msds - facts and figures from the eu and from eu member states

MSDs - facts and figures from the EU and from EU Member States Dr. Elke Schneider, European Agency for Safety and Health at Work

This presentation:

The Agency and its European risk observatoryThe problemRisk observatory data only some to stimulate debate: Women, young workers, healthcare, temporary agency workers, teleworkersIssues to be considered - conclusions

European risk observatoryProvide an overview of OSH/MSDs in Europe (no benchmarking or country comparisons)Highlight trends on OSH/MSDs outcomes and risk factors Provide early identification of newly emerging risks in the workplaceIdentify areas/issues where more information needed

http://riskobservatory.osha.europa.eu/

MSDs affectMuscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves in the back, neck, shoulders and upper/lower limbs The risk factors, working alone or in combination, include:physical - force, repetitive movements, vibration, awkward posturesorganisational - low autonomy/job satisfaction, repetitive work at a high paceindividual - medical history, physical capacity, age

Most common recognised occupational disease in Europe (% of total ODs , EODS 2002-2005. EU15, except Germany, Greece and Ireland)

Chart1

0.92190735540.81308228550.64708558720.4665760772

4.46486823824.69476838885.2297659375.0625909402

17.92471562718.390774643318.965168596120.9454178141

13.085411170713.896670792913.692432131812.7683113073

13.749184466614.472604078415.555330873114.3436068255

11.136640853310.72643168948.01147565857.0623744874

35.026806229334.661541468536.315150902438.0692408519

52.862167758852.979347188755.227238258958.9870008057

2002

2003

2004

2005

Graph

Total: percentage share of occupational diseases, 2002-2005. EU15, except Germany, Greece and Ireland

Total diseases, in % with respect to total

2002200320042005

Infections0.90.80.60.5

Cancers4.54.75.25.1

Neurologic diseases17.918.419.020.9

Diseases of sensory organs13.113.913.712.8

Respiratory diseases13.714.515.614.3

Skin diseases11.110.78.07.1

Musculoskeletal diseases35.034.736.338.1

MSD + carpal tunnel52.953.055.259.0

Total100.0100.0100.0100.0

MSDs + Carpal tunnelTotal: absolute number of MSDs and carpal tunnel sdr, 2002-2005. EU15, except Germany, Greece and Ireland

Total, in absolute numbers

2002200320042005

Carpal tunnel sdr12575140581496417395

Arthrosis of the elbow88908781

Meniscal lesions693694751672

Hand or wrist tenosynovitis10028112461162912962

Bursitis of elbow380338340485

Bursitis of knee1337126913471290

Medial epicondylitis1130140016701899

Lateral epicondylitis10658114941284014155

Arthrosis of the wrist3827070114

Total MSDs + carpal tunnel37271406594369849053

Female: Total diseases, in % with respect to totalFemale: percentage share of occupational diseases, 2002-2005. EU15, except Germany, Greece and Ireland

2002200320042005


Cancers0.70.60.70.8







MSDs + Carpal tunnelFemale: absolute number of MSDs and carpal tunnel sdr, 2002-2005. EU15, except Germany, Greece and Ireland

Female, in absolute numbers

2002200320042005











Male: percentage share of occupational diseases, 2002-2005. EU15, except Germany, Greece and Ireland

Male: Total diseases, in % with respect to total

2002200320042005


Cancers6.26.67.37.2







MSDs + Carpal tunnel

Male, in absolute numbersMale: absolute number of MSDs and carpal tunnel sdr, 2002-2005. EU15, except Germany, Greece and Ireland

2002200320042005











Methodology note on geographic coverage:

For incident occupational diseases the data are available for all old EU-Member States combined (EU 15) for the 1995 pilot data and for 12 Member States combined (Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Fin

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2005

Summary calculations

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Total

time2002a002003a002004a002005a00

N%N%N%N%

Infections6500.96240.85120.63880.5

Cancers31484.536034.741385.242105.1




Skin diseases785211.1823210.763398.058737.1


Total70508100.076745100.079124100.083159100.0


g560Carpal tunnel sdr12575140581496417395

m192Arthrosis of the elbow88908781

m232Meniscal lesions693694751672

m700Hand or wrist tenosynovitis10028112461162912962

m703Bursitis of elbow380338340485

m704Bursitis of knee1337126913471290

m770Medial epicondylitis1130140016701899

m771Lateral epicondylitis10658114941284014155

m931Arthrosis of the wrist3827070114

Women

Infections2421.12451.02741.11900.7

Cancers1460.71480.61860.72280.8




Skin diseases343715.6364415.1277411.125879.3


Total22013100.024166100.025022100.027808100.0



m192Arthrosis of the elbow

EU data Recognised occupational diseases by gender (% of total ODs , EODS 2002-2005. EU15, except Germany, Greece and Ireland)

Chart5

1.09935038391.01382107091.0950363680.6832566168

0.66324444650.61243068770.74334585560.8199079402

33.757325216934.109906480236.967468627639.5677502877

0.91309680641.11313415541.06706098630.83429229

4.20660518784.72978564933.82863080493.4774165708

15.61350111315.079036663111.08624410529.3030782509

43.63330759143.275676570445.15626248945.2819332566

77.340662335977.356616734382.09575573584.8245109321

2002

2003

2004

2005

Graph



2002200320042005


Cancers4.54.75.25.1







Total100.0100.0100.0100.0



2002200320042005












2002200320042005


Cancers0.70.60.70.8









2002200320042005













2002200320042005


Cancers6.26.67.37.2









2002200320042005













Graph

2002

2003

2004

2005


2002

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2004

2005

hsw_od_neds

2002

2003

2004

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2002

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2005

Total

time2002a002003a002004a002005a00

N%N%N%N%

Infections6500.96240.85120.63880.5

Cancers31484.536034.741385.242105.1




Skin diseases785211.1823210.763398.058737.1


Total70508100.076745100.079124100.083159100.0











Women

Infections2421.12451.02741.11900.7

Cancers1460.71480.61860.72280.8




Skin diseases343715.6364415.1277411.125879.3


Total22013100.024166100.025022100.027808100.0




EU data - MSDs (EODS 2002-2005)Trends:MSD + carpal tunnel sdr increased by 32% from 2002 to 2005 (by 39% among women) MSD + carpal tunnel sdr accounted for 59% of all recognised disease covered by EODS in 2005 (about 85% of all ODs among women)Focuses mainly on upper-limb disordersmostly three diseases: hand/arm tenosynovitis, epicondylitis of the elbow and carpal tunnel syndrome

MSDs occupational diseases data from Member States are variable, but indicate that it is an important issueUK- MSDs most commonly reported type of work-related illness, with an estimated 1,012,000 people affectedSpain: The number of MSD has fluctuated since 2000 between 12 884 to 20 489 (83,3% to 86,4% of the total of occupational diseases)Germany: The highest number of working days lost due to MSDs (2002: 26%, 2004: 24,3%)Poland: cases of vibration syndrome are the most common chronic musculoskeletal disease

Costs due to MSDs (source: eurogip)

Groups at risk - Trends in employment (2004 data)More than 66% of the workforce is employed in the services industryBiggest employers manufacturing industry (19%), wholesale and retail trade (16%), health (10%) and education (7%)In 2003, among the jobs created in newly born enterprises in that year, about 72 % were within services and 17 % in construction.Employment has also risen substantially in the elementary occupations and in service workers and shop and market sales workers

MSDs in service sectors increasingSpain - occupational diseases - MSDSource: Occupational Diseases File

Spain body part affected by MSDs by sectorSource: VI Encuesta Nacional (2006)

Spain, main postures at workplacesSource: VI Encuesta Nacional (2006)

Chart2

16.236.52818.2

52.531.742.144

6.215.77.720.3

4.610.54.514.5

Agriculture

Industry

Construction

Services

Sheet1

MaleFemale

Nape/Neck24.032.2

Shoulders10.010.7

Arms/Forearms12.511.4

Elbows1.51.2

Hands/Wrists/Fingers6.87.5Most frequent MSDs, by gender.

Upper Back25.229.6

Lower Back40.940.6

Buttocks/Hips4.64.4

Thighs1.21.0

Knees7.24.5

Legs12.716.6

Feet/Ankles6.06.7

Source: VI Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Trabajo, INSHT 2007

Sheet1

Male

Female

% workers

Sheet2

AgricultureIndustryConstructionServices

Standing, rarely walking16.236.52818.2

Standing, frequently walking52.531.742.144

Sitting, without getting up6.215.77.720.3

Sitting, getting up4.610.54.514.5

Sheet2

Standing, rarely walking

Standing, frequently walking

Sitting, without getting up

Sitting, getting up

Sheet3

Agriculture

Industry

Construction

Services

Gender dimensionactivities where the majority of the EU-27 workforce were women in 2006:textiles,clothing, leather + footwear manufacturingretail trade and repairhotels and restaurantsfinancial serviceshealth care and social work

Recognised MSDs EU data by gender (absolute number of MSDs and carpal tunnel sdr, EODS 2002-2005. EU15, except Germany, Greece and Ireland)

Chart1

5153582157216397

85848276

657662721621

5033586161136901

345312315307

1258119612571197

7338889871123

6617706478858748

351636488

20232219512314525458

2002

2003

2004

2005

Graph



2002200320042005


Cancers4.54.75.25.1







Total100.0100.0100.0100.0



2002200320042005












2002200320042005


Cancers0.70.60.70.8









2002200320042005













2002200320042005


Cancers6.26.67.37.2









2002200320042005













Graph

2002

2003

2004

2005


2002

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2005

hsw_od_neds

2002

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2002

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2005

Total

time2002a002003a002004a002005a00

N%N%N%N%

Infections6500.96240.85120.63880.5

Cancers31484.536034.741385.242105.1




Skin diseases785211.1823210.763398.058737.1


Total70508100.076745100.079124100.083159100.0











Women

Infections2421.12451.02741.11900.7

Cancers1460.71480.61860.72280.8




Skin diseases343715.6364415.1277411.125879.3


Total22013100.024166100.025022100.027808100.0




Spain Health problems of workers by body part and genderNeck ache significantly more frequent in women than men (32 vs.24 %)Base: Total of workers

Source: National Survey of Working Conditions (published 2007)

Chart3

2432.2

1010.7

12.511.4

1.51.2

6.87.5

25.229.6

40.940.6

4.64.4

1.21

7.24.5

12.716.6

66.7

Male

Female

% workers

Sheet1

MaleFemale

Nape/Neck24.032.2

Shoulders10.010.7

Arms/Forearms12.511.4

Elbows1.51.2

Hands/Wrists/Fingers6.87.5Most frequent MSDs, by gender.

Upper Back25.229.6

Lower Back40.940.6

Buttocks/Hips4.64.4

Thighs1.21.0

Knees7.24.5

Legs12.716.6

Feet/Ankles6.06.7

Source: VI Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Trabajo, INSHT 2007

Sheet1

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Male

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% workers

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Groups at risk women in manufacturing (EU data from EWCS 2005)

Health care sector, EuropeAbout 78% are female. + 10% from 2000-2006 in the EU-27 as compared to the total: 8.6% to 9.5 % of all workersWithin the female working population it has increased from 15 to 17%.About 3 % of the EU working population (or 6.8 million) are women who work in the health care sector and who have to lift or move people. In the health care sector, an estimated 6-7 million women lift or move people and 3-4 million report backpain

Health care workers carry more than construction workers (Germany, BAuA survey, published Nov.2007)2 in 3 have to carry heavy loads (compared to 1 in 2 for construction workers)93,8% have to do their work standing36% have to work in unfavourable postures (kneeling, bending, squatting, etc.)71% have to do more than one task at a timeMore than (76%) work shiftsMore than half work nights (51%)Almost all work Saturdays, Sundays and holidays (94%, 91,5%)

Groups at risk Women in the health care sector(EU data from EWCS 2005)

Health care workers carry more than construction workers (Germany, BAuA survey, published Nov.2007)57% men and 64 % women have back pain66 % women and 54% men have pain in neck and shoulders37% of the women have pain in the legs> 40% suffer from high emotional load (compared to 11 % on average)More than 1 in 4 feel that they hardly cope (27 vs 16.6 %)Twice as many as on average have sleeping problems (37% vs. 19%)

Groups at risk Young workersPhysically demanding tasks common among young workers which means that they are at considerable risk of developing MSDs. ES: > 75% newly declared occupational diseases of young workers in 2004 MSDsestimated 4 million young workers in the EU under the age of 25 have backpainBE: In a study of 716 healthcare and distribution workers (aged 25-29) 13 % had developped back pain lasting > 7 days within 1 year

Groups at risk young workers in manufacturing (EU data from EWCS 2005)

Vibration exposure notable for women and young workers (EU data from EWCS 2005 (for YW) and 2000/2005)WomenYW

Chart2

131995

818

9.213.9

EU15

NMS12

Overview tables and charts

2005

EU27NMS10NM2

Backache24.738.939.2

Muscular pains22.836.237

Stress22.330.430.9

Overall fatigue22.540.743.6

Well informed about H&S (well or very well)83.188.380.8

Work at very high speed (at least 25% of the time)59.651.557.3

Work to tight deadlines (at least 25% of the time)61.859.159.9

Bullying/harassment5.13.84

Unwanted sexual attention1.82.21.4

Tiring or painful positions (at least 25% of the time)45.546.457.7

Lifting or moving people (at least 25% of the time)8.14.89.4

Carrying or moving heavy loads (at least 25% of the time)353842.8

Standing or walking (at least 25% of the time)72.97176.9

Repetitive hand or arm movements (at least 25% of the time)62.361.574.9

Vibration (at least 25% of the time)24.230.125.4

Same charts, the first in columns, the second in bars

Overview tables and charts

000

000

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EU27

NMS10

NM2

Vibration over time

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EU27

NMS10

NM2

Manufacturing young and females

At least 25% of the time

VibrationChart data

19952000 (half of the time)2001200519952000/2001*2005

EU2710.1EU151389.2

EU151389.2NMS121813.9

NMS121813.9

NMS1013.8

NM214.2

Calculation 2005

samplefreq%

eu1565926079.2%Percentage of female workers exposed to vibrations at work (at least a quarter of the time) in the EU15 and the NMS12

NMS10379352313.8%* Data for EU15 are from 2000 and refer to 'at least half of the time'. Data for NMS12 are from 2001 and refer to 'at least a uqarter of the time'.

NM2101214414.2%No info available for MNS12 in 1995

NM12480566713.9%

Manufacturing young and females

00

00

00

EU15

NMS12

% share of young workers (

Temporary Agency work an example (Germany, SUGA 2006)Most of the jobs are in manufacturing, unskilled labour, eg. in construction, and service jobs, including retail and low-skilled office work increasing trend (x 3 1995-2006)About half of these workers have contracts with a duration between 1 week and 3 monthsWorking conditions of temporary agency workersMore standing (76% vs. 57%)More carrying of heavy loads (37 vs. 24 %)More unfavourable postures (19 vs. 16%)More noise, unfavourable climatic conditions, PPE useMore paced work (39 vs. 32 %)Less job control (31 vs. 25 %)

Temporary Agency work an example (Germany, SUGA 2006)Health problems of temporary agency workersMore:pain in hands and arms (32 vs. 22%)pain in legs and feet (29 vs. 22%)pain in the knees (25 vs. 19%)tiredness, exhaustion (48 vs. 43%)Less satisfied with physical working conditions (26 vs 16 %)training opportunities (46 vs. 30%)type and content of work (21 vs. 7%)opportunity to apply skills (24 vs. 13%)

Teleworkers - UK-horizon scanning Currently, 8% of the workforce are teleworkers.It is suggested that by 2015, 70-80% of workers could be, at least partially, working from a remote location. mainly increase in people working in different places using home as a base, rather than working from home, levels of which have remained relatively stable.

Points for consideration and discussionInclude groups normally not at focus of attention (young workers, women, temporary agency workers)Consider changes in employment patterns (move from industry to service professions, working at home, home carers, working from a remote location, temporary agency work, short-term contracts)Include workers on shift work, night and weekend work, and part-time workers working time patterns are changing!Include exposure to vibrations Detailed monitoring is necessary, and important, also to assess gender differencesLook closer at risks involving lower limbsAddressing the whole load on the body i.e. all the strainsTailor rehabilitation policies to include all groups

National policies - how Member States address MSDsExamplesUK-horizon scanning, issues for OSH: agency workers, use of keyboards and of mobile devices, increased wireless use (e.g. BlackBerry Thumb), Austria: 2007 programme and new OSH stategy: for health sector and transport assessment of MSDs risk factors, training of labour inspectors and development of tools to monitor exposure for inspection and for the enterprise levelGermany: OSH strategy has identified the decrease in MSDs as one of its main strategic goals

Where to find out more There is more help and advice on how to stay safe and healthy at work on the Lighten the Load website - http://ew2007.osha.europa.euAnd the MSDs Single Entry Point - http://osha.europa.eu/topics/msdsAnd the Risk observatory Webpage:

http://riskobservatory.osha.europa.eu/

Thank you for your attention!

The data refer to incident occupational diseases recognised for the first time during the reference year and to deaths due to occupational disease. The deaths due to occupational disease are included if the person died because of an occupational disease during the reference year, regardless of when the occupational disease had been recognised for the first time.For incident occupational diseases the data are available for all old EU-Member States combined (EU 15) for the 1995 pilot data and for 12 Member States combined (Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Finland, Sweden and United Kingdom) for the 2001 data. From 2002 onwards the data are available for the same countries, except Ireland. For the deaths due to occupational disease 2001 data are available for 6 Member States combined (Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Luxembourg, Austria, and Finland) and from 2002 onwards for 7 Member States combined (Belgium, Spain, Italy , Luxembourg, Austria, Portugal, Finland). The EODS methodology is being implemented in the New Member States and in the Candidate Countries with first data to deal with the reference year 2004.In general the private sector is covered by all national reporting systems. However some important sectors are not covered by all Member States. A pilot EODS data was collected for the reference year 1995 and the first annual data for the reference year 2001.Source: Cot et financements des maladies professionnelles en Europe, eurogip, Aot 2004, available at http://www.europeanforum.org/pdf/Eurogip-08_F-cost.pdfIn the EU27, more than 66% of the workforce is employed in the services industry (codes G to Q in the NACE classification); 29% work in manufacturing (codes C to F) and 5% work in agriculture (codes A and B). The biggest employers in the EU27 are the manufacturing industry (employing 19% of European workers), the wholesale andretail trade (16%), as well as health (10%) and education (7%)[1]. [1] Fourth European Working Conditions Survey, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2007, available at http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/pubdocs/2006/98/en/2/ef0698en.pdfWithin the

EU-25 in 2004, almost 130 million persons (66.9%) wereemployed in the services sector whereas only 36 million (18.7%) wereemployed in manufacturing. http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-NS-06-001/EN/KS-NS-06-001-EN.PDF 3rd bullet pt:Business demography: the impact on employment, Eurostathttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-07-049/EN/KS-SF-07-049-EN.PDFIn 2006 Agriculture + manufacturing + constrcution= 31.5%In 1996, agriculture + manufacturing + construction= 36.1%The difference amounts to about 8.5 Mio workers (185 Mio x 4.6%)

Eurostat European Business: Facts and figures - 2007 edition http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1073,46587259&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&p_product_code=KS-BW-07-001 http://www.mtas.es/insht/statistics/viencuesta.pdf, p. 75 Por rama de actividad (ver Tabla 63), son los trabajadores de la Agricultura, ganadera, caza y pesca losque ms sealan sentir alguna molestia (81,6%), seguidos por los de Actividades Sanitarias y veterinarias, ServiciosSociales (79,9%) y Qumica (79,4%).Atendiendo a las zonas del cuerpo ms sealadas, la parte baja de la espalda destaca, especialmente, enAgricultura, ganadera, caza y pesca (54,4%) y en Actividades Sanitarias y veterinarias, Servicios Sociales(49,6%).La nuca/cuello y zona alta de la espalda son motivo de queja, sobretodo en el Transporte y Comunicaciones(35,4% y 31,3%, respectivamente) y en las Actividades Sanitarias y veterinarias, Servicios Sociales(34,4% y 32,4% respectivamente).

Los brazos/antebrazos destacan en Metal (20%), en Agricultura, Ganadera, Caza y Pesca (19,5%) y Construccin(18,9%); los hombros en Qumica (17,3%); y las molestias en las piernas en el Comercio y Hostelera(25,5%). Considerando la ocupacin (ver Tabla 64), es el Personal sanitario, los Agricultores, ganaderos, pescadoresy marineros, y los Camioneros, repartidores, taxistas y otros conductores quienes mayores porcentajes demolestias manifiestan (80,7%, 80,4% y 80%, respectivamente).Destacan las molestias localizadas en la zona baja de la espalda en Agricultores, ganaderos, pescadores ymarineros, y en Camioneros, repartidores, taxistas y otros conductores (53,4% y 52,3%); as como las denuca/cuello entre los Empleados administrativos (42,1%).Los que trabajan en Otras ocupaciones propias de estudios medios o superiores y los Empleados administrativosson los que ms quejas refieren de la zona alta de la espalda (38,4% y 35,3%, respectivamente).Los que ms sealan molestias en brazos/antebrazos son los Trabajadores de la construccin y la minera;y en piernas, los Vendedores, agentes comerciales y dependientes y los del Servicio domstico, limpieza, cocineros,camareros y barrenderos (21,8% y 21,1%, respectivamente).

[1] [1] Calculated from Eurostat LFS employment statistics (Employment by sex, age groups and economic activity (1000)), see

Entsprechend klagen Erwerbsttige in pflegenden Berufen hufiger ber gesundheitliche Beschwerden als andere Beschftigte. Auch hier treten starke Unterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern auf: Insbesondere Schmerzen im Rcken (Pflegeberufe Mnner 57,1 % gegen andere Berufe Mnner 40,1 %; Pflegeberufe Frauen 63,7 % gegen andere Berufe Frauen 43,9 %) und im Nacken-Schulter-Bereich (Pflege M 46,0 % gegen andere Berufe M 37,0 %; Pflege F 66,3 % gegen andere Berufe F 57,1 %) werden berdurchschnittlich oft angegeben. Whrend Schmerzen in den Beinen bei weiblichen Pflegekrften deutlicher hufiger auftreten (36,7 % vs. 25,2 %) als in anderen Berufsgruppen, sind diese bei mnnlichen Kollegen etwas seltener (14,3 % vs. 15,7 %). http://www.baua.de/nn_5858/de/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2007/11/pm075-07.htmlIf MSDs do not respect age, they do not respect gender either. According to recent surveys, in the health care sector for example, an estimated 6-7 million women lift or move people and 3-4 million report backpain. Surprisingly perhaps, MSDs are not restricted to older male workers in manual jobs. Physically demanding tasks such as working in awkward positions, handling heavy loads, prolonged standing and sitting, and repetitive work appear to be common among young workers which mean that they are at considerable risk of developing MSDs. It is estimated that nearly 4 million young workers in the EU under the age of 25 have backpain. Percentage of female workers exposed to vibrations at work (at least a quarter of the time) in the EU15 and the NMS12

http://www.hse.gov.uk/horizons/precwrkreport.pdf HSE HORIZON SCANNING INTELLIGENCE GROUP SHORT REPORT FLEXIBLE WORKING AND EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS

http://www.hse.gov.uk/horizons/keyboards.pdfhttp://lasi.osha.de/docs/Presseinformation_GDA_ASMK.pdf

msds - facts and figures from the eu and from eu member states

Documents

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