Mrs. AguirreA Chapter 2

Classification

When you are looking for peaches at the market, you know exactly where to go.

Scientists need to do the same thing (organize) with living things so they’re

easy to find.

This process of grouping things

together is called

classification

Scientists classify for many reasons. When scientists discover a new living thing,

classification can show how the new living thing relates to others

All living things can be classified into one of five kingdoms

A kingdom is the largest group into which living things could be

classified.

Every member of a kingdom has some characteristics that are the same as those of other members.

For example, bacteria are monerans. Every moneran has only one cell, and the cell has no nucleus.

Most members of the protist kingdom also have one cell. However, each cell

does have a nucleus.

Fungi is a third kingdom- Most are many celled. Have

nuclei

They look like plants, but can’t make their own food like plants.

Plants and animals make up the other two. Every day you see

members of these two.

Forming Smaller Groups

Scientists studied living things in each kingdom to see how they are alike and how they are different.

They used characteristics to make smaller and smaller groups.

7 Major Levels of Classification

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. The two main kingdoms we think about are plants and animals.

Scientists also list four other kingdoms including bacteria, archaebacteria, fungi, and protozoa.

Classification for Humans

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: PrimatesFamily: HominidaeGenus: HomoSpecies: Homo sapiens

Ways to Remember Biological Classification

A good way to remember lists is to make up a sentence using the first letters in a list.

Here are some sentences:

Kids Prefer Cheese Over Fried Green Spinach.Koalas Prefer Chocolate Or Fruit, Generally SpeakingKing Philip Came Over For Good SpaghettiKeeping Precious Creatures Organized For Grumpy Scientists

The end of Lesson 1Now let’s read!

Chapter 2 Lesson 2

Animal Classification

What are some of the things we know about animals?

• Made up of many cells

• Can’t make their own food

• Need to eat other living things to survive

Backbones or not?

Vertebrates

Vertebrates are divided into smaller groups

Mammals

Reptiles

Amphibians

invertebrates

Anthropods

Mollusks

This is another way scientists divide animals

Vertebrates- backbones

Mammals- have hair and produce milk for their

young

Reptiles have dry scaly skin

Lizards, snakes, and turtles

Amphibians- moist skin and no scales

Invertebrates- no

backonesAnthropods- with legs

that have several joints

Often have shells to protect them

Insects make up the largest group

Beetles, bees

Spiders are not insect

Mites, crabs and scorpians have 8 legs

MollusksMay or may not have a

shells

Snails, clams and squids

Earthworms, tapeworms and flatworms belong to a

different group of invertebrates

Anmialsnot all have a backbone

almost all have a skeleton and muscles

Most invertebrates have a skeleton that is made up to something similar

to human fingernails that muscles attach to

Chapter 2 Lesson 3

Plant ClassificationWhat do we know about plants?

All are members of the plant kingdom

Plants have many cells and their cells have nuclei

Plants do not need to eat other living things to survive

They make their own food

Tubes or no tubes?

Tubes- Vascular

Tubes found in roots, stems, or leaves

No tubes- Non-Vascular

Moss

Water and nutrients enter through the roots

Tubes in the roots then carry this mixture to the stems.

Tubes in the stems carry this mixture to the leaves

There are other tubes that go from the leaves to the roots

Trees are another type of vascular plant

The stems of trees contain cells that are very woody or hard

The largest woody stem is called the trunk

The center of the trunk is made of hard, dead tubes called heartwood.

Around the heartwood is a ring of sapwood

The living tubes that carry water and food are in the sapwood

The outside layer is the bark. This is made of dead cells that protect the living sapwood layer.

Any plant that has flowers or cones is vascular.