mps 7: creativity
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MPS 7: Creativity. Donald R. Woods Chemical Engineering Department McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario Canada. MPS 7: Creativity. Def: ability to think up ideas. MPS 7: Creativity. Why important? 1. Needed often. 2. Needed when options are needed. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity
Donald R. WoodsChemical Engineering Department
McMaster UniversityHamilton, Ontario
Canada
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Def: ability to think up ideas.
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Why important?1. Needed often. 2. Needed when options are needed. 3. Needed when we want to see new perspective 4. Needed when stuck 5. Skill that many have been introduced to
through “brainstorming” yet that few really possess personally.
6. Skill & confidence can be improved.
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Where I’m coming from- Presented this workshop over 100 times in different
cultures & countries; high school, community, industry, university
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Pretest: Use an “x” to rate yourAwareness & Skill
Time 10 s Finish by _________
Objectives... Read over...
Time _____ Finish by _________
Pretest: Use an “x” to rate yourAwareness & Skill
Time 10 s Finish by _________
Objectives... Read over...
Time _____ Finish by _________
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Activity:As individual write out an interesting problem
you would like to solve.. Get great ideas for
TIME ____________
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MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativityThe BIG 4 rules for BS: DJ-AIG; BS-BOO
1. DJ Defer judgement. No criticism. 2. AIG ALL ideas good. Risking is OK. No foolish ideas
here; all ideas have potential!
3. BS Be succinct! Goal: 50 ideas in 5 minutes. Not “Let me tell you how my idea works”
4. BOO! Build On Others ideas. Piggy back on previous ideas. Not “But that’s there already!”
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Mechanics:•Record everyone’s ideas so that all ideas are
acknowledged; No ideas are lost. AIG and to overcome the shortcomings of STM
•Display ideas (via transparency) so that BOO•Use transparency; so that its easy to make
copies for everyone; someone doesn’t have to make sense out of a big chart.
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Example BSProblem: Company was trying to find an alternative way
of cutting canvass bags and pouring peanuts into conveyor.
Example BSProblem: Company was trying to find an alternative way
of cutting canvass bags and pouring peanuts into conveyor.
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“Judo, judo with knives on feet, hire kids to lick candy bags, dissolve the bags, rats to eat the bags, roast away the bags, mechanical cutter blade...”
• 7 ideas
“Lets see, have mechanical arms come & pick up the bag; then have rotating blades zap around and fly into the bag, the beans fly out and are caught in a fish net that is carried....”
• 1 idea
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Demo session: leaderUses of ________________________
TIME 5 min
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Ideas
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MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativityYou try groups of 6 Start with OBJECTS : Easiest and we need this later for
triggersActivity: Brainstorm uses of pen Group size 6 Facilitator ____________TIME 5 min
Then, complete feedback formReport total number and “most interesting”
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MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativityFeedbackTotal number most interesting idea
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Trigger: an event (comment, idea) that allows us to overcome a mental block and to start the flow of ideas again. A trigger is usually a word that overcomes:
.fixation
.negative feelings (I can’t think of more)
.silences
For groups, triggers can come from others.For individuals, must come from within.
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MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativityTriggers: used when the number of ideas drops
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MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativityExample use Triggers for Red brick Trigger: chemical whole +Silica... make red windows; make abrasive Chemical whole -It’s not Carbon... can’t breath it; can’t breath (what situations
do I know where can’t breath? In a room no oxygen, use brick to break window; can’t breath as a diver under water, use bricks as ballast for diver. Can’t eat it; but maybe something else can? Grind it up, mix with peanut butter and use it as poison for rats
Chemical parts + Silica = Si + Oxygen. Use as source to react with oxygen
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Puzzle: Which letter to the right of the vertical line is uniquely different from the one on the left.
H | a Ť B w X C o q ů
To solve this puzzle, you brainstorm the characteristics of each letter and cross compare.
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Activity: as group of 6 brainstorm characteristics of the letter B Facilitator: Surname second
TIME 5 min Draw line across thenwith same facilitator...Use triggersTIME 5 min
MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativityFeedback form Report Number of ideas & “Most interesting”Reflect:Summary:No. of ideas most interesting
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Why DJ works
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Activity: group of 6 BS Cards Facilitator is surname third TIME 5 min and .. Use triggers
Feedback formReport: total number
“Most interesting”Reflections: 2 min
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Research: Silences & Negative Feelings Silence: 5 s with no ideas These are expected. Action:“Let’s reread the goal.” “Let’s try Trigger........”
Negative feelings: “I can’t think of anything else.” “This is stupid.” “BS is BS.” “I’m finished.”This occurs, Action:“Let’s reread the goal.”“I want to & I can!”“Let’s try Trigger..........” Trigger “Craziest” idea
MPS 7: CreativitySituations Case 1: Lost my calculator; need it to solve a problem in next 5 minutes
Case 2: Important meeting with that I must attend at 7 pm. I had previously promised that we would have dinner together at 6:30 at a “Giselle’s Inn. It is now 6:14 pm and he/she has already left to meet me in the restaurant.
Case 3: You are at a party and an obnoxious twirp is hitting on you.
Case 4: I’m going for an important meeting and I can’t remember the name of the company Vice President who is going to be there. It’s 15 minutes before the meeting.
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Activity: as group of 6 Facilitator is Surname 4th consider Case ____ TIME 5 minThen draw line across; use Trigger “craziest”TIME 1 min___________________Feedback formReport Total number & “Interesting idea”
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No of ideas most interesting
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Research:During the last minutes of BS 80% of the ideas
are “junk”; 15% are “interesting” and 5% are “terrific”
It’s worth being crazy and having fun to find the gold.
We also can use the “junk” as a trigger to provide a “stepping stone” to give us gold.
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MPS 7: CreativityStepping stone: using an idea asa stepping stone
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Some Triggers10. Craziest11. Checklist12. “What if?” in the extremes; remove constraints13. Boundary-constraint exploration: focus on
the constraints14. Nature analogy: How nature does it15. Functional analogy: something else do the
same function
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#12. What if? Identify stated & unstated assumptions & criteria. Eliminate.
#13. Boundary. Explore impact of criteria
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MPS 7: Creativity#11: Checklist Eberle’s SCAMPER
SubstituteCombineAdaptModify, magnify, minifyPut to other use or use;
consider the PartsEliminateReverse, rearrange,
Shores’s CREATIVITY
CombineReverseEnlarge, magnifyAdaptTinier, minifyInstead of, substituteViewpoint, change in other
ways, rearrangeIn other waysTo other usesYes!
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Pull vacuum in deodorizer, open valve and powder should flow quickly into the deodorizer. None flows!
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Situations _______________Activity: For Trouble shooting case Group of 6 with facilitator Surname fifthlist 50 possible causes.Use any triggers you want.TIME 5 min
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Draw line across: Trigger #11: Checklist TIME 3 min
line across: Trigger #12: What if? Constraint __________ TIME 3 min
Line across: Trigger #13: Boundary explore ____________ TIME 3 min
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Complete Feedback form. Then:Total each set of ideas: and in each set identify
2 technically interesting & feasible ideas. Report number in each session and total; and
report on one “feasible” idea from each of last three.
TIME 3 min
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MPS 7: CreativityResearch: why triggers
workBrain lays down d-line patterns in
LTM that fade if the experience is not repeated and that become dominant if it is.
When we think of a typical problem, we enter the familiar d-lines close to that problem.
Triggers introduce us to LTM at strange, locations that are dominant for the trigger. Our task is to move along connecting d-lines or jump to other d-lines to connect up with our problem.
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MPS 7: CreativityExamplePatient Jane complains of
neck ache. MD does all traditional checks, tests. No idea. Notices a wart on big toe, removes it for cosmetic reasons. Pain disappears.
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ExamplePatient Joe. Complains
neck ache. MD does all usual tests. No idea. Notices wart on big toe. Asks if can remove it. Pain goes away
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Now sees 2 similar cases, adds new connecting d-line
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Triggers #14 – 16 AnalogiesTrigger #14 Nature does it• define Goal• How does Nature achieve this goal? Make idea similar?Trigger #15 Function• define Function• How else might get function? What other thing achieves this function?Trigger #16 Appearance• what looks like this situation/object• How else get this appearance?• What others have same appearance but different function?
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MPS 7: CreativityActivity: For case Gift executive coffee cup Cost about 10 X usual cup Group of 6 with facilitator Surname lastlist 50 possible options.Use any triggers you want.____________________________________• Draw line across: Trigger #14: Nature analogy • TIME 3 min
• line across: Trigger #15: Function analogy • TIME 3 min • Line across: Trigger #16: Appearance analogy • TIME 3 min
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MPS 7: CreativityActivity: continuing the trouble shooting case
________ Group of 6 with facilitator surname last Use triggers ________________________________________
and any other triggers you wish.50 more causes.TIME _________
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MPS 7: CreativityComplete Feedback form. Then:Total each set of ideas: and in each set identify 2 technically interesting &
feasible ideas. Your choice = _________________________Triggers _______ = _______________________Trigger _____________ = __________________________Trigger __________ = ______________________Report number in each session and total; and report on one “feasible” idea
from each of last three.TIME ________
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SummaryTotals Interesting-feasible
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MPS 7: CreativityWrite reflections TIME _________Discuss with neighbour 90 sec.
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Trigger #19 Book Title Capture the essence of the goal in the title of a best selling book.
Coffee Cup “Who drank out of my cup?”“Too hot to handle!”“Sex & a cup of coffee”“Roll up the rim”“Sugar, cream, stir?”“It’s much too cool for me!”“A dash of cognac with your coffee?”
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MPS 7: Creativity16. Appearance analogy: something else that looks same but
functions differently17.Symbolic replacement: replace original goal with an idea generated so
far.18.Morphology19.Book title20.Juxtaposition21.Personal analogy22.Reversal23.Particle, wave, field24.Fishbone25.Senses
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Activity: For Trouble shooting new case ; Group of 3 with facilitator Surname lastlist 50 possible causes. Use any triggers you want.TIME 5 min Draw line across: Trigger #17: Symbolic replacement TIME 3 min line across: Trigger #18: Morphology TIME 3 min Line across: Trigger #19: Book title TIME 3 min
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MPS 7: CreativityComplete Feedback form. Then: Total each set of ideas:
and in each set identify 2 technically interesting & feasible ideas.
Original BS 5 min_____________Trigger 3 min_____________Trigger 3 min________________________
Trigger 3 min_____________Report number in each
session and total; and report on one “feasible” idea from each of last three.
TIME 3 min Write reflections
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MPS 7: CreativitySummaryTotals Interesting-feasible
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Reflections: TIME 2 min
Discuss with neighbour 90 s
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MPS 7: Creativity• Triggers #20 Juxtaposition:• take three random words:
brainstorm properties of these and link them to the case problem.
• Example, take the word “clock”
• BS characteristics and try to relate to problem situation:
makes noiseruns downbatteryhave to windhas a facehandsnumbersRoman numeralsdigitalmeasures somethingtell personality: round vs square
watchesin many roomsstandards on radio
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#3 Kirton/RiskActivity :• as an individual complete and score Kirton or
Risk inventory.
• TIME 5 min
• Share information: complete• summary • Robust: your style does not change over the years.
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#3 Kirton inventory #3 Risk inventory
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MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity#3 Kirton/Risk So What? There is no best way; score robust; unchanging over years.32 – 86 Adaptive. Problems seen as defined & focus on doing things
better. New data into existing structures. Prefer structured environment; change causes greater stress.
86-110 work either as Adaptive or Innovative. Good as intrapreneurs.110-135 Innovative. Problems: focus on doing things differently,
minimize/forget the constraints. New data give new structures. Prefer unstructure. Enjoy change; sometimes difficult adjusting to ongoing organizational demands
>135 Have difficulty working for organizations. Prefer to be a consultant and being own boss.
All are valued and needed.
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#4 LASQActivity 3:• as an individual complete and score LASQ.
• TIME 5 min
• Share information: complete• summary • your style changes over the years. Part depends on
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Strategic:see qualifications as main reason for learning
find out details of assessment & try to impress teachers
competitive. Self confident & driven by hope for success
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Surface/ Memorize: rely on rote learningfocus on what is defined in the calendar & just
what teacher expectsmay lack self-confidence & have test anxietynot willing to seek relationships between ideas;
focus on facts
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Deep/Meaning:actively seek to link what they study to real lifeexamine evidence critically & use it cautiouslyactively relate new knowledge to previouswant to learn for its own sake
Effective = Strategic + Meaning - Memorize
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LASQ
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#4 LASQ, So what?Values change.Learn solely from lectures, then gradually shift
to surface learn.Learn via cooperative learning, PBL, values shift
to deep learning.
Prefer deep and/or strategic learn.
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#5 Perry, 2 to 5 Your attitude about your role in learning
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#5 Perry: data for university students
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#5 Perry, So what?Values can change;Want 4 to 5 when participate in PBL or for
lifelong learning
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#6 SDLRS gives feedback about your confidence in working as a self-directed learner.
Activity: complete and score the SDLRS inventory
This is a snapshot image of where you are now. Your numbers will increase; you will delight in seeing progress.
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#6 SDLRS, Total Self Management
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#6 SDLRS, So what?Values can be increased;Want to shift to high values on all scales.
Related to development of learning skillsMPS 12, 36
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#7 Alpert-Haber exam anxiety scale AATActivity: As individual complete the Alpert-
Haber inventory. Score TIME 10 min
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#7 AAT Debilitating & Facilitating performance on exams.
Want low on Debil; high on Facil
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MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity#7 AAT. It’s frustrating when your marks on a
test or exam are 5 to 30 marks lower than you know you know
Exam anxiety: related to study skills? NORelate to stress? YESSo what? If number > 60, visit MPS 5 and
implement stress management activities that work for you. I want to and I can!
Debilitation values can be decreased.86
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#7, Exam anxiety, what to do about it: use inventories to identify what might be cause of high
exam anxiety#10, Kellner-SheffieldK-S short term >18K-S long term > 14K-S self image > 15#12, Heppner avoidance of difficult problems > 55
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Self awareness Stress Tests#9, Annual change:
Holmes Rahe or Holmes Gmelch#10, Kellner-Sheffield
Daily stress: Shealy #13, Billings-Moos: how you handled stress#7, Exam anxiety
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#9 Activity: As individual complete #9, Holmes- Rahe; or Holmes-Gmelch index:Multiply each individual stress load by the
number of times that event happened this past Year ______ to ________
You want the total number. 0 to 1000
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#9 Holmes Rahe: Example data of annual stress experienced by students
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#9, Example data of annual stress experienced by engineers
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MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity #9, Holmes-Rahe Holmes-Gmelch , So what?
Feedback: Guidelines only. Don’t read too much into them
Depends on what you have experienced this past year. High values:
- be patient with yourself. You’ve been through a lot. The simple things aren’t easy to do.
- Be tolerant with self. Try some coping techniques
Low values:– others have been through a lot, be patient with them.. Could happen to you. – Try coping techniques in preparation.
Revisit MPS 5 Stress Management and MPS 17 Time management
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#10 Kellner Sheffield want low values
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#10, Kellner Sheffield inventoryResults: Want low numbers
Range Typical This yearShort term stress: 8 -32 13.5
Long term stress: 8 – 32 12.3
Self image: 7 – 28 12.1
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#10 Kellner Sheffield, So what?All values can be decreased.Revisit MPS 5 Stress Management and MPS 17
Time Management
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#11 Beck HappinessFeedback about attitude about lifeSo what?Values change, want values < 20Total score of • 21 - 25 minimal depression• 26-32 mild depression• 33- 35 moderate depression• 36-42 severe depression
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Problem Solving#12. Heppner: PSI confidence
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Heppner, Problem Solving confidenceadults, college students, n = 148 Effectiveness of training
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#11 Heppner, So what?Confidence in your ability to solve problems.Values change to lower values via workshops.Avoidance: focus on positively working on
difficult problemsConfidence in PS skill; check the list of target
behaviours from MPS 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
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#13. Billings-Moos: Problem solving skill problem
avoidance
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MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity#13 Billings Moos, skill, So what?Want high values for problem solvingWant low values for problem avoidanceValues change with training, MPS program
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#13 Billings MoosProblem Avoidance is an element of both
Heppner and Billings Moos. Are they measuring the same thing?No, they do not correlate.Heppner is about attitude and confidence.Billings Moos is about performance & actual skill
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#13 Billings Moos, So what? Moos is about skill; Heppner is about attitude
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#15. Basadur, enjoys ideation, want high values Before & after 8 h training, N = 32, 28, 196
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#15 Basadur, prefer to judge, want low values,
Before & after 8 hour workshop
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Team work#16. Shutz’s FIRO-B, Form, storm, norm,
performThis inventory gives feedback about your
attitudes related to the Form, Storm and Perform stages of group/team work
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#16 FIRO-B
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#16, FIRO B high numbers show preference; norms given
MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity#16, FIRO B, So what?Values range from 0 to 9 in each; 4-5 handle either; 6-7
or 2-3 = noticeable ; 8-9 or 0-1 suggests very strong tendency.
Affection tendency is more important than control &, in turn, is more important than inclusion.
Social Interaction index =Total is from 0 – 54; higher values suggest more likely to be outgoing, friendly and gregarious; low suggests reserved and shy.
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MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity#16, FIRO-B, So what?Ratio of expressed/ wanted should = 1If ratio is very high or very low, suggests
frustration and conflict. Example, control = 0/9 suggests want to be
involved socially but unskilled & uncomfortable expressing this. May be very sensitive to being left out.
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#17 Johnson, preferred approach in dealing with conflict. Higher numbers show preference and ease
Nurses N = 88 Engineers, managers N = 43
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#17 Johnson conflict. So what?All 5 approaches are needed: example
Accosted by a drunk… withdrawHouse on fire… force kids out of house.
Ease with which you can use the approach is suggested by ratings.
Use MPS 45 to train when to use each style.
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MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: Creativity#17. Johnson’s conflict extend to difficult
behaviours
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MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativitySo what?For problem solving:Heppner PS for confidence; Moos PS, for skillWork tough problems: Heppner Avoid for confidence; Moos, for skillBreadth of issues in defining problems: TF & SNMaking decisions & trouble shooting: PJGroup problem solving: FIRO-B and IE ; KAI, conflict Manage emotions: FIRO-B, KS, Beck, Holmes Rahe, Rotter &
Heppner control
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MPS 7: CreativityMPS 7: CreativitySo what?For learning: SN & TF, Perry, LASQ, AAT, SDLRSFor creativity: skill, Basadur; how apply, KAIFor conflict: Johnson, SN, TF
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SummaryReturn to pretest: Use a circle to summarize your
rating of yourAwarenessSkillTime 10 s _________________________________________The Objectives are:...
SummaryReturn to pretest: Use a circle to summarize your
rating of yourAwarenessSkillTime 10 s _________________________________________The Objectives are:...
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DISCOVERY
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