommonlyUsed Term

single dose to rats

(mg/kg)

Exposure of Rats

for 4 hours

(ppm)

Single application to

skin of rabbits

(mg/kg)

Probable Lethal Dose

for Man

1 Extremely Toxic 1 or less 10 or less 5 or less 1 grain (a taste, a drop)

2 Highly Toxic 1-50 10-100 5-43 4 ml (1 tsp)

3 Moderately Toxic 50-500 100-1000 44-340 30 ml (1 fl. oz.)

4 Slightly Toxic 500-5000 1000-10,000 350-2810 600 ml (1 pint)

5 Practically Non-toxic 5000-15,000 10,000-100,000 2820-22,590 1 litre (or 1 quart)

6 Relatively Harmless 15,000 or more 100,000 22,600 or more 1 liter (or 1 quart)

Back

PART-C: Gosselin, Smith and Hodge Scale

Table 2: Toxicity Classes: Gosselin, Smith and Hodge

Probable Oral Lethal Dose (Human)

Toxicity Rating or Class Dose For 70-kg Person (150 lbs)

6 Super Toxic Less than 5 mg/kg 1 grain (a taste - less than 7 drops)

5 Extremely Toxic 5-50 mg/kg 4 ml (between 7 drops and 1 tsp)

4 Very Toxic 50-500 mg/kg 30 ml (between 1 tsp and 1 fl ounce)

3 Moderately Toxic 0.5-5 g/kg 30-600 ml (between 1 fl oz and 1 pint)

2 Slightly Toxic 5-15 g/kg 600-1200 ml (between 1 pint to 1 quart)

1 Practically Non-Toxic Above 15 g/kg More than 1200 ml (more than 1 quart)

Back

PART-C: Gosselin, Smith and Hodge Scale

Back

Hazard Communication(HAZCOM):Requires chemical manufacturers and importers to assess the hazards associated with the materials in their workplace (29 CFR 1910.1200). Material safety data sheets, labeling, and training are all results of this law.

Engineering Controls:Engineering control systems reduce potential hazards by isolating the worker from the hazard or by removing the hazard from the work environment. Methods include substitution, ventilation, isolation, and enclosure. This is preferred over administrative controls and personal protective equipment.

Incompatible: Describes materials that could cause dangerous reactions and the release of energy from direct contact with one another.

Chemical Compatibility Chart:A chart which give instruction about chemical storage system. This chart contains possible reaction/effect while mixing two or more chemical.

PART-C: Chemical Compatibility Chart

1 Acids, Mineral, Non-ox idizing 12 Acids, Mineral, Ox idizing 23 Acids, Organic G,H 34 Alcholos, Glycols H H,F H,P 45 Aldehydes H,P H,F H,P 5

6 Amides H HGT 6

7 Amines, Aliphatic and Aromatic H HGT

H H 7

8 Azo, Diazo Compounds & Hydrazines H,G HGT H,G H,G H 8

9 Carbamates H,G HGT H,G 9

10 Caustics H H H H H,G 10

11 Cyanides GTGF

GTGF

GTGF G 11

12 Dithiocarbamates H,FGF

H,FGF

H,GTGF

GTGF

U H,G 12

13 Esters H H,F H,G H 1314 Ethers H H,F 1415 Fluorides, Inorganics GT GT GT 1516 Hydrocarbons, Aromatics H,F 16

17 Halogenated Organics HGT

H,FGT

HGT H,G H

GF H 17

18 Isocy anates H,G H,FGT H,G H,P H,P H,G H,P

G H,G U 18

19 Ketones H H,F H,G H H 19

20 Mercaptans & Other Organic SulfidesGTGF

H,FGT H,G 20

21 Metals, Alkali & Alkaline Earth, ElementalH,FGF

H,FGF

H,FGF

H,FGF

H,FGF

HGF

HGF

HGF

HGF

HGF

HGF

H,GFGT

HGF H,E H

GFH

GFH

GF 21

22 Metals, Othe Elemental & Alloys as powdersVapors or sponges

H,FGF

H,FGF G,F H,F

GT U HGF H,E H

GFH,FGF 22

23 Metals, Othe Elemental & Alloys sheets,

H,FGF

H,FGF

H,FG H,F 23

24 Metals & Metals Compounds, Toxic S S S S S S 24

25 Nitrides H,FGF

H,FE

HGF

H,EGF

HGF U H,G U H

GFH

GFH

GFH

GF U HGF

HGF E 25

26 Nitriles H,GTGF

H,FGT H U H,P S H

GF 26

27 Nitro Compounds, Organic H,FGT H H,E H,E

GFH,EGF 27

28 Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic, Unsaturated H H,F H H,E 2829 Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic, Saturated H,F 2930 Peroxides & Hydroperoxides, Organic H, G H,E H,F H,G H

GTH,FE

H,FGT

H,EGT

H,FGT H,E H E H,F

GT H,E H,G H,G H,EGF

H,PGT H,P 30

31 Phenols and Cresols H H,F H,G H,P HGF

HGF H 31

32 Organophosphates, PhosphothioatesPhosphodiothioates

HGT

HGT U H,E H

GF U 32

33 Sulfides, Inorganic GTGF

H,FGF GT H E H H

GT 33

34 Epox ides H,P H,P H,P H,P U H,P H,P H,P H,P U H,P H,P H,P H,P H,P H,P H,P U H,P 34

35 Combustible and Flammable MaterialsMiscellaneous

H,G H,FGT

H,FG

H,FGF

H,FGT 35

36 Ex plosiv es H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E E E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E 3637 Poly merizable Compounds P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H U P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H 37

38 Ox idizing Agents, Strong HGT

HGT H,F H,F

GFH,FGT

H,FGT H,E H,F

GTH,EGT

H,FGT H,F H,F H,F H

GTH,FGT H,F H,F

GTH,FE

H,FE H,F H,F

EH,FGT H,E H,F H,F H,G H,F H,F

GTH,FGT

H,FG

H,FG H,E H,F

GT 38

39 Reducing Agents, Strong HGF

H,FGT

HGF

H,FGF

H,FGF

HGF H,G H

GT H,F H,FE H,E H

GFHGF

HGF

HGF H,E H,E H

GFH,GT

GF H HGF H,E H,P

GFH,FE 39

40 Water and Aqueous Mix tures H H G H,G HGF

HGF

S HGF

GTGF

GTGF

40

41 Water Reactive Substances 411 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

<<<<<<Extremely Reactive - Do Not Mix With Any Chemical! - Extremely Reactive>>>>>

Chemical Group

CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY CHARTMd. Moynul Islam

Chemical Engineer

Modified from: EPA's Chemical Compatibility Chart, Apri l, 1980,A Method for Determining the Compatibil ity of Chemical Mixtures,

EPA-600/2-80-076.Please Note: This char is intended as an indication of the some hazards that can be expected on mixing chemical wastes. Because of the differing activities of thousands of compounds that may be encountered. It is not possible to make any chart definitive and all inclusive. It can not be assumed to ensure compatibility of wastes because wastes are not classified as hazardous on the chart, nor do any blanks necessarily mean that the mixture can not result in a hazardous occuring. Detailed instructions as to hazards involved in handling and disposing of any given waste should be obtained from the originator of the waste.

CODE & CONSEQUENCEH :H eat GenerationF :F ireG :Innocuous non-flmmable gas generationGT:T oxic G as formationGF:F lammable G as formationE :E xplossionP :Violent P olymerizationS :S olubilization of toxic substanceU :May be hazardous, but U nknown

PART-C: LD50 and LC50 Test Procedure

In nearly all cases, LD50 tests are performed using a pure form of the chemical. Mixtures are rarely studied.

The chemical may be given to the animals by mouth (oral); by applying on the skin (dermal); by injection at sites such as the blood veins (i.v.- intravenous), muscles (i.m. - intramuscular) or into the abdominal cavity (i.p. - intraperitoneal).

The LD50 value obtained at the end of the experiment is identified as the LD50 (oral), LD50 (skin), LD50 (i.v.), etc., as appropriate. Researchers can do the test with any animal species but they use rats or mice most often. Other species include dogs, hamsters, cats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, and monkeys. In each case, the LD50 value is expressed as the weight of chemical administered per kilogram body weight of the animal and it states the test animal used and route of exposure or administration; e.g., LD50 (oral, rat) - 5 mg/kg, LD50 (skin, rabbit) - 5 g/kg. So, the example "LD50 (oral, rat) 5 mg/kg" means that 5 milligrams of that chemical for every 1 kilogram body weight of the rat, when administered in one dose by mouth, causes the death of 50% of the test group.

If the lethal effects from breathing a compound are to be tested, the chemical (usually a gas or vapour) is first mixed in a known concentration in a special air chamber where the test animals will be placed. This concentration is usually quoted as parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per cubic metre (mg/m3). In these experiments, the concentration that kills 50% of the animals is called an LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) rather than an LD50. When an LC50 value is reported, it should also state the kind of test animal studied and the duration of the exposure, e.g., LC50 (rat) - 1000 ppm/ 4 hr or LC50 (mouse) - 5mg/m3/ 2hr.

PART-C: To be continue

This presentation is under development.

Most of the presentation materials of this presentation are collected from internet. This is not for any business purpose. I am just trying to arrange them for better learning. for any suggestion please reach me via

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]