moving from ecology to biochemistry. biochemistry levels of organization organisms organ systems...
TRANSCRIPT
MOVING FROM ECOLOGY TO BIOCHEMISTRY
BIOCHEMISTRY LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Organisms
Organ Systems
Organs Tissues
Cells Molecules Atoms
Subatomic
Particles
BIOLOGICAL BONDS (CONCEPT 2.3)
• TYPES OF BONDS & INTERACTIONS
• COVALENT BONDS
• IONIC BONDS
• HYDROGEN BONDS
• HYDROPHOBIC & HYDROPHILIC INTERACTIONS
• VAN DER WAALS INTERACTIONS
COVALENT BONDS
• VALENCE ELECTRONS ARE SHARED BY TWO ATOMS
• THERE ARE TWO TYPES
• POLAR – SHARED UNEQUALLY
• NONPOLAR – SHARED
EQUALLY (O=O, H-H)
IONIC BONDS
• SOME ATOMS ATTRACT VALENCE ELECTRONS SO UNEQUALLY THAT THE MORE ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOM STEALS THE ELECTRON AWAY FROM THE LESS ELECTRONEGATIVE
HYDROGEN BONDS
• THE SLIGHTLY POSITIVE
HYDROGEN ATOM OF A POLAR
MOLECULE IS ATTRACTED TO
THE SLIGHTLY NEGATIVE ATOM
OF ANOTHER MOLECULE
• WATER IS POLAR
HYDROPHOBIC & HYDROPHILIC INTERACTIONS
• HYDROPHOBIC – “WATER-FEARING”
• NONPOLAR MOLECULES
• NO AFFINITY FOR WATER
• HYDROPHILIC – “WATER-LOVING”
• POLAR MOLECULES
• HAVE AN AFFINITY FOR WATER
VAN DER WAALS INTERACTIONS
• WEAK INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MOLECULES OR PARTS OF MOLECULES THAT RESULT FROM TRANSIENT LOCAL PARTIAL CHARGES
• WAIT. WHAT?
• VIDEO