NUTRACEUTICAL STUDIES IN MORINDA CITRIFOLIA LINN-FRUIT

S.ANBAZAHAN

M.PHIL SCHOLAR

RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, BHARATH COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT,

THANJAVUR-613 005, TAMIL NADU, INDIA. 

 

 INTRODUCTION

Noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn) commonly called as Indian Mulberry. Morinda citrifolia Linn is used as a raw material for Nutraceuticals and functional food products.

Nutraceuticals and Functional Food (NFF) products are increasingly becoming health products of choice.

Nutraceuticals offers medical or health benefits to the consumer by providing means for the maintenance of health and well being and protection from disease.

On the other hand a functional food provides the body with the required amounts of vitamins, fats, protein, carbohydrates and many other compounds that are needed for its survival.

There are more than 120 Nutraceuticals compounds identified in Noni.

Recently Noni juice extract has been commercially processed and distributed internationally as a dietary supplement. Noni has been used in folk medicine for over 2000 years, it’s every part i.e. roots, stem, bark, leave, flower and fruit are utilized in various combinations for herbal remedies.

TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA

Kingdom : Plantae-Plants Subkingdom : Tracheobonta-Vascular plants Super division : Spermatophyta-Seed plants Division : Magnoliophyta-Flowering plants Class : Magnoliopsida-Dicotylidons Subclass : Asteridae Order : Rubiales Family : Rubiacae-Madder family Genus : Morinda L-Morinda Species : Morinda citrifolia-Indian Mulberry

NUTRACEUTICALAbout 2000 years ago, Hippocrates correctly emphasized “Let food be your medicine and medicine be yourfood".

The term “Nutraceutical” was first coined by Dr. Stephen L. Defelice as a product isolated or purified from foods and sold in medicinal forms. They have physiological benefits” Nutraceutical is a term combination of two words. Nutrition Pharmaceutical

Nutraceutical are provides that food product are health as well as medical benefits; including in the prevention and treatment of disease. Antioxidants and Phytochemicals are two specific types of Nutraceutical. Research has proved that foods with Phytochemicals may help to provide protection from some diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension.

Dietary supplements, herbals and Nutrients are major constituents of Nutraceutical which make them instrumental in maintaining health, act against various disease conditions and thus promote the quality of life.

CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRACEUTICAL

A substances with established nutritional functions, such as amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins– Nutrients.

Herbs or botanical products as concentrates and extracts– Herbals.

The reagents derived from some other sources (e.g. chondroitin sulphate, pyruvate, steroid hormone precursors) serving specific functions, such as meal replacements, sports nutrition and weight-loss supplements–Dietary supplements.

MEDICINAL USES OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA

Arthritis (Joint Mobility, Stiffness & Joint Health) Asthma (Respiratory Problems) Blemishes (Acne, Eczema, Psoriasis & Rosacea) Brocken bone (Healing) Cancers (Immune System) Diabetes (High Blood Pressure) Headaches (Migraines)

MEDICINAL USES OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA

Hair Loss & Impotency Immune system failure (Aids & Viruses) Indigestion (Constipation, Parasites & Diarrhea) Infection & Viruses (Immune System) Malignancies (Tumors) Pain (Menstrual Cramping, Child Birth) Toothache (Gum Disease)

IMPROVED RELIEFBreathing Mental clarityMuscle development Sexual enjoymentDigestionEnergy levels  Feeling of wellbeing Sleep

Pain  DepressionStress Fatigue  Allergy Obesity  Senility  Smoking  Drug addiction

DOCTORS AND PEOPLE WHO HAVE TAKEN NONI HAVE REPORTED

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

AIM The aim of study was to understand the nutritional profile of Morinda citrifolia Linn-Fruit.

OBJECTIVESQuantitative Analysis Mineral Analysis1.Macro nutrients

2.Micro nutrients

Proximate Analysis1. Determination of total carbohydrate by Anthrone

method

2.Estimation of total protein by Lowry’s method

3.Estimation of crude fiber by AOAC method

4.Determination of ash content by AOAC method

5.Vitamin C content Amino Acids 1.Essential amino acids

2.Non-essential amino acids

 

MATERIALS AND METHODSCollection and Identification of Plant Material

The fruits of Morinda citrifolia were collected during the month of March-2014 from Tamilnadu Agricultural university Botanical Garden, Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu, India. The plant was taxonomic identified and confirmed from the Botanical Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Coimbatore, and Tamilnadu (BSI/SRC/5/23/2013-14/Tech/2041). The fresh fruits were washed under running tap water to remove the surface pollutants and were shade dried at room temperature. Then, they were homogenized into fine powder using mixer and used for further studies.

MINERAL ANALYSIS

The phosphorus content was determined using stannous method by Spectrophotometric measurements. The Sulphur content was determined using outline of the Barium chloride method.

The Nitrogen content was quantified using titration after digestion whereas Calcium and Magnesium content were measured by titration procedures. The Potassium and Molybdenum content was estimated using flame photometer upon wet digestion of the sample.

Amounts of the remaining mineral constituents such as manganese, iron, copper, zinc and boron were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

PROXIMATE ANALYSISThe total carbohydrates and total proteins were estimated by Anthrone method and Lowry’s method. Crude fiber and ash content of Morinda citrifolia fruits were estimated by AOAC methods. Moreover vitamin C was analyzed by titration method.

AOAC-(Association of Official Analytical Chemists)

AMINO ACIDSAmino acids in the fruit of Morinda Citrifolia were determined by OPA deviation using HPLC technique.

OPA -(O-Phthal-di-Aldehyde)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mineral Content Analysis of Morinda citrifolia-Fruit

Sl.No Parameters Observation (ppm)

1 Nitrate Nitrogen 0.08072 Total Kjeldahl total

Nitrogen7025

3 Phosphate as PO4 9594 Potassium Traces5 Copper 0.0046 Zinc 0.00327 Manganese 0.0017

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Sl.No Parameters Observation (ppm)

8 Iron 1910.39 Boron 0.001110 Calcium 99411 Magnesium 121912 Sulphur 0.05613 Molybdenum 0.02414 Iodine 0.03215 Chloride 7358.8

MINERAL CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA-FRUIT

The phosphorus content was determined using stannous method by Spectrophotometric measurements. The Sulphur content was determined using outline of the Barium chloride method.

The Nitrogen content was quantified using titration after digestion whereas Calcium and Magnesium content were measured by titration procedures. The Potassium and Molybdenum content was estimated using flame photometer upon wet digestion of the sample.

Amounts of the remaining mineral constituents such as manganese, iron, copper, zinc and boron were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

MINERAL CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA-FRUIT

Nitrate nitrogen and total kjeldhal total nitrogen was found to be 0.0807 and 7025 ppm, respectively. Chloride was found in higher amounts compared to other nutrient minerals (7358.8 ppm).

Iron, magnesium, calcium and phosphate as PO4 were found to be in appreciable quantities such as 1910.3, 1219, 994 and 959 ppm, respectively.

The other mineral nutrients were present in low quantities and potassium in traces.

PROXIMATE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA-

FRUIT

Sl.No Parameter (content) Observation1 Total carbohydrates

(g/100g)25.94

2 Total proteins (g/100g)

4.37

3 Crude fiber (%) 10.464 Ash (%) 5.785 Vitamin C (%) 12.61

PROXIMATE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA-FRUIT

Total car-bohydrates (g/100g)

Total proteins (g/100g)

Crude fiber (%)

Ash (%) Vitamin C (%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

3025.94

4.37

10.46

5.78

12.61

 PROXIMATE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA-

FRUIT

The total carbohydrates and total proteins were estimated by Anthrone method and Lowry’s method. Crude fiber and ash content of Morinda citrifolia fruits were estimated by AOAC methods respectively.

Moreover vitamin C was analyzed by titration method. The total carbohydrates and total proteins were presented in quantities such as 25.94 and 4.37 g/100g dried powder, respectively.

Moreover, vitamins C, crude fiber and ash content were found to be 12.61, 10.46 and 5.78, respectively of 100% dried powder of Morinda citrifolia fruits.

AMINO ACIDS CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA-FRUIT

Sl.No Parameter Observation (μg/100ml)

1 Threonine 0.322 Cystine 0.293 Valine 0.764 Methionine 0.0845 Isoleucine 0.996 Leucine 0.507 Tyrosine 0.458 Phenyl

alanine0.61

9 Histidine 0.3710 Lysine 0.44

AMINO ACIDS CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA-FRUIT

Sl.No Parameter Observation (μg/100ml)

1 Arginine 0.352 Tryphtophan 0.233 Proline 0.944 Alanine 0.785 Aspartic acid 0.406 Glutamic

acid0.88

7 Glycine 0.918 Glutamine 0.999 Aspargine 0.52

10 Serine 1.19

AMINO ACIDS CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA-FRUIT

Amino acids in the fruit of Morinda citrifolia were determined by OPA deviation using HPLC technique. 

The amino acid profile substantiated that  Morinda citrifolia fruits possess FAO/WHO/UNU required amino acids in appreciable amounts. 

Among the  Amino Acids, Serine and Glutamine(non‑essential amino acids) were found to be abundant in  fruit (1.19 and 0.99 μg/10 ml protein, respectively).      

AMINO ACIDS CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA-FRUIT

Similarly, the essential amino acids Isoleucine (0.99 μg/100 ml protein), Valine (0.76 μg/100 ml of protein),  Phenyl alanine (0.61 μg/100 ml of protein),  leucine(0.50 μg/100 ml protein), Lysine (0.44 μg/100 ml protein), Histidine (0.37μg/100 ml  protein),  Arginine  (0.35μg/100 ml of protein),  Threonine  (0.32μg/100 ml of protein) and Tryphtophan (0.23μg/100ml protein) were  also found to be in significant amount. 

The other  essential and non-essential amino acids were present in low quantities.     

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Nutraceuticals have reclined good acceleration in recent years fine conventional drugs found in adequate rather creating deleterious effects. Plants are the reservoirs of a large number of imperative organic compounds and they have long been used as the sources of medicines. Plants have been a primary source of highly effective drugs for the treatment of many diseases. The development of new technologies some of the agents which failed earlier clinical studies are stimulating renewed interest. The current study is focused on Nutraceutical Studies in Morinda citrifolia Linn-Fruit.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The Proximate analysis of ash content and crude fiber content was estimated by AOAC method and thereby the total carbohydrates and total proteins were estimated by Anthrone method and Lowry’s method.

The vitamin C content of the fruit extract by Titration method was also carried out. The determination of amino acids by OPA deviation using HPLC technique has been essential and non essential amino acids was performed.

The fundamental knowledge of nutrient profile will enable further investigation in Morinda citrifolia Linn-Fruit.

PAPER PUBLICATION

Nutraceutical Studies in Morinda Citrifolia Linn-Fruit. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES). ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 3, Issue 6 (June 2014), PP.60-63.

“Nutraceutical Studies in Morinda Citrifolia Linn -Fruit” has indexed in ANED (American National Engineering Database). My article ANED-DDL (Digital Data link) number is 10.183X/G366063 .

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